U.S. History

U.S. History
Western Expansion
Progressive Era
1860-1890
1890-1920
Gilded Age
Populist Movement
1860-1900
1870-1890
(a progressive movement of
farmers wanting inflation
and government regulation
of major services)
Progressive Era
Circa 1890-1920
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z
-ztBdclkYU
Progressive Era: Defining Special Terms
*=see notes
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4.
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9.
Progressive--reform
Prohibition—making alcohol
illegal
City manager—appointed
administrator of a city
Referendum/initiative—when
voters can decide state issues
and laws with ballots
Recall—taking a public official
out of office after their election
Primary—first election to select
candidates for office
Yellow journalism*
Muckraking*
Political corruption—using
government for private gain
10. Conservation-environmentalism
11. “trustbuster”—politician who
enforced anti-trust laws
12. Suffrage—right to vote
13. Civil Rights—working toward
equal rights for races
14. NAACP—Civil Rights
organization
15. Social gospel—duty to help the
poor
16. Workmen’s
Compensation—requirement of
insurance for people hurt on
the job
17. Populist Party—People’s Party
who sponsored farmers’ issues
Film:
Causes—Progressive Era
and Today
• The expansion of the U.S.
into the West and the
development of industry
and cities in the East led
to lots of issues and
problems.
• The Progressive Era
attempted to address and
solve those problems and
issues.
• Today’s world has lots of
problems and issues that
people embrace as
causes.
• What is your cause?
• What would be your
cause during the
Progressive Era?
• View the film and list 10
causes and star four you
would take on.
The Progressive Era is driven by
personalities!
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Teddy Roosevelt
Woodrow Wilson
Susan B. Anthony
Booker T. Washington
W.E.B. DuBois
William Randolph Hearst
Pulitzer
Rockefeller and Carnegie
Middle class women
Frank Lloyd Wright
• Northern Issues
• Southern Issues
• Western Issues
Yellow Journalism
Exaggerated news to sell
newspapers
Tended to sensationalize
events for the purpose of
entertainment and profit
Most notable were papers
owned by Hearst and
Pulitzer
Muckrakers
• Early 20th century journalists who exposed
illegal business practices, social injustices and
corrupt urban political bosses
• Exposed urban problems
• The rise of mass circulation newspapers and
magazines enabled muckrakers to reach a
large audience.
• Leading muckrakers included Upton Sinclair,
Jacob Riis and Ida Tarbell, Ida Wells, Lewis
Hine, Thomas Nast, Lincoln Steffens
TR called Upton Sinclair a muckraker
• William Tweed,
the boss of the
Tammany Hall
Democratic
party political
machine
• He was arrested,
tried and
imprisoned
Thomas Nast exposed the political
machine of Tammany Hall and its
political boss, William Tweed
Nast drew the symbols of the two
political parties
Nast also drew this familiar image
Reconstruction—rebuilding the South
after the Civil War
• Northern
occupation
• Southern
resentments
• Temporary rights for
freedmen
• Freedmen’s Bureau
• Cycle of poverty
started with
sharecropping
• Interpret the
cartoon…
Post Civil War Efforts and Legacy
• Reconstruction (1865-1877)
• Textile mills and infrastructure
(“New South”)
• Republican dominance
• Solid South voted Democrat
• Black Codes and “Jim Crow”
legislation
• Rise and fall of the Klan
• Segregation and legacy of
sharecropping, tenant farming, and
poverty
Nast exposed Reconstruction atrocities
1. Describe the horrors of
Reconstruction (186577) as shown in the
political cartoon.
2. How would
Northerners respond
to this cartoon?
Southerners?
3. How would African
Americans respond?
Civil Rights Issues
• Segregation—two kinds
• De jure segregation— “by law”—in South
• De facto segregation— “by tradition”—in
North
Civil Rights Activists
• Booker T. Washington
• W.E.B. DuBois
Plessy v. Ferguson
• Louisiana train
• Southern tradition vs. 14th
Amendment (rights of citizenship)
• Decision was a HUGE SETBACK for Civil Rights
•
Promoted “separate but equal”
doctrine and extended
segregation for 70 more years!
Women marched for suffrage (the right to vote!)
Women got the vote in 1920!
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IYQhRCs9I
HM
• See Triangle Shirtwaist Fire
(PBS: American Experience)
Music
• Ragtime by Scott Joplin
• Tin Pan Alley songs
by George M. Cohan, Irving Berlin,
George and Ira Gershwin
J.P. Morgan
• TR’s Secretary of
Treasury
• Known for financing the
federal government in
an emergency
• YMCA and YWCA—promoted health of youth
• Disasters led communities to reform:
– Examples: Blizzard of 1888 (led to National
Weather Service)
– Galveston Hurricane of 1900 (6000 dead—led to
sea wall)
– Floods of Mississippi Delta and Ohio River
• Cities controlled utilities
• Changed view of what government should be
and should do
1910--New ideas of Government?
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Be accountable to the people
Curb the power of the wealthy
Protect workers
Improve lives of citizens
Become more efficient and less corrupt
Control only utility businesses (water, gas,
electricity)
A New Brand of Patriotism
• The Pledge of Allegiance was written in the
1890s by Francis Bellamy
• changed in 1920s by Daughters of the
American Revolution
• changed again in 1950s by Knights of
Columbus
• “America the Beautiful was written by
Katherine Bates in the 1890s
Temperance led to Prohibition
• Frances Willard led the
Women’s Christian
Temperance Union
(WCTU)
• Carrie Nation “axed”
saloons and bars
• 18th Amendment passed
in 1920 (was repealed by
21st Amendment in 1933)
Progressive Era Posters Raised
Awareness
Sort the issues
1. Home
2. Conservation
3. State/Local Reforms
4. Finance
5. Politicians
6. Women
7. Civil Rights
8. Labor
9. Federal Legislation
10.Other Reformers
Answers to 1-10
• 1. Home Issues: social gospel, birth control,
women’s suffrage, meat, education, poverty,
architecture, prohibition, 18th amendment, 19th
amendment, child labor laws, universities, yellow
journalism, muckraking
• 2. Conservation Issues (see #XIII): water rights,
forest management, national parks, public parks,
landscaping, Sierra Club, Boy Scouts, T.
Roosevelt’s presidency, U.S. Forest Service,
Frederick Law Olmstead
• 3. State and Local Reforms: city managers,
commissioners, secret ballot, referendums,
initiatives, direct primaries, recall elections,
prohibition, political corruption and machines,
meat, food and drugs, settlement houses,
poverty, lynching, architecture, conservation,
women’s rights, birth control, socialism,
unions, civil rights, education, social gospel,
corporate welfare, segregation
• 4. Finance Reform: trustbusting, Sherman
Anti-trust Act, Clayton Anti-trust Act, History
of Standard Oil, break up of the Rockefeller
monopoly, Federal Reserve Bank, corporate
welfare, Workmen’s Compensation, unions,
Department of Labor
• 5. Politicians: T. Roosevelt, W. Wilson, C.E.
Hughes, H. Hoover, W.J. Bryan, Al Smith,
Eugene Debs, Robert La Follette
• 6. Women’s Issues: suffrage, education, child
labor, prohibition, universities, social gospel,
Civil Rights, architecture, settlement houses,
social work, poverty, meat, food, drugs,
political corruption, muckraking, reforming
local and state governments
• 7. Civil Rights: lynching, education, African
American universities, NAACP, Niagra
Movement, Plessy case, segregation,
“separate but equal”, unions, poverty
• 8. Labor: unions, socialists, Workmen’s
Compensation, income tax, corporate welfare,
Department of Labor, child labor laws, mandatory
education laws, Meat Inspection and Pure Food
and Drug Act, trustbusting, Sherman Anti-trust
Act, Clayton Anti-trust Act, social gospel
• 9. Federal Legislation: Amendments 16, 17, 18,
19, Federal Reserve Act, Sherman Anti-trust Act,
Clayton Anti-trust Act, Workmen’s Compensation,
Meat Inspection Act, Pure Food and Drug Act,
Creation of U.S. Parks and Forests, child labor
laws, mandatory education laws, National Park
Service
• 10. Other Reformers (not politicians):
Ida Wells, Upton Sinclair, Margaret Sanger,
Frank Lloyd Wright, Louis Sullivan, Jane
Addams, Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady
Stanton, DuBois and Washington, Jacob Riis,
Lincoln Steffens, Thomas Nast, Pulitzer and
Hearst, Lewis Brandeis, Henry Ford
STAAR Amendments (Federal Legislation)
13th—free
14th—citizens
15th—vote
16th—income tax
17th—election of senators
18th—no alcohol
19th—women’s vote
Who is on STAAR? Politicians,
Reformers, Activists
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Hearst and Pulitzer—publishers
Wright and Sullivan—architects
T. Roosevelt—conservation/trustbuster
Susan B. Anthony—suffrage
Eugene Debs—union and socialist leader
Booker T. Washington—Civil Rights education
W.E.B. DuBois—Civil Rights—NAACP
Jane Addams—Hull House/social worker
Henry Ford—cars and corporate welfare
Upton Sinclair—The Jungle
Ida Wells—exposed lynching numbers
Frances Willard—leader of Women’s Christian Temperance Union
Woodrow Wilson—President/Workmen’s Compensation
William Jennings Bryan—Populist candidate for President
STAAR Ideas
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Political machines—organizations using rewards and gain for
political service
Civil service reform—efforts to end political corruption
Labor unions—organizations of workers
Women’s suffrage—women’s right to vote
Civil Rights—effort toward political and social equality for
minorities
Social Gospel—application of Christian ethics to social problems
Initiative—issue put to a vote after a petition
Referendum—voters accept or reject a proposal
Recall—voters can remove an elected official through their vote
Muckrakers—journalists who expose the negatives in society
Eugenics— “good genes”—effort to alter genetic traits—a form
of “scientific racism” based on faulty “science”
Prohibition—legal ban on sale or transportation of alcohol
Tin Pan Alley—the “new” music of New York
Populists—third party supported by farmers
Illustration of Progressive Issue
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Topic (number and title)
Terms/Issues
Picture—can be drawn or computer printout
Vivid and clear words and picture
Bonus points for color
(Consider this a “cheat sheet”)