“Geologic assessment of the Mississippian System in

“Geologic assessment of the Mississippian System in
southern Kansas incorporating log and core petrophysics
and seismic data from Wellington Field, Sumner County,
Kansas – implications for horizontal drilling”
W. Lynn Watney1, Jason Rush1, John Doveton1, Mina Fazelalavi1, K. David Newell1,
Dennis Hedke2, Aimee Scheffer2,3, Jennifer Roberts3, David Fowle3, Dana Wreath4,
Randy Koudele4, Paul Gerlach5, Larry Nicholson6, Tom Hansen7, John Victorine1,
Georgios Tsoflias3, Ayrat Sirazhiev3, Robin Barker8, Saugata Datta8
1Kansas Geological Survey, Lawrence, KS
2Hedke-Saenger Geoscience, Ltd., Wichita, KS
3Department of Geology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS
4Berexco, LLC, Wichita, KS
5Consultant, Miramar, FL
6Consultant, Hanover, KS
7Bittersweet Energy, Wichita, KS
8Department of Geology, Kansas State University, Wichita, KS
DOE Contract #FE0002056
and partner cost share
AAPG GeoScience Technology Workshop (GTW)
“New Directions in Carbonates”
February 27-29, 2012
Fort Worth, Texas
Mississippian Oil Play
Stacked and shingled Mississippian Strata
developed along the southern Kansas
and northern Oklahoma
Dipping
Mississippian
strata are
targeted for
horizontal
drilling
North
Cover photo of Notes for
Oklahoma Geological Survey Workshop
May 18, 2011
•
•
•
•
Outline
Background to “Mississippi Lime” play in
southern Kansas
Summarize near surface with subsurface
geology
– Stratigraphy and lithofacies
– Reservoir rock, distribution, controls
– Tripolite and siliceous dolo-siltite Ø
– Key petrophysical observations
Introduction to the Wellington Field test site
Summary
Mississippian Oil and Gas Fields in Kansas
Approximate outline of southern Kansas Mississippian Oil Play
& cumulative oil and gas production (BOE)
Cummulative Oil & Gas
in southern Kansas
1,180 million (M) bbls oil +
3,880 Billion (B) cu. ft of natural gas
Comanche – 14 M + 407 B
Barber
– 70 M +1500 B
Harper
– 37 M + 304 B
Sumner
– 146 M + 44 B
Kiowa
– 31 M + 576 B
Pratt
– 93 M + 167 B
Kingman
– 95 M + 874 B
Sedgwick
– 108 M +
4B
Butler
– 582 M + .1 B
> 88MBO
> 1MBO
> .5MBO
Wellington Field & Regional 25,0000 mi2 study:
KGS-Industry-DOE
partnership to examine CO2-EOR
in Mississippian Tripolite Reservoir &
CO2 sequestration in deep saline Arbuckle
DOE-FE0002056
Gerlach, Sept. 2011
Spivey-Grabs Basil is the largest Mississippian oil field in Kansas with 69 MM BO & 841 BCFG
Produces from the tripolite and could benefit from horizontal drilling and, in later maturity, by CO2-EOR
Kansas Mississippian Stratigraphic Column
Lower Carboniferous – Mississippian Subsystem
~12 Ma
Cowley Formation
~7 Ma
~15 Ma
~7 Ma
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carboniferous
The record of sea level and major glacial episodes from Veevers
and Powell (1987) and isotope data from various authors
compiled by T. Rasbury
“Cowley” interval
Paleogeography of the midcontinent U.S.
during the mid-Mississippian
x
x
x
Miss “Lime” cores
Wellington Field KGS #1-32
P&M cores
x
KGS-OGS Current #1
Lane and DeKeyser (1980)
West-to-East
Structural
Cross Section
with Log
Derived
Lithology
Delineate
Mississippian
Chert
Embayment
West
East
KGS
KGS1-28
1-32
500 ft
~250 mi
horizontal
distance
Mississippian
Chert
Embayment
(Sedgwick Basin)
Cross section index map – top Arbuckle
Pratt
Anticline
West side
Hartner Field
Barber Co.
Lithologies Within the Mississippian Oil Play
(Chert Embayment, South Central Kansas)
SW
DOE-FE0002056
NE
Cored Well
Wellington Fld.
Cherokee
Compton Ls.
Mississippian
Viola
Compton Ls.
Compton Ls.
Compton Ls.
Chattanooga
Simpson
Datum: Top Arbuckle Group
200 ft
Gross isopach of
low resistivity chert
Watney, Guy, Byrnes (2001)
Cross section
Index
NE
SW
Gros Isopach Late Devonian- Early Mississippian
Chattanooga Shale & Kinderhook Shale
• Late Devonian to Early Mississippian, NW-trending
sag basin overlying Midcontinent Rift System
 During late Kinderhookian - abrupt change to shelf
margin in southern Kansas, bordering early
Anadarko and Arkoma basins
 Tripolitic chert cycles developed along shelf
margin
Magnetics with regional lineaments – Kruger (1997)
Wellington
Field
Watney, Guy, Byrnes (2001)
Gross isopach Early-Mid Mississippian,
low resistivity strata
Wellington
Field
Tripolite-Cowley fairway
No
Data
Area
(2001)
Isopach of Low Resistivity
*
Mississippian“Cowley Formation”
*Low resistivity “in situ” chert/tripoloite
Watney et al. (2001)
Isopachous map, Residual Chert beneath base Penn unconformity *
*Residual chert conglomerate – silt & sand matrix with chert
at basal Pennsylvanian unconformity,
not clean, low resistivity chert
Watney et al. (2001)
Case study:
Data from
“Characterization of the
Mississippian Osage Chat
in South-Central Kansas”
by Alan P. Byrnes, Willard J.
Guy, W. Lynn Watney (KGS)
Wellington
8
A)
Stafford Co.
B
Pratt Co.
L
Nichols Field
AM
E
N
IA
T
EN
”
“D
Spivey-Grabs Field
Glick Field
Donald Field
100 km
B)
SPERGENWARSAW
SUBCROP
Examples –
OSAGE
SUBCROP
Nichols & Spivey-Grabs
LI
AM
E
N
T
EN
”
“D
Anson-Bates
Medicine
Lodge
Nichols Field
Wellington
COWLEY
SUBCROP
Spivey-Grabs Field
Glick Field
Donald Field
line of section
Low Resistivity
Thickness
Nichols Field - Residual
ChertChert
Thickness
1
2
3
1 mi
4
line of section
Erosional Truncation
of Tripolite
20
17
16
15
60
40
18
Base
Pennysylvanian
11
0
60
80 21
20
22
10
0
40
10
0
19
Thickness
Of Tripolite (ft)
12
20
28
80
29
30
40 6 0
> 120
0
27
100
80
60
80 - 120
40 - 80
0 - 40
lineaments
T
20
S
T
21
S
31
32
80 33
34
Cross section
Index
6
5
4
3
N
1/2 mile
contour interval 20 feet
modified from Zajic (1956)
Stacked, dipping
chert
layers
15
Compartments of more highly productive chat
In Spivey-Grabs-Basil Field
Barber, Harper, and Kingman County Kansas
p
,
g
q
y
p
y
69.3 MM bbls.
* pods of more productive, better developed chat *
NW-SE lineaments
* structure, paleogeomorphology, diagenesis, reservoir chat
849 BCF
R8W
R9W
T
29
S
26
00
0
260
00
26
R7W
285
0
T
30
S
0
285
Tjaden A-1
00
27
2700
N
0
275
T
31
S
T
32
S
50
27
C.I. = 50'
285
0
Lineaments and fault blocks affect distribution
of microporous chert reservoir. Note location
of Tjaden
R 9 W core
R8W
R7W
2575
> 2575 - 2625
2625 - 2675
2675 - 2825
> 2825
lineaments
pre-Warsaw
channels
McCoy (1978)
0
60
0
12
0
60
120
6
T
30
S
12
0
60
60
60
60
12
0
60
60
0
60
T
32
S
Datum:
Top of Mississippian
modified from,
Robert W. Frensley and
J. C. Darmstetter, (1965)
0
280
T
29
S
T
31
S
Spivey-Grabs Field
60
0
Tjaden A-1
120
120
N
120
120
120
60
Spivey-Grabs Field
Mississippian Chert
Thickness
modified from,
Robert W. Frensley and
J. C. Darmstetter, (1965)
C.I. = 60'
0
> 0 - 60
60 -120
> 120
lineaments
pre-Warsaw
channels
McCoy (1978)
Watney et al. (2001)
Log-Core Description General Atlantic Tjaden A-1
T30S-R8W-Section 24
Barber County, Kansas
Derived from wireline log (LAS file)
Cycle-D
Cycle-C
Cycle-B
Cycle-A
Derived from core
tripolite
clasts
nodular
comminuted
calc. fossils
crinoids
API: 15-095-21688
Spud Date: Jan-18-1994
Completion Date: Feb-26-1994
Plugging Date:
Well Type: INJ
Status: Well Drilled
Total Depth: 4500
GR = gamma ray, SP = spontaneous potential
CAL = caliper, PE = photoelectric curve
NPHI = neutron porosity, RHOB = bulk density
DPHI = density porosity
PBC
VISUAL CORE DESCRIPTION - (SEE LEGEND ON NEXT PANEL)
4322.3 ft
CYCLE D
COLORLITH
WELL LOG IMAGING
(SEE LITHOLOGY
LEGEND BELOW)
Top Mississippian
PBC
Cycle D
4331.5 ft
Subaerial Exposure
Cycle
C
CYCLE C
Subaerial Exposure
Cycle C
spiculitic, bioclastic
grainstone-packestone
CYCLE C
4371.5
Felted mass of monaxon
sponge spicules
Possible Subaerial Exposure, but no core recovered
4371.5
Cycle B
CYCLE B
Subaerial Exposure
4403 ft.
Dolo-siltite with OM
4388.5
Microporous, tripoliltic
chert breccia
4398
4398
Cycle dependent, depth-based
petrophysical patterns
Chert
Cycle D
-4330
-1318
BVW=0.07
-1326
Subaerial exposure surface
-4360
-1330
-4370
Chert
Cycle C
Depth (m)
-4350
Porosity (fraction)
Cycle B
-4340
Sw=10%
Sw=90%
Sw=100%
-1322
Depth (ft)
Sw=20%
BV W=0.08
1
Sw=80%
BV W=0.1
Sw=70%
Sw=60%
Sw=50%
Sw=40% Sw=30%
-4320
BV W=0.12
Subaerial exposure surface
BV W=0.15
-1314
BV W=0.2
BV W=0.3
-4310
BV W=0.25
Petrophysical (PfEFFER) analysis
of the tripolitic (microporous
brecciated) chert
Depth profile of m (cementation
exponent) for chert cycles
Cycle D
0.1
Archie Parameters
a: 1
m: 1.7
n: 2
RW: 0.055
Cycle C
DEPTH
4376 - 4493
4358 - 4376
4340 - 4358
4322 - 4340
4304 - 4322
SPIVEY-GRABS FIELD
General Atlantic Tjaden #1-A WIW
-1334
-4380
-4390
-1338
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
Cementation Exponent (m)
C/A by Byrnes in Watney et al. (2001)
0.01
0.1
1
Resistivity (Rt, Ohm-m)
10
Depth
(ft)
4331.5
Permeability md
Porosity
%
FRF
Archie m
Lithofacies
21.5
34.7
13.1
2.36
2
LITHOFACIES KEY:
1 Chert conglomerate
2 Autoclastic chert w/clay
3 Autoclastic chert
4 Nodular chert
5 Limestone
6 Cherty dolomite
Lower cycle D, 4331.5
autoclasts, nodular bedded chert
Depth
(ft)
4371.3
Permeability md
4.44
Porosity
%
FRF
38.3
6.4
Archie m
1.89
Lithofacies
4
LITHOFACIES KEY:
1 Chert conglomerate
2 Autoclastic chert w/clay
3 Autoclastic chert
4 Nodular chert
5 Limestone
6 Cherty dolomite
Mid Cycle B – 4371.5 ft, nodular bedded chert
Lower Cycle A, 4398 ft, nodular chert
SW Missouri-SE Kansas Analog for Mississippian
tripolitic chert cycles
Tri-State Mining District
Within study area
Surface Stratigraphy and Sequence Stratigraphy
Upper Kinderhook to Middle Osage
Warsaw is LST
LST
HST
TST
TST
Handford and Manger (1993)
West
MISSOURI
KANSAS
Location map: P&M cores, cross section index,
and major structural elements
P&M Coreholes including PM 12
Cherokee County, Kansas
XX
X
X
OKLAHOMA
X
East
Tri-State
Mining
District
50 mi (80 km)
X
Stratigraphic Cross Section of Core and Surface Exposures
Datum: Top Reed Springs Fm. (lower to upper Osagean)
tripolitic chert
Upper
Osage
Short Creek Oolite
(Meramec-Osage Boundary)
LST
Upper Osage
crinoidal
Limestone
shelf
tripolitic chert
Warsaw
Meramec
tripolitic chert
Middle Osage
Lower Osage
HST
Reed
Springs
Reed Springs
tripolitic chert
& dolomite
TST
Pierson
Upper
Osage
Mid-lower
Osage
Upper
Osage
Northview Sh. Kinderhook
Compton Ls.
Pierson
Tri-State Mining District
Kinderhook
• Westward increase in tripolite and
dolomitic limestone lithofacies
• Conodont biostratigraphy indicates
that chert is younger to west (all upper
Osage & lower Meramec [above Short
Creek Oolite]
• Pinchout of microporous tripolite on
east side of Tri-State MVT deposit.
• Inferred that prominent regional faults
may have influenced distribution of
tripolite, ore migration and
hydrothermal alteration
• Analogous to oil and gas
accumulation in “chat” in Kansas
Meramec
Upper
Tripolite
2nd
Tripolite
3rd
Siliceous
dolo-siltite
LST
HST
Upper Osage
TST
Mid-Lower Osage
Kinderhook
Core P&M #12 (upper half)
Township 32S-Range 22E-Section 19
Cherokee County, Kansas
Crackle breccia
& reaction rinds
- Hydrothermal alteration?
WARSAW
Brecciated
469 ft
Sponge spicules,
comminuted
bioclastics
Fissure filled with
dolosiltite
10 ft
(3 m)
469 ft
Limestone
Upper tripolitic sequence
MERAMEC
LST
Tripolitic chert
WARSAW
Packstonee-grainstone
Base of Pennsylvanian
Flooding surface
on top of
subaerial exposure
scattered calcopyrite,
coarse baroque dolomite, and
black aphanitic mineralization
Flooding/condensed
500 ft.
Subaerial exposure
Autoclastic breccia
505 ft
500.6 ft
Flooding/condensed
Subaerial exposure
500 ft.
Breccia
2nd tripolitic sequence
KEOKUK
PackstoneGrainstone
Tripolitic chert
LST
505.2 ft
509.5 ft
529 fissure cross cut
REEDS SPRINGELSEY
Subaerial exposure
HST
Breccia
550 ft
529 ft
2nd Tripolite P&M #12 – start 505 ft.
515 ft
bottom
Top
505 ft
UPPER OSAGE
White microporous tripolitic chert
5 ft below subaerial exposure surface
Fisssure
fill
REEDS SPRINGELSEY
Subaerial exposure
Dolosiltite
Dolomite
UPPER OSAGE
HST
600 ft
582 ft dolosiltite with bioclasts and organic matter
(
))
600 ft
(continued from left)
Top
505 ft
PIERSON
Flooding/condensed
Flooding/condensed
UPPER OSAGE
Flooding/condensed
TST
Top
505 ft
690 ft
Flooding/condensed
KINDERHOOK
UPPER OSAGE
NORTHVIEW
Subaerial exposure
Subaerial exposure
COMPTON
Subaerial exposure
Flooding/condensed
Top Cambro-Ordovician
Arbuckle Group
Arbuckle Group
Horizontal Test in Arbuckle -Bemis-Shutts Field, Ellis Co.
DE-FE0004566
Vess & Murfin
Westar Jeffrey
Energy Center
2010-2013
Sunflower Electric
Holcomb Station
Power plant
Western
Annex
Industry
Consortium
(ChesterMorrow
oil fields
& Arbuckle)
Regional assessment of
deep saline
Arbuckle aquifer
(DE-FE0002056)
Dec 2009-2013
Feb 2011-2013
Abengoa Bioenergy
(Colwich ethanol)
http://www.kgs.ku.edu/PRS/petro/
50 miles Deep Arbuckle Test –
ogSheetMap.html
scheduled for 2nd
quarter 2012
Sequestration capacity of Arbuckle
saline aquifer & EOR-CO2
Mississippian chert reservoir
WELLINGTON FIELD (Berexco)
(DE-FE0002056) Dec 2009-2013
Small Scale Field Test @
Wellington (DOE-FOA-441)
Funded 10-1-2011 (through 2015)
Wellington Field
Porosity Fence Diagram
Mississippian Tripolitic Chert & Siliceous Dolo-Siltite Oil Reservoir
& Arbuckle Saline Aquifer
N
Wellington Field
Porosity Fence Diagram
Mississippian Tripolitic Chert Oil Reservoir
Porosity
0.275
0.275
0
0.0
Test Borehole
~Location #32-1
Test Borehole
~Location #28-1
Flexure in
Mississippian
parallels surface
lineament &
corresponds with
basement fault &
Oread bank
margin
North
Wellington Field
Initial P-Wave Interpretation of 3D Seismic with Location of Test Boreholes
Mississippian time
structure
Test Borehole
Location #28-1
Test Borehole
Location #32-1
(-)
(+)
1 mile
Hedke (2010)
Area of
Mississippian
dual reflector
identifying
buildup of
uppermost
tripolitic chert
reservoir
(exhumed
topography?)
PSDM Mississippian Depth Migration (left) vs Mississippian Well Control (right)
Test Borehole
Location #32-1
SW
Test Borehole
Location #28-1
NE
PSDM- Arbitrary Profile 2: SW - NE
Test Borehole
Location #32-1
Test Borehole
Location #28-1
3,000 ft
Top Topeka
Top Oread
Base Oread
Top Kansas City
Top Mississippian
Mid Mississippian
Top Arbuckle
Cored Well, KGS #1-32
Top Mississippian to Kinderhook Shale
Top Miss.
Tripolite
Siliceous Dolo-siltite (pay)
A
Nodular chert, argillaceous
dolosilitite
B
Argillaceous dolosilitite
C
Siliceous dolo-packstonegrainstone
Ø
D
E
Base Miss. (Northview Sh.)
Argillaceous siliceous
dolo-siltite
(pico/nano darcy perm)
Vuggy siliceous
Dolo-siltite (oil show)
k
Tripolite Pay
Top Mississippian
KGS Wellington #1-32
Bin Ø
~1 ohm
~100 md
perm
Medium
Sized pores
Free
Pore
Space
Mississippian Pay Zone Mineralogy
Berexco Wellington KGS #1-32
3670.6’
Silicified pore space
Silicified sponge
spicule
• Plain light (10x
zoom)
• Fine grained
dolomite with silica
cement
• Silicified sponge
spicule (?)
• Pore spaces filled
with precipitated
silica (chert)
Miss. Pay Zone Mineralogy
3670.6’
• Plain Light (10x
zoom)
• Fine grained
dolomite with
intercrystalline
porosity
• Opaque
oxide/sulfide (?)
present
Miss. Pay Zone Mineralogy
3681.95’
Dol
Cdy
Oil Stain (?)
Dol
• Plain light (10x
zoom)
• Close up of
possible oil stain
on chert
• Fine grained
dolomite in porous
zone
Cdy = Chalcedony;
Dol = Dolomite
Summary
• Over 2.4 TCF gas and 278 MMBO have been produced in south-central
Kansas from Mississippian reservoirs including 20 MMBO at
Wellington Field.
• Reservoir strata consists of weathered and permeable, microporous
and vuggy chert lithofacies that is referred to as tripolite and siliceous
dolo-siltite
• Cherty basal Pennsylvanian conglomerate has distinct spatial
distribution associated with uplifts that contrasts with the distribution
of the tripolite.
• Vertically stacked tripolites and siliceous dolo-siltites reflect upwardshallowing, progradational, time-transgressive cycles consisting of
argillaceous mudstone, siliceous dolo-siltites, and increasingly spongerich, skeletal wacke–packstones (that cap shallowest portions of
cycles).
• Shallowest cycles were subaerially exposed after deposition.
• Rock properties change systematically upward through each cycle
reflecting variations in moldic and vug pores, pore size, and
connectedness resulting in variable cementation exponent, moderate
to high bound water, often considered a low-resistivity pay.
• Permeability was modified by diagenesis, particularly early meteoric,
as often recorded by an overlying subaerial-exposure surface.
Mississippian Oil Play
Stacked and shingled Mississippian Strata
developed along the southern Kansas
and northern Oklahoma
North
Cover photo of Notes for
Oklahoma Geological Survey Workshop
May 18, 2011
51
Acknowledgements & Disclaimer
Acknowledgements
• The work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) National Energy
Technology Laboratory (NETL) under Grant Number DE-FE0002056 (Wellington),
W.L. Watney, PI and Grant Number DE-FE0004556 (Bemis-Shutts) Jason Rush, PI.
Projects are managed and administered by the Kansas Geological Survey/KUCR at
the University of Kansas and funded by DOE/NETL and cost-sharing partners.
Disclaimer
• This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the
United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency
thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or
assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or
usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or
represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein
to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark,
manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its
endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or
any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not
necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency
thereof.
INTENTS-TO-DRILL IN A SIX-COUNTY TIER IN SOUTHERN KANSAS
ALONG THE OKLAHOMA STATE LINE
(Barber, Chautauqua, Comanche, Cowley, Harper, Sumner Counties)
(half-month time increments. May, 2011 through mid-February, 2012)
NUMBER OF WELLS
50
May,
2011
June,
2011
July,
2011
August,
2011
Sept,
2011
October,
2011
Nov,
2011
Dec,
2011
January, February,
2012
2012
45
40
35
30
# of 25
Permits
20
15
10
5
0
(HORIZONTAL WELLS IN RED)
PERCENTAGE OF WELLS
100
90
80
70
60
% 50
40
30
20
10
0
May,
2011
June,
2011
July,
2011
August,
2011
Sept,
2011
October,
2011
Nov,
2011
Dec,
2011
January, February,
2012
2012
Bottom porosity with oil
show near base of
Mississippian
KGS Wellington #1-32
1-20 md
perm
Discontinuous
medium pores
Bottom porosity with oil show near base of Mississippian
KGS Wellington #1-32
4029 ft – Bottom porosity with oil
show
--increased bioturbation, cmsubhorizontal; siliceous dolo-siltite
2nd porosity (Group 6) from
bottom of Mississippian
KGS Wellington #1-32
20+ md
perm
Medium
Sized pores
3877 ft upper Group #6
Fine grained siliceous calc-packstone with
elongate siliceous pelloids
Bottom porosity with oil
show near base of
Mississippian
KGS Wellington #1-32
1-20 md
perm
Discontinuous
medium pores
Bottom porosity with oil show near base of Mississippian
KGS Wellington #1-32
4029 ft – Bottom porosity with oil
show
--increased bioturbation, cmsubhorizontal; siliceous dolo-siltite