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WHO SPEAKS FOR THE GODS? ANDREW BURKE For BARITONE and PIANO

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WHO SPEAKS FOR THE GODS? ANDREW BURKE For BARITONE and PIANO
ANDREW BURKE
WHO SPEAKS
FOR THE GODS?
For BARITONE and PIANO
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Bachelor of Arts Degree in Music
Haverford College
Spring 2014
NOTES ON THE PIECE
The idea for this song cycle is based on a course I took as a student at Millsaps
College called Who Speaks for the God(s)? with Dr. James E. Bowley. The class dealt
with the issue of interpreting ancient religious texts and how different religious
extremist groups throughout history have validated their severe social agendas by using
these texts according to their own interpretations. In this sort of process, the original
message of the text can become quite adulterated or distorted. I’ve attempted to explore
these same issues by using the song cycle in a novel way. Specifically, I am focusing on
the Westboro Baptist Church (WBC). Each song's text is composed of passages from the
Bible that the WBC has used to legitimize one of their claims. Thus, each song
represents one of their infamous picket signs.
The Biblical text is presented in Latin so that the listener cannot readily
comprehend the message. This emphasizes the text’s vulnerability to subjective
interpretation. In keeping with this concept of misrepresentation and misinterpretation,
the “mistakes” in the text setting are actually intentional. At times, the text is misaligned
so that the stress does not fall on a strong beat. The motivation behind this choice was to
allow the text itself to feel misunderstood or distorted. As a musical vehicle for these
texts, I seek to reflect the nature of the distortion at play in the religious message by
taking inspiration from traditional, mainstream religious music constructions and
twisting them in harmony, rhythm, and structure. The music also seeks to evoke pain,
isolation, joy, confusion, and other psychological and emotional complexities that seem
to exist with members of the WBC.
The cycle is notated as a single piece to indicate that the performance ought to be
fluid with little to no break in between songs. The performance of the piece must
incorporate visuals to enhance the experience. For each piece, there will be a projection
or representation of the corresponding picket sign used by WBC members (i.e. “God
Hates Fags,” “God Hates Islam,” “God Loves Dead Soldiers,” etc). In the printed
program, each piece will be titled simply as the Bible verses used. This is an attempt to
illuminate the dynamic of how the interpretation of these texts is presented by the WBC.
The audience will hear the text without being able to truly understand it, they will see
WBC’s interpretation of the text on the stage, and they will know that the text has been
taken from the Bible by looking at the program, but the connection between all these
different threads will be inherently tenuous. A list of the corresponding signs for each
song may be found in the table of contents.
The final song in the cycle is understood as a sort of epilogue. This is the only
piece not connected with a WBC sign, and thus may be paired with no sign or with one
simply titled as Epilogue. It offers a section from the Bible that distinctly contradicts the
WBC's approach to interpretation.
- Andrew Burke
TEXTS
The sung text has been taken from the Latin Vulgate, and the translation provided has
been taken from the King James.
Leviticus 18:26
Ye shall therefore keep my statutes and
custodite legitima mea atque iudicia et
my judgments: and shall not commit
non faciat ex omnibus abominationibus
any of these abominations; neither any
istis tam indigena quam colonus qui
of your own nation, nor any stranger
peregrinatur apud vos
that sojourneth among you.
Galatians 1:6-7
I marvel that ye are so soon removed
from him that called you into the grace
of Christ unto another gospel;
miror quod sic tam cito transferimini ab
eo qui vos vocavit in gratiam Christi in
aliud evangelium
Which is not another; but there be some
that trouble you and would pervert the
gospel of Christ.
quod non est aliud nisi sunt aliqui qui
vos conturbant et volunt convertere
evangelium Christi
Revelations 13: 4, 7, 9
And they worshipped the dragon which
gave power to the beast. And they
worshipped the beast, saying, Who is
like to the beast? And who is able to
make war with him?
et adoraverunt draconem quia dedit
potestatem bestiae et adoraverunt
bestiam dicentes quis similis bestiae et
quis poterit pugnare cum ea
And it was given unto him to make war
with the saints and to overcome them.
And power was given him over all
kindreds, and tongues, and nations.
et datum est illi bellum facere cum
sanctis et vincere illos et data est ei
potestas in omnem tribum et populum
et linguam et gentem
If any man have an ear, let him hear.
si quis habet aurem audiat
Deuteronomy 32:43
Rejoice, O ye nations, with his people:
for he will avenge the blood of his
servants, and will render vengeance to
their adversaries, and he will be merciful
unto his land, and to his people.
laudate gentes populum eius quia
sanguinem servorum suorum ulciscetur
et vindictam retribuet in hostes eorum
et propitius erit terrae populi sui
Genesis 2:24
Therefore a man shall leave his father
and mother, and shall cleave unto his
wife: and they shall be one flesh.
quam ob rem relinquet homo patrem
suum et matrem et adherebit uxori suae
et erunt duo in carne una
Romans 1:28, 29, 31
And even as they liked not to retain God
in their knowledge, God gave them over
to a reprobate knowledge, to do those
things which are not convenient.
et sicut non probaverunt Deum habere
in notitia tradidit eos Deus in reprobum
sensum ut faciant quae non convenient
Being filled with all iniquity, malice,
fornication, avarice, wickedness; full of
envy, murder, contention, deceit,
malignity: whisperers,
repletos omni iniquitate malitia
fornicatione avaritia nequitia plenos
invidia homicidio contentione dolo
malignitate susurrones
Foolish, dissolute: without affection,
without fidelity, without mercy.
insipientes inconpositos sine affectione
absque foedere sine misericordia
Romans 2:1
Therefore thou art inexcusable, O man,
whosoever thou art that judgest. For
wherein thou judgest another, thou
condemnest thyself; for thou dost the
same things which thou judgest.
propter quod inexcusabilis es o homo
omnis qui iudicas in quo enim iudicas
alterum te ipsum condemnas eadem
enim agis qui iudicas
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Leviticus 18:26, Galatians 1:6-7 (God Hates Islam)…………………………………………… 1
2. Revelations 13: 4, 7, 9 (Antichrist Obama)……………………………………………………….. 7
3. Deuteronomy 32:43 (Thank God for Dead Soldiers)…………………………………………. 16
4. Genesis 2:24, Romans 1:28-31 (God Hates Fags)………………………………………………. 23
5. Romans 2:1 (Epilogue)……………………………………………………………………………………. 38
Leviticus 18:26, Galatians 1:6-7
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47
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pp
f
      
            

    

   
    
   
   
   



3




 
f

   
 
 

    

     

quod non est
a - li - ud











  
 
 


   





               
  
     
 


3
3
3
3

3



3sim.

55
 

 

f
51
ni
 




5
49
mf
-
-
  
    


si
sunt

    









 
f
p sub.




a
-
li







 

-
qui








6
56
 



qui
vos


dim.
con - tur - bant


lunt
con


et
vo
-
-
                          




                                

dim.
               







         

 sim.
3
58

 

ver
-
te

-

re

3

e
-
3

van
-
-
3

ge


-
li -
                           

                            
 
 
60
 









um




 



3
  



p

Chri








3



p




-
sti


3
 
3



3







Revelations 13:4,7,9
    
 



q = 110

           
 

          
 



3


p
                  


 
  

  
-

  

        
 
 

73
3
          3
 

-


ve
-







  3   


 


co -nem qui -a de -dit po -tes -ta -tem bes
mp

 



 

-
ti


 
 
-
-
  
 
3
      
   


3
dra
mp


am


 


  

3



  
 
3

   
 










3


 



3

     
    
 
 

 
 


p


   
dra-co - nem,
 



       
 


p
runt









      


ra 3
et




3

p


     




3
do

 
3
68
a -
7


   
  


  






 
3
f




q = 110


8
76
    
 






  






                      
 

f
p




     
           
    
  
  
 
 





   
81
    


a
-

 


 
        
      


ra
-

 




      
     
    
-
 
 


  
cen
-
 
 
 


di
ve
 
 

86
     

-



tes
et

  
  
  
 
 
dolce

    




          
 

 
do -

mf
 
  

 




p




-
3

runt bes
-
ti - am
   
   
 
mf


 sim.


quis
si

     
  




-
mi

-
le
3
3














 

      



 


  
 
 
3



f
     


90
f
    

96
   

cum





  
     




-





rit
pu - gna

  


-

mp













 sim.
 
a



3

   




 









     


mp
  3   
   








     
  
   

 

 
  
  
  
 


-
mp


 


 
e

po - te
      


  
  
re
99



3


      





  
  



  
et quis



-
ti - ae
 

   
  
3


  
-


bes
 
  
9






          
             











 


 




  
10
102






    





       
            
          
 


      



f
108



 

p sub.


 

 





   

f
    

  
 


  


  
        
 
 

















         
                     
    


        
 













         
   

 
 
    

         

       
105



 
         
 
        
  







      
    


    
 
 

 


 
 




 


 
       


 
    
   





 



   

    
 

11
111





 



         
     
 
   
   

113





      
    
    






    

p
et
dolce





sim.
da -tum




  
           

 


p sub.





-
tis

    

      
       
   

  

    
 
  

3
3

3
est



3
3

    
    




sanc
  



  




             3 



 
il - li
     
       

119
cum
3
3

3

3

   










 
3
3






    


bel - lum
 
 
 
 

      



  
 
  

   


fa - ce - re
  


 




       
  
espress.
    

3


12
125
   




      
 







       


130
   

- los

da - ta
men - ses

      

      









 


est
il - li




  
 

qua - dra - gin -
ta
   


 

    
3
3





re
-

 


 



 
tes - tas
fa - ce -re




 



-
 3 


po
il
    
3
            

 3
3









 3  
 




  
-


    

 
 
 
  




      







 




    



    
3


136
vin - ce
mf
 3   3

et
et



3
 
mf espress.

 

     
 

  
3
du
-
3
   








-
  
  


o

    

141


 

si
145
   


au - rem au-
    
  
3
    
 




  
 

        

     
3


  
 
3



  




   

            
 






- bet
         
    
    


  
 
3
ha


di - at
p sub.
           

  
 

149

    


      
 
      

 



     

          

p
3











3


quis

  3

   
   
   
  


   

p


 

13



    

         




3


      
3
      
  



              

         

    
  


3
14
153
    
 

   
f

                 
 


















      


   
     
    
au - di -at

 

 
au - di -at
f
rit.
       

                         
        



157






 


ff

  
 

 
  





              
    
 

  
   
 

160



    
      
    


    
  
 

p

si
    


   
  




        
     

    
 



 

 
3

 
     



 
   

3
   

 
      

  
 

 
 
     
 
  




 

quis





ha - bet














15
163



p



   


  


 

 

au






-
  

  

rem au -

di - at


 




 

 

 







  





 

 

Deuteronomy 32:43
16
q = 140
   

  q = 140
  

p














  
                        
















175
 








  

 
 



















         
  
  
 

182
   
 


    





           




mp
       
 
 










 
  



 

 






                          
 
    
 
 
 
      


190
 











  
           
 
  
     
 




 








        
 
 
p sub.
 







 
 sim.
p  

 

197


     


Lau - da - te
Lau - da -te
gen - tes
17

pop

-

u - lum

                            

 
 
 
 
 
 

 




      












204
 




  
mp

Lau - da - te
 


  
     
gen - tes
po -

                     
 
 
mp
                    

     



   
210
    

-pu - lum
  
e - ius

qui

- a

san

-


gui - nem,
  



     

 





   






           
 

 
   
   


  

 

 





18
216
  

  
san
-
 



 
f



    
    
-
 



-
 
-
-
-






-


-




  
sa
-
  

sotto voce


 

gui

 

  







  
   

     



   








  
 



  
3
3
 




 



  







   

 







     


 sim.






    

  
  
 


f celebratory

          


  


      
     
 
 






228
-
    
   
  
 



nem
 
 

  



    
    

   

-


 
       
222
gui



 
  








-



 



   
233

nem
    


3

  








  

237
  

ul


3
ci



-


sce
-
 
 

-
vo - rum
su
  
  



 





      

3


-
3
3
 


-

 
 

ser
19
3
 

o - rum
  
 



 





tur
3
3

3
3

3
    
 
    
     
   

 
 

3
3
 3
3

   


  









     
      
3
3
241
   


 





  
p
et
          

 

  


  
        
    
     
 



 

3
3
3
3
3
3
Slower (c. q = 125)
espress.
vin
 

  
-
dic
 

-
Slower (c. q = 125)

    
p
20
247
  

tam
re - tri - bu - et
  
 


 
  
255
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
in
ho -stes e - o
 
 
 
 
-
rum


                    




  


Tempo 1 (q=140)


mf
et pro -
 
  
  
 
 
 
 

 




 
        


pi - ti
 
  

  
 

-




 
   
261


            


 


    
  
 
e - rit
 


  

 

 
         



us

    
    

  

Tempo 1 (q=140)

  

     
ter - rae

  
 

  
 
po
-
pu - li

  


 
 




21
267
    

su
-





 
275
 


    
  
pp
 





mf
    




 
 
 
 
   


Lau - da - te
      

       
 
3
          3


          
    


 
           
     
mf
         
   
       



281

i
       





          
  
 

rit.
Lau
 





rit.
   

-
-
da
-

te



 
  


  
  
      
  
   

 

 
  






3

 
 



22
284
 


  

   

  

 




    


 



 
p








 

q =90
p rubato

Quam
Genesis 2:24, Romans 1:28-31
 
  
   
    
ob rem
re -lin -quet
ho -mo pa -trem
su - um et ma -trem
  
  
  
  
   
   
q =90  
    


 

p rubato





294








 sim.
    


 
ad -her -re - bit
u -xo -ri
su - ae

     
   



 
 
300
        


er -unt du - o
in
car - ne
        

 
  



mp
 
  

u
 
 
 

 


-
et


  
 


 
et
  
      
 
 
   

      
       
 

23


           
 
     

  



 






na


 
 
 
        
            
   










24
306





 
 
 
 








accel.
 
 
 
 









 
  
   
 


3

308


3
3
3
Faster (c. q = 98)
mp
 




et
si
 
-


cut
Faster (c. q = 98)
                                    



  






 
 


 



3
3
310
 


  
3
non pro - ba
-
 
3
     

 


3
3
  
3
ve -runt
  
 


3
De - um, De - um,
  
3

3




         



3

3

  
3


      

 

 
   
       







    
  



De - um


  


25

mf
313
ha
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
 
 
 
       






  
 
 
 
mf
 
 
 
 


3
3
 
314

be
-
-
3
3


re
in
 
 
 
      






 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

3
3
3

315
 

3
3
no
-


ti - ti


- a,
3
no
-



ti - ti - a
 
 
 
      






 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

3

3
3
3
26
316
 


3
tra
-
di - dit
 


e
-

f
-
  





f
3


319
 
re
-

 

 
 



De - us,
De - us,
  
  
 

-
 
 
 
 
   
 



  
  

us
in
 
 

 


3

  
 
3
3
 


3
 
 
 
De
os
3
 
 

 

 


3
 
318
  
 
3
 
 
3
pro - bum
 


3
sen
 
 
 
 
3


 
 
 
 
-
 


 
 
3


-
3
 



sum
ut
 


 
 
3
 

27
320




fa
-
-
ci
-
-


ant
quae
  
  
  
  
















3
3
321
 



3
non
con
 

 
3

 
322

 
 
rit.

ve
 


3


  
3
 

-
ni
-
-
 


3
   

3
3
unt
 


 
 



 
3



  
 
 
 
 

 

 
  

 



p
quam
Tempo 1 ( q = 90)
p
 
3

Tempo 1 ( q = 90)
 






 
 

  
3
-
 
 
 





 


3


 sim.

   

 

28
   

ob rem
332
 
 

 
 
 



 
    

    



     
 
3
accel.
 
pa - trem,
 
  
 

   
 
  
ma - trem,

  
 
accel.
  
pa - trem,

  
 

  
 



  

  

ma - trem,


pa - trem








  
     
  
pa - trem
3
3
 
  

  

 

 
 
  


   
3
      
 

    



ho - mo
pa - trem
  


    
336


re - lin - quet
  
 




        

 

  


 


  
326
su -




 


pa - trem,


-
ma -trem
  

 


  

  
 
 
 
um

  
  
  
 

  
  
 

 

29
Tempo 1 (q = 90)
343






    
mp

re - ple - tos
     
            
       


Tempo 1 (q = 90)

f

3
3






3
  3   3  

mp

 









        
  
 
       




347
om - ni
               
                    
i - ni -qui -ta

 

-
te


ma
-
li

-
ti

-
a
                                  
                                                      
                     
                    




for
 


 
350
-
-
ni
-
ca

-
ti

-
o

-
ne
   3 


a -va - ri -ti - a
3


                               
                                           

p sub. 



   


















               



30
3
    
353


 3  

ne - qui -ti - a
ple -nos in -vi
- di
      
       

       

3
3
 


di
-
  
  

mi
-
ci
-


                     



                     
                          
  
f
                 


  
 without pedal
 


  


-
o

  
      
f
con
ho


     
    
358
3
a





                 
                          


356
-
  
  
3
3  
 

-
-
-
  


               
              

ten

-
   

     
     

ti

-
o

-
       
          
    


ne

 

    
  

31
360
   3  


3

do - lo, do - lo,
do
-

  3  

lo
ma - li - gni - ta



-
te
  
  


















                                       
                               




362
 


sus

-
su

-
ro

-

Slower (c. q = 81)






nes
Slower (c. q = 81)
  
                             
                                










                                     






rit.
365







   
  

 
 
mp
 











   





      


    

 
 


 
 

 
 








 3 
  3   
32
370






 


 3 




373







 
  

 3 



 


   




   


3


mf

 





ad - her - re - bit
u - xo - ri
su


-


ae

    



 
 






3


  
       



3





3


u - xo - ri,

  
 

            
       
p
  
3
   
 

 

 

 sim.
3




  
 



 

ad - her - re - bit

 


   
  
  
376

      
   


mf

      

 





     
  cresc.



378

et


cresc.








car
-
-
-
ne

 
  





     







 



 
 
 

  
  
  
   
3




   


3

 
 

 








       3
           


3
ff espress.




 

ff



 

 
  












 





  
  
 



  
 
in
3
in
u - na

3




          

385
o


3

-
  

   


 





  
 


  
 
  

du
     
   

  

 
   
 
381
e - runt
33
-
si
-
pi
-
en - tes
3




388
34
  3 

in - con

 3 
 3  


 
            
si - ne
af -fec -ti -o -

-
po
        
 
390
 

ne
abs
  


 
 



-

si
-
tos

        
   

           
  
3







3
- que


 sim.




 

foe
   






-

 

 



   3  


 
 




-

-
393
si
3
3
ne
      

3
    
   

-




de
  


mi



-
re
 

 
 








-
-














 
 





35
     
394




   


397


 

pp

e
-

 
runt
du - o
  

        

 

pp
  
 
 
 
402





 
 





 











   

in car -ne
u


 


mf
e




      




  




   
3
3

-





     
mf






 se - ri - cor-di - a
        
  




















  
   
               





 
runt
du - o



 

-
na
 

3
   

  
in car - ne




      


 

36
 

407

u

 

-
 

e

 
f
 



       


 


in
car



 
 





  

-




-


 
fff




du - o
      




3
3
 


   
fff

ne
u


-
-




414
na
runt


       




   

f

3



na
412


-



















 






















     
   
   

     
 





37
415






   






   




  

 
 

   
 



416





3





     






    
  











 


  
 
 



417






 

 







 



 










Romans 2:1
38
  

q = 100 rubato
 
 
q = 100 rubato

pp

   
 










 
 













428 Faster ( q = 120)
pp
  

prop
-
 


  


  
ter
quod
Faster ( q = 120)
435
   








  





o
ho - mo











    
in - ex - cu - sa












 sim.





ho - mo,
 









 


 







  

 











 

-
bi - lis

p







    
  





 


  





es


p





o







    










39
442
  


 
 
  




 
 



  
 
 
 

449
   







 
 
 



 


   

     


 



455






in
   
   
iu


  




di -cas
    

 
 
al - te - rum








om




  












p
te








ip
quo
-
nis






 
 











con - dem -
  
   

   





























  
nas,
  
  



iu - di cas
iu - di cas,


 

sum
qui
    
 
e - nim






  

-





  


con -










40
     

461


dem - nas






  

   
-





 
nim
a
3
-





  







     
  




  

 





qui













iu - di - cas




e - a






-










   





  
-









qui






-
e-

iu - di - cas






 





 
dem










iu
-






qui

 
   
rubato, espress.
gis


474




 


 







467




-









di
-
cas







  
Tempo 1 ( q = 100)


Tempo 1 ( q = 100)
480



 




485
  

 
 



rit.

 









 



 





  





 

 

ppp
 









   














 
41


 






 
 


  











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