rich in

Ting Bartella De Cicco
Langellotti Caponsacco
Natural Science.CLIL
Nutrition and Digestive System
Cell Respiration
Orbitals and Periodic Properties
•Talking science
•Learning by doing
•Cooperative learning
r
n
i
ic h
BIOCHEMISTRY
bio·chem·is·try
(noun)
O
Oxygen
1. chemistry that deals with the chemical
compounds and processes occurring in
organisms
2. the chemical characteristics
and reactions of a particular living
system or biological
substance
C
Carbon
H
Hy dr ogen
scienze
Caro studente,
benvenuto nel libro NATURAL SCIENCE.CLIL!
Stai per intraprendere un’impresa coraggiosa: studiare un nuovo
argomento di scienze attraverso una lingua straniera. Per questo
motivo abbiamo creato un percorso che utilizza un linguaggio
comprensibile, senza mai sacrificare il contenuto.
Ti stai domandando se vale la pena di affrontare questa sfida. Pensa
che oggi conoscere l’inglese è fondamentale per trovare un buon
lavoro, ma è ancora più importante conoscere le scienze, per valutare
le informazioni e interpretare fenomeni con cui abbiamo a che fare
ogni giorno.
Dopo il timore iniziale alla vista di un libro tutto in inglese,
ti renderai conto che questa lingua straniera non è una barriera,
ma uno strumento per entrare dentro l’argomento che stai studiando.
Abbiamo spesso utilizzato parole che somigliano ai loro corrispettivi
in italiano. Dove non era possibile, abbiamo scelto termini in inglese
che è bene conoscere, alcuni dei quali sono evidenziati e tradotti
nei glossari.
Il percorso per acquisire i contenuti scientifici non è basato
solo sulla lettura e l’ascolto, ma soprattutto su esercizi da
completare. Si tratta fondamentalmente di discutere e
scegliere, scrivere, disegnare, calcolare e ovviamente pensare
e quindi capire.
Usare la metodologia CLIL (Content and Language
Integrated Learning) non significa «utilizzare un po’ di
inglese e capire un po’ di contenuto», ma apprendere
in modo attivo e interattivo, come speriamo potrai
sperimentare con questo libro.
Noi autrici, insieme ai tuoi insegnanti, vorremmo
prepararti per il mondo del lavoro e farti diventare un
cittadino che si distingue non solo per il good English
ma anche per il good thinking.
Nella pagina accanto, vedi alcune delle cose che
saprai fare alla fine del libro…
So, have fun!
II
Ting et al. Natural Science.CLIL © Zanichelli 2015 (ISBN: 9788808421241)
Dear Student, at the end of this book you will
understand the following things:
Ting et al. Natural Science.CLIL © Zanichelli 2015 (ISBN: 9788808421241)
III
Contents
Facts of life
Module 1
Nutrition
1
1 Glucose: Solar Energy
in a Simple Molecule ................................................. 2
2 Excess Glucose can Damage Cells ...................... 4
3 Plants: Making, Using
Module 3
Cell Respiration
47
1 Energy from Glucose.................................................. 48
2 Electrons, Protons and ATP................................... 52
3 NADH, FADH2 and Catabolism............................. 58
and Storing Glucose ................................................... 6
4 How Plants Survive,
Even Without Leaves ................................................. 9
5 Planning Ahead: the Incredible Task
and Talent of Seeds .................................................. 10
6 Plants: Our Source of Nutrients
and Energy ..................................................................... 11
7 Energy: Every Calorie Counts
.............................
12
Module 4
Orbitals
61
1 Attraction and Repulsion....................................... 62
2 Electrons and Orbitals.............................................. 66
Module 2
Digestive System
3 Filling in Orbitals......................................................... 70
15
4 Electron Configurations........................................... 75
1 Food: From the Sun
to Our Digestive System ....................................... 16
2 Digesting Proteins
3 Digesting Fats
....................................................
21
..............................................................
25
4 Digesting Carbohydrates
5 A Bit of Revision
......................................
29
.......................................................
31
6 Continuing Along the Digestive Track
.........
33
.................................................
35
1 The Periodicity of the Periodic Table
....................................................................
39
2 Trends within Groups and across Periods.... 82
41
3 Ionization Energy and Electron Affinity...... 87
45
4 Electronegativity.......................................................... 93
7 The Small Intestine
8 Enterocytes
9 The Large Intestine
.................................................
10 Closing Up on the Intestines
IV
Module 5
Periodic Properties 79
............................
............ 80
Ting et al. Natural Science.CLIL © Zanichelli 2015 (ISBN: 9788808421241)
fa
of l i
7
fe
ct
Energy: Every Calorie Counts
Exercise 11a All living organisms need nutrients to survive and use glucose as the main source of
10 min energy. Plants use solar energy to produce their own glucose and nutrients; herbivores consume plants;
carnivores eat herbivores who eat plants and omnivores eat both plants and herbivores. Use short
answers to respond to the following questions about when we need energy.
1. Do we humans use energy to generate new cells? Yes we ……………………………………………………………………
2. Do our cells need energy to synthesize new molecules? ……………………………………………………………………
3. Have we humans got muscles?…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. Do humans have the ability to do physical activity? ……………………………………………………………………………
5. Does our heart need energy to pump blood? ……………………………………………………………………………………
6. Do humans need energy to stay alive? ……………………………………………………………………………………………
Exercise 11b Below are statements about when we need energy. Below are eight options for starting
15 min these statements. Decide which six are correct and write them before the appropriate phrase to
formulate correct statements.
a.
……………………………………………………………………………………………… you’re not moving.
b.
……………………………………………………………………………………………… if you’re asleep or resting.
c.
……………………………………………………………………………………………… keep itself at the right temperature.
d.
……………………………………………………………………………………………… blood around your body.
e.
……………………………………………………………………………………………… energy to digest food.
f.
……………………………………………………………………………………………… uses energy to move.
••
••
••
••
••
••
••
••
Your body uses energy even if…
Your body…
Your heart uses energy to pump…
Your intestines move constantly to…
Your body uses energy to…
Your cells are constantly dividing…
Your body uses energy even…
Your body uses…
Exercise 12a
We need energy for three reasons: maintaining basal metabolism,
15 min supporting diet-inducted thermogenesis and performing physical activity. Complete
Track 5
the following text using these words. Then listen and check.
accounts for (è responsabile per) ∙ amount ∙ carry out (svolgere) ∙ food ∙ organs ∙ total rest
Basal metabolism is the minimum ……………………………………… of energy we need to stay alive - keep our
heart pumping, maintain all our muscles and vital ……………………………………… , transmit neuronal signals
etc. An individual’s rate of basal metabolism is measured after 12 hours of fasting (digiuno) and with the
individual at ……………………………………… . Basal metabolism ……………………………………… approximately
60% of our total daily energy requirements (fabbisogno energetico).
Diet-Induced Thermogenesis (DIT) is the amount of energy we need for ingesting and digesting
……………………………………… . In a balanced diet, thermogenesis is approximately 10% of basal metabolism.
In normal individuals, 30% of the daily energy requirements is used to …………………………… physical activities.
12
Exercise 12b Now consider the sentences you have formulated in exercise 11b, and for each sentence
5 min indicate when energy is being used for basal metabolism (BM), thermogenesis (diet-induced
thermogenesis) and/or physical activity (PA) (some forms of energy consumption could be occurring
simultaneously).
Ting et al. Natural Science.CLIL © Zanichelli 2015 (ISBN: 9788808421241)
7 Energy: Every Calorie Counts
Exercise 12c Using the information in exercise 12a, decide which of the following pie charts (grafico a
5 min torta) correctly represents our total daily energy requirements. Label the segments, indicating the type
and percentage of energy expenditure the segment represents.
1
2
Exercise 13
On average (in media), we need
about
2500
kcal
of energy per day, and this energy
10 min
comes from our intake of food. This pie chart
illustrates the amounts of fats, proteins and
carbohydrates recommended in a healthy diet.
Use this information and the words given below
to complete the following text. Then listen and
check.
3
Nutrients
carbohydrates
30%
proteins
55%
fats
15%
proteins ∙ carbohydrates ∙ 1375 ∙ 750 ∙
greatest ∙ fats
Track 6
According to this pie-chart, carbohydrates should provide the ……………………………………… amount
of our daily caloric needs and ……………………………………… the least. ………………………………………
should provide 30% of our daily energy needs, which, in terms of a 2500 calorie diet would
mean ………………………………………. kcal/day from fats. Therefore, 55% of our intake from
……………………………………… would provide ……………………………………… kcal of energy.
Exercise 14a The following table lists a series of physical activities. Discuss in your groups to decide
25 min which are the two most energy-demanding activities and rank them (classificale) as 1 and 2. Also decide
which are the two least energy-demanding activities: rank them as 9 and 10.
Ranking
Activity
kcal/kg/hour
writing
sleeping
jogging
driving
climbing stairs (salire le scale)
dancing
cycling uphill (ciclismo in salita)
talking
washing dishes
walking on flat terrain
Now listen to the recordings and complete the table with the kcal/kg/hour.
Ting et al. Natural Science.CLIL © Zanichelli 2015 (ISBN: 9788808421241)
Track 7
13
Module 1 Nutrition
Exercise 14b The following histogram helps us organize the activities into increasing order of energy
5 min requirement. Complete the histogram by labeling each bar appropriately.
20
kcal/kg/hour
15
10
5
0
Exercise 15a
Activity
Jane is a small (158 cm & 50 kg) young lady who runs a Bed & Breakfast and studies
20 min economics to make her business more profitable. Jane does a lot of the work at her
B&B, and below is a schedule of how she spends most of her weekdays. Calculate her
energy needs, and then listen and check.
Jane
Track 8
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Basal metabolism
(kcal)
1264
1264
1264
1264
1264
Activities
(4 hours each)
making beds
ironing
cooking
washing
dishes
cooking
washing the
floors
washing
windows
jogging
writing her
thesis
food-shopping
Thermogenesis (kcal)
Calories needed to
perform these tasks
Total energy
requirement
Ironing: 3 kcal/kg/hour; Making beds: 3.3 kcal/kg/hour; Washing the floors: 5 kcal/kg/hour;
Cooking: 3.4 kcal/kg/hour; Washing windows: 3.9 kcal/kg/hour
Exercise 15b Jake, Jane’s husband, manages the “Active Tourist” section of the B&B.
Track 9
20 min Jake weighs 80 kg. How many calories would the following activities consume and
how much potato should Jake eat? 100 g of potato provide 70 kcal of energy. Then listen and check.
Activity
Calories needed
Grams of potato Jake must eat
“Jog-around-Rome”: jogging for 30 minutes
“biking-through-Rome”: cycling for 2 hours
“Disco-Roma”: 5 hours in the disco
skyping with prospective clients
“Shop-til-u-drop”: shopping for 2 hours
14
Ting et al. Natural Science.CLIL © Zanichelli 2015 (ISBN: 9788808421241)