2015 FALL FINAL REVIEW

2015 FALL FINAL REVIEW
Biomolecules & Enzymes
Illustrate table and fill in parts missing
9A – I can compare and contrast the structure and function of biomolecules.
9C – I know the role of enzymes and how they work.
9D – I know that each biomolecule is made up of a specific subunit.
Match the structure to the function:
_C__ 1. Providing quick energy.
A.
_ A __ 2. Store and transmit genetic information.
B.
__ B _ 3. Regulate chemical reactions (speed up).
C.
_ D __ 4. Major component of cell membranes.
D.
Label the diagram below using the following terms: active site, enzyme, product, substrate.
5. Explain how temperature affects enzyme activity.
Increase in temperature speeds up reactions until the point where the high temperature causes the enzyme’s active site to change and the enzyme no
longer functions.
6. Explain pH affects enzyme activity.
Enzymes tend to work best in a particular pH range and not work at all on outside of that range.
_____________________________________________________________________________
Cellular Energy
4A – I can compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
9B – I can describe how photosynthesis and cellular respiration work.
4B – I can describe how energy cycles within cells.
1.
WRITE THE CHEMICAL REACTION REPRESENTING CELLULAR RESPIRATION. CIRCLE THE PRODUCTS and BOX THE
REACTANTS. HOW COULD YOU DETERMINE WHICH COMPOUNDS WERE THE PRODUCTS?
Complete the table below.
2. PUT THESE ENERGY FORMS IN THE ORDER IN WHICH THEY MOVE THROUGH THE ECOLOGICAL ENERGY
PATHWAY: CHEMICAL ENERGY (GLUCOSE); RADIANT ENERGY (LIGHT);
RADIANT (LIGHT) ENERGY, CHEMICAL ENERGY (GLUCOSE), CELLULAR ENERGY (ATP)
3.
LABEL THE DIAGRAM BELOW.
Cellular Transport
9A – I can describe the cell membrane structure.
4B – I know the difference between active and passive cell transport.
Match the term with its correct description:
a.
b.
c.
d.
4B – I can predict the movement of molecules across a gradient.
equilibrium
facilitated diffusion
endocytosis
passive transport
e. active transport
f. exocytosis
g. diffusion (simple)
h. osmosis
___H____ The diffusion of water through a cell membrane.
___ D ____ A form of transport that does not require ATP.
___ C ____ Process by which a cell takes in material by forming a vacuole around it
___ G ____ Particle movement from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
___ F ____ A vacuole membrane fuses (becomes a part of) to the cell membrane and expels wastes from the cell.
___ B ___ A form of passive transport that needs a protein channel.
___ E ___ Particle movement from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration- *requires energy*
___ A ___ When the molecules of one substance are spread evenly throughout another substance to become balanced.
FILL IN BLANKS and DRAW ARROWS SHOWING THE MOVEMENT OF WATER
Osmosis is the diffusion of water from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. Only
water moves in osmosis! The diagrams below show the concentration of water and salt inside the cell and
the concentration of water and salt surrounding the cell. Complete the sentences below by comparing the
concentration of the water inside the cell and the concentration outside the cell.
1.
a. The net flow of water will be ____________________
(into the cell, out of the cell, in both directions).
b. The cell will ______________________ (shrink,
burst, stay the same).
2.
a. The net flow of water will be ____________________
(into the cell, out of the cell, in both directions).
b. The cell will ______________________ (shrink, burst,
stay the same).
3.
a. The net flow of water will be ____________________
(into the cell, out of the cell, in both directions).
b. The cell will ______________________ (shrink, burst,
stay the same).
DNA
6A – I can recognize DNA is a double helix and I can recognize the parts of a nucleotide.
5A – I can use base-pairing rules to replicate a strand of DNA.
9D – I can recognize DNA has the biological instructions that make organisms unique.
3F – I can describe the contributions of different scientists in the discovery of DNA.
Label the DNA subunit and Match the DNA molecule below and answer the questions.
1.
What is the structure of DNA?
DOUBLE HELIX
2.
According to Chargaff, what bases pair to one another?
A=T; C=G
3. What is the name given to the process of copying DNA (shown below) that ensures during cell division that
daughter cells are genetically identical to the parent cells? What is the roll of DNA Polymerase in this process?
DNA REPLICATION; DNA POLYMERASE BUILDS THE NEW (DAUGHTER STRANDS)
4. Write the complementary strand to this DNA molecule: G A T C C A T G A G T T A C C
CTA GGT ACT CAA TGG
5. List DNA’s two main functions.
a) Stores (genetic) hereditary information
b) Instructions for building proteins
6. Calculate the missing %’s (using Chargaff’s Base Pairing Rules).
Sample 1.
A=17 %
C= _23 %_%
G = _23 %_%
T = __17 %_%
Sample 2.
A= _22 %_%
C= _28 %_%
G = 28 %
T = _22 %_%
__________________________________________________________________________
Cell Cycle
5A – I can describe and identify the stages of the cell cycle.
5A – I can describe and identify the stages of mitosis.
5D – I can relate cancer to the cell cycle.
5C – I can describe the process of cell differentiation.
1. WHAT TERM DESCRIBES THE EVENTS A CELL UNDERGOES AS IT GROWS AND DIVIDES? WHAT TERMS DESCRIBES
THE UNCONTROLLED DIVISION OF CELLS (THAT CAN OCCUR AFTER A MUTATION IN DNA)?
2. IDENTIFY EACH EVENT OR DIAGRAM AS EITHER G1, S, G2, OR M PHASE.
a. CELL IS ACTIVELY DIVIDING _M__
b. CELL IS ACTIVELY GROWING _ G1__
c. CELL IS UNDERGOING DNA REPLICATION _ S__
d. CELL IS PREPARING TO DIVIDE __ G2__
e. INCLUDES MITOSIS AND CYTOKINESIS _ M __
f. CELL ONLY HAS A SINGLE COPY OF EACH CHROMOSOME _ G1__
g. CELL IS REPLICATING ORGANELLES __ G2__
h. CELL IS “SYNTHESIZING” SISTER CHROMATID COPIES __ S __
3. WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SISTER CHROMATIDS AND HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOMES?
SISTER CHROMATIDS – IDENTICAL COPIES ATTACHED AT THE CENTROMERE (PRODUCT OF DNA REPLICATION); HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOMES – PAIRS
OF CHROMOSOMES (1 MATERNAL, 1 PATERNAL) THAT SHARE THE SAME TYPES OF GENES BUT NOT NECESSARILY THE SAME ALLELES.
4. DRAW AND DESCRIBE EACH OF THE STAGE OF THE M-PHASE (PMAT+C).
COMPARE MITOSIS AND MEIOSIS BY COMPLETING THE CHART.
PROCESS
MITOSIS
MEIOSIS
Crossing over
Metaphase Stage
occur? (Y/N)
N
Y
X
X
X
X
X
X
XX
XX
XX
Type of Cells
SOMATIC (BODY)
Purpose of Cells
Products
REPLACE,REPAIR
OR GROWTH
(2)
GENETICALLY
IDENTICAL
DIPLOID CELLS
GAMETES
(SEX
REPRODUCTION
CELLS, GERM CELLS)
(4)
GENETICALLY
UNIQUE
HAPLOID
CELLS
Protein Synthesis
6C – I can explain the purpose and process of protein synthesis.
6D – I understand that gene expression is a regulated process.
6E – I can identify types of mutations in the DNA and understand how these mutations affect the
organism as a whole.
1. DRAW THE CENTRAL DOGMA OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY.
2. Put the following steps of protein synthesis in order by numbering 1 through 5.
___3__ mRNA leaves the nucleus with the DNA code, and goes to the ribosomes
___5____ribosomes make proteins
___4____mRNA and tRNA meet in the ribosomes
___1____DNA temporarily unzips
___2____mRNA nucleotides match up to DNA
3. What process is shown below? Label the following diagram with these terms:
A. mRNA,
B. tRNA
C. ribosome
D. protein
TRANSLATION
E. Amino Acid
4. Using the given DNA strand as a template, determine the missing nucleic acid and amino acid sequences.
DNA #1
3’TAC
GGG
GCG
TTA
ATG 5’
mRNA
5’AUG CCC
CGC
AAU UAC 3’
AA
5.
MET PRO
ARG
ASN TYR
Label each type of RNA (ribosomal, messenger, transfer) and describe it’s function.
____mRNA______
____ rRNA ____
___ tRNA _____
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Meiosis
6G – I can compare and contrast the difference between mitosis and meiosis.
6G – I can recognize the significance of meiosis to sexual reproduction.
1.
DISTINGUISH BETWEEN DIPLOID AND HAPLOID.
DIPLOID- 2 SETS OF CHROMOSOMES (SOMATIC CELLS)
HAPLOID CELLS – 1 SET OF CHROMOSOMES (GAMETES)
2.
IF A GOAT HAS 60 CHROMOSOMES IN A SOMATIC CELL . . . . HOW MANY WOULD EACH DAUGHTER CELL HAVE
AS A RESULT OF MITOSIS?
60 (30 HOMOLOGOUS PAIRS)
a. MEIOSIS DAUGHTER CELL?
30 CHROMOSOMES
3.
DESCRIBE THE EVENTS THAT INTRODUCE GENETIC DIVERSITY IN THE PRODUCTS OF MEIOTIC DIVISION.
CROSSING OVER – EXCHANGE OF GENETIC MATERIAL BETWEEN HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOMES.
INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENT – RANDOM PAIRING OF MATERNAL AND PATERNAL HOMOLOGOUS
CHROMSOMES ON EITHER SIDE OF THE MID LINE DURING METAPHASE I
4. LABEL THE DIAGRAMS BELOW THAT DESCRIBES MEIOSIS. MITOSIS.