Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani and Elite School of Optometry

Ocular Physiology Course Schedule: Jan – May 2013
Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani
and
Elite School of Optometry
(Unit of Medical Research Foundation, Chennai)
B S OPTOMETRY
First Year - Second Semester – Academic Year (2012 – 2013)
COURSE HANDOUT
COURSE NO.
: OPTO ZC152
COURSE TITLE
: OCULAR PHYSIOLOGY
INSTRUCTOR
: Dr Parthopratim Majumdar and Ms G Rajalakshmi
1. SCOPE AND OBJECTIVE : The study of Ocular Physiology is basic and fundamental in optometry
curriculum. The object of the course is to make the students understand thoroughly the functional
mechanisms of the visual apparatus.
2. TEXT BOOK
:
1) ADLER H : Physiology of the eye – Clinical Application, 4th Ed., The C.V. Mosby Co., St.Louis, 2003.
2) A.K.Khurana, Indu Khurana. Anatomy and physiology of eye. CBS publishers & distributors
REFERENCE BOOK
:
1) DAVSON H: Physiology of the eye, 4th Ed.
2) System of Ophthalmology, Vol.4, Sir Steward Duke Elders
3. COURSE PLAN
S. No
:
Topics
1 Protective mechanism in eye. Eyelids and lacrimation
 Description of globe
 Opening and closing movements
No of
lectures
 Blinking mechanism, Blepharospasm, Bell's phenomenon
 Palpebral fissure and its importance
 Tearfilm composition and its dynamics
 Assessment of tearfilm function
2 Extraocular muscles
 Actions of all EOM
 Ocular movements (ductions, versions, torsions, vergences)
 Saccades, pursuits
 Supranuclear ocular motor neural pathway
3 Cornea
 Biochemical composition of cornea
 Corneal metabolism
 Corneal transparency and hydration
 Endothelial pump mechanism
4
3
3
Ocular Physiology Course Schedule: Jan – May 2013
4 Aqueous humour and IOP
 Drainage mechanism and secretion of aqueous
 Chemical composition of aqueous
 Blood aqueous barrier and its importance
 Factors affecting IOP
 Measurement of IOP
5 Iris and Pupil
 Autonomic nervous system & iris nerve supply
 Pupillary reflexes
 Abnormalities of pupillary reflexes
 Pharmacology of the pupil
6 Lens, Accommodation, Presbyopia
 Biochemistry of lens
 Lens transparency
 Mechanism of accommodation
 Changes during accommodation
 Amplitude of accommodation and convergence
 Presbyopia
7 Vitreous, Retina, Electrophysiology
 Vitreous composition and its abnormalities
 Photochemistry of vision
 Neurophysiology of vision
 Introduction to electrophysiology
8 Visual stimulus, Refractive error
 Myopia
 Hyperopia
 Astigmatism
9 Visual acuity
 Definition
 Visual angle
 Quality of retinal image (spherical, chromatic aberrations,
Diffraction)
 Visual acuity testing and measurements
10 Visual perception
 Binocular vision
 Stereoscopic vision
 Optical illusions
11 Visual pathway
 Central & cerebral connexion
 Lesions of pathway and their effects
12 Color vision
 Trichromatic theory
 Color oponent theory
 Types of color vision defects
2
2
2
4
2
2
2
2
1
Ocular Physiology Course Schedule: Jan – May 2013
OCULAR PHYSIOLOGY - PRACTICALS
S No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Topics
LIDS:
Observation of lashes and eyebrows under magnification
Measurement of the palpebral fissure- vertical and horizontal
Rate of blinking
Observation – Menace and dazzle reflex – Aural blinking
TEARS :
Observation of the tear film and marginal tear strip
Observation of tear glands and puncta
Tear break up time
Schirmer’s test
Syringing
EXTRA OCULAR MUSCLES:
Assessment of the action of LPS
Assessment of extraocular muscle movement
CORNEA:
Examination of Cornea
Measurement of corneal diameter – Horizontal visible iris diameter (HVID)
To test for corneal sensitivity
IOP:
Tonometry
IRIS and PUPIL :
Examination of the iris
Measurement of pupillary diameter
Assessing pupillary reflexes
LENS :
Examination of the crystalline lens
Measurement of accommodation
Visual acuity measurement
Stereopsis
COLOR VISION :
Screening test for detecting color vision defects
Evaluation Component Schedule:
Component
Month
EC – I, II & III
Comp. Exam
Feb, March
and April
May
INSTRUCTOR IN CHARGE
Pattern
Continuous Assessment
Written – Three Hours
Marks
60
40