JSPS Coastal Marine Science Program in Indonesia Chapter 16 Suharsono

Chapter 16
JSPS Coastal Marine Science Program in Indonesia
Suharsono
Research Center for Oceanography, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI),
Jl. Pasir Putih I, Ancol Timur Jakarta, Indonesia
Introduction
Indonesia is the largest archipelagic state
in the world, composed of 18,110 islands
with a coastline of 108,920 km. The waters surrounding the Sulawesi, Flores,
Maluku, Arafura and Banda Sea represent
one of the centers of mega biodiversity and
were designated as the key region for the
Coral Triangle Initiative (CTI) program.
This region provides valuable natural resources, the potential use of which is enormous and diverse, either for direct or indirect use by people. Combination of exploitation of marine resources with increasing
population and changing global climate is
becoming more critical to these resources,
necessitating proper management for their
sustainability.
The national policy concept for the
management of marine resources has been
developed as guideline for policy and decision makers to assist them in managing
the marine resources. At the lowest level
this policy concept is to assist in addressing the issues and problems associated
with marine resources management. There
are three important issues: increased marine resources degradation, the need for
economic development especially for
coastal communities, and the rights and
responsibilities of the central government,
local government and communities. The
successful management of coastal resources has to be realized through the integration of science, policy, law enforcement and administration taking into consideration the social, economic and political situation in each location.
One of the national policies for the
management of marine resources in Indonesia is to manage these based on a balance between conservation and utilization,
designed and implemented in an integrated
and synergistic manner by central government and local governments, communities,
education institutions and non-government
organizations. There are seven sub policies
and each of them has specific objectives.
Several of these objectives are relevant to
the Multilateral Core University Program
“Coastal Marine Science” (MCUP-CMS)
of the Japan Society for the Promotion of
Science (JSPS), such as the development
of science and technology, research information systems, and education and training in the management of marine resources
by strengthening international cooperation.
The development of the capacity and capability of scientists through increased
S. Nishida, M. D. Fortes and N. Miyazaki, eds.
Coastal Marine Science in Southeast Asia —Synthesis Report of the Core University Program of the Japan
Society for the Promotion of Science: Coastal Marine Science (2001–2010), pp. 145–161.
© by TERRAPUB 2011.
Project
Coord. Marine Sci.
Coord. 1
1 and 3
1
1
1
1
1
Coord. 2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Suharsono
Muswerry Muchtar
Sam Wothuyzen
L. F. Wenno
Eddy Kusmanto
Winardi
Susanna Nurjaman
Suhendar. I. Sachoemar
Tumpak Sidabutar
Deddy Setia Permana
Quraisyin Adnan
Hikmah Thoha
Riani Widiarti
Nining Betawati Prihantini
Muhammad Lukman
Tri Pratiwi
Woro W. Kastoro
Husni Azkab
Sasanti R. Suharti
Wawan Kiswara
Name
Institutions and members from each project.
Research Center for Oceanography (RCO) LIPI
RCO LIPI
RCO LIPI
RCO LIPI
RCO LIPI
RCO LIPI
Bandung Institute of Tecnology
Agency for the Assesment & Appl. Of Tech.
RCO LIPI
RCO LIPI
RCO LIPI
RCO LIPI
University of Indonesia
University of Indonesia
Hasanuddin University
National Center for Fisery QC and Processing
RCO LIPI
RCO LIPI
RCO LIPI
RCO LIPI
University/Institute/etc.
Table 1.
Director/research professor in marine bio.
Asst. Prof. in chemical oceanography
Associate Prof. in remote sensing
Associate Prof. in oceanography
Junior researcher in circ. & modeling
Ass. senior researcher in remote sensing
Lecturer
Researcher
Senior researcher in plankton
Ass. Prof. in productivity
Research Prof. in plankton
Junior researcher in marine biology
Associate Prof.
Lecturer
Associate Prof.
Researcher
Research Prof. Emeritus in benthos
Research Prof. in seagrass
Junior researcher in marine biology
Senior researcher in seagrass
Position
146
SUHARSONO
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3 and 4
3
Coord. 4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
Project
No.
RCO LIPI
RCO LIPI
RCO LIPI
RCO LIPI
RCO LIPI
RCO LIPI
RCO LIPI
Research Center for Biology, LIPI
Diponegoro University
Department of Education and Culture, UNRI
Sam Ratulangi University
Sam Ratulangi University
RCO LIPI
RCO LIPI
RCO LIPI
RCO LIPI
RCO LIPI
RCO LIPI
Sam Ratulangi University
Sam Ratulangi University
Center for Assessment and Applic. Of Env.
Environmental Management Center
University/Institute/etc.
Susetiono
Teguh Peristiwady
Djoko Hadi Kunarso
M.G. Lily Panggabean
Indra Aswandy
Hagi Yulia Sugeha
Inayat Al Hakim
Mulyadi
Centur Handoyo
Muchtar H. Ahmad
Grevo Soleman Gerung
Inneke F.M. Rumengen
Kurnaen Sumadhiharga
Zainal Arifin
Ruyitno
Yetti Darmayati
Dwi Hindarti
Hamidah Razak
Daniel Limbong
Detty N. Rumampuk
Agus Sudaryanto
Arum Prajanti
Name
Senior researcher in benthos
Senior researcher in fishes
Senior researcher in microbiology
Assistance Prof. in macro algae
Senior researcher in crusta cea
Researcher in marine biology
Researcher in marine biology
Senior researcher
Lecturer
Vice Director
Lecturer
Associate Prof.
Research Prof. Emeritus
Senior researcher in ecotoxicology
Research Professor in microbiology
Junior researcher in microbiology
Junior researcher in ecotoxicology
Assistance Professor in chemical organic
Associate Prof.
Lecturer
Researcher
Researcher
Position
JSPS Coastal Marine Science Program in Indonesia
147
Riani Widianwari
Tumpak Sidabutar
Tumpak Sidabutar
Tumpak Sidabutar
Riani Widianwari
Dra. M. G. Lily Panggabean, M.Sc
Dra. M.G. Lily Panggabean, M.Sc
Tumpak Sidabutar
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Name
Tumpak Sidabutar
1
No.
Jul.-04
Jan.-04
6−9 Oct. 2003
Feb.−Mar. 2002
2002
2001
2001
21−25 Aug. 2000
2000
Date
training
training
training
research
research
research
seminar
seminar
seminar
Type of activities
Training course on the taxonomy of
harmful microalgae part 1; the
distant e-learning introduction
course
Microscopy course on the taxonomy
of Harmful Microalgae Part II
Training course on the taxonomy of
harmful microalgae
International seminar on HABs in
Tasmania; the 9th International
Conference of HAB
JSPS International symposium on
Fisheries science in tropical area
International seminar on HABs
Program
Visiting laboratory of Coastal
Environmental Science, Faculty of
Fisheries, Nagasaki University
Research collaboration on HABs
Occurrence
Cooperative research program
Theme of activities
University of Denmark
Hue University, Vietnam
Bangkok, Thailand
Kitasato and Tokyo University
Honda Bay Islands Philippines
Nagasaki University
Faculty of Fisheries and Marine
Science-IPB, Bogor-Indonesia
Korea
Australia
Place/Host countries
Table 2.
List of activities attended by member of Ecology and Oceanography of Harmful
Marine Microalgae.
Host scientist
IOC-DANIDA/
Prof. Yasuwo Fukuyo
Dr. Dao Viet Ha
Prof. K. Matsuoka
Dr. Omura
Prof. Dr. Y. Fukuyo
Prof. Rhodora Azanza
Prof. Kazumi Matsuoka
Prof. Yasuwo Fukuyo
Prof. Kaswadji
Prof. Yasuwo Fukuyo
148
SUHARSONO
Achmad Muttaqien
Hikmah Thoha, Tumpak Sidabutar, 3−5 Aug. 2007
Riani W, Quraisyin Adnan, and Lil y
Panggabean
Dra. Hikmah Thoha, M.Si
May-08
Dra. Hikmah Thoha, M.Si
Dr. Zainal Arifin,
M.Sc; Drs.
Susetiono, M.Sc; Dra. Hikmah
Thoha, M.Si
Hikmah Thoha, Tumpak Sidabutar,
Riani W, Quraisyin Adnan
13
14
15
16
17
18
Dra. M. G. Lily Panggabean, M.Sc
Dra. Hikmah Thoha, M.Si
11
12
Date
10
May-10
25−29 Oct. 2009
21−28 Feb. 2009
16−21 Aug. 2006
May-06
25−20 May 2010
24−26 Aug. 2005
Name
Dra. M. G. Lily Panggabean, M.Sc,
Dra. Hikmah Thoha M.Si
No.
Type of activities
seminar
seminar
research
seminar
seminar
training
research
training
seminar
Seminar Red Tide in Indonesia
The IOC WESTPAC International
scientific symposium
Research Domoic Acid of
Indonesian waters
The 4th VAST-JSPS Joint Seminar
2nd seminar of JSPS Multilateral
core University program on coastal
oceanography
Cyst Mapping at Kao Bay
The IOC-WESTPAC Technical
standardization meeting for TTR
Project characterization of selected
HAB species of HAB Program
Eliza Kit Utilization for PSP toxin
detection
LIPI-JSPS Joint Seminar on Coastal
Marine Science
Theme of activities
Jakarta, Indonesia
Hai Phong, Vietnam
Kitasato and Tokyo University
Kinabalu, Malaysia
Yogyakarta Indonesia
Nha Trang, Vietnam
Kao Bay
University Kebangsaan Malaysia
Tokyo, Japan
Place/Host countries
Host scientist
Dewan Kelautan Indonesia
Dr. Yuichi Kotaki
Prof. Yasuwo Fukuyo
Mutsumi Nishida
Prof. Yasuwo Fukuyo
RCO LIPI
Prof. Yasuwo Fukuyo
Nagasaki University
Prof. Yasuwo Fukuyo
JSPS/Prof. Yasuwo Fukuyo
JSPS Coastal Marine Science Program in Indonesia
149
150
SUHARSONO
collaboration between government institutions as well as with international institutions is needed. The aim of this policy is
to increase international collaborative support in order to enhance understanding of
marine biodiversity and habitat characteristics and to increase human capacity and
capability through training and exchange
of scientists to support improved marine
ecosystems management. So far collaboration between JSPS and the Indonesian
Institute of Sciences (LIPI) agrees will
with the provisions of the Indonesian national policy on marine resources management. This collaboration is also relevant
with CTI plan of action on the development and conduct of various researches on
climate change impact to biodiversity and
assessment on marine invertebrates and
plants.
Membership
A total of 41 scientists are members in the
present JSPS-CMS Program in Indonesia
(Table 1). They come from different research institutions and universities but
mostly from the Research Center for Oceanography (RCO), LIPI, which is the core
institution for the program. The membership is comprised mainly of senior scientists except for the research activities cooperating in the NaGISA (Natural Geography In Shore Areas), a field project of
the Census of Marine Life (CoML), which
involves many young scientists.
Activities by Project
The present collaboration between LIPI
and the JSPS-CMS Program covers three
main activities: cooperative research, exchange of scientists, and seminars and
workshops. There are four major projects
for the cooperative research, focusing on:
(1) water circulation and processes of material transport in the coastal areas and
marginal seas of the East and Southeast
Asia, (2) ecology and oceanography of
harmful
marine
microalgae,
(3) biodiversity in the coastal waters of the
East and Southeast Asia, and (4) pollution
of hazardous chemicals in the coastal marine environment and their ecological effects. The activities and achievement on
each topic in Indonesia are summarized
below.
Project-1: The water circulation and
processes of material transport in the
coastal and marginal seas
The coordinators of this activity are
Drs. S. I. Sachoemar and T. Yanagi. The
first objective of research under this activity is to study the environment and
coastal oceanography phenomena in relation to water quality, the dynamics of sea
surface temperature, chlorophyll-a, and
fresh water residence time related with the
seasonal variation of the marine and
coastal dynamics in relation to fisheries,
including both aquaculture and marine
fisheries resources. Research location is in
Java Sea, Bangka Islands, Lampung Bay
and Batam Islands (Sachoemar et al.
2010). The second objective is to assess
the status of marine environment in relation to pollutant and ecosystem dynamics
in Madura Strait and Jakarta Bay. We also
modeled the ecosystem dynamics in Jakarta Bay and Banten Bay in West Java and
monitored tidal dynamics in Mahakam
Estuary, East Kalimantan (Idris and Yanagi
2008). The four permanent and active
members from different agencies (Table 1)
were engaged in these researches and published at least 19 papers since 2001 (Appendix-2).
The study of current patterns and tidal
dynamics is related to other project activities such as those on the algal blooms and
biodiversity. Data and information on current patterns were used to better understand the distribution of pollutants and larvae, and phytoplankton dynamics.
JSPS Coastal Marine Science Program in Indonesia
Project-2: Ecology and oceanography of
harmful marine microalgae
Phytoplankton abundance shows a
strong correlation with onshore-offshore
gradient of nutrient input from land. In
near-shore water they are more abundant
because of consistent input and greater
availability of nutrients from runoff and
shallow sediments. The marked cross-shelf
changes in plankton composition are a result of gradient in the physico-chemical
properties of water. The gradient is determined by the dynamic balance between
terrestrial inputs of nutrients, water movement alongshore and influence of oceanic
waters. Several studies have been done on
the ecology and oceanography of harmful
marine microalgae. Coordinated by Mr. H.
Thoha and Dr. Y. Fukuyo with ca. 10 members from different institutions (Table 1),
the project worked on mapping the distribution of dinoflagellate cysts and assessing the occurrence of potential toxic or
harmful algal blooms in different locations
of Indonesia such us Lampung Bay, Jakarta
Bay, Lembar Bay and in Kao Bay, through
identification of harmful and toxic algal
species and examination of the distribution
and cell density of diatoms, cyanobacteria
and dinoflagellates (Sidabutar et al. 2009).
The research group has also been active in
training on taxonomy, identification of
cyst, and identification of toxin as well as
in other activities, including research, exchange of scientists, and attendance to
seminars and workshops (Table 2).
Project-3: Biodiversity studies in the
coastal waters in East and Southeast Asia
The research group on this topic has
been focusing on taxonomy of various
marine taxa and groups, including fish,
seaweed and sea grass, zooplankton, and
benthos, and biology, ecology, phylogeny
and taxonomy of eel (Table 3).
Fish Group
Drs. P. Teguh, S. Sasanti, and S. Kimura
and other members of the Fish Research
151
Group collaborated actively on the taxonomy of fishes from such diverse areas
as Kupang (East Nusanteggara) and Bitung
(North Maluku), resulting in discoveries
of several new species from Indonesia,
especially in the genera Odontanthias and
Plectrantias. Their research results were
presented in the seminars in Chiang Mai
(Thailand) and Haiphong (Vietnam). A
workshop on fish taxonomy, was held in
Bintan. The workshop was participated not
only by the member of fish group but also
by young scientists from Indonesia. Several papers have been published from these
activities (Appendix-2).
Plankton Group
The Plankton Group consists of 20 people, two of which are from Indonesia (Table 1). The activities of the group in Indonesia involved a training course on
zooplankton ecology and identification
(2007, Research Center for Biology, LIPI),
researches on taxonomy and distribution
of copepods, biology of jellyfish and current status of jellyfish fisheries, impacts
of hazardous chemicals on zooplankton,
and participation by members in seminars
and workshops. It is noteworthy that seven
species of copepods were described as new
to science from Indonesian waters, suggesting large potential biodiversity in still
unexplored habitats (Mulyadi 2003). The
jellyfish research has been conducted in
collaboration with the JSPS-LIPI bilateral
project, “Biodiversity and ecological roles
of medusae and ctenophores in Indonesian
waters”, led by Drs. Mulyadi and S.
Ohtsuka, providing a wealth of information on the taxonomy and ecology of jellyfish as fisheries target and other gelatinous forms (Nishikawa et al. 2009). While
the project has advanced the research and
education on plankton taxonomy and ecology in Indonesia, its activities need to be
continued and enhanced to facilitate the
establishment of sound databases and educate young generation of researchers and
teachers. Nutrient input processes are
Dra. Sasanti Retno Suharti, M.Sc
Dr. Ir. Kurnaen Sumadhiharga, M.Sc
Dra. W.W. Kastoro; Drs. Susetiono,
M.Sc; Dr. Sam Wouthuyzen
Dr. Teguh Peristiwady
Dr. Teguh Peristiwady
Drs. Djoko Hadikunarso, M.Sc
Dr. Teguh Peristiwady, Dra. Sasanti
Retno Suharti, M.Sc
Dr. Teguh Peristiwady
3
4
5
7
8
9
Dr. Sam Wothyuzen
Dr. Sam Wouthuyzen
Dr. Teguh Peristiwady
11
12
13
10
6
Dr. Sam Wothyuzen
2
Name
Ir. Sulistijo, M.S
1
No.
Sep.-02
23 Nov.−22 Dec.
2002
2003
31 Jan.−28 Feb.
2002
17 Mar.−1 Apr.
2002
1−30 July 2002
2002
30 Oct. −28 Nov.
2001
24−26 Aug. 2001
28 Oct. −2 Nov.
2001
2001
Nov. 2000
1−30 Nov. 2000
Date
workshop
exchange
scientist
research
research
exchange
scientist
research
research
research
seminar
workshop
exchange
scientist
exchange
scientist
research
Type of activities
Data analysis of Hakuho Maru
Millenium Cruise
Study on taxonomical and ecological
studies on fishes
National Coordinator Meeting
Planning Workshop of Biodiversity
Group
Research cooperative on
identification of Kupang fish
specimens
Research cooperative on
identification of Kupang fish
specimens
Cooperative Research between LIPI
and JSPS
Study on taxonomical and ecological
studies on fishes
Cooperative Research between LIPI
and JSPS
JSPS Meeting on biodiversity
Cooperative Research between LIPI
and JSPS
Research cooperative on
identification of Kupang fish
specimens
Visiting Scientist
Theme of activities
Fisheries research laboratory,
Mie University
Fisheries research laboratory,
Mie University
Langkawi Island, Malaysia
Ocean Research Institute, Univ.
of Tokyo, Japan
Fisheries research laboratory,
Mie University
ORI, University of Tokyo
Fisheries research laboratory,
Mie University
Fisheries research laboratory,
Mie University
Ocean Research Institute, The
University of Tokyo, Japan
Fisheries research laboratory,
Mie University
ORI, University of Tokyo
ORI, University of Tokyo
Kitasato University, Japan
Place/Host countries
Table 3. List of activities attended by member of Biodiversity Studies in the Coastal Waters of
East and Southeast Asia.
Host scientist
Dr. Seishi Kimura
JSPS
Dr. Katsumi Tsukamoto
Dr. Seishi Kimura
Dr. Seishi Kimura
Ohkubo Masahiro
Dr. Seishi Kimura
Dr. Seishi Kimura
Makoto Terazaki
Makoto Terazaki
Dr. Seishi Kimura
Prof. Katsumi Tsukamoto
Toyoji Kaneko
152
SUHARSONO
Dra. Sasanti Retno Suharti, M.Sc
Dr. Teguh Peristiwady, Dra. Sasanti
Retno Suharti, M.Sc
Dr. Teguh Peristiwady
Dr. Teguh Peristiwady
Dr. Teguh Peristiwady, Dra. Sasanti
Retno Suharti, M.Sc
Dr. Sam Wothuyzen
Dra. Sasanti Retno Suharti, M.Sc
Dr. Teguh Peristiwady
Dra. Sasanti Retno Suharti, M.Sc
Dr. Teguh Peristiwady
Dra. Sasanti Retno Suharti, M.Sc
14
15
16
18
19
21
22
23
24
25
20
17
Name
Dr. Sam Wouthuyzen
No.
Date
4−8 Dec. 2006
4−8 Dec. 2006
12−14 Sep. 2005
12−14 Sep. 2005
23 Jan.−24 Feb.
2005
23−26 Aug. 2005
4−6 Oct. 2004
2004
13−17 Dec. 2003
27−29 Dec. 2003
13−17 Dec. 2003
22−27 Jan. 2003
Type of activities
workshop
workshop
workshop
workshop
exchange
scientist
seminar
workshop
research
seminar
workshop
seminar
workshop
JSPS-UPV Fish Taxonomy Workshop
Workshop JSPS Theme I (Water
Circulation)
The 1st JSPS Joint Seminar in Chiang
Mai
Training Course and Workshop on
Fish Taxonomy and Diversity
The 1st JSPS Joint Seminar in Chiang
Mai
Research cooperative on
identification of Kupang fish
specimens
Fish Workshop on Marine Fish
Diversity
Analysis ocean color data of Jakarta
Bay Indonesia
The 2nd JSPS Multilateral Core
University Program on Coastal
Oceanography
Fish Workshop on Marine Fish
Diversity
Fish Workshop on Marine Fish
Diversity
JSPS-UPV Fish Taxonomy Workshop
Theme of activities
Place/Host countries
Ilo-Ilo Philippines
Ilo-Ilo Philippines
Bintan, Indonesia
Bintan, Indonesia
Faculty of Fisheries, Nagasaki
University, Japan
University of Tokyo, Japan
Nha Trang, Vietnam
Fisheries research laboratory,
Mie University
Phuket Marine Biological
Center (PMBC)
Chiang Mai, Thailand
Chiang Mai, Thailand
Kyushu University, Japan
University of the
Philippines in the Visayas
University of the
Philippines in the Visayas
RCO LIPI
RCO LIPI
JSPS
Prof. Joji Ishizaka
VAST
Dr. Seishi Kimura
JSPS
PMBC
JSPS
Dr. Katsumi Tsukamoto
Host scientist
JSPS Coastal Marine Science Program in Indonesia
153
Dr. Teguh Peristiwady
Dr. Teguh Peristiwady
Dra. Sasanti Retno Suharti, M.Sc,
Dr. Teguh Peristiwady, Dr. Sam
Wothyuzen, Drs. Susetiono M.Sc,
Dr. Hagi Yulia Sugeha
Dr. Sam Wouthuyzen
Dr. Sam Wouthuyzen
Dr. Teguh Peristiwady, Dra. Sasanti
Retno Suharti, M.Sc
Dr. Hagi Yulia Sugeha
Dr. Teguh Peristiwady
26
27
28
29
31
32
33
34
30
Name
Dr. Sam Wothuyzen; Dr. Augy
Syahailatua
No.
Date
Jun.-08
Mar.-08
2007
29 Nov.−3 Dec.
2007
24 Nov.−2 Dec.
19−28 Nov. 2007
3−5 Aug. 2007
11−21 Mar. 2007
Mar.-07
Nov.−Dec. 2006
research
research
workshop
exchange
scientist
seminar
seminar
research
research
research
Type of activities
(continued).
JSPS-VCC-UPM Training Course and
Workshop on Fish Taxonomy and
Diversity
Research on tropical Anguilid Eels in
the Indonesian Waters
Identification of fish collected from
the fish market of Bitung
The 1st Joint PI Symposium of ALOS
Data Nodes and East China Sea and
Ariake Symposium
Analysis data of Jakarta Bay
Indonesia
Cooperative Studies on the
Indonesian fish taxonomy
LIPI-JSPS Joint Seminar on Coastal
Marine Science
Marine Biodiversity; Joint cruise for
studying the biology of eel at
leptocephali phase from Tokyo-West
Sumatra watersMauritius using
Hakuho Maru
Identification of fish collected from
the fish market of Bitung
Theme of activities
Table 3.
Place/Host countries
Ocean Research Institute, The
University of Tokyo, Japan
Fisheries research laboratory,
Mie University & Department of
Zoology, National Museum of
Nature and Science
Department of Biology,
University Putra Malaysia
Faculty of Fisheries, Nagasaki
University, Japan
Kyoto, Japan
Yogyakarta
Fisheries research laboratory,
Mie University & Department of
Zoology, National Museum of
Nature and Science
Mie University, Japan
Tokyo-West Sumatra
watersMauritius
Host scientist
Dr. Seishi Kimura & Dr.
Keiichi Matsuura
ORI-JSPS
Department of Biology,
University Putra Malaysia
Prof. Joji Ishizaka
Prof. Joji Ishizaka
LIPI
Dr. Seishi Kimura
Dr. Seishi Kimura & Dr.
Keiichi Matsuura
ORI-JSPS
154
SUHARSONO
Dr. Hagi Yulia Sugeha
Dr. Hagi Yulia Sugeha
Dra. Sasanti Retno Suharti, M.Sc,
Dr. Hagi Yulia Sugeha,
Drs.Susetiono M.Sc
Drs. Susetiono, M.Sc; Hendra
Freddy Sihaloho, S.Pi; Agus Kusnadi,
S.Si; Varian Fahmi, M.Si; Ucu Yanu
Arbi, S.Si
Dr. Hagi Yulia Sugeha
Dr. Teguh Peristiwady, Dra. Sasanti
Retno Suharti, M.Sc
35
36
37
38
Dr. Teguh Peristiwady
Dra. Sasanti Retno Suharti, M.Sc
Dr. Hagi Yulia Sugeha, Drs.
Susetiono, M.Sc
Dr. Teguh Peristiwady, Dra. Sasanti
Retno Suharti, M.Sc
Drs. Wawan Kiswara
43
44
45
47
46
Dr. Teguh Peristiwady
42
40
41
39
Name
Drs. Wawan Kiswara
No.
workshop
workshop
2009
28 Nov.−4 Dec.
2009
seminar
seminar
seminar
research
seminar
workshop
workshop
seminar
30 Nov.−2 Dec.
27−29 Oct. 2009
26−28 Oct. 2009
26−28 Oct. 2009
Jun-09
11−15 May 2009
16−19 Mar. 2009
8−10 Mar. 2009
27−28 Oct. 2008
seminar
seminar
2008
19 Oct.-08
21−25 Oct. 2008
Type of activities
workshop
Date
31 Aug.−7 Sep.
The 4th VAST-JSPS Joint Seminar on
Coastal Marine
The 4th VAST-JSPS Joint Seminar on
Coastal Marine
NAGISA_JSPS Westpac Conference
2009
VAST-JSPS Marine Fish Workshop
and Training Course
The International Workshop and
Field Study Under JSPS Multilateral
Cooperative Research Program
World Ocean Conference
The International Fish Taxonomy
Workshop, the JSPS Multilateral
Project Coastal Marine Science
Identification of fish collected from
the fish market of Bitung
JSPS-NaGISA Westpac Bivalve
Taxonomy Training Workshop
LIPI-NAGISA Western Pacific
Conference
World Eel Satellite Symposium
5th World Fisheries Congress
Workshop on Taxonomy and Ecology
of Seagrasses and macroalgae
Theme of activities
Place/Host countries
United Nation University,
Tokyo, Japan
Do Son Marine Station, Hai
Phong, Vietnam
Samui Island, Thailand
Hai Phong, Vietnam
Fisheries research laboratory,
Mie University & Department of
Zoology, National Museum of
Nature and Science
Hai Phong, Vietnam
Manado, Indonesia
Songkhla, Thailand
Penang, Malaysia
Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan
Yokohama Convention Center,
Yokohama, Japan
Jakarta, Indonesia
Tokyo, Japan
Host scientist
Prof. Shigeo Kawaguchi
VAST
NAGISA-JSPS
VAST
VAST
Dr. Seishi Kimura & Dr.
Keiichi Matsuura
JSPS
Dr. Keiichi Matsuura
Yoshihisa Shirayama
RCO LIPI
JSPS
JSPS
Mutsumi Nishida
JSPS Coastal Marine Science Program in Indonesia
155
Dr. Teguh Peristiwady
Dr. Hagi Yulia Sugeha
Drs. Susetiono, M.Sc
Dr. Teguh Peristiwady
Dr. Sam Wothyuzen, Dr. Hagi Yulia
Sugeha, Dr. Augy Syahailatua, Drs.
Djoko Hadikunarso, Nurul Fitriya
Msi, Dr. Teguh Peristiwady, Dra.
Sasanti Retno Suharti, M.Sc
Dr. Teguh Peristiwady, Dra. Sasanti
Retno Suharti, M.Sc
Drs. Wawan Kiswara
48
49
50
51
52
53
55
54
Name
Drs. Susetiono, M.Sc
No.
Date
8−13 Aug. 2010
20−22 June 2010
Mar.-10
Jan.-10
21−30 Mar. 2010
Jan.-10
Jan.-10
12−16 Dec. 2009
workshop
workshop
research
research
research
research
research
exchange
scientist
Type of activities
(continued).
JSPS Multilateral Project “Coastal
Marine Science”
JSPS-AORI International Workshop
on Biodiversity of Seaweed and
Seagrass
Collaboration Study about
meiobenthos in Indonesia
Check and measuring type of
specimens of Liopropoma,
Plectranthias and other comparative
fish specimens collected from
Ryukyus and around; comparing
characters holotype of Odontanthias
wassi (BPBM, Honolulu, US)
Joint Hakuho Maru Research Cruise
(KH-2010-leg 7); studying the biology
of eel at leptocephali phase in the
Tomini Bay Indonesia
International Meeting for Promoting
Asia Pacific Biodiversity Observation
Network (AP-BON) dan “NaGISA-JSPS
Western Pacific Marine Biodiversity
Conference”
Identification of new species fish of
the genus Odontanthias sp and
Plectranthias sp collected from the
fish market of Bitung
Research on the Early life History of
the tropical Anguillid Eels
Theme of activities
Table 3.
Place/Host countries
University of the Ryukyus,
Okinawa, Japan
Kagoshima University, Japan
RCO LIPI-ORI-JSPS
Laboratory of Fish and
Fisheries, Biology Department,
University of the Ryukyus, Naha,
Okinawa, Japan
Fisheries research laboratory,
Mie University & Department of
Zoology, National Museum of
Nature and Science
International coastal research
center, Ocean Research
Institute, The University of
Tokyo, Japan
Kyoto University, Japan
Tokyo, Japan
Host scientist
University of the Ryukyus,
Okinawa, Japan
Prof. Shigeo Kawaguchi
Dr. Jun Aoyama
Dr. Seishi Kimura & Dr.
Keichii Matsuura, and Prof.
H. Yoshino
Yoshihisa Shirayama
ORI-JSPS
Dr. Seishi Kimura & Dr.
Keiichi Matsuura
Yoshihisa Shirayama
156
SUHARSONO
JSPS Coastal Marine Science Program in Indonesia
critical to understanding future climate
change impact on coastal areas and we
should have a representative of plankton
monitoring sites to track long term changes
in plankton composition and community
structure as well as in plankton biomass.
Eel Biology
Under the biodiversity program, the
research collaboration between Indonesia
and Japan was conducted on a special
study on marine eel using research vessels
from both countries: RV Baruna Jaya VII
and RV Hakuho-Maru. Five research
cruises have been conducted in the Indonesian waters especially those surrounding Tomini Bay, lead by Drs. K. Tsukamoto
and O.K. Sumadhiharga, with the last
cruise (2010) being led by Drs. J. Aoyama
and S. Wouthuyzen. The objective of the
cruises was to investigate the spawning
areas and migration ecology of the tropical anguilid species in the Indonesian Seas.
The results showed that there are several
spawning areas within Celebes Sea and
Tomini Bay and the spawning season is not
continuous throughout the year
(Wouthuyzen et al. 2009).They shed light
in understanding the spawning migration
of tropical anguillid species, including the
most ancestral lineage which is fundamental to understand the origin and evolution
of the spawning migration of fresh water
eels. More than 20 papers were published
by the group in international and national
journals (Appendix-2).
It was fortunate that two Indonesian
members (Drs. S. Wouthuyzen and H. Y.
Sugeha) were provided opportunities to
visit Japan more than 8 times. These considerably enhanced their abilities to conduct researches on eel physiology and genetics.
Benthos Group
The Benthos Group has been collaborating with the NaGISA project, which is
a field project of the Census of Marine Life
collaborated in research with eight regional
157
offices in more than 240 sampling sites
along the shores of over 28 countries. As
we are aware, biodiversity is a measure of
ecosystem health and of biological interactions such as competition, disturbance,
facilitation, predation, recruitment, and the
productivity of a system. On a larger scale,
biodiversity measurements can serve as
indicators of the balance between
speciation and extinction. Inventorying
and monitoring biodiversity are crucial
tasks for identifying and clarifying activities that impact ecosystems. To implement
the above program, NaGISA intentionally
developed simple sampling protocols, so
that they can be adopted by various
NaGISA members, such as researchers,
managers and students. NaGISA is set to
complete a habitat-specific, qualitative and
quantitative survey of the world’s ocean
shores from the high intertidal zone to a
depth of 20 m, which can be repeated over
a 50-year or greater time frame with the
specific scientific goals of “... elucidating
the scale(s) of variability while creating the
first quantitative global baseline of coastal
biodiversity”, and the long-term aspirations of “... increasing coastal community
marine awareness and improve the state of
benthic
taxonomy”
(http://
www.nagisa.coml.org).
Two sites, Bitung (North Sulawesi) and
Kuta Bay (Lombok Island), have been chosen as core sites, where sampling has been
performed in 2000–2010. In terms of marine benthic biodiversity in shallow waters,
Bitung of North Sulawesi and its surrounding waters showed higher benthic diversity compared to Kuta Bay. Biodiversity
of echinoderms from both sites have been
studied in detail (Yusron and Susetiono
2005, 2006, 2010), while other taxa were
less well studied. Commonly found marine
fauna at both locations were also documented in two field guides (Susetiono
2007, 2010). The research results have
been published in local and international
journals or in other publication formats.
158
SUHARSONO
Fig. 1.
LIPI NaGISA Western Pacific Conference, October 2008, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Three taxonomic workshops on marine
benthic animals have been conducted in
various locations of Indonesia, and attended not only by young scientists from
universities and/or research institutions
within Indonesia but also by participants
from member countries of NaGISA. Those
taxonomic workshops are on (1) Decapoda
and Stomatopoda (Crustacea) conducted in
Mataram, Lombok, September 7–10, 2005,
(2) marine Gastropoda and Polyplacophora
in Jakarta, December 5–9, 2006, and
(3) NaGISA sampling protocol and
ophiuroid taxonomy in Manado, March 2–
4, 2010.
Indonesia has also hosted the joint
LIPI-JSPS-NaGISA Western Pacific Conference in Jakarta in October, 2008 (Fig.
1). The conference was attended by 75
participants with presentation of 31 papers
(Appendix-2).
Project-4: Pollution of hazardous chemicals in the coastal marine environment
and their ecological effect (POME)
The following issues have been the targets of the POME Group: the impact of
land-based pollution sources to coastal
ecosystems; the fate and effect of contaminants (heavy metals and POPs) to ecosystem components (water, sediments, and
biota); investigation on various tropical
species as indicators for standard bioassay;
development of bioremediation methods to
reduce oil pollution; and development of
training modules for undergraduate students who are interested in marine pollution studies. The research in Indonesia was
mainly conducted in North Sulawesi focusing on assessment and monitoring of
the status of water quality and the effect
of pollutants on marine organisms, including plankton. In particular, they measured
and monitored the concentration of mercury in Talawan River which receives the
wastes from gold mining activities.
Seminars
The joint seminars have provided excellent opportunities for communication and
knowledge sharing among the project
members and researchers in ASEAN countries. The LIPI hosted the LIPI-JSPS Joint
Seminar on Coastal Marine Science in
Yogyakarta on August 3–5th, 2007 (Fig. 2).
The Seminar was jointly organized by
RCO, LIPI and JSPS. This Seminar was
attended by 189 participants coming from
Japan (30 participants), Malaysia (15), the
Philippines (10), Thailand (9), Vietnam
(13), Indonesia (93), invited guest (7), and
JSPS Coastal Marine Science Program in Indonesia
Fig. 2.
159
LIPI-JSPS Joint Seminar on Coastal Marine Science in Yogyakarta on 3–5 August, 2007.
the committee members. Over 119 scientific papers and 36 posters were presented
during the seminar, covering the projects
on: water circulation (Project 1: 27 papers
and 1 poster), harmful algal blooms
(Project 2: 24 papers and 13 posters),
biodiversity (Project 3: 50 papers and 14
posters), and pollution of hazardous
chemicals (Project 4: 18 papers and 8 posters). After the seminar, the participants of
the Pollution Group conducted a research
in Jakarta Bay to assess the levels of pollutants from land-based activities. As a
result of the seminar, 52 papers out of the
154 presentations were published in the
Journal of Marine Research in Indonesia
(Volumes 32 (2) and 33 (1, 2)).
Issues, Solutions, and
Future Prospects
The LIPI and JSPS cooperative program
has had a fruitful result, which marks a significant milestone in the progress of research in marine science, a successful
North-South cooperation in scientific research. The main activities in this cooperative research program have been coastal
oceanography with the main focus on the
four topics, as described above, that are
highly relevant to the problem faced by the
countries in Southeast Asia, in particular
Indonesia. In recent years it has been emphasized that governments should take
care of the sea, largely for its renewable
food stocks of fish and other organisms.
The study of biodiversity should continue
to provide the scientific foundation for a
responsible and sustainable management
for harvesting of these resources. In order
to obtain maximum benefit from the sea
there are still much to be done. Better understanding of the marine processes in the
environment is perquisite to manage the
resources wisely and sustainably.
For the bilateral cooperation, Indonesia would like to continue researches on
biodiversity especially in its eastern part.
The reefs in eastern Indonesia are hypothesized to harbor much higher species diversity of marine life than in its other parts.
This is a result of differences in the reef
development during the post-glacial period
(more than 18,000 years ago) between west
and east Indonesia. There is clear indication from the previous studies that the
center of maximum marine biodiversity is
situated in eastern Indonesia (Ekman and
Palmer 1953, Kohn 1967, Spalding et al.
2001, Burke et al. 2002), whereas the vari-
160
SUHARSONO
ation in the species composition within the
center has not yet been studied well
enough. The results from the present
project will be useful to support the Coral
Triangle Initiative (CTI), and Indonesia
national plan of actions in the process of
establishing area suitable for Marine Protected Areas (MPAs). Information concerning location of high species diversity, the
presence of endemic or rare species, potential interconnectivity will be important
criteria for establishing MPAs. The data
and information generated from the project
will also contribute to the CTI plan of action, especially by supporting the creation
and management of national coastal and
MPA system. Information from researches
on harmful algal blooms and plankton productivity will certainly contribute to extending and improving management of
critical coastal habitats and will also provide a means for sustaining fish stocks and
fisheries health.
In addition, the issues on global climate
change with its potential impact on the
marine and coastal environment are of
critical importance. This leads us to genuinely consider that our joint research
should address the issue more intensively.
We need to improve our understanding of
how corals and other calcareous reef organism are affected by thermal stress and
acidification. It is imperative to pursue our
understanding of the molecular basis for
stress tolerance in key marine species.
The study in coastal oceanography under the present collaborati program should
be continued in order to have a better understanding of coastal processes. Information has been compiled on SST and chlorophyll-a, water quality, fresh water residence time, pollution, ecosystem model
and tidal dynamics within the tropical area
that spread from the west Indonesian region (Batam, Bangka, Lampung, Java and
Kalimatan) to East Indonesian Region
(Sulawesi and Papua). The result has provided information concerning the charac-
teristics and the dynamics of the coastal
environment, culminating in oceanographic models, which are critical for predicting the spatial and temporal change in
plankton productivity and the impacts of
climate change on dispersal patterns of larvae of marine animals. Hence, the information is very useful in understanding the
dynamics of both marine and coastal areas, in the better management and sustainable use of coastal resources, aquaculture
and fishing activities in the local, regional
and global environment, particularly in
relation to local and global changes. The
need to adapt technologies, encourage
community participation and manage
population growth is very important in
mitigating and adapting to the impacts of
environmental uncertainties.
The data and information generated
from the research in pollution of hazardous chemicals in the coastal environment
and their ecological effects will be useful
in the development and application of simple models of pollution impacts under different scenarios for land based activities.
These will facilitate decision making by
indicating the sensitivity of specific coastal
water bodies to varied contaminant loading. We do hope that the activities will
continue. In addition, we propose activities to prepare marine environmental quality guidelines and tools, and to disseminate and develop common methodologies
that will generate comparable data among
participating countries in the region.
The implementation of the multilateral
programs in marine science has been
successfull, despite some problems which
were encountered, such as budget constraints for field work, workshops, seminars, and training courses especially for
local young scientists. The component on
capacity building needs further improvement for better teamworking among Japanese and Asian researchers and also to
bridge technical problems and knowledge
transfer which is considered not yet opti-
JSPS Coastal Marine Science Program in Indonesia
mal.
Although the multilateral program on
Coastal Marine Science will be completed
in 2010 fiscal year, we do hope that the
multilateral seminar will continue to provide an opportunity for experts from various Asian countries to exchange knowledge and share experience on the various
important marine scientific issues regarding exploration and sustainable utilization
of resources in the coastal and marine environment.
161
Acknowledgements
On behalf all Indonesian scientists participating in
the Coastal Marine Science Program we would like
to thank the Indonesian Institute of Sciences for financial support and encouragements. We would also
like to thank the Japan Society for the Promotion of
Science for supporting various activities in the
project, including seminars, workshops, exchange of
scientists, and training courses. It was very useful
for us to improve our knowledge, understanding and
experience on the marine biodiversity, coastal dynamics and productivity of our and the regional seas.
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