From CUORE to CUORICINO - Weizmann Institute of Science

From CUORICINO to CUORE
The bolometric way to
double beta decay
Maria Martinez
INFN Milano-Bicocca
on behalf of the CUORE collaboration
PANIC08 EILAT November 2008
1. The bolometric way to
OUTLINE
OUTLINE
DBD0v
2. CUORICINO: Experiment description and results
3. Towards CUORE experiment
4. The next step: CUORE-0
5. Conclusions
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The bolometric way to DBD0v
DBD0v
A second order weak deay:
DBD 2 : (A,Z)  (A,Z+2) + 2e- + 2 e
Observed
t1/2 ~ 1020-2021 y
DBD 0 : (A,Z)  (A,Z+2) + 2eIf observed, it implies:
 is a Majorana particle
 Aboslute mass scale
• effective Majorana mass:
m=|∑kmkhk|Uek|2|
±1 if CP conserved
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Mixing matrix
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• Light Majorana  mediated DBD0 decay rate:
2
m

 G(Qbb,Z) |M
2
1/t01/2 =
|
bb0
me 2
Nuclear Matrix
elements
UNCERTAIN!!
Phase space  Qbb5
• Sensitivity: lifetime corresponding to the minimum detectable number
of events over background at a given confidence level
source mass
t
0
1/2 
e i.a.
A
energy
resolution
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live time
M ∙ tmeas
½
DE∙bkg
background
level
PANIC08 EILAT. November 2008
The bolometric way to DBD0v
DBD0v Expected rate and Sensitivity
Heidelberg-Moscow claim
t1/20 = (0.69 – 4.18) 1025 y (3s)
<m> = 0.24 - 0.58 eV
Klapdor-K et al. Phys. Lett. B 586 (2004) 198-212
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PANIC08 EILAT. November 2008
The bolometric way to DBD0v
DBD0v. Present situation
Heat sink
Thermal
coupling
The bolometric way to DBD0v
The bolometric technique
SOURCE = DETECTOR
(CALORIMETER)
Thermometer
incident
particle
Crystal
absorber
The energy release is measured as:
DT = E/C
T ~ 10 mK
• Very good energy resolution
• Wide choice of materials
• Hybrid detectors
(heat+light, heat+ionization)
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CUORICINO
CUORICINO
The largest bolometric experiment operated up to now
62 TeO2 bolometers
Qbb
i.a.(%)
The material: TeO2
OPERATION TEMPERATURE ~9 mK
The bb emitter: 130Te
• Can be grow to large size
• Good intrinsic radiopurity
• Good bolometric performances
NTD thermistor
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11 modules, 4 detector each
Crystals: 5x5x5 cm3, 790 g
Nitrogen
overpresure
CUORICINO
CUORICINO SETUP
Dilution unit
20 cm lowbackground lead
Neutron
shielding
(10 cm
borated
PET)
Cold finger
~10 mK
2 modules, 9 detector each
Crystals: 3x3x6 cm3, 330 g
2 enriched in 128Te (82.3%)
2 enriched in 130Te (75%)
CUORICINO TOWER
40.7 kg of TeO2
11.34 kg 130Te
10 cm roman
lead
(<4mBq/kg
210Pb)
1.2 cm roman
lead
(<4mBq/kg
210Pb)
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CUORICINO
CUORICINO @ LNGS
Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (ITALY)
(3500 m.w.e. )
From March 2003 to June 2008
CUORICINO
CUORE
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Duty cycle ~ 60%
Average FWHM resolution
@2615 keV : ~ 8 keV
(5x5x5 cm3 crystals)
Typical calibration spectra (232Th)
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CUORICINO
CUORICINO PERFORMANCES
g+g
60Co
CUORICINO
CUORICINO BACKGROUND @ ROI
Q0bb
(2533 keV)
Bkg @ DBD0n region =
0.18±0.01 c/keV/kg/y
(ainticoincidence spectrum,
5x5x5 cm3 crystals)
30 ± 5 % 232Th in cryostat
20 ± 5 % TeO2 surface
50 ± 10 % Cu surface
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PANIC08 EILAT. November 2008
60Co
sum peak
2505 keV
~ 3 FWHM from
DBD Q-value
MT = 15.53 kg 130Te  y
CUORICINO
CUORICINO RESULTS
130Te
0bb
to be published
previous result Phys. Rev. C 78 (2008) 035502
No evidence for
DBD0
observed
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t1/20 (130Te) > 3.1  1024 y
(90% c.l.)
m *< 0.20 – 0.68 eV
*NME from the review table of QRPA calculation in Rodin et al Nucl. Phys. A 766,107 (2006)
+ Erratum nucl-th:0706.4304v1
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t
0
1/2 (HM
Claim)
130Te
t
0
1/2
CUORICINO
CUORICINO RESULTS Vs HM CLAIM
Predicted range
Cuoricino 3.1x1024 y
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Cryogenic Underground Observatory for Rare Events
A second generation experiment with the
possibility of exploring most of the inverted
hierarchy
Array of 988 detectors
closely packed in 19 cuoricino-like towers
Towards CUORE
CUORE
741 kg TeO2
200 kg 130Te
GRANULARITY
SELF-SHIELDING
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PANIC08 EILAT. November 2008
t
0
1/2

M ∙ tmeasc
DE∙bkg
CUORICINO BACKGROUND
½
Towards CUORE
CUORE PROSPECTS
M = 20 x MCUORICINO
tmeasc = 5 x tCUORICINO
DE = 5 keV = 1.6 x DECUORICINO
Main sources of background in CUORICINO:
232Th in cryostat
Better shielding
CUORE Tl line bkg = < 10-3 c/keV/kg/y
TeO2 surface
Proper surface treatments
Hall C measured contamination < 3 10-3 c/keV/kg/y
Surfaces facing
detectors
Work ongoing
Hall C measured contamination ~ 2/4 10-2 c/keV/kg/y
Conservative
Aggressive
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Towards CUORE
CUORE STATUS
CUORE has a dedicated site in LNGS and the construction has started
The refrigerator is fully funded and has already been ordered
1000 crystals are funded by INFN and DoE and the delivery will start in Nov
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Towards CUORE
CUORE SCHEDULE
CUORE has a dedicated site in LNGS and the construction has started
The refrigerator is fully funded and has already been ordered
1000 crystals are funded by INFN and DoE and the delivery will start in Nov
2008:
Hut construction
Crystals production
2009:
Utilities
Clean room
External Shielding
Cryostat Installation
and commissioning
2010-11: Detector assembly
Faraday Cage
Front-end & DAQ
2012:
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Data taking
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The first tower of CUORE
The next step : CUORE-0
The next step: CUORE-0
52 crystals TeO2, 750 g each
To be installed in CUORICINO cryostat during 2009
Expected sensitivity:
CUORE-0
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CONCLUSIONS
CONCLUSIONS
• Neutrinoless double beta decay seraches can fix the absolute mass scale of the
neutrino and determine its nature (Dirac or Majorana).
• CUORICINO has operated @ LNGS from March 2003 to June 2008 with
excellent performances, demonstrating the feasibility of a large scale bolometric
detector.
• The statistics acquired until August 2007, corresponding to a total exposure of
15.53 kg 130Te  yr , show no evidence of DBD0, resulting in a lower bound
0 (130Te)≥ 3.1 × 1024 yr . The corresponding upper bound on the effective
Majorana mass of the electron neutrino is 0.20-0.68 eV.
t1/2
• CUORE is the only second generation DBD0 experiment in construction phase.
It could explore most of the inverted hierarchy region.
•CUORE-0, “the first tower of CUORE”, will be installed @ LNGS during 2009
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THE CUORE COLABORATION
M. Barucci, L. Risegari, and G. Ventura
Dipartimento di Fisica dell' Università di Firenze e Sezione di Firenze dell' INFN,
Firenze I-50125, Italy
S.Di Domizio1,2, A.Giachero1,3, P. Ottonello1,2, M.Pallavicini1,2 and D.Torazza1,2
1 Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universita' diGenova e
2 Sezione di Genova dell'INFN, Genova I-16146, Italy
3 Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, I-67010, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
M. Balata, C. Bucci, P. Gorla, S.Nisi, D.Orlandi, E.L.Tatananni, C.Tomei, and C.Zarra
Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, I-67010, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
E.Andreotti, L.Foggetta, A. Giuliani, M. Pedretti, C.Rusconi and C.Salvioni
Dipartimento di Fisica e Matematica dell'Università dell'Insubria e
Sezione di Milano dell' INFN, Como I-22100, Italy
A.De Biasi, G. Keppel, V. Palmieri and V. Rampazzo
Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Via Romea 4, I-35020 Legnaro (Padova)
F. Alessandria
Sezione di Milano dell'INFN, Milano I-20133, Italy
]
C. Arnaboldi1,2, C. Brofferio1,2, S. Capelli1,2, L. Carbone2, M.Carrettoni1,2,
M.Clemenza1,2,
O. Cremonesi2, E. Ferri1,2, E. Fiorini1,2, L.Gironi1,2, S.Kraft1,2, C.Maiano1,2, C.Nones1,2,
A. Nucciotti1,2, L. Pattavina1,2, M. Pavan1,2, G. Pessina2, S. Pirro2, E. Previtali2,
D.Schaeffer1,2, M. Sisti1,2 and L.Zanotti1,2
1 Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università di Milano-Bicocca e
2 Sezione di Milano dell'INFN, Milano I-20126, Italy
R. Ardito and G. Maier
Dipartimento di Ingegneria Strutturale del Politecnico di Milano, Milano I-20133, Italy
F.Bellini, C.Cosmelli, I.Dafinei, R.Faccini, F.Ferroni, C.Gargiulo, E.Longo, S. Morganti,
M. Olcese and M.Vignati
Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universita' di Roma La Sapienza e
Sezione di Roma dell'INFN, Roma I-00185, Italy
M.M.Deninno, N.Moggi, F.Rimondi, and S.Zucchelli
Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universita' di Bologna e Sezione di Bologna dell'INFN, Bologna I40126, Italy
M.Martinez
Lab. of Nucl. and High Energy Physics, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
A. de Waard adnG. Frossati
Kamerling Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, 2300 RAQ, Leiden, The Netherlands
J. Beeman1, A.Bryant2,3, M.P.Decowski2,3, S.J.Freedman2,3, E.Guardincerri2,
E.E. Haller1,4, R.Kadel5, L.Kogler2,3, Yu.G.Kolomensky3,5, A.R. Smith2 and N. Xu2
1Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory,Berkeley, CA 94720
2Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory,Berkeley, CA 94720
3Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
4Department of Materials Science and Engineering,U. of California at Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
5Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory,Berkeley, CA 94720
M.J. Dolinski1,3, K.Kazkaz1, E.B. Norman1,2 and N.D.Scielzo1
1 Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550 USA
2 Department of Nuclear Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
3 Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
H.Z. Huang, S. Trentalange, C. Whitten Jr.
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1547.
T.D. Gutierrez
California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA
F.T. Avignone III, I. Bandac, R.J. Creswick, H.A. Farach, C.Martinez, L.Mizouni and C.
Rosenfeld
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia S.C. 29208 USA
L.Ejzak, K.M.Heeger, R.H.Maruyama and S.Sangiorgio
University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706 USA
Y.Ma, X.Cai, D.Fang, W.Tian and H.Wang
Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics (Chinese Academy of Sciences), Shanghai, China
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SPARE
SPARE
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PROJECTED CUORE HUT @ LNGS HALL A
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PANIC08 EILAT. November 2008
Towards CUORE
CUORE HUT
SPARE
SPARE
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SPARE
SPARE
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