The 1981 Articles Nlost

Essays of an Information Scientist, Vol:6, p.373-383, 1983
The
Number
Current Contents, #46, p.5-15, November 14, 1983
1981 Articles Nlost Cited
in 1981 and 1982.
2. Physical Sciences
46
November
ThM is the latest in a series of essays in
which we examine papers that become
highly cited shortly after publication.
Presumably, papers which have an immediate impact upon the research community, as indicated by rapid citation,
point to “where the action is” in science.
In this essay, we list those 1981 papers in
the physical sciences which were among
the most cited in 1981 and 1982. Recently, we published the comparable list for
the life sciences. I
Table 1 presents the 101 papers in thk
study. They are listed alphabetically by
first author, rather than by number of
citations. The purpose of this arrangement is to inhibit invidious comparisons
among papers on the basis of citation
frequency. Of course, these papers are
not necessarily
the “best” research.
Many seminal papers not listed here will
eventually be highly cited. However, the
evidence is clear from earlier studies that
most of the papers we do detect by thk
“early warning system” prove to be classics. And they persist as core papers in
the research fronts they help to identify
in the first place.
Most of the 4,000,000 papers and
books cited in Science Citation Index@
(SCP ) each year receive one or two citations over a two-year period. However,
the papers in Table 1 received an average of 41 citations: eight in 1981, and 33
in 1982. The most-cited paper received
92 citations, while the least cited received 30.
As with the 1981 life sciences papers, 1
we have chosen not to group these pa-
14,1983
pers under traditional disciplinary subject headings.
Such headings are at
times arbitrary, and always subjective.
Instead, we used the same automatic
class~lcation
scheme which helps us
identify thousands
of research
fronts
each year by processing SCI. Briefly, a
research front is a group of current papers which cite a smaller group of objectively determined core papers identified
by a single-link, co-citation
clustering
routine.
I have described
co-citation
clustering previously.z
research
Last year, we introduced
fronts as a new way of searching our index to Scient~ic Reviews m (Z.SR‘“).s
Eighty-three
of the papers in Table 1
have already been incorporated
into the
core literature of ISR research fronts.
Table 2 lists the names and numbers of
research
fronts
which
are
those
represented by at least two papers in this
study. The numbers
of the relevant
research fronts in Table 2 follow the
author addresses in Table 1.
Four of the papers identfiled as core
papers in ZSR research fronts are also
core papers for research fronts in 1S1/
GeoSciTech ‘M, our onliie data base
covering the earth sciences. Of these,
three appear in research front #81-0986,
“Observation of plasma waves near Saturn.” The other paper appears in research front #81-0803, “Electrostatic
shocks and auroral particle
acceleration. ”
An additional four papers in Table 1
cite into one or more of the cores of various research fronts, including one pa373
Tafda 1: The 1981 physical sciences articles most cited in 1981-1982. The authors’ addresses follow each citation. Code
numbers indicate the ISR ‘n research front specialties for which these are core papers. Code numbers with a . indicate the
ISllGeoSciTech
m research front specialties for which these are con papers. Code numbers with one asterisk indicate
!SI/Compu Math * research front specialties for which these are citing papers. Code numbers with two astcrkks indicate
LSI/Geo.SciTech
research front specialties
for which these are citing papers. A = number of citations received,
1981.
B= number of citations received,
1982. C= lotal number of citations received.
1981-1982.
ABC
Bfbfiogmphlc
7
30
5
34
8
32
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17
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12
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27
12
45
13
31
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23
10
23
17
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37
Data
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31
12
80
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34
5
25
30
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29
30
10
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52
15
32
47
20
17
37
32724
10
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17
55
72
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87
9
37
46
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4
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31
19
14
33
15
22
37
5
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33
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LaR ue G S, Phillips J D & Fairbank W M. Ohsewaffon of fractional charge of (f /3)e on matter. Phys.
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376
ABC
I
31
32
6
31
37
!4
39
53
10
30
40
10
26
36
5
42
47
‘9
25
34
15
28
43
19
21
40
1
31
32
7
28
35
4
33
37
2
29
31
3
29
32
0
32
32
{2
24
36
Matteucci M D & Caruthers M H. Syntbes& of deoxyolfgmmckot fdea
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and field dependence.
Phys. Rev B—Condense-d
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Phys. Rev. C—NW(
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kmsymbeak of methymycfm
erythromycfn.
kuk.mtrkne C-1, .IUJ dhpmfme.
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1981. Univ. Stockholm,
Inst. Theor. Phys., Stockholm: Lund Univ
Chcm. C1r Phys. Chem. 2.
Lund, Sweden; Unit, Oslo, Dept. Chem,, Oslo, Norway. 83-1761
Smith B A, %Jerblom L, Beebe R, Boyce J. Briggs G, Bunker A, Collins S A, Hansen C 1. Johnson
TV, Mitchell J L, Terrik R J, Cam M, Cook A F, Cuzzi J, Pollack J B, Danielson G E. Ingersoll A.
Da*ies M E, Hunt G E, Masursky H, Shoemaker E. Morrison D, Owen T, Sagan C. Ve,erka J.
Strom R & Suomi V E. Encounter wkb Wurn: Voyager 1 kaagfmg acknce resuJ:s. Science
212: f63-9J, 1981. Uni\. Arizona, Dept. Planet. Sci. & Lunar Planet. Lab.. Tucson: US Geol. Survey.
Flagstaff, AZ; New Mexico State Univ., Dept. Asmon., Las Cruces, NM; NASA Headquarters,
Wmhingtcm, DC: Harvard. Smithsonian C[r, Astrophy s., Cambridge, MA; LIS Geol. Sumey, Menlo
Park, CA: NASA ?Ames Res. Ctr., Moffett Field: Calif. Inst. Technol., Di\. Geol. PJanet. Sci. and
Jet Propulsion Lab., Pasadena: Rand Carp. Santa Monica. CA; Univ. CoIl. London, London. LIK:
Univ. Hawaii, Inst. Astron., Honol.J.,
HI: SUNY, Dept. Earth Space Sci Stony Brook: Cornell
Univ
Ithaca, NY; Univ. Wisconsin, Madison, WI. 83-1234
.
II
19
30
0
39
39
9
29
38
14
17
31
16
25
41
10
28
38
23
57
Ml
.
377
.
Bfbllogmphlc
ABC
4
26
30
12
21
33
I
33
34
11
31
42
21’
41
62
9
29
38
4
43
47
8
32
40
14
17
3!
03434
7
27
34
3
43
46
13
23
36
Data
Surnum D J & Vickernmn J C. F.st atom bos!dmdment
cfuadrupo!e mass spectr.mnetry. J Chem. S.C
Chem. Commun
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[JK .834763
Sw+menburg B N, Bennett K, Bignami G F, B.ccheri
R, Caravco P, Hermsen W, Kanbach G, Llchtl
G G, Masnou J L, Mayer-Hassclwander
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Astrophys., Munich, Inst. Extraterrew’ial
Phys., Garching by Munich, FRG: %clay N“cl Res. Cm
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fhyl. t,4,S,8.tefn.
sefermfulvalenfmnl
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(TMTSF12 PF6, the ffnt supercondtmtfng organfc ml[d.
Acts Crystallogr
ff-Struct
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F R, J.ahnscm H M, Li”sky J L, Maxso. C W, Mewe R Rosncr R, Seward F, Topka K & Zwam C,
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Vm den Dries L, Va” Haesendonck
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P, SIIpsrgmvhy. Phys Rep..-Rev
Sect Phys Lerf, 68:189-398, 1981. SUNY, [ml
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State Univ. Utrecht, Dept. Bic-Organ, Chem,, Utrecht, the
Netherlands.
Warwick J W, Pearce J B, J?vam D R, Cam T D, .%hmuble J J, AJexander J K, Kaiser M L, Desch
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fmm Voyager f -r
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Greenbek,
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IJK, 83.0768
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U.i\.,
LymntI Lab. Phys., Cambridge, MA. 83-0329
PhYs L.,,
B 105:267-7I. 1981. f.11. Ctr
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Strittmatter P A. Weynmnn R J, Smith M G & Cc.ndon J J, X-ray sfud&M of qtmsam with the Einstein
abservstory.
[L A$frophys
J, 245:357.74, 1981. Harvard-Smithsmian
Ctr. Astrophy s., Cambridge,
MA; Copernicus AsIron. Ctr.. Warsaw, Poland: Weizmann Jnst. Sci., Rehovot, Israel: (hi,,
Arwona,
S1eward Obser,., Tucson, AZ; Royal Observ,, Edinbmgh, UK, Nml, Radm Astrcm. Observ,,
Charlottesville.
and Virginia Polytcch. Inst. State Llm>.. Dept. Phys Blacksb.rg,
VA. “”8 1.0469,
“.81-3355: ““81-1463: ““81-1826; ““8[-2955
tkdes.
0
3030
0
87
87
13
40
53
per found in a search of ISI/Compu Math@, our online data base covering
the mathematical
and computer
sciences. That leaves just 14 papers in this
study which are neither core nor citing
papers in any ISI@ research front. Most
of these will undoubtedly become core
papers unless they are a “flash in the
pan.” In any case, they alone can help
you identify the literature for the unique
research fronts they identify. Just use
SCK in the straightiorward
manner you
always did.
Twelve
papers
are single author
works. Thirty papers list two authors, 20
have three, 16 have four, and eight have
378
Tabfa 2t The 1982 and 1983 ISR TMresearch
sciences
papers
1981 most-cited
core
fronts
as core
documents.
physical
sciences
papers
research
front.
documents
in each
which
A = research
front
included
contain
number.
in the core
at least two of the 198 I most-cited
B=
of each
research
research
front
name.
front.
B
A
Roughening transitions and crossover phenomena in lattice gauge theories
Phase transitions in the early universe and the inflationary universe scenario
834N335
Composite
83-0558
Organic
83-0%3
Upsilon
83-0768
Fast
Dynamic
other
83-1521
aspects
and
of lattice
gauge
electroweak
superconductors;
6
models
properties
number
of
of
23
339
theories
gauge
total
CD
82-0319
83-0329
83-0030
83-0863
83-0875
83-0883
83-0885
83-0898
83-1234
D=
physical
C = number
of tetramethyl-tetraselenafulvalene-2X
and
35
3
37
6
21
superconductors
physics and B-meson
atom
bombardment
and
26
decay
secondary
ion mass spectrometty
of involatile
biomolecules
Phase diagram andphase transitions for Ising spin glasses
Ma~outflow
from the Orion molecular-cloud andother star fomationre@ons
Weak neutral bosonsin gauge models andgrand unified theories
Supersymmetric grsndunified
theor’ies
Theoretical and experimental aspects of axions
Voyager 1 and Voyager 20bservationsof
Satumand T1tanand analysis. of rings
of Saturn, magrretosphere and atmosphere
Decay patterns andother aspects ofpseudoscalar
gIuebaUs
five authors. Onehas six authors, three
have seven authors, and two have eight.
One paper each lists 12, 13, and 14
authors,
while three papers have 16
authors. Onepaper
each lists27 and66
authors.
The paper with the most
authors has 67. Thk is not unusual for
physics. In our study of the most-cited
physical sciences papers of 1980,4 one
paper had 86 authors.
Most such papers involve experiments
with huge particle accelerators. Whale it
is true that an enormous collaborative
effort is involved in these experiments, it
is hard to believe that so many individuals merit full authorship,
In the
past, I have called for reforms in thk
areas Most contributors should receive
credit in an acknowledgment.
Current
practices only pollute the bibliographic
archives.
Ninety-two authors have more than
one paper listed in Table 1. C. S. Jacobsen, G. Senjanovi6, and E. Witten each
have three papers. K. Bechgaard has
five papers in Table 1.
The papers in this study were published in 30 journals, listed in Table 3.
Just six journals published more than 60
percent of the papers. They are: Phy.rical Review Letters (19 papers), Physics
Letters B (12), Nuc/earPhysics B (9), As-
379
4
16
2
2
3
6
2
69
24
17
10
16
15
26
trophysical Journal (8), Journal of the
Amen”can Chemicai Society (7), and Science (7). These journals consistently
publish a high proportion
of papers in
these studies. In fact, Physical Review
Letters has topped our list each year
since we began thk series by examining
the most-cited physical science papers
of 1976!6 This also reflects the need for
rapid communication
in a field where
preprints are common.
The authors in this study are affiliated
with 118 institutions in 18 countries. Table 4 lists these institutions in descending
order by the number of times they appear in Table 1. Sixty-three are located
in the US, about the same as in our study
of the 1980 papers. This represents a signtilcant increase over the US totals for
19787 and 19798 which were 44 and 48,
respectively. However, the actual number of papers in these studies produced
by US institutions has been declining in
recent years. For example, authors from
US institutions produced 88 papers in
our study of 1979 articles. For 1980 this
dropped to 73 and for 1981 it is 67
papers. By the way, it is an important
commentary on the international role of
American and other scientific journals
to see that three papers from the USSR
are inchrded in this study.
Table 3: The Xl journals represented on the list of
the 101 1981 physical sciences papers most cited
in 1981-1982. The numbers in parentheses are the
impact factors for the journals. ( 1981 impact factor equals the number of citations received by
1979-1980 articles in a journal divided by the
number of articles published by the journal during the same period. I Data were taken from the
1981 JCI? ‘n. The figures a~ the right indicate the
number of papers from each journal which appears on the list.
China, Poland, and the USSR each have
one. Incidentally, the People’s Republic
of China was also represented by one institution in our look at the most-cited
physics papers of 1979.s Perhaps the appearance of an institution from there in
the present study is a harbinger of things
to come.
Haward University was listed 12 times
on Table 1, more than any other institution. Stanford University was represented 11 times. The University of California
was represented nine times, while CERN
was represented only three. In our 1978
study, CERN was represented 19 times.
Table 5 lists the national affiliations of
authors in this study. As I mentioned
earlier, 67 of the 101 papers in thk study
had authors from the US. Seventeen of
these were coauthored
with scientists
from Canada, Denmark, France, FRG,
Israel, Italy, the Netherlands,
People’s
Republic of China, Poland, Sweden,
Switzerland, and the UK. Without exception,
the papers were written in
English.
The list of research fronts in Table 2
provides a good indication of some of
the hot subjects of current interest to
physical scientists. In fact, four research
fronts are represented by six core papers
listed here.
Six papers are core to research front
#83-0030, “Dynamic aspects of lattice
Interactions
between
gauge theories.”
subatomic
particles are described
in
terms of gauge theories. Five of the highly cited papers in this research front apply so-called “Monte Carlo methods, ” a
statistical technique,
to the study of
“strong force” interactions,
The strong
force, one of the four fundamental
forces of nature, is what holds the nucleus of an atom together.
The list includes six papers in research
front #83-0558, “Organic superconductors.” Superconductors
are substances
which, when cooled to extremely low
temperatures,
lose virtually all resistance to the flow of electricity. All six of
Number
“f
Journal
Phys. Ref. Lett. (6.06)
Phys. Lett. B (3.82)
Nucl. Phys. B (4.25)
Astrophys. J. (4.04)
J. Amer. Chem, Sot. (4.26)
Science (6.24)
Phys. Rev. D—Part. Fields (2.94)
Rev. Mod, Phys. ( 16.23)
Nature (7. 19)
Phys. Rev. B—Condensed Matter (2.94)
AppL Phys. Lett. (3.15)
J. Chem. Sot, Chem. Commun. (2.17)
J. Phys. A—Math. Gen. (1 .86)
Phys. Rep. —Rev. Sect, Phys. Lett.
(6.68)
Phys. Re~, C—NUCI. Phys. (2.23)
Acts Crystallogr. B—Struct. Sci. ( .96)
Advan, Phys. (8.71)
APP1. Opt. (1.57)
Biochim. Biophys. Acts (2.64)
Helv. Chim. Acts (1.84)
J. Appl, Phys, (1.67)
J. Chem. Phys. (3.03)
J. Geophys. Res. (2.76)
J. Phys. Lett. (2.04)
Mon. Weather Rev. (1.42)
Phys, Earth Planet. Interiors ( 1,06)
Pure Appl. Chem. (1 .88)
Rep, Progr. Phys. (4.82)
Theor. Chlm. Acts (2.08)
Z, Phys. C—Par. f%ld,(2.13)
Pa~Lrs
19
12
9
8
7
7
4
4
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
I
1
1
1
1
1
I
I
1
1
1
1
I
1
I
Of the remaining institutions in Table
4, eight each arelocated
in the Federal
Republic of Germany (FRG) and Italy.
Six each are located in France and the
UK. Five of the institutions are located
in the Netherlands, while Denmark, Israel, Sweden,
and Switzerland
each
have three. It should be noted, however,
that the CERN facility, although located
in Switzerland, is actually operated by a
consortium
of 12 European
nations.
Canada and Hungary each have two institutions in this study, and Belgium, Japan, Norway, the People’s Republic of
380
.,
.-–.
...–
umv. mxnewer. n
.,”
Tabk 41 The institutional affiliations of the authors on tbc
Iist, Institutions
are fisted in descendin~
order of the
number of times they appear in Table 1.Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA1
Stanford Univ.. CA2
Univ. California, CA
Santa Barbara
Berkeky3
Los Angeles
Irvine
San Diego
California inst. Technol.,
Pasadena. CA
Mas.sachusetts Inst. Technol., Cambridge, MA
Come[[Lfniv,.
[thaca, NY
Univ. Copenhagen,
Denmark
H.C. Orsted Inst.
Nick Bohr Inst.
NASA
Goddard Suace Flight Ctr
Oreen~elt,
Mb
Ames Res. Ctr., Moffett Fkld, CA
NASA Headquarters,
Washington, DC
Tech. Univ. Denmark. Lyngby, Denmark
Univ. Arizona, Tucson, AZ
Univ. Maryland, College Park, MD
Acad. Sci. USSR
A.F. Ioffe Phys. Tech. Inst., Leningrad
Inst. Appl. Math., Moscow
inst. Theor. Exp. Phys,, Moscow
L.D. Landau Inst. Theor. Phys., Moscow
Brookhaven Nat). Lab., Upton. NY
Princeton Univ., NJ
Univ. Chicago, IL
Univ. Hawaii. Honolulu, H1
Univ. Pennsylvania,
Philadelphia, PA
Bell Latmratories, NJ
Murray Hill
Holmdel
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
Max Planck Soc., FRG
Inst. Extraterrestrial
Phys..
Garching by Munich
Inst. Phys. Astrophys.,
Munich
Inst. Rad]oastron.,
Bonn
Swiss Fed. Inst. Technol,,
Switzerland
Lausanne
Zurich
Univ. Colorado, CO
Boulder
Joint Jnst. Lab. Astrophys.. Boulder4
Univ. Manchester
Inst. Sci. Tech., UK
Univ. Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
Univ. Wisconsin, Madison, WI
Weizmarm fret. Sci.. Rehovc.t, Jwacl
Eotvos Lorand Univ., Budapest, H.ngary
Franklin Inst., Bartol Rcs. Fdn., Newark, DE
Jnst. Advan Study, Princeton, NJ
Jnst. Radio Astron. Millimerr., Grenoble, France
Ithaca CoIl. NY
LeMoyme ColL, Syracuse. NY
Paris Observatory, Meudon, France
Rutgers Univ., New Brunswick, NJ
Sacky Nucl. Res, Ctr. ICENS), Gif-s.ur-Yvette,
France
State Univ. Utrecht, the Netherlands
SLJNY, Stony Brook, NY
Syracuse Univ., NY
Tel Aviv Univ.. Israel
Univ. Hamburg, FRG
Univ.Heidelberg,
FRG
Univ. Illinois, Urbana, IL
Univ. London, UK
Jmperial Coil. Sci. Technol.
Uni$. ColL London
Univ. Paris-Sud (XI), Orsay, France
12
II
9
3
2
2
1
J
7
7
6
6
5
1
5
3
1
1
5
5
5
4
1
1
J
1
4
4
4
4
4
3
2
1
3
3
1
J
1
3
2
i
3
2
1
3
3
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
J
J
2
381
2
2
I
uSGeoJ.
hrVCY
Ffagstaff, AZ
Menlo Park, CA
Vanderbilt Univ., Nashviffe, TN
Aerospace Corp., Los Angeles. CA
Brown Boveri Res. Ctr,, Baden, Switzerland
Cafif. State Univ., Northridge, CA
Chinese Acad. Sci., Peking.
People’s Republic of China
CNR, Inst. Cosm. Phys. Data, Mifano, Judy
CNRS, Serv. Aeronom.,
Verricres leBuisson.
France
CoJumbin Lfniv., New York. NY
CUNY, New York. NY
Delft Univ. Technof.,
the Netherlands
Ecok Normale Superhre.
Paris, France
Eur. Space Agency. Noordwijk, the Netherknds
Fermi Natl. Accekrator
Lab., Batatia. IL
German Electron-Accelerator
(DESY),
Hamburg, FRG
Hebrew Univ., JerusaJem, Jsrael
Hungarian Acad. Sci., Central Res, Inst. Phys..
Budapest, Hungary
Huygens Lab., Leiden, the Netherlands
IBM, Thomas J. Watscm Res. Ctr.,
Yorktown Heights. NY
Jndi-ana LJniv., Bloomington.
JN
Intl. Ctr. Theor. Phys., Trieste. ltafy
Inst. &Observ.
Astron., Palermo, Italy
Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore. MD
Julich Nucl. Res. Ctr., FRG
Kratos Lid., Manchester.
UK
Leiden State Univ., the Netberknds
Lockheed Missiles&
Space Co., Palo Alto, CA
Lund Univ., Sweden
Med. Fdn. Buffalo Inc., NY
Natl. Jnst. Nucl. Phys., Frawati, Italy
Natl. Radio AsIron. Observ., Charlottesville,
VA
New Mexico State Univ,. Las Cruxes, NM
New York State Dept. Hlth., Roswell Park Mere.
Jnst., Buffalo, NY
New York Univ., New York, NY
NORDITA,
Copenhagen.
Denmark
Northwcstem
Univ., Evanston, IL
Ohio State Univ.. Columbus, OH
Polish Acad. Sci., Copcmicus
A$tron. Ctr.,
Warsaw. PoJand
Polytech. Inst. New York. Brooklyn. NY
Radiophys. Inc., Boulder, CO
Rand Corp., Santa Monica. CA
Rice Univ., Houston, TX
Science and Engineering Council, Royaf Observ.
Edinburgh. UK
SJJJ2T, Spinetta Marengo, Jtaly
Solar Energy Res. Inst., Golden, CO
SRI Jntl., Menlo Park, CA
Tech. Univ., Braunschweig,
FRG
Tohoku Univ., Sendai, Japan
Tulane Univ., New Orleans, LA
Univ. Bickfeld,
FRG
Univ. Brit. Columbia, Vancouver,
Canada
Univ. Cambridge, UK
Univ. Florida.Gainesville,
FL
Univ. Georgia, Athens, GA
Univ. Goteborg. Sweden
Univ. Leuven, Belgium
Univ. Massachusetts,
Amherst, MA
Univ. Minnesota. Minneapolis,
MN
Univ. North Carofiia, Chapel Hifl, NC
Umv. Oslo,
Norway
Umv. PaJermo, Italy
Univ. Regensburg,
FRG
Univ. Rome, Jtaly
Univ. S. California, Los Angeles, CA
Univ. Stockholm.
Sweden
1
I
2
1
I
I
I
I
J
1
1
1
J
1
J
I
1
1
1
I
1
1
1
1
I
J
I
I
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
I
1
1
I
1
1
1
J
1
J
I
1
1
I
1
1
f
1
1
I
1
I
J
I
I
I
J
I
I
I
1
Univ. sussex, UK
Univ. Torino, Itmly
UniV. Washington, Seattle, WA
USAF, Hansom AFB, MA
USN, Naval Res. Lab., WashingIon,
Virginia Polytech. [nst. State Univ.,
Blacksburg, VA
Yak Univ., New Haven, CT
York Univ., Ontario. Canada
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
1
I
1
1
1
DC
for attaining
the long sought after
“unified field theory,” which would explain the four fundamental forces of nature in terms of a single theoretical
framework. This research front includes
the second most-cited paper, a single
author work by E. Witten, Princeton
University, New Jersey. Witten’s paper
was cited 87 times during the two-year
period. A check of the 1983 SCI shows
that it continues to be heavily cited.
Research front #83- 1234, “Voyager 1
and Voyager 2 observations
of Saturn
and Titan and analysis of rings of Saturn,
magnetosphere
and atmosphere,”
contains six papers in thk study as core documents. Papers reporting observations
of the Voyager space probes have appeared in these studies before. This research front contains the third mostcited paper in thk study, that by B.A.
Smith, University of Arizona, Tucson,
and colleagues. The paper reports on a
number of observations
of the planet
Saturn, its rings, and moons. It was cited
80 times during 1981-1982.
The most-cited paper in this study, a
single author work by A .H. Guth, Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, California, received 92 citations during the twoyear period, It is one of the core papers
in research frent #83-0029, “Phase transitions in the early universe and the inflationary universe scenario. ” Guth’s paper
advances a proposition
regarding the
temperature
of the universe early in its
hktory, and discusses its implications for
the so-called “big bang” theory of creation. It has already been cited 43 times
in the first six months of 1983.
Tied for the second most-cited paper
in this study is a lengthy review by P.
Langacker,
University of Pennsylvania
and Stanford Linear Accelerator
Center, of various unified field theories. It
was published in Physics Reports-Revie w Section of Physics Letters, which is
published by the North-Holland Publishing Co. The paper received 87 citations
in 1981-1982.
I
I
Includes Harvard-Smithsonian
Ctr. for Astrophysics
Includes Stanford Linear Accelerator
Ctr. (SLAC)
Includes Lm Alamos Nat]. Lab,, NM
Operated jointly with (he Natl. Bureau of Standards,
Washington, DC
Tsblc 5: National affiliations of the authors of the 1981
physical sciences papers most cited in 1981.1982, in order
of the total number of papers on which each nation’s au.
thors appeared (column A) B= number of papers coauthored with scientists from other countries. C = nationality of coauthors,
Coamry
us
A
B
67
17
France
98
FRG
84
UK
Switzerland
B2
’75
Denmark
Israel
b3
53
Italy
54
the Netherlands
USSR
Canada
HunBary
Sweden
Belgium
Japan
Norway
People’s
Republic of
China
Poland
5
30
21
21
22
II
3
c
Canada, Denmark, France,
FRG, Israel, Italv, the
Netherlands,
People’s Repubfic
ot China, Poland, Sweden,
Switzerland & UK
Canada. Denmark, FRG. Italy.
the Netherlands & US
France, Italy, the Netherlands
& us
Ismel, Poland & US
Hungary, Israel, Italy, Sweden
& us
France & US
Belgium, Poland, Switzerland,
UK & US
France, FRG, the Netherhmds,
Switzerland & US
France, FRG, Italy & US
Fmnce & US
Switzerland
Norway, Switzerland
Israel
& US
10
II
II
us
II
Israel, UK&US
Sweden
the papers describe organic compounds
which can be transformed
into superconductors.
K. Bechgaard,
University
of Copenhagen,
Denmark, appears on
five of the papers in thk group: twice as a
first author, and three times as a secondary author.
Six papers in Table 1 are core documents for research front #83-0885, “Supersymmetric
grand unfiled theones.”
“Supersymmetry”
is the label given to
one of several theoretical
approaches
382
The fourth most-cited paper in Table
1 describes a new method developed by
M. Barber and colleagues, University of
Manchester
Institute
of Science and
Technology, England. The method improves the results of mass spectronomy
performed on nongaseous substances. It
received 77 citations during the two-year
period.
This concludes our study of the mostcited physical sciences papers of 1981.
This series will continue next year when
we identify the most-cited
papers of
1982. Remember that we treated chem-
istry separately in a study of the 1980
papers.g We will continue to do so for
1981, although several chemistry papers
were cited frequently enough to meet
the threshold for this study.
*****
My thanks to John Dale and Tom
Di Juliafor their help in the prepamtion
@l@l
1s1
of this essay.
REFERENCES
1. Garffekf E. The 1981 articles most cited in 1981 and 1982, 1. Lie sciences.
Current Corrtent$ (38):5-15, 19 September 1983.
2--------------- ABCS of cluster mapping. Parts 1 & 2. Most active fields in the fiie and physical sciences in
1978, Essays o/an in~orrnation
fcientist.
Phtiadelphia:
1S1 Press, 1981. Vol. 4. p. 634-49.
(Reptinted from: Current Contents (40):5-12, 6 October 1980 and (41):5-12, 13 October 1980.)
3. ------------- ISI’S “new” Index fo Scierrt~ic Reviews (LSR): spplying research front specialty searching
to the retrievsl of the re%ew literature. Essays of an information scientist, Philadelphia: 1S1 Press,
1983. Vol. 5. p. 695-702. (Reprinted from: Cuwent Corrtent$ (39):5-12, 27 September 1982.)
4. -------------- The 19843articles most cited in 1980 and 1981.2. Physical sciences.
Current Contents (20):5-16, 16 May 1983.
5. -------------- More on the ethics of scient~lc publication: abuses of authorship attribution snd citation
amnesis undermine the rewsrd system of science. Essayf of an in~oimation
scienti$f.
Philadelphia: ISI Press, 1983. Vol. 5. p. 621-6.
(Reprinted from: Current Contents (XJ):5-1O, 26 July 1982.)
6. -------------- The 1976 articles most cited in 1976 snd 1977.2, physical sciences. ,%ays of an
information scientist. Phdadelphia: 1S1 Press, 1981. Vol. 4. p. 115-26.
(Reprinted from Current Contents (17):5-16, 23 April 1979.)
7. -------------- 1978 articles most cited in 1978 and 1979. 1. Physicsf sciences. Emys of an information
fcientisf. Pfdladelpfds: 1S1 Press, 1981. Vol. 4. p. 674-85.
(Reprinted from: Current Contents (46):5-16, 17 November 1980.)
8-------------- . The 1979 articles most cited from 1979 to 1981.2. Physical sciences. .Essays of an
information scienti$t. Phfladelphis: 1S1 Press, 1983. Vol. 5. p. 63442.
(Reprinted from: Current Conterm (32):5-13,9 August 1982.)
9. ------------- The 1980 chemistry articles most cited in 19801982.
Current Conterm (35): S-15, 29 August 1983.
383