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of the species Loxoconcha diademata is reported, with
the original indication by Ruggieri that the species is
invalid. In the list of the ostracod fauna from the Late
Pleistocene (Tyrrhenian substage) of Gallipoli (Puglia,
southern Italy) Ruggieri (1973) considers his species L.
diademata as a younger synonym of Loxoconcha glabra
Brady. Thus, all the quotation of L. diademata must be
ascribed to Brady’s species. L. glabra was already
signalled and illustrated (a male valve) from the grey sands
of Monte Mario by Cappelli (1905) under the name of
Loxoconcha elliptica Brady (Tab. 2).
L. glabra is a Mediterranean species ranging from
the Pliocene of the Rhone Valley (Carbonnel, 1969;
Carbonnel & Ballesio, 1982) to Recent (Brady, 1866;
Ruggieri, 1953b).
Loxoconcha cf. L. concentrica Bonaduce, Ciampo &
Masoli, 1976
Pl. 9, fig. 7
1976 Loxoconcha concentrica nov. sp. - BONADUCE ET AL., p. 105,
Pl. 60, figs. 8-10.
1976 Loxoconcha concentrica Bonaduce, Ciampo & Masoli BREMAN, p. 66, Pl. 9, fig. 134.
1978a Loxoconcha concentrica Bonaduce, Ciampo & Masoli RUGGIERI, p. 4.
1979 Loxoconcha concentrica Bonaduce, Ciampo & Masoli YASSINI, pp. 369, 387, Pl. 12, figs. 13-15.
Only three small valves (L = 0.36 mm) dubitatively
referable to Loxoconcha cf. L. concentrica for their
scarcity have been recovered in the late Zanclean sample
PNOI 23. Even if it is probably displaced from nearby
shallower environment, since the Zanclean ostracod
assemblages of the Monte Vaticano Fm. testify for a
bathyal environment (Faranda et al., 2007), the recovery
of this species, if confirmed, would extend its
stratigraphic distribution down to the Early Pliocene. In
fact, up to now L. concentrica was known only from
Calabrian (Emilian) (Ruggieri, 1978a) to Recent
(Breman, 1976; Bonaduce et al., 1976; Yassini, 1979).
Genus Palmoconcha Swain & Gilby, 1974
Palmoconcha subrugosa (Ruggieri, 1976)
Pl. 9, fig. 5
1976 Loxoconcha aff. L. agilis Ruggieri - BONADUCE ET AL.,
pp. 102-103, fig. 39, Pl. 65, figs. 9-14.
1976 Loxoconcha aff. L. agilis Ruggieri - CIAMPO, p. 5.
1977 Loxoconcha subrugosa n. sp. - RUGGIERI, pp. 183-184.
1978a Loxoconcha subrugosa Ruggieri - RUGGIERI, pp. 4, 8.
1984 Loxoconcha subrugosa Ruggieri - RUGGIERI, p. 130.
1991 Palmoconcha subrugosa (Ruggieri) - MAYBURY, p. 111.
nec 1998 Palmoconcha subrugosa (Ruggieri) - HAJJAJI ET AL., pp.
215, 229, 231, Tabs. 1-2, Pl. 2, figs. 1-6.
This Mediterranean species is known from the
Calabrian (Emilian, Ruggieri, 1977, 1984; Ciampo, 1976)
to the Recent (Bonaduce et al., 1976, as Loxoconcha aff.
agilis). Its presence in the Monte Mario deposits extends
its stratigraphical distribution down to the early Calabrian
(Santernian p.p.). Hajjaji et al. (1998) signalled this
03 Faranda Gliozzi.pmd
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species from the Late Pleistocene of Rhodes but their
illustrations (Pl. 2, figs. 1-6) do not show the
characteristic postero-ventral ridges that are diagnostic
for the species.
Family CYTHERURIDAE Müller, 1894
Subfamily CYTHERURINAE Müller, 1894
Genus Eucytherura Müller, 1894
Eucytherura vaticana nov. sp.
Pl. 9, fig. 23
Derivatio nominis - From the Monte Vaticano Fm.,
where the species was collected.
Holotype - Left female valve (Pl. 9, fig. 23),
dimensions: L = 0.35 mm; H = 0.18 mm, catalogue
number G.O.C. M101/2/18.
Paratypes - One left male valve (G.O.C. T27/1), one
juvenile (G.O.C. T27/2).
Type locality - Giovanni XXIII gallery, Farnesina,
Rome.
Stratum typicum - Monte Vaticano Fm., sample
PNOI 23.
Age - Late Zanclean (NN16a nannofossil zone, MPl
4a planktonic foraminifer zone).
Diagnosis - Middle-sized Eucytherura characterised
by the presence of tegminal pits, narrow and elongated in
the anterior area and wider and irregular in the posterior
part.
Description - In external lateral view the female
valves show a sub-rhomboidal outline, with straight dorsal
margin inclined posteriorly and feebly arched ventral
margin not parallel to the dorsal one. The latero-ventral
ridge is present and encompasses the postero-ventral
margin. Rather rectilinear and not arched anterior margin,
which joins the dorsal margin with a right angle. Posterior
outline with a protruding strong beak at 3/4 of the height.
The valve surface is inflated in correspondence of the
latero-ventral wing, the eye-tubercle is evident but not
protruding. The ornamentation is made by several pits,
tegminal in nature, narrow and very elongated anteriorly
and wider and irregular in the posterior surface of the
valve. The area corresponding to the muscle scars is not
well visible, but here the pits are smaller. In
correspondence with the antero-dorsal angle a V-shaped
ridge is evident. The surface nearby the anterior border
and the beak surface are smooth.
Dimensions (mm) female LV
L = 0.35
male LV
L = 0.34
H = 0.18
H = 0.19
Comparisons - Eucytherura vaticana nov. sp. is
close to E. textilis Ruggieri, 1962b for the dimensions,
type of ornamentation and for the tegminal in nature pits,
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but the latter species shows a more rhomboidal and stout
outline and a remarkably arched anterior margin.
Genus Pseudocytherura Dubowsky, 1939
Pseudocytherura miliciae Ruggieri & D’Arpa, 1992
Pl. 10, figs. 4, 9
1992 Pseudocytherura miliciae nov. sp. - RUGGIERI & D’ARPA, pp.
118-121, figs. 3-4.
Few female juvenile valves (L = 0,71 mm) of this
species have been recovered in few samples. Up to now
the species was recovered only from the Piacenzian of
Altavilla (Sicily), thus the recovery of P. miliciae in the
Monte Mario Fm. extends its stratigraphic distribution
up to Calabrian (Santernian).
Genus Semicytherura Wagner, 1957
Semicytherura acuticostata ventricosa (Müller, 1894)
Pl. 10, fig. 3
1894 Cytherura ventricosa nov. sp. - MÜLLER, p. 292, Pl. 18,
figs. 1, 5; Pl. 19, fig. 11.
1952a Cytherura acuticostata Sars - RUGGIERI, p. 84, Pl. 5, figs. 6-7.
1972 Semicytherura acuticostata ventricosa (Müller) UFFENORDE, p. 89, Pl. 11, figs. 8, 10; Pl. 12, fig. 7.
1976 Semicytherura acuticostata (Sars) - BONADUCE ET AL., p. 69,
Pl. 40, figs. 1-5.
1976 Semicytherura acuticostata ventricosa (Müller) - BREMAN, Pl.
10, fig. 153.
1978b Semicytherura ventricosa (Müller) - RUGGIERI, p. 169.
1980 Semicytherura acuticostata (Sars) - COLALONGO & PASINI, p.
66, Pl. 28, fig. 2.
1986 Semicytherura acuticostata ventricosa (Müller) - MOSTAFAWI,
pp. 280, 282-283, Pl. 3, fig. 45.
1989 Semicytherura acuticostata ventricosa (Müller) - LACHENAL,
pp. 29-31, 50, 58, 60-61, 187, Pl. 5, fig. 20.
1992 Semicytherura acuticostata ventricosa (Müller) - RUGGIERI,
p. 184.
1994 Semicytherura ventricosa (Müller) - DANATSAS, p. 105, Pl. 4,
figs. 9-10.
2004 Semicytherura acuticostata ventricosa (Müller) - RUGGIERI &
D’ARPA, p. 171.
Müller ’s species has been often confused or
considered younger synonym of Semicytherura
acuticostata (Sars, 1866), as suggested by Ruggieri
(1952a, 1953b). According to Uffenorde (1972)
Semicytherura ventricosa must be considered a valid
taxon and represents the Mediterranean subspecies of the
Atlantic S. acuticostata. This opinion has been accepted
also by Ruggieri (1992) and is followed in the present
paper. The differences between the nominal subspecies
and S. a. ventricosa are visible in the ornamentation: more
EXPLANATION OF PLATE 9
figs. 1-2
figs. 3-4
fig. 5
figs. 6, 8-9
fig. 7
fig. 10
figs. 11-12
fig. 13
figs. 14-16
fig. 17
fig. 18
figs. 19-21
fig. 22
fig. 23
fig. 24
fig. 25
- Loxoconcha ovulata (Costa, 1853), sample RM 5.
1 - RV, lateral external view.
2 - LV, lateral external view.
- Loxoconcha rubritincta Ruggieri, 1964, sample RM 7.
3 - Male RV, lateral external view.
4 - Female LV, lateral external view.
- Palmoconcha subrugosa (Ruggieri, 1977), RV, lateral external view, sample PNOI 11.
- Palmoconcha turbida (Müller, 1894).
6 - Female RV, lateral external view, sample PNOI 21.
8 - Female LV, lateral external view, sample PNOI 21.
9 - Male LV, lateral external view, sample PNOI 21.
- Loxoconcha cf. L. concentrica Bonaduce, Ciampo & Masoli, 1976, LV, lateral external view, sample PNOI 23.
- Loxocauda decipiens (Müller, 1894), RV, lateral external view, sample PNOI 28.
- Sagmatocythere napoliana (Puri, 1963), sample RM 7.
11 - RV, lateral external view.
12 - LV, lateral external view.
- Sagmatocythere versicolor (Müller, 1894), LV, lateral external view, sample PNOI 11.
- Paracytheridea hexalpha Doruk, 1980.
14 - LV, dorsal view, sample PNOI 45.
15 - LV, lateral external view, sample RM 7.
16 - RV, lateral external view, sample RM 7.
- Parahemingwayella tetrapteron (Bonaduce, Ciampo & Masoli, 1976), RV, lateral external view, sample PNOI 18.
- Eucytherura gullentopsi Ruggieri, 1952, RV, lateral external view, sample RM 7.
- Eucytherura patercoli Mistretta, 1967, sample PNOI 45.
19 - LV, lateral external view.
20 - RV, lateral external view.
21 - Carapace, dorsal view.
- Eucytherura gibbera Müller, 1894, LV, lateral external view, sample RM 7.
- Eucytherura vaticana nov. sp., holotype, LV, lateral external view, sample PNOI 23.
- Hemicytherura gracilicosta Ruggieri, 1953, RV, lateral external view, sample RM 5.
- Microxestoleberis xenomys (Barbeito-Gonzalez, 1971), RV, lateral external view, sample PNOI 46.
Scale bar = 0.1 mm.
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evident primary ornamentation with longitudinal costae
in S. a. acuticostata in comparison with S. a. ventricosa
whose secondary reticulation meshes are more evident.
The Mediterranean S. acuticostata ventricosa is known
from the Piacenzian (MPl 5) of Altavilla (Sicily, Ruggieri
& D’Arpa, 2004) to Recent (Uffenorde, 1972).
Semicytherura intorta (Terquem, 1878)
Pl. 10, fig. 13
1878 Cythere intorta n. sp. - TERQUEM, p. 111, Pl. 13, figs. 3a,b.
1975 Semicytherura kaloderma n. sp. - BONADUCE & PUGLIESE, pp.
1, 3-6, Pl. 1, figs. 1-3.
1976 Semicytherura kaloderma Bonaduce & Pugliese - BONADUCE
ET AL., pp. 73-74, Pl. 42, figs. 14-15.
1988 Semicytherura kaloderma Bonaduce & Pugliese - BONADUCE
ET AL., pp. 452-453, 461, 465, Pl. 1, fig. 7.
1989a Semicytherura intorta Terquem - MOSTAFAWI, pp. 129-130,
Pl. 3, figs. 51-52.
1993 Semicytherura kaloderma Bonaduce & Pugliese - NACHITE
ET AL., p. 33.
1997 Semicytherura kaloderma Bonaduce & Pugliese - BARRA, p. 87.
According to Mostafawi (1989a) the recent species
S. kaloderma Bonaduce & Pugliese (1975) is younger
synonym of Terquem’s species, thus S. intorta ranges
from Zanclean (Nachite et al., 1993) to Recent (Bonaduce
et al., 1976; Bonaduce & Pugliese, 1977; Barra, 1997)
in the Mediterranean area.
Semicytherura inversa (Seguenza, 1880)
Pl. 10, fig. 14
1880 Cytherura inversa n. sp. - SEGUENZA, p. 365, Pl. 17, figs.
51, 51a.
1894 Cytherura cribriformis nov. sp. - MÜLLER, pp. 295-296,
Pl. 17, figs. 1, 6; Pl. 19, fig. 10.
1900 Cytherura inversa Seguenza - NAMIAS, p. 109, Pl. 15,
fig. 24.
nec 1971 Semicytherura inversa - BARBEITO-GONZALEZ, p. 297, Pl.
25, figs. 1b, 2b (= Semicytherura velata Ciampo, 1986).
nec 1972 Semicytherura inversa - UFFENORDE, p. 90, Pl. 10, fig. 7
(= Semicytherura velata Ciampo, 1986).
nec 1972 Semicytherura inversa - SISSINGH, p. 145, Pl. 12, fig. 4 (=
Semicytherura velata Ciampo, 1986).
1972 Semicytherura inversa - RUGGIERI, p. 107.
1976 Semicytherura cribriformis - CIAMPO, p. 5.
nec 1976 Semicytherura inversa - BONADUCE ET AL., pp. 72-73, Pl.
42, figs. 1-5 (= Semicytherura biciemmei Ruggieri, 1991).
1976 Semicytherura cribriformis - BONADUCE ET AL., p. 73, Pl.
42, figs. 6-10.
1980 Semicytherura inversa - YASSINI, p. 112, Pl. 11, fig. 5.
1981 Semicytherura inversa - MOSTAFAWI, pp. 167-168, Pl. 15,
figs. 1-2.
1985 Semicytherura inversa - STAMBOLIDIS, pp. 227-228, Pl. 8,
fig. 12.
1991 Semicytherura inversa - RUGGIERI, pp. 70-71, fig. 11.
1992 Semicytherura inversa - CIAMPO, p. 237.
nec 1994 Semicytherura inversa - DANATSAS, pp. 104, 130, 144,
Pl. 4, figs. 18-19 (= Semicytherura velata Ciampo, 1986).
nec 1998 Semicytherura inversa - HAJJAJI ET AL., pp. 144, 216, 218,
Pl. 3, fig. 15 (= Semicytherura biciemmei Ruggieri, 1991).
EXPLANATION OF PLATE 10
figs. 1-2
- Pseudocytherura calcarata (Seguenza, 1880), sample PNOI 45.
1 - LV, dorsal view.
2 - LV, lateral external view.
fig. 3
- Semicytherura acuticostata ventricosa(Müller, 1894), LV, lateral external view, sample PNOI 45.
figs. 4, 9
- Pseudocytherura miliciae Ruggieri & D’Arpa, 1992, sample RM 7.
4 - RV, lateral external view.
9 - LV, dorsal view.
figs. 5-7
- Semicytherura alifera Ruggieri, 1959.
5 - Female RV, lateral external view, sample RM 5.
6 - Male RV, lateral external view, sample PNOI 45.
7 - Female LV lateral external view, sample PNOI 45.
figs. 8, 10-11 - Semicytherura incongruens (Müller, 1894), sample RM 5.
8 - Female RV, lateral external view.
10 - Female LV, lateral external view.
11 - Male LV, lateral external view.
fig. 12
- Semicytherura dispar (Müller, 1894), female LV, lateral external view, sample RM 7.
fig. 13
- Semicytherura intorta (Terquem, 1878), LV, lateral external view, sample PNOI 33.
fig. 14
- Semicytherura inversa (Seguenza, 1880), LV, lateral external view, sample PNOI 45.
figs. 15-16 - Semicytherura marialuisae nov. sp., sample RM 5.
15 - Holotype, female RV, lateral external view.
16 - Male LV, lateral external view.
fig. 17
- Semicytherura paradoxa (Müller, 1894), RV, lateral external view, sample RM 7.
fig. 18
- Semicytherura rara (Müller, 1894), LV, lateral external view, sample PNOI 47.
figs. 19-21 - Semicytherura rarecostata Bonaduce, Ciampo & Masoli, 1976.
19 - Female RV, lateral external view, sample RM 5.
20 - Female LV, lateral external view, sample PNOI 21.
21 - Male LV, lateral external view, sample PNOI 25.
figs. 22-24 - Semicytherura ruggierii (Pucci, 1956), sample PNOI 21.
22 - Female RV, lateral external view.
23 - Male LV, dorsal view.
24 - Female LV, lateral external view.
Scale bar = 0.1 mm.
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1998 Semicytherura cribriformis - HAJJAJI
218, Pl. 3, fig. 1.
ET AL.,
pp. 216,
Often this species has been confused with
Semicytherura velata Ciampo, 1986, thus the above
reported synonymy is far from being complete. S.
incongruens is certainly known from Zanclean, (MPl 2,
Ciampo, 1992) to Recent (Guernet, 2005). It has not been
possible to check the record of this species in the early
Messinian of S. Giovanni in Galilea (Romagna, northern
Apennines, Ruggieri, 1972), because the species is not
figured. Ruggieri (1991) retains S. cribriformis (Müller,
1894) as a younger synonym of S. inversa.
Semicytherura marialuisae nov. sp.
Pl. 10, figs. 15-16
1980 Semicytherura cf. inversa - COLALONGO & PASINI, pp. 48, 66,
Pl. 28, fig. 3.
Derivatio nominis - In memory of Maria Luisa
Colalongo.
Holotype - Right female valve (Pl. 10, fig. 15),
dimensions L = 0.40 mm; H = 0.19 mm; catalogue number
G.O.C. M114/4/13.
Paratypes - One left male valve (G.O.C. M109/2/4).
Type locality - Giovanni XXIII gallery, Farnesina,
Roma.
Stratum typicum - Monte Mario Fm., Sabbie grigie
ad Arctica islandica Member, sample RM5.
Description - In external lateral view the female valve
shows a sub-trapezoidal outline. The dorsal and ventral
margins are straight and sub-parallel, the anterior margin
is narrowly rounded and the posterior margin shows a
short caudal beak located above the middle height. The
lateral surface is densely reticulated with low little costae
sub-parallel to the dorsal border. Other little costae,
perpendicular to those, concur to build a sub-rectangular
reticulated ornamentation over the entire valve surface.
The rectangular meshes are finely pitted. The small
antero-posterior costae are more irregular in the ventral
zone. The eye tubercle is visible and smooth.
Dimensions (mm) female RV
L = 0.40
male LV
L = 0.41
H = 0.18
H = 0.19
Comparisons - Semicytherura marialuisae nov. sp.
is included in the S. inversa group; it is close to S. velata
Ciampo, 1986 for the similar reticulation and
dimensions, but the new species shows a more rectilinear
dorsal margin and the horizontal costae are sub-parallel
to the dorsal margin. Moreover, S. velata shows a more
developed wing, the meshes are less densely pitted and
the size is slightly larger. S. inversa shows a more faint
reticulation, a more arched dorsal margin, a less dense
punctuation and larger size. Semicytherura cf. S. inversa
of Colalongo & Pasini (1980) collected in the Calabrian
(Santernian and Emilian) of Vrica must be referred to this
new species.
Semicytherura rarecostata Bonaduce, Ciampo &
Masoli, 1976
Pl. 10, figs. 19-21
Age - Calabrian (Santernian p.p.).
Diagnosis - A species of Semicytherura
characterised by the presence of a light reticulation made
by numerous pits within each mesh.
1972 Semicytherura cf. S. rara - UFFENORDE, pp. 92, 120, Pl. 11,
figs. 1, 3.
1976 Semicytherura rarecostata n. sp. - BONADUCE, CIAMPO &
MASOLI, pp. 76-77, Pl. 46, figs. 10-12.
1976 Semicytherura aff. S. rara - BREMAN, Pl. 11, fig. 162.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE 11
fig. 1
fig. 2
fig. 3
fig. 4
fig. 5
fig. 6
figs. 7-8
fig. 9
fig. 10
fig. 11
fig. 12
fig. 13
fig. 14
fig. 15
fig. 16
fig. 17
fig. 18
- Cytheropteron (Cytheropteron) circumactum Colalongo & Pasini, 1980, RV, lateral external view, sample PNOI 21.
- Cytheropteron (Cytheropteron) depressum Brady & Norman, 1889, LV, lateral external view, sample RM 7.
- Cytheropteron (Cytheropteron) latum Müller, 1884, RV, lateral external view, sample PNOI 45.
- Cytheropteron (Cytheropteron) monoceros Bonaduce, Ciampo & Masoli, 1976, RV, lateral external view, sample PNOI 11.
- Cytheropteron (Cytheropteron) omega Aiello, Barra & Bonaduce, 1996, LV, lateral external view, sample PNOI 12.
- Cytheropteron (Cytheropteron) ruggierii Pucci, 1956, LV, lateral external view, sample PNOI 11.
- Cytheropteron (Cytheropteron) sulcatum Bonaduce, Ciampo & Masoli, 1976.
7 - RV, lateral external view, sample PNOI 47.
8 - RV, lateral external view, sample PNOI 25.
- Cytheropteron (Cytheropteron) venustum Bonaduce, Ciampo & Masoli, 1976, RV, lateral external view, sample PNOI 14.
- Cytheropteron (Aversovalva) denticulatum Aiello, Barra & Bonaduce, 1996, LV, lateral external view, sample PNOI 18.
- Paradoxostoma abbreviatum Sars, 1866, RV, lateral external view in transmitted light, sample RM 7.
- Paradoxostoma ensiforme Brady, 1868, LV, lateral external view in transmitted light, sample RM 7.
- Cytherois uffenordei Ruggieri, 1975, RV, lateral external view, sample PNOI 21.
- Paracytherois striata Müller, 1894, LV, lateral external view in transmitted light, sample RM 7.
- Argilloecia minor Müller, 1894, LV, lateral external view, sample PNOI 23.
- Argilloecia spissa Barra, Aiello & Bonaduce, 1996, LV, lateral external view, sample PNOI 47.
- Argilloecia kissamovensis Sissingh, 1972, RV, lateral external view, sample PNOI 14.
- Argilloecia sp. 1, LV, lateral external view, sample PNOI 14.
Scale bar = 0.1 mm.
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1976 Semicytherura rarecostata - CIAMPO, pp. 4-5.
1988 Semicytherura rarecostata - BONADUCE ET AL., pp. 453-454,
461, 463.
1989a Semicytherura rara - MOSTAFAWI, p. 129, Pl. 2, fig. 43.
2001 Semicytherura rarecostata - ARBULLA ET AL., pp. 27, 30-31.
This species includes some forms identified as
Semicytherura rara (Müller, 1894) by several authors.
S. rarecostata is reported from the Early Pleistocene
(Calabrian) of Rhodes (Mostafawi, 1989a) to Recent
(Bonaduce et al., 1976; Arbulla et al., 2001) in the
Mediterranean area.
Subfamily CYTHEROPTERINAE Hanai, 1957
Genus Cytheropteron Sars, 1866
Subgenus Cytheropteron Sars, 1866
Subgenus Aversovalva Hornibrook, 1952
Cytheropteron (Aversovalva) denticulatum Aiello,
Barra & Bonaduce, 1996
Pl. 11, fig. 10
1985 Cytheropteron nov. sp. 1 - BONADUCE & SPROVIERI, p. 132, Pl.
1, fig. 5.
1996b Cytheropteron (Aversovalva) denticulatum nov. sp. - AIELLO
ET AL., pp. 167-168, fig. 1, Pl. 1, figs. 14-15; Pl. 3, fig. 7.
C. (A.) denticulatum was recovered with few valves
in samples PNOI 14, PNOI 18, PNOI 23 referable to the
Monte Vaticano Fm. This species is known only from
Pliocene (MPl 4-MPl 5 partim) of Monte S. Nicola
(Sicily) (Bonaduce & Sprovieri, 1985 = Cytheropteron
nov. sp. 1; Aiello et al., 1996b).
Cytheropteron (Cytheropteron) depressum Brady &
Norman, 1889
Pl. 11, fig. 2
Family XESTOLEBERIDIDAE Sars, 1928
1868 Cytheropteron subcircinatum Sars - BRADY, p. 447, Pl. 34,
figs. 39-42 (nec Sars, 1866).
1889 Cytheropteron depressum sp. nov. - BRADY & NORMAN, p. 218,
Pl. 20, figs. 22-23.
1989 Cytheropteron depressum Brady & Norman - ATHERSUCH ET
AL., pp. 224, fig. 93, Pl. 8, fig. 2.
Xestoleberis erecta Namias, 1900
Pl. 12, figs. 5-6
At present this littoral species is distributed only
along the southern coast of the British Islands (Athersuch
et al., 1989) and has never been signalled in the
Mediterranean. Thus, it can be considered a “northern
guest” and its presence in samples RM 7 and RM 5
confirms that the Sabbie grigie ad A. islandica Member
deposited in a cold climatic stage.
Genus Xestoleberis Sars, 1866
1900 Xestoleberis depressa Sars var. erecta n. v. - NAMIAS, p. 109,
Pl. 15, fig. 23.
1905 Xestoleberis depressa var. erecta Namias - CAPPELLI, p. 323,
Pl. 1, fig. 40.
This species, established by Namias on the Farnesina
material, is at present known only from this locality, thus
its stratigraphical distribution is for the moment
restricted to the Calabrian (Santernian p.p.).
EXPLANATION OF PLATE 12
figs. 1-2, 4 - Xestoleberis communis (Müller, 1894), sample RM 5.
1 - LV, lateral external view.
2 - RV, lateral external view.
4 - RV, lateral external view.
fig. 3
- Xestoleberis plana (Müller, 1894), RV, lateral external view, sample PNOI 45.
figs. 5-6
- Xestoleberis erecta Namias, 1900, sample RM 5.
5 - LV, lateral external view.
6 - LV, lateral external view.
fig. 7
- Bythocythere zetlandica Athersuch, Horne & Whittaker, 1983, LV, lateral external view, sample PNOI 45.
figs. 8, 11 - Bairdoppilata profunda Aiello, Barra & Bonaduce, 2000, sample PNOI 23.
8 - RV, lateral external view.
11 - LV, lateral external view.
fig. 9
- Pontocypris cf. P. frequens (Müller, 1894), juvenile LV, lateral external view, sample RM 5.
fig. 10
- Neonesidea mediterranea (Müller, 1894), RV, lateral external view, sample PNOI 11.
figs. 12-13 - Bythocypris obtusata producta (Seguenza, 1880), sample PNOI 23.
12 - RV, lateral external view.
13 - LV, lateral external view.
Scale bar = 0.1 mm.
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Genus Microxestoleberis Müller, 1894
Microxestoleberis xenomys (Barbeito-Gonzalez,
1971)
Pl. 9, fig. 25
1971 Xestoleberis? xenomys nov. sp. - BARBEITO-GONZALEZ, p. 320,
Pl. 43, figs. 1a, 2a, 3a.
1974 Xestoleberis? xenomys Barbeito-Gonzalez - GRECO ET AL., p.
174.
1976a Xestoleberis? xenomys Barbeito-Gonzalez - RUGGIERI, p. 94.
1985 Microxestoleberis xenomys (Barbeito-Gonzalez) - MELIS &
PUGLIESE, p. 7, Pl. 3, fig. 6.
1988 Microxestoleberis xenomys (Barbeito-Gonzalez) - BONADUCE
ET AL., pp. 457, 461.
1989 Microxestoleberis xenomys (Barbeito-Gonzalez) - LACHENAL,
pp. 32, 201, 238, 239, Pl. 7, fig. 5.
The species is known from late Calabrian (Sicilian,
Greco et al., 1974) to Recent (Barbeito-Gonzalez, 1971)
in the Mediterranean area (Lachenal, 1989 with refs.),
thus its recovery within the Monte Mario sands extends
its stratigraphical distribution down to the early Calabrian
(Santernian p.p.).
Family BYTHOCYTHERIDAE Sars, 1866
Genus Bythocythere Sars, 1866
Bythocythere zetlandica Athersuch, Horne &
Whittaker, 1983
Pl. 12, fig. 7
1900 Cythere gibbosa Brady & Robertson - NAMIAS, p. 101, Pl.
15, fig. 7.
1983 Bythocythere zetlandica sp. nov. - ATHERSUCH ET AL., p. 73,
figs. 4 l-n, 5c, Pl. 2, figs. 5-8.
1989 Bythocythere zetlandica Athersuch, Horne & Whittaker,
1983 - ATHERSUCH ET AL., p. 250, fig. 106.
Very few specimens of B. zetlandica have been
recovered in samples RM 6 and PNOI 45, referable
respectively to the Sabbie grigie ad A. islandica and to
the lower portion of the Sabbie gialle con panchina of
the Monte Mario Fm. It is the first finding of this species
as fossil. Up to now, B. zetlandica is known as living in
the northern Atlantic Ocean and in the North Sea, around
the British coasts. Its presence in the Calabrian
(Santernian p.p.) of Monte Mario suggests that it
represents a “northern guest”. This species had yet been
collected by Namias (1900) in the Monte Mario grey
sands and erroneously identified as Cythere gibbosa
Brady & Robertson (1869) (Tab. 2).
Family PARADOXOSTOMATIDAE Brady & Norman, 1889
Genus Paradoxostoma FISCHER, 1855
Paradoxostoma abbreviatum SARS, 1866
Pl. 11, fig. 11
1866 Paradoxostoma abbreviatum sp. nov. - SARS, p. 94.
1985 Paradoxostoma abbreviatum Sars - HORNE & WHITTAKER, pp.
138-141, figs. 2A-F, 3A-H, 39A, B (with refs.).
1989 Paradoxostoma abbreviatum Sars - ATHERSUCH ET AL., pp.
47, 278-279, fig. 119.
The types of this species come from the Norwegian
fjords. The species is living around the British Islands,
Norway, Baltic Sea, and in the southern North Sea (Horne
& Whittaker, 1985). Its present geographical distribution
and its presence in the Argille grigie ad A. islandica
Member suggests that this species can be considered a
Pleistocene “northern guest”.
Paradoxostoma ensiforme Brady, 1868
Pl. 11, fig. 12
1868 Paradoxostoma ensiforme sp. nov. - BRADY, (pars) pp.
460-461, ? Pl. 35, figs. 8-11.
1905 Paradoxostoma ensiforme Brady - CAPPELLI, p. 329, Pl.
10, fig. 53.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE 13
figs. 1-3
- Propontocypris micropuntigera Ruggieri & D’Arpa, 1993.
1 - LV, lateral external view, sample PNOI 45.
2 - RV, lateral external view, sample RM 6.
3 - RV, lateral inner view, sample PNOI 45.
fig. 4
- Ilyocypris getica Masi, 1906, RV, lateral external view, sample PNOI 42.
fig. 5
- Ilyocypris gibba (Ramdohr, 1808), RV, lateral external view, sample PNOI 42.
fig. 6
- Candona (Neglecandona) neglecta Sars, 1887, RV, lateral external view, sample PNOI 42.
fig. 7
- Pseudocandona marchica (Hartwig, 1899), juvenile RV, lateral external view, sample PNOI 27.
fig. 8
- Cypria ophtalmica (Jurine, 1820), RV, lateral external view, sample PNOI 26.
figs. 9-10, 12-13- Phlyctenophora affinis (Schneider, 1953), sample RM 6.
9 - LV, lateral external view.
10 - RV, detail of the muscle scars of specimen illustrated in fig. 13.
12 - RV, lateral external view.
13 - RV, lateral inner view.
fig. 11
- Potamocypris zschokkei (Kaufmann, 1900), RV, lateral external view, sample PNOI 42.
fig. 14
- Potamocypris fallax Fox, 1967, LV, lateral external view, sample PNOI 49.
fig. 15
- Trajancypris clavata (Baird, 1838), juvenile RV, lateral external view, sample PNOI 33.
fig. 16
- Heterocypris salina (Brady, 1868), RV, lateral external view, sample PNOI 42.
Scale bar = 0.1 mm.
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1985 Paradoxostoma ensiforme Brady - HORNE & WHITTAKER,
pp. 149-152, figs. 9A-G, 10A-I, 38E, F (with refs.).
1989 Paradoxostoma ensiforme Brady - ATHERSUCH ET AL., pp. 47,
277, 284, 285, fig. 122.
P. ensiforme has been re-described by Horne &
Whittaker (1985) on the basis of Brady’s syntypic
material. In particular, these authors designated the
lectotype, coming from Plymouth. This species is living
at present around the British Isles, in Norway and on the
northern coasts of France. Its geographical distribution
suggests that it is another Pleistocene “northern guest”.
Cappelli (1905) signals the presence of P. ensiforme from
the Quaternary deposits of Calabria (Seguenza, 1880).
Seguenza established on a single collected valve the
subspecies P. ensiforme tenue, but he did not figure it. In
its revision of the Seguenza’s papers, Ruggieri (1991)
does not mention neither the species nor the subspecies.
Genus Paracytherois Müller, 1894
Paracytherois striata Müller, 1894
Pl. 11, fig. 14
1894 Paracytherois striata nov. sp. - MÜLLER, p. 325, Pl. 22, figs.
10-11, 13, 15-16, 19, 21.
1976 Paracytherois striata Müller, 1894 - BONADUCE ET AL., p. 122.
1976 Paracytherois striata Müller, 1894 - CIAMPO, p. 5, Pl. 7, fig. 11.
This Mediterranean species has been up to now
recovered from Calabrian (Emilian, Ciampo, 1976) to
Recent (Bonaduce et al., 1976). Its presence at Monte
Mario extends its stratigraphical distribution down to
early Calabrian (Santernian p.p.).
Suborder CYPRIDOCOPINA Baird, 1845
Superfamily PONTOCYPRIDOIDEA Müller, 1894
Family PONTOCYPRIDIDAE Müller, 1894
Genus Pontocypris Sars, 1866
Pontocypris cf. P. frequens (Müller, 1894)
Only few juvenile valves referable to Pontocypris have
been dubitatively referred, for their large size (1.02 mm)
to the species of Müller, 1894, known only from its
recovery in the recent sediments of the Gulf of Naples.
Genus Propontocypris Sylvester-Bradley, 1947
Propontocypris micropuntigera Ruggieri & D’Arpa,
1993
Pl. 13, figs. 1-3
1900 Macrocypris trigona? Seguenza var. levis n. v. - NAMIAS, pp.
87-88, Pl. 14, fig. 6.
1905 Macrocypris trigona var. laevis Namias - CAPPELLI, p. 308,
Pl. 9, fig. 7.
1979 Bythocypris sp. - YASSINI, p. 375, Pl. 10, figs. 4-5.
1993 Propontocypris micropuntigera nov. sp. - RUGGIERI & D’ARPA,
pp. 204, 206, Pl. 1, figs. 4-5.
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Ruggieri & D’Arpa (1993) established this new
species on the basis of some valves recovered from
the Piacenzian of Altavilla (Sicily). Anyway, Yassini
(1979) figures two valves of a living Bythocypris sp.
from Algeria, identical to those of P. micropuntigera
and to those of Monte Mario. Thus, this Mediterranean
species seems to range from Piacenzian to Recent.
Genus Argilloecia Sars, 1866
Argilloecia kissamovensis Sissingh, 1972
Pl. 11, fig. 17
1972 Argilloecia kissamovensis nov. sp. - SISSINGH, p. 81, Pl. 4,
figs. 1-2.
1981 Argilloecia robusta Bonaduce, Ciampo & Masoli - TSAPRALIS,
Pl. 12, fig. 9.
1985 Argilloecia kissamovensis Sissingh - BONADUCE & SPROVIERI,
Pl. 2, fig. 8.
1986 Argilloecia kissamovensis Sissingh - CIAMPO, pp. 47, 106,
Tabs. 1-6.
1990 Argilloecia kissamovensis Sissingh - CARBONNEL, pp. 61, 65,
Tab. 3, Tab. 5, Pl. 4, fig. 15.
1992 Argilloecia kissamovensis Sissingh - CIAMPO, p. 229, Tab. 1.
1998 Argilloecia kissamovensis Sissingh - HAJJAJI ET AL., pp. 217218.
2000 Argilloecia kissamovensis Sissingh - AIELLO ET AL., p. 106,
fig. 3, Tab. 1.
2001 Argilloecia kissamovensis Sissingh - AIELLO & BARRA, p. 98,
Tab. 1.
2001 Argilloecia kissamovensis Sissingh - BARRA & BONADUCE, p. 72.
Several adult and juvenile valves of this species have
been collected in all the Monte Vaticano Fm. samples.
Sissingh (1972) arose this species on material coming
from the Kissamou Fm. (Crete) referable to the Late
Miocene (Tortonian-early Messinian). Barra & Bonaduce
(2001) report A. kissamovensis from the late Langhianearly Serravallian of Malta; Ciampo (1986) collected this
species in Piedmont, Calabria and Sicily, with the same
stratigraphic distribution; Bonaduce & Sprovieri (1985)
gave the first record of A. kissamovensis in the early
Zanclean. The presence of this species in the Pliocene is
confirmed by Ciampo (1992) from the Ionian coast of
Calabria and by Aiello et al. (2000) from Monte San
Nicola (Sicily). Within the Pliocene, the species seems
to span from MPl 1 to MPl 5 partim and in the Gelasian
[A. kissamovensis has been recovered at Rhodes (Hajjaji
et al., 1998)]. According to Aiello et al. (2000) the
specimens of Argilloecia robusta Bonaduce, Ciampo &
Masoli signalled by Tsapralis (1981) in the Pleistocene
(Calabrian) of Zakyintos must be referred to A.
kissamovensis, but they must be considered as reworked.
Argilloecia sp. 1
Pl. 11, fig. 18
Only 2 valves (one damaged and partially encrusted)
coming from sample PNOI 14 (Monte Vaticano Fm.) are
ascribed to this probably new taxon, characterised by large
size (L = 0.60 mm) and very elongated proportion (H/L
= 0.37) not comparable with any other known species of
Argilloecia. In comparison with Argilloecia
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subreniformis? Seguenza, collected by Namias (1900)
and Cappelli (1905) in the grey sands of Monte Mario,
the valves referred to Argilloecia sp. 1 are smaller,
proportionally more elongated and the dorsal and ventral
borders are only slightly arched and sub-parallel. The
scanty material prevents to compare more deeply the
Monte Mario valves, so they are left in open
nomenclature. Anyway, the valves figured by Namias
(1900, Pl. 14, fig. 4) and Cappelli (1905, Pl. 1, fig. 3)
are not to be referred to the genus Argilloecia, but are
instars of Phlyctenophora affinis (Tab. 2). In any case,
from the comparison with the specimen figured by
Seguenza (1883, Pl. 1, fig. 5) with the name Argilloecia
subreniformis we can exclude that our specimens can
be ascribed to Seguenza’ species.
Family CANDONIDAE Kaufmann, 1900
Subfamily PARACYPRIDINAE Sars, 1923
Genus Phlyctenophora Brady, 1880
Phlyctenophora affinis (Schneider, 1953)
Pl. 13, figs. 9-10, 12-13
1850 Cytherina arcuata (von Münster) - REUSS, p. 51, Pl. 8, fig. 7
[nec Cythere arquata von Münster 1830, p. 63 (= Aglaiocypris
arquata (von Münster)].
1900 Bythocypris bosquetiana Brady - NAMIAS, p. 88, Pl. 14, fig. 8
(juvenile specimen).
1900 Argilloecia subreniformis? Seguenza - NAMIAS, p. 87, Pl. 14,
fig. 4 (juvenile specimen).
1900 Macrocypris tumida Brady - NAMIAS, p. 88, Pl. 14, fig. 7.
1905 Argilloecia subreniformis Seguenza - CAPPELLI, p. 306, Pl. 9,
fig. 3 (juvenile specimen).
1905 Macrocypris tumida Brady - CAPPELLI, p. 308, Pl. 9, fig. 8.
1953 Aglaia affinis nov. sp. - SCHNEIDER, p. 107, Pl. 1, figs. 4 a, b.
1969 Phlyctenophora arcuata (von Münster) - RUSSO, pp. 16-17,
figs. 2-4 (with refs.).
1976a Phlyctenophora arcuata (von Münster) - RUGGIERI, p. 92.
1978 Phlyctenophora aff. affinis (Schneider) - BRESTENSKÁ &
JIRICEK, pp. 408, 436, Tab. 16, Pl. 8, figs. 1-3.
1985 Bythocypris arcuata (von Münster) - CARBONEL, p. 314, Pl.
95, figs. 2-3.
1985 Bythocypris arcuata (von Münster) - ZELENKA, p. 246, Pl. 4,
figs. 7-9.
2001 Phlyctenophora arcuata (von Münster) - DALL’ANTONIA &
BOSSIO, pp. 408, 410, Pl. 3, figs. 6-7.
2004 Phlyctenophora affinis (Schneider) - AIELLO & SZCZECHURA,
pp. 14-16, Pl. 1, figs. 9-11; Pl. 16, fig. 7 (with refs.).
2006 Phlyctenophora affinis (Schneider) - GROSS, pp. 88-90, Pl.
52, figs. 1-10.
This species has a rather complicate nomenclatorial
history, partly already resolved by Aiello & Szczechura
(2004). For a long time it has been included in
Phlyctenophora arcuata (von Münster, 1830), but von
Münster’s species shows different internal characters
(particularly the vestibular structure and the marginal pore
canals) and the mistake in the identification is due to the
fact that von Münster never figured these characters.
In 1830 von Münster established the species Cythere
arquata, without illustrations (von Münster, 1830, p. 63).
Roemer (1838) referred this species to the genus
Cytherina, giving for the first time a figure (Pl. 6, fig.
17) but not showing the particulars of the internal
characters, and in the figure caption this species was
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written as Cytherina arcuata (von Münster) Roemer
(with the letter “c” and not “q”). The Cythere arquata
1830 syntypes from the Oligocene of Osnabrück were
revised by Malz (1987) who gave good illustrations and
referred them to the genus Aglaiocypris [Aglaiocypris
arquata (von Münster 1830) Malz] for the presence of a
small vestibulum and straight and simple marginal pore
canals. Reuss (1850) listed and figured (Pl. 8, fig. 7)
some specimens from the Badenian of the Vienna Basin
with the name Cytherina arcuata [sic] (von Münster).
Anyway, these specimens had a marginal area completely
different from the one illustrated afterwards by Malz for
von Münster’s syntypes, and, in particular, they were
characterised by wide vestibules and branched marginal
pore canals. Thus, Reuss (1850) did not find the species
of von Münster, but a new species. Anyway, for a long
time his figures were the only referable to von Münster’s
species and Russo (1969) (after having seen the
hypotypes from the Vienna Basin studied by Reuss) on
the basis of the characters of the marginal area rightly
assigned the species “arcuata” von Münster to the genus
Phlyctenophora. Schneider (1953) described with the
name Aglaia affinis, a species with wide vestibules and
branched marginal pore canals that Brestenská & Jiricek
(1978) referred to the genus Phlyctenophora. P. affinis
(Schneider) is identical to the specimens that Reuss, in
1850, had erroneously referred to von Münster. Thus the
specimens referred to C. arcuata sensu Reuss, 1850 or
P. arcuata sensu Russo (1969) and Ruggieri (1976a)
must, instead, be referred to Phlyctenophora affinis
(Schneider). According to Aiello & Szczechura (2004),
who, for the first time, clarified the taxonomy of this
species, P. affinis would be limited to the Miocene. But
with the name P. arcuata, Ruggieri (1976a) reports this
species from the Calabrian (Emilian) of Cinisi (Sicily).
Moreover, the same author recognises the identity
between his specimens and those collected at Monte
Mario (Calabrian, Santernian p.p.) by Namias (1900) but
referred by this latter author to Macrocypris tumida Brady
(Tab. 2). Already Russo (1969), had dubitatively
recognized the possible synonymy between its P. arcuata
and some specimens collected by Namias (1900) at Monte
Mario and referred to Bythocypris bosquetiana Brady
(Tab. 2). In this paper Argilloecia subreniformis
Seguenza, reported both by Namias (1900) and Cappelli
(1905) have been recognized as juvenile specimens of P.
affinis (Tab. 2). Thus, the species Phlyctenophora affinis
(Schneider) spans in the Mediterranean area from the
Early Miocene (Carbonel, 1985), Badenian [Vienna Basin,
(Brestenská & Jiricek, 1978; Gross, 2006) and Poland
(Aiello & Szczechura, 2004)], to the Calabrian (Emilian)
of Sicily (Ruggieri, 1976a).
REVISION OF NAMIAS (1900) AND CAPPELLI
(1905) PAPERS
The ostracod faunas of the Monte Mario area were
already known through two important papers dated to the
beginning of the XX century: Namias (1900) and Cappelli
(1905). They report respectively 51 and 68 species.
Unfortunately, the stratigraphical location of the samples
studied by these authors is not known with certainty.
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Namias (1900) studied the ostracods collected in the
level “N. 3 della successione stratigrafica indicata da
A. Neviani nella sua memoria…”. Neviani (1895, p. 87)
writes: “N.3: Sabbie argillose grigie ricche di fossili,
della Farnesina e Monte Mario, che giungono sino alla
Valle dell’Inferno”. These sands lay conformably over
“argilla glauconifera con Dioplodon Farnesinae Cap.
[= Mesoplodon farnesinae (Capellini)]”, cropping out
“in una cava poco a Nord di Villa Madama”. According
to Neviani “questa argilla si deve sincronizzare colle
sovrastanti”. In the Monte Mario succession, studied and
re-sampled in the present paper, Cosentino et al. (in press)
recognised a grey muddy-clayey level, 2 m thick, rich in
glauconite at the base of the Limi di Farneto Member,
just above the unconformity which divides the Pliocene
Monte Vaticano Fm. from the Pleistocene Monte Mario
Fm. (samples PNOI 11 and PNOI 21 of the present
paper). Thus, it is not clear if the sample studied by
Namias (1900) could be part of the Limi di Farneto
(which, in the portion without glauconite are not so rich
in macrofossils) or of the overlying member (Sabbie
grigie ad Arctica islandica).
Concerning the micropalaeontological study by
Cappelli (1905), the author states that his ostracod faunas
come from the “strato a sabbie argillose grigie della
Farnesina, strato detto dai geologi romani, classico”.
He writes that these sands lay unconformably on grey
clayey sands and are conformably overlain by yellow
Tab. 2 - Synoptic table of the ostracod faunas listed by Namias (1900), Cappelli (1905) and this paper.
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sands. Neviani (1895), writing about the stratigraphy of
the Farnesina and Monte Mario deposits, describes as
the 5th level: “Sabbie gialle […] da ritenersi, però, nel
loro complesso, sincrone colle sabbie grigie e costituenti
il così detto strato classico contenente la fauna fossile
di Monte Mario”. Thus, it seems that the ostracods
analysed by Cappelli (1905) could came from the Sabbie
grigie ad Arctica islandica Member.
The recent sampling of the Monte Mario Fm. yielded
a new large ostracod collection that, in part, can substitute
the historical collections of Namias (1900) and Cappelli
(1905), which are lost. Anyway, the two collections did
not give the identical ostracod fauna. For example, in this
paper five new species have been established: Ionicythere
planocostata nov. sp., Callistocythere dubia nov. sp.,
Aurila (Aurila) diversofoveolata nov. sp.,
Semicytherura marialuisae nov. sp. and Eucytherura
vaticana nov. sp., two of which were collected in the same
levels probably studied by the old authors, and, in the same
stratigraphical level the presence of four “northern
guests” was recognised, three of which not mentioned
by those authors. On the contrary, some species reported
by Namias (1900) and Cappelli (1905) are not present in
our new collection. In Tab. 2 the taxonomical revision of
the ostracod fauna collected by Namias (1900) and
Cappelli (1905) is reported. In some cases this revision
consists only in a taxonomical updating, in other cases
the discussion of Namias’s and Cappelli’s species has been
reported in the previous section, but the revision and some
comments on few species not recovered during the new
sampling, is reported hereafter.
Cythere acupunctata Brady var. distincta Namias
reported both by Namias (1900) and Cappelli (1905)
cannot be referred to Brady’s species (today
Cytheromorpha acupunctata). The specimens figured in
Pl. 15, figs. 1-2 (Namias, 1900) and Pl. 9, fig. 16
(Cappelli, 1905) are juvenile specimens that, for the
presence of a dense and irregular pitting with pits enlarging
in the ventral area and arranged longitudinally, could be
ascribed to juvenile specimens of Cistacythereis rubra
(Müller), Cistacythereis celatura (Ulicznyi), Celtia
quadridentata (Brady) or, even, Urocythereis sororcula
(Seguenza).
Cythere emaciata Brady reported by Cappelli (1905)
is referable to the genus Cistacythereis. Unfortunately
Cappelli’s figures (Pl. 9, fig. 24 and Pl. 10, fig. 24a) are
not good, but they show a rectilinear posterior margin
similar to C. rubra (Müller) and not irregular as in C.
cebrenidos (Uliczny) and the presence of small pits close
to the anterior margin that lack in C. cebrenidos in which
two distinct fossae are visible.
Cythere foveolata Seguenza var. intermedia n. var.
(Namias, 1900) and Cythere foveolata Seguenza reported
by Cappelli (1905) are both referable to the genus Celtia
Neale, 1973. In the present paper it has been recovered
C. quadridentata, but this species differs from the
figures of the old authors for the shape of the posterior
border. According to Namias (1900), its variety is close
to Cythere biflexa Terquem (today Celtia biflexa).
Unfortunately the figures by Namias and Cappelli are not
so good to compare them with the known species of Celtia
characterised by a rectilinear posterior border, such as
C. biflexa (Terquem) or C. cephalonica (Uliczny).
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Cythere Jonesi Baird var. ceratoptera Bosquet,
figured by Namias (1900) in Pl. 14, fig. 30 is a juvenile
specimen of Pterygocythereis jonesii (Baird), while in
Pl. 14, fig. 29, with the same name, the authors figured
an adult specimen of Pterygocythereis coronata
(Roemer). Concerning Cappelli (1905), the valves of
Cythere Jonesii Baird figured in Pl. 9, figs. 10, 10a are
adults of Pterygocythereis coronata (Roemer), while
those figured in Pl. 9, figs. 11, 11a as Cythere Jonesii
var. ceratoptera Bosquet must be referred to juvenile
specimens of Pterygocythereis jonesii (Baird).
Notwithstanding the confusion, both Namias and Cappelli
recovered at Monte Mario both Pterygocythereis
species.
Cythere latimarginata Speyer, figured by Cappelli
(1905) (Pl. 10, fig. 31) must be probably referred to
Muellerina problematica (Seguenza).
The figures of Cytherella punctata Brady by Namias
(1900, Pl. 15, fig. 26) and Cappelli (1905, Pl. 10, fig.
55) show entirely pitted valves and this character does
not match any species of Cytherella recovered in the
present paper. They are similar to Cytherella punctata
Brady, living in the eastern Mediterranean.
Pontocypris compressa Seguenza and Pontocypris
trigonella Sars are listed but badly figured by Namias
(1900, Pl. 14, figs. 1-2). Comparing them with the
original illustrations of the holotypes of those species
no similarity seems recognisable. In the present paper
few juvenile valves of Pontocythere cf. P. frequens
(Müller) have been recovered, which shows the same
dimensions of the valve figured by Namias.
STRATIGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE
SPECIES RECOVERED AT MONTE MARIO
The stratigraphical distributions in the Mediterranean
area of the ostracods identified in the Monte Mario
succession are reported in the range chart of Fig. 2. This
figure allows some considerations on the future
contribution that ostracods could give to the PlioPleistocene biostratigraphy, particularly when the marine
littoral environment is considered. In this environment,
in fact, neither the calcareous nannofossils nor the
planktonic foraminifers are frequent or represented by
rich assemblages, while the benthonic foraminifers,
which, on the contrary, are abundant, cannot be referred
to a very updated and detailed biostratigraphic scheme
(Colalongo & Sartoni, 1979). The possibility in the future
to integrate ostracod and benthonic foraminifer
biostratigraphies could better detail the biostratigraphy
of the Plio-Pleistocene interval.
Sixty-one ostracod species recovered at Monte Mario
are of Miocene origin. They disappeared from the
Mediterranean during the Messinian Salinity Crisis and
the subsequent lago-mare episode (Hsü et al., 1973; Cita,
1973; Benson, 1976, 1986, 1990) and re-entered the
Mediterranean from the Atlantic during the Early Pliocene
after the restoration of the Gibraltar connection 5.33 Ma
ago (Lourens et al., 1996). More interesting is the
stratigraphical distribution of the fifty-five Pliocene
species. Although few literature data on ostracods report
the calibration of the deposit ages with calcareous
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Bollettino della Società Paleontologica Italiana, 47 (3), 2008
Fig. 2 - Stratigraphical distribution in the Mediterranean area of the ostracod species recognised in the Monte Mario succession.
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C. Faranda, E. Gliozzi - Ostracods of the Plio-Pleistocene Monte Mario succession
Fig. 2 - continue.
03 Faranda Gliozzi.pmd
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Bollettino della Società Paleontologica Italiana, 47 (3), 2008
nannofossils or planktonic/benthonic foraminifers, there
are evidences that Pliocene ostracods appeared in
different times and that their FAD and LAD could be used
for biostratigraphic purposes. Even if the majority of the
Pliocene species encompass the Plio/Pleistocene
boundary, some of them are limited to restrict Pliocene
intervals, such as Parakrithe acuta, Cytheropteron (C.)
omega, Cytheropteron (A.) denticulatum, Eucytherura
vaticana nov sp., Parakrithe lata and Krithe exigua.
Among the twenty-five Pleistocene ostracods, eleven
species are limited to the Early Pleistocene (Calabrian):
Aurila (A.) cruciata, Cytheropteron (C.) depressum and
Mediocytherideis (S.) virgula from the Calabrian;
Semicytherura marialuisae nov. sp., Ionicythere
planocostata nov. sp., Ruggieria longecarenata, Aurila
diversofoveolata nov. sp., Xestoleberis erecta,
Bythocythere zetlandica, Paradoxostoma abbreviatum
and Paradoxostoma ensiforme are fossil species that have
been recovered only from the Santernian. Among these,
four species (Cytheropteron (C.) depressum,
Bythocythere zetlandica, Paradoxostoma abbreviatum
and Paradoxostoma ensiforme are living “cold guest”
recognised for the first time in the Mediterranean in the
Monte Mario Santernian.
PALAEOCLIMATIC CONSIDERATIONS
The ostracod faunas described in this paper are the
data set used for the palaeoenvironmental analyses of the
whole Monte Mario successions proposed by Faranda et
al. (2007). In their study they have recognised, within the
whole Monte Mario Fm. four marine shallowing-up
episodes (three localised in the Limi di Farneto-Sabbie
gialle con panchina Mbs. and the uppermost included in
the Argille, sabbie e limi con Cerastoderma Mb.). The
last three episodes evolve towards marginal marine
environments characterised by variable depths and
salinities. In correspondence of the two lower members
(Limi di Farneto and Sabbie grigie ad Arctica islandica)
they recognised two cool or cold episodes: the first, at
the base of the Limi di Farneto, is testified by the presence
of the cold mollusc Arctica islandica (Linnaeus), while
the second, in correspondence with the sabbie grigie, is
testified by several “northern guests” both among
molluscs [Arctica islandica, Cochlodesma praetenue
(Pultney) and Buccinum humphreysianum Bennet
(Malatesta & Zarlenga, 1986)] and ostracods
(Cytheropteron depressum, Bythocythere zetlandica,
Paradoxostoma abbreviatum and Paradoxostoma
ensiforme). Faranda et al. (2007) the depositional interval
of the Monte Mario Fm. was constrained between 1.601.59 Ma, owing to the presence of the benthic foraminifer
Bulimina etnea (FO at ?1.60 Ma as reported by AGIP).
Anyway, the age of this FO is not certain [according to
Barbieri et al. (1998) it could be either 1.62 Ma or 1.67
Ma] so, in this paper, we refer to the nannofossil
biozonation as proposed by Cosentino et al. (in press).
Owing to the biostratigraphical constrains of the Monte
Mario Fm. to the Early Pleistocene (CalabrianSanternian p.p. comprised between 1.67 Ma for the
absence among calcareous nannofossil of C. macintyrei
and 1.59 Ma for the absence of large Gephyrocapsa)
Fig. 2 - continue.
03 Faranda Gliozzi.pmd
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C. Faranda, E. Gliozzi - Ostracods of the Plio-Pleistocene Monte Mario succession
(Cosentino et al., in press) it is possible to further limit
the sedimentation of the Monte Mario Fm. as follows:
the deposition of the Limi di Farneto and of the Sabbie
grigie ad Arctica islandica members, bearing “cold
guests” could be linked to the cold Oceanic Isotopic Stage
58 (Lourens et al., 2004); the uppermost member of the
Monte Mario Fm. (Argille, sabbie e limi con
Cerastoderma), bearing Mediocytherideis (Sylvestra)
virgula, considered by Bonaduce et al. (1990) a “warm
guest” that widespread in the Mediterranean during the
warm oscillations of the Santernian, could be linked to
the warm OIS 55.
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Manuscript received 26 March 2008
Revised manuscript accepted 10 October 2008
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