Architectural Design Standards I. Background and Overview

Architectural Design Standards
I.
Background and Overview
A.
The City’s Program Standards and Procedures (PSP) are intended to be used in
conjunction with the data contained in related standards and procedures. They are not
intended to be used as stand alone documents. It is the responsibility of the Designer
to become familiar with all the PSP documents and comply with the criteria set forth
as a whole.
B.
A study was conduction and the following Architectural Design Standards establish
recommendations for new construction and modifications at the Willow Lake Water
Pollution Control Facility (WLWPCF). This standard includes the following sections:
II.
III.
IV.
V.
Design Process
Building Types
Design Drawings
Design Materials
C.
The study indicates future improvements at WLWPCF to include an administration
building, a laboratory building, a maintenance building, a headworks building, a
solids facility, several clarifiers, several pump stations and pump station upgrades,
and an aeration basin/reactor.
D.
These standards outline the architectural integration of new and existing facilities to
create a contemporary and unified character for the facility, as well as other City of
Salem facilities. These standards are a guide to maintain consistency of the individual
and overall architectural expression of each building type. The standards will account
for all existing and proposed facilities and process structures at each location,
including their functions, sizes, and materials.
E.
In addition to the original facilities, a number of other small buildings, additions, and
structures have been built over the past forty years. These facilities are of differing
characters and diverging aesthetics. These standards describe a design concept that is
mindful of the treatment facility’s primary original aesthetic and architectural
intentions while overlaying a set of new architectural principles that embodies a
unifying character for new and renovated facilities.
F.
These standards divide buildings into two areas: non-process and process. Typically,
non-process structures accommodate human occupancy while process buildings
support the equipment they protect. There are several cases where buildings need to
have both process and non-process functions. Each possible condition is illustrated in
this standard.
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II.
Design Process
A.
Local Precedents:
This standard was in part conceived using input from local building precedents.
Examples were gathered featuring municipal, industrial, and agricultural-industrial
facilities in the City of Salem and its surrounding countryside. Local design
influences and building practices noted include the use of brick and metal panels as
cladding materials, simple volumetric building forms, attached elements (such as
canopies) as shading and weather protection devices, and strong external structural
expression, typically as exterior pilasters at building faces.
B.
Context:
1.
The location of a building influences its design. Siting and environmental
considerations, adjacencies and land use regulations, and codes all effect a
design. Facilities designed for the WLWPCF should appear different from
those designed in public places or along roadsides.
2.
A building rests on a physical site. Orientation of that building on the site is a
response to various environmental elements. Those elements could consist of
wetlands, streams, steep slopes, or unstable soils. The WLWPCF has many of
these site elements, including wetlands and low-lying lands subject to
flooding. The treatment facility environment also tends to be highly corrosive.
Other aspects of building siting are views, prevailing winds or solar access
which can extend a building’s life and the quality of experience for the
building’s users. Each of these types of siting and environmental elements
should be considered when designing buildings with these standards.
3.
The physical site is also effected by what lies adjacent to it. This condition is
often illustrated by local land use zoning maps which show what kind of
buildings and activities may be conducted on what lands. They also show
where one type of activity borders another type. This case is important to
building and site design at the WLWPCF. Housing projects and roads
encroach on this originally rural agricultural site. Old farm properties remain
neighbors, however the trend in this area is toward suburban development.
These changes instigate concern as to how the facility looks from other
properties. Buffer zones, high-quality building design, and facility design
should allay these concerns.
4.
Building codes and other regulations effect building safety through design.
They also protect natural resources and promote better building practices. At
WLWPCF the following code review outlines some code and regulation
documents that directly effect this site:
a.
Willow Lake Water Pollution Control Facility—Code Review.
Keizer and Salem Planning and Code Requirements.
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b.
c.
City of Keizer—Code Requirements:
1)
Ref. 2.315.05. This development is required to comply with
City of Keizer Development Standards.
2)
Ref. 2.309.05. Screening is required for all roof-mounted
equipment.
3)
Ref. 2.309.03. A minimum of 10 percent of the gross land area
shall be devoted to landscaping in industrial development.
Parking:
1)
d.
Ref. 2.303.06. Parking requirement is as follows:
a)
Public assembly - one space per four seats/every eightfoot bench
b)
Office space - one space per 600 sf
c)
Industrial, processing - one space per 700 sf
2)
Ref. 2.303.09. Development with 100 or more parking spaces
shall designate at least five percent of the parking spaces for
carpool or vanpool parking. We have 30 parking spaces.
3)
Ref. 2.303.08.1. (2'-0"x6'-0") Bicycle parking space per 30
required vehicle parking spaces.
4)
Ref. 2.311.03. Private street shall conform to the City’s street
construction standards except as noted below:
a)
One-way, less than 200' = 12 feet
b)
Two-way, less than 200' = 16 feet
c)
Two-way, greater than 200' = 20 feet
ADA compliance:
Ref. 2.303.07. Design should comply with Chapter 11 requirements, of
Uniform Building Code or ODOT Standards. Process areas where no
public access is anticipated may be exempt from these requirements.
5.
Salem Comprehensive Plan, 1988 (plus reviews thereafter per State mandate):
a.
Objectives—Policies regarding urban growth, create a single
document of the many planning efforts in Salem, balance land uses,
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balance transportation and public facilities, identify urban limits,
coordinate growth with surrounding cities/counties, tool to reach
community concurrence.
6.
b.
Plan is two tiered—Regional plan and the Salem Urban Area plan.
c.
“Comprehensive Plan means a…map and policy statement…that
interrelates all.. systems…relating to the use of lands
including…sewer and water systems,… and natural resources and air
and water quality management programs.”
d.
The Salem Area Comprehensive Plan applies policies by phasing
urbanization and re-zonings over time.
e.
Residential land use categories also accommodate the need for certain
support facilities such as schools and parks.
f.
Conversion of developing residential or urbanizable areas to urban
development.
g.
Special resource information. Floodplains. The Flood Boundary and
Flood Way Map Series (1986) and the Flood Insurance Rate Map
(1984) series have been prepared under the sponsorship of the Federal
Emergency Management Agency (FEMA).
h.
Dual interest areas are geographic areas where two or more entities
have, by agreement, established that each has an interest in the nature
and scope of land use regulation in the area even though the area may
be outside the jurisdiction of one or more of the entities which are
parties to the agreement. Dual interest areas may be outside the
Salem/Keizer urban growth boundary. Decision regarding areas
identified by agreement as Dual Interest Areas shall be governed by
the terms of such agreement.
i.
The WLWPCF dual interest area is defined by an adopted legal
description. Development requirements are established in the
WLWPCF Dual Interest Area Agreement.
City of Keizer—Comprehensive Plan:
Section 1.103.02. The following uses fall under the Special Policy Area (SPA)
(Willow Lake is in a SPA):
a.
Agricultural Industrial—IA
b.
Exclusive Farm Use—EFU
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7.
Marion County Board of Commissioners, 2003:
Public hearing regarding community development, considering amendments
to the Dual Interest Area Agreement for Willow Lake Treatment Plant.
“…Special Policy Area (SPA) in the form of an agricultural and industrial
zone, and require that development approval for the properties within the
special property area be subject to provisions of a perpetual easement and
waiver of noise and impact emanating from the facility. The City of Keizer
has chosen to apply this as agricultural/industrial zone. Further, the property
be taken out of the Special Policy Area and donated to the City of Salem for
their use to be rezoned and allowed to develop a single-family development
with a density of no more than five dwelling units per acre. It incorporates the
agricultural/industrial zone regulations which limits land uses in the area that
are compatible with the facility.”
8.
State of Oregon 1998 adoption of Uniform Building Code, 1997:
a.
Section 304.2.2.1. Group B Occupancies—Includes offices and
laboratories.
Laboratory spaces shall be separated from each other by one-hour fireresistive occupancy separations. Occupants in laboratories in excess of
200 square feet shall have access to at least two exits or exit-access
doors; all portions of room must be within 75 feet of an exit.
b.
Section 311. Group S Occupancy Division 2 … shall include ice,
plants, power plants, and pumping plants.
c.
Section 311. Group S Occupancy Division 3 … shall include repair
garages where work is limited to exchange of parts and maintenance
requiring no open flame or welding.
d.
Table 3-A. Description of Occupancies - B: A building or structure or
portion thereof for office, professional or service-type transactions…
S-2: Low-hazard storage occupancies including buildings or portions
of buildings used for storage of non-combustible materials.
e.
Table 3-B. Required Separation in Buildings - S-2 and B occupancies
require no specific fire resistant separation. S-3 occupancy requires a
one-hour separation from B or S-2 areas.
f.
Table 5-A. Construction type/occupancy/openings (S-2 - I-FR, Fourhour, non-combustible construction, less than five feet (opening to
adjacent property)
g.
Table 5-B Basic Allowable Building Heights and Floor area - For S-2,
3, and B occupancies, Type I Fire Rated construction, code provides
for unlimited floor area and building height
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Building Organization
9.
Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED), USGBC, Version
2.0:
LEED recommendations will be followed when the sustainable solution
improves the facility function, is cost effective and serves the environment
simultaneously. Future LEED version being studied, now in pilot projects
adapt to industrial treatment processes.
C.
Building Organization:
Organizing building space around a standard dimensional unit, or module, permits
flexibility in and around buildings, encourages building exteriors that complement
each other and creates a consistent order for building development. In this standard, a
module is applied by building type so that groupings of similar buildings appear as a
cohesive set. Possible building module organizations are illustrated below:
1.
The program of a building informs its design. For example, a module of 28'-0"
wide allows for four work stations or sufficient clear space for a roll-up door
and associated equipment. For laboratory spaces, a module of 10'-0" may be
appropriate.
2.
Modules should be used to allow for flexibility and efficiency, and should be
chosen for the type of building materials that will be used for a structure. For
non-process the internal corridor module width is a minimum of 6'-0" and a
maximum of 8'-0" depending on the need. The main corridors should act as
double-loaded access spines serving the minor rooms within each building
and lead to exits located at each end. Transverse conditions imply the gabled
section of the non-process structures and any parallel sections of process
structures. In the diagrams below, the service areas are denoted in a darker
color while the employee areas are lighter:
3.
Another dimensional unit that this standard uses is the datum. This refers to
the dimension from the interior finish floor of a building to various points on
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the elevations. For example, all window sills could be located 4'- 0" above the
finish floor of a building.
Building Organization
4.
D.
Performance Standards—Building Organization:
a.
Optimize building envelope including all structural, mechanical,
electrical, and fire/life safety systems to accommodate building
function.
b.
Design all facilities for continual use.
c.
Design all facilities for permanence.
Building Flexibility:
1.
Flexibility in site and building design is supported by the module concept. In
the Building Organization section above, modularity is addressed in terms of
each building. In this section, the module fosters a campus design flexibility
concept. Examples of various modulated non-process building arrangements
are illustrated.
2.
Buildings that share modularity in their organization and outward appearance
are more easily arranged in relationship to each other. Program elements
describe the contents of a building while a module helps to organize them.
Below, the program is interpreted in four different ways on a site and would
potentially be effected by conditions noted in the Context section.
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Building Flexibility Options
3.
E.
Performance Standards—Building Flexibility:
a.
Provide for easy maintenance and future growth.
b.
Utilize materials that can be easily maintained.
c.
Utilize materials that are durable and have extended life spans.
d.
Allow for future expansion.
e.
Chose cost effective solutions.
External and Internal Building Circulation:
1.
Circulation is a systems approach to integrated movement between and
through non-process and process buildings. The circulation between buildings
focuses on providing easily understood pathways and views to destinations.
Circulation within a building is based on a major and minor corridor hierarchy
that support safety and activities within.
2.
In the diagrams, interior and exterior hierarchies are illustrated. Major interior
paths intersect directly with exterior paths where entry to buildings occur.
Minor interior paths discharge to exterior paths, but building access is not
typically gained here. These points are employee entrances, not intended for
use by the general public. On the exterior, the major path brings visitors and
employees to the main entrance of a facility. Minor external routes are
intended for emergency exiting, employee use and building or landscaping
maintenance.
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3.
Performance Standards—External and Internal Building Circulation:
Interior Circulation Diagrams
4.
a.
Simplify interior circulation patterns.
b.
Where possible for existing buildings, use existing openings for new
access points.
c.
Circulation pathways shall be efficient and direct.
d.
Entry points or lobby spaces shall be connected, visible, and well-lit.
e.
Entries shall have elements that protrude beyond the building facade
and canopies.
f.
Provide paths that are defined by day-lighting and lighting fixtures.
g.
Provide catastrophe exiting and refuge.
h.
Delineate pedestrian pathways from vehicular traffic; use grade
changes, surfaces, and slopes.
i.
Provide visual connection to building entry, ramps, and railings next to
main circulation route.
j.
Provide protection for building from vehicular impacts.
k.
Provide access routes clear of obstacles with OSHA mandated worker
protection.
Where applicable provide safe ADA accessible route for tour groups.
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F
Facility Expansion:
1.
The City of Salem, WLWPCF has expanded over time. This Standard takes
future modifications and expansion into consideration.
Expansion Options
G.
2.
The module is structurally, mechanically, and spatially rational. Building shall
have easily replicated, simple articulation, and function. The extruded form is
a basis for expansion and supports the courtyard forms created through the use
of nodes and interior circulation.
3.
The primary entry space for either non-process or process buildings shall
adhere to the language established in this document. Expansion shall respect
the clarity of a pre-existing buildings’ internal and external circulation
patterns. The courtyard patterns supporting the sustainable aspects of the
standard shall be repeated.
4.
Performance Standards—Facility Expansion:
a.
Design simplified architectural/structural volumes for ease of future
additions.
b.
Plan systems for future mechanical and electrical extensions of new
and existing buildings.
c.
Provide for flexible infrastructure for expansion.
Sustainable Building Practices:
1.
Sustainable design practices extend the life of buildings, improve the health
and comfort of employees, and reduce building operation costs. Review the
Sustainable Design Standard for more technical information.
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2.
Sustainable design practice begins with the site design. Refer to the
Landscape Design Standard for sustainable landscaping opportunities.
Currently, the WLWPCF site is encompassed by a dike. This protects the
facility from Willamette River high water events. On the inside of the dike,
the facility is unable to discharge surface runoff into surrounding soils
because of any potential facility flooding that may allow untreated materials
to leach into water supplies. Under these conditions, using bio-swales and
other surface water detention systems is not recommended.
3.
Orientation of facilities on the site is critical for sustainable design practice,
and embedded in the architectural standard designs are assumptions about the
orientation of these buildings. In this standard and as shown in the diagrams,
the buildings are designed to respond to north and south exposures on the
longer sides of the buildings. This orientation is ideal for energy conservation
and the comfort of the occupants. Where buildings can not be oriented as
described due to environmental site conditions, there must be consideration
made to window locations and prevailing winds. Awnings, louvers and the
size of the apertures must be adjusted for different site exposures.
4.
Building elements that promote sustainable development and ease of
maintenance are incorporated in this standard. In non-process spaces these
elements include sloping roofs with skylights to capture daylight and high
windows to encourage natural ventilation. Courtyard spaces between the
buildings provide further opportunities for views, daylighting, and ventilation.
In process spaces abbreviated versions of these slopes are used also for
wayfinding, by top-lighting entries.
5.
Performance Standards—Sustainable Building Practices:
a.
Focus on limiting demand on natural resources.
b.
Specify high-efficiency lighting throughout the facility, with exterior
cut-off fixtures to contain night lighting.
c.
Control erosion to reduce negative impacts on water and air quality.
d.
Maximize water efficiency within buildings.
e.
Introduce daylighting through high windows, with view windows for
occupied areas of the building.
f.
Use locally manufactured building products.
g.
Use buildings products that incorporate recycled material content
and/or contain rapidly renewable materials.
h.
Increase effective delivery and mixing of fresh air and reduce indoor
air contaminants.
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i.
Maximize energy efficiency by designing for minimal winter heat loss
and maximum summer ventilation.
j.
The City does not plan to pursue LEED certification for buildings.
III. Building Types
A.
Building types for the WLWPCF are defined by separating all existing and future
buildings into two groups: Non-process buildings and process buildings. Non-process
buildings are consistently occupied by employees and process buildings serve the
facilities’ function. Employees and visitors know how to use these facilities by
elements of their design related to entries and overall building form. These elements
when grouped together define a design language.
B.
The original process and non-process buildings were designed and constructed
between 1963 - 1964. All of the original structures were based on a specific design
aesthetic conceived by the original consulting architect, J.L. Payne.
C.
The facility’s original designs included buildings with long horizontal proportions
reflecting the gentle plains of the surrounding “prairie.” The buildings also
incorporated courtyard spaces providing light and air to the non-process buildings.
All of these low-profile buildings are typified by their cladding of panels and of
running bond brick with stacked course edging. The original digester tanks include
similar brickwork. The process and non-process buildings include vertical aluminum
windows and door openings between these brick panels. The frieze above the brick
panels has continuous horizontal colored panel clerestory elements that wrap each
facility. Shown on the original drawing, the clerestories contained translucent glass
panels for daylighting. The original roofs are sweeping horizontal planes with eaves
extending beyond the clerestories and clad in standing seam copper.
D.
The design language shown above describes the hierarchy of volumes within a
building. Buildings generally utilize shed roofs for employee occupied spaces and for
capturing daylighting or natural ventilation. Flat roofs cover equipment spaces, such
as mechanical spaces and service spaces. High bays clearly demarcate primary
entrances. Using this language creates a campus of buildings that are easy to navigate
between while also serving the occupants.
E.
The types of buildings illustrated here represent a range of building types and how
they may be linked architecturally, structurally, and visually. Smaller buildings, such
as pump stations, will be treated as landmarks.
F.
Performance Standards—Building Type:
1.
Provide clear path to primary public facility entry.
2.
Use unique rooflines at non-process building primary entries.
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3.
Security thresholds demarcate public access from employee access space
within interior circulation paths.
4.
Maintain “line of sight” security from main reception areas to public access
areas.
5.
Plan for flexible rooms to accommodate multiple uses.
6.
Design entries, lighting, way-finding, and shading for day and night use.
IV. Design Drawings
A.
B.
Non-Process Buildings Design Standards:
1.
Non-process buildings accommodate human occupancy. Buildings in this
category at WLWPCF are—Laboratories, administration, maintenance
support areas, control rooms, and operator/small vehicle refuge.
2.
These buildings are identified by their forms and materials. Sloped roofs and
lower walls can indicate that employees rather than equipment use these
spaces. Materials such as brick and standing seam roofing and siding could
also cue visitors from a distance where to enter a facility.
3.
The buildings feature corner windows. Longitudinal walls provide windows
for views of this facility and surrounding landscape. Windows will be placed
as they complement internal functions and are comfortable for occupants.
Windows can be operable, where appropriate, for natural ventilation.
4.
Datum points should be used to maintain consistency between buildings on
the WLWPCF campus. These datum points should typically fall at 2'-0"
increments counted up from the buildings’ interior finish floor.
Process Buildings Design Standards:
1.
Process buildings primarily house equipment and facilitate mechanical facility
processes. Buildings that fall into this category at the WLWPCF are—Solids
handling, headworks, pump stations, and maintenance service areas.
2.
These buildings are identified by their forms and materials, just like the nonprocess buildings. The flat roofs and high walls can indicate that large
equipment is located in these spaces. Materials such as exposed concrete walls
will blend with other campus buildings and act as an indicator that facility
processes are occurring within these walls.
3.
The structure of these buildings is a steel frame within perimeter concrete
walls which also support the building. Entries to these facilities may occur at
various penetrations on the building wall. Man doors and overhead doors are
accessible by employees only.
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4.
C.
V.
Non-process elements are attached to the process buildings. These accessory
buildings indicate where employees gain access to facility. They also contain
the electrical and control rooms and any other small spaces frequently
serviced by employees. The decreased building envelope size reduces the cost
of the facility while also serving the wayfinding aspects of this standard.
Tanks and Basins Design Standards:
1.
Tanks and basins primarily contain wastewater treatment processes.
Structures that fall into this category at the WLWPCF include—digesters,
trickling filters, and clarifiers. Basins that have some above ground elements
also fall into this category.
2.
These basins and tanks are concrete structures. Access to these structures are
well-lit and oriented to other campus structures. The above ground perimeter
walls have vertical lines as part of the exterior concrete form.
Design Materials
A.
This section describes the range of standard materials that are part of the
Specification Requirements Design Standard for the City of Salem’s WLWPCF. This
standard is meant to guide individual facility design teams in the standardization of
building envelopes and interior finishes. This standard provides a listing of preferred
materials and possible variations. The intent of this standard is to regulate the
continuity of architectural appearance of disparately programmed buildings and
structures through the standardization of material usage throughout the facility.
B.
The materiality of new facility buildings described in Section II, Design Process and
Section IV, Design Drawings is derived from two distinct influences. The primary
influence is the industrially-scaled agricultural regional context that surrounds the
facility. The secondary influence is the facility structures to remain, as described in
the previous section.
C.
Many of the current structures of the WLWPCF will be replaced by new facilities.
The Architectural Design Standards do not focus on the ‘historical’ structures of the
facility as its primary influence, yet the structures and buildings to remain are
considered in addressing a need for continuity of materials. The standardization of
materials within this document is meant to dictate the proper use of a defined palette
of colors, textures, and finishes. This consideration of materiality in concert with
standard architectural details, wall sections, and elevations will render the
reconstructed facility as a cohesive whole. The conglomeration of three generations
of building typologies is meant to be clarified by this material standard.
D.
The site context, as described in the Local Precedents portion of the Design Process
section, defines industrial, agricultural, and public buildings as the major influences
on the design of this public infrastructure project. The materiality takes direction
from the influences of rural landscape, and from the importance of the facility as a
civic and infrastructure project.
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E.
Building finishes are described in the “Building Finishes and Signage Design
Standards.”
F.
Roofing and canopies shall be consistent between structures. Acceptable roofing
materials are:
1.
Sloped roofing true standing seam metal roofing, with roof battens minimum
one-inch. Finish for roofing to be shop applied High-Performance Organic
Coating as specified, match AEP design Span “Old Zinc Gray” for color or
approved equal.
2.
Low-slope (built-up) roofing should be cold process roofing system by
Tremco Burmastic Composite Three-Ply roofing system with sidewall
flashing.
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G.
Non-Process Exterior Finishes Materials Matrix:
Materials
Cost
Lifespan
Sustainability
$
$$
$$
$
$$
$$
$
$$
50+
50+
30+
50+
50+
30+
30+
30+
+
+
+
Built-up Roofing
$
15 to 25
Thermoplastic
$$
15 to 25
-
Green Roof
$$
20 to 25
+
Wall Panel and Sloped Roofs
Standing Seam Copper
Standing Seam Coated
Zinc Roofing
Standing Seam Stainless Steel
$$$
$
$$$
$$$
30+
20+
30+
30+
--
Doors
Aluminum Storefront
Hollow-Metal door and frame
$$
$
30+
30+
-
r
r
Windows
Aluminum frame
Aluminum Skylights
Steel frame
Vinyl frame
Wood frame
Concrete sill (pre-cast)
$
$$
$$
$
$
$
50+
30+
50+
20+
20+
50+
-
r
$
$$
$$$
$$$
$$$$
50+
50+
50+
50+
50+
+
Non- Process Exterior
Building Envelope
Wood Stud
Metal Stud
Structural Insulated Panel System
Brick (standard)
Brick (reclaimed)
Exposed Structural Glu-lam
Exposed steel canopies
Aluminum Louver
Recommended
Comments
r
Sustainability depends on source
Match existing color brick
-
r
r
r
r
-
r
Client preference: TREMCO Burmastic Composite (3 Layer)
Flat Roofs
Glazing
Clear-gray
Clear-pyro low E-clear
Clear-pyro low E-gray
Clear-soft coat low E-clear
Clear-soft coat low E-gray
Architectural Design Standards
r
Very sensitive to installation
Primary entries
Use for secondary entries
Heat gain may be problematic
r
r
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H.
Non-Process Interior Finish Materials Matrix:
Non-process and process facilities will be constructed of materials that have been
evaluated for their life span, cost, and sustainable aspects. Materials are
recommended based on these criteria and also availability and appropriateness for the
application proposed.
Materials
Cost
Lifespan
Sustainability
Non- Process Interior
Flooring
Vinyl Composition Tile
Rubber Tile
Terrazzo (poured in place)
Terrazzo Tile
Carpet
Ceramic Tile
Coated Concrete
Exposed Concrete
Linoleum
$
$$
$$$
$$
$$
$$
$
$
$$
20+
20+
50+
20+
20+
20+
20+
20+
20+
-+
-
Walls
Gypsum Wall Board w/ paint
Ceramic Tile
Acoustic panels
Brick veneer (reclaimed)
$
$$
$$
$$$
20+
20+
20+
30+
Ceiling
Gypsum Wall Board w/ paint
Acoustic Ceiling Tile System
Metal Ceiling Panel System
$
$
$$
20+
20+
20+
Furnishings
Plastic laminate over board core
Wood Veneer over board core
Wood construction
$
$$
$$$
20+
20+
20+
Architectural Design Standards
Recommended
Comments
r
Requires skilled installation
r
r
Good durability & low maintenance
r
Client preference
Softest option, acoustic benefits, check IAQ requirements
+
Ergonomically deficient
+
r
Made from natural renewable materials
r
r
Sustainable paint: low VOC, limited chemical components
+
r
r
Better choice for design details or water-resistance
r
r
Chemical resistant laminate at lab areas
Good durability
+
-
+
2' x 2' preferred, non-directional
Certified wood veneer
Certified wood increases price further
Page 17 of 18
October 21, 2004
I.
Process Exterior/Interior Finish Materials Matrix.
Materials - Process Buildings
Cost
Lifespan
Sustainability
Building Envelope- Process
Concrete Masonry Units
Concrete, cast-in-place
Metal siding
Brick (standard)
Brick (reclaimed)
Exposed steel canopies
Aluminum Louver
$$
$$$
$$
$
$$
$
$$
75+
75+
30+
50+
50+
30+
30+
+
-
Flat Roofs
Built-up Roofing
$
15 to 25
-
Thermoplastic
Green Roof
$$
$$
15 to 25
20 to 25
+
Wall Panel and Sloped Roofs
Standing Seam Galvalume
Standing Seam Coated
Standing Seam Aluminum
Standing Seam Stainless Steel
$
$
$$
$$$
20+
20+
20+
30+
-
Glazing
Clear-gray
Clear-pyro low E-clear
Clear-pyro low E-gray
Clear-soft coat low E-clear
Clear-soft coat low E-gray
$
$$
$$$
$$$
$$$$
50+
50+
50+
50+
50+
-+
Flooring - Interior
Vinyl Composition Tile
Rubber Tile
Ceramic Tile
Epoxy Coated Concrete
Linoleum
$
$$
$$
$
$$
20+
20+
20+
20+
20+
-+
+
Walls - Interior
Gypsum Wall Board w/ paint
Ceramic Tile
Epoxy-coated CMU or Concrete
Brick veneer (reclaimed)
$
$$
$
$
20+
20+
20+
20+
Doors
Aluminum Storefront
Hollow-Metal door and frame
Overhead door
$$
$
$
30+
30+
20+
Recommended
Comments
r
r
r
r
r
r
r
Best for life-cycle costs
Problems with VOCs and off-gassing
r
r
Install in support spaces where use is less intense
+
+
r
r
-
r
r
r
Primary entries
Use for secondary entries
Use for process / vehicle entries
—End of Section—
Architectural Design Standards
Page 18 of 18
October 21, 2004