Intra-flow Loss Recovery and Control for VoIP Henning Sanneck Adam Wolisz

Intra-flow Loss Recovery and Control for VoIP
Henning Sanneck
Nguyen Tuong Long Le
Adam Wolisz
GMD Fokus
Kaiserin-Augusta-Allee 31
D-10589 Berlin, Germany
GMD Fokus
Kaiserin-Augusta-Allee 31
D-10589 Berlin, Germany
[email protected]
[email protected]
Technical University Berlin,
Telecommunication Networks
Group, Sekr. FT 5-2
Einsteinufer 25
D-10587 Berlin, Germany
[email protected]
ABSTRACT
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Copyright © 2001 by the Association for Computing Machinery, Inc. Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal
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+1 (212) 869-0481. or [email protected].
To appear in ACM MULTIMEDIA ’01 Ottawa, Canada
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Categories
and Subject Descriptors
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General
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Keywords
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1.
INTRODUCTION
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(%
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(%
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et
ck
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s
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pa
50
+1
ra
ss
50
utility contribution
of the +1 packets
with loss recovery
ss
ra
te
lo
a)
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s
100
lo
of the -1 packets
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100
loss rate [all packets] (%)
(%
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100
loss rate [all packets] (%)
-1
p
utility (%)
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los
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p
rat
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los
s
b)
100
ack
ets
(%
)
ack
ets
100
50
100
loss rate [all packets] (%)
50
100
loss rate [all packets] (%)
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State
000
001
010
011
100
101
110
111
Probability of
being in the state
0.8721
0.0208
0.0142
0.0102
0.0208
0.0036
0.0102
0.0481
Probability
of l(s)=0
0.9779
0.6112
0.8819
0.2710
0.9278
0.4198
0.8109
0.1539
Probability
of l(s)=1
0.0221
0.3888
0.1181
0.7290
0.0722
0.5802
0.1891
0.8461
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4
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frame position
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8!4!B!K(*Š(*#!T1=-8Q $ý r[#!";!-"!09(*#!T
T65*0(*(WL1"!0*#!TALJ65J8Q
r o F€G9!
0#!#!14Y@0JB!"C4/L!@%2=@65&"!( k ägiFIƒ o 9!*:
&B![eD)6H=9!;4!B!N()[(*#!TS=18Q \ý r@#!"
!#7/B!T(LB!#!"!*6@=AWA8j
r&F@,.#/*#!T(L)'I8Q
—N)<GŠ*(?'!*($4i65&"!(*N0JB!$!$i$8!5
B(B!D)'K!](e1"!$65&"!(+*16@]B!\*#C!
6H=*#OF\G9!*A0#C4YHv&!(3*#!"t;8Q(*(*00R;*8+!H4!B!
(*I(*#!TA!44!*(**ŠX*#;8j€(*[T65*0()"!*
*4!BJ*#O'&!N*6@[6@[)4!B!98I((Y";**#!(*B!"!"
k #!-=K!9B!#J(#!T@4"@!!ev&*6H=*#1)8i!-#!"!
ý_úCø
ý_ú2o #!(L]*#!(B!"![()
*#(P(*!44!*(*W%LVõ k
B!#J(*#!TV/B!#![(3T-)-g&B( ú RXägiF ½ o F
^
A
‡
^ V#!(Lt"!*B!$!VB!(W5g&B(*=D)(WLt!]>TD)2#
v!65!(*$!eÒ#>*#/=adeæ(*E#))((*T!6ìi8Q6@
#!"\1!eb!eb()65&"!(*0#]0JB!N!*-i8Q6H#!F
—N*(*$#C!]*61B!(3=*#C#*#!"‚6@:$0#t4Y
8Q)B!#!"V*#7„ ½ re–F
3
4
5
6
burst length k
7
8
9
10
‹
5.2
Sensitivity due to ADU heterogeneity
,.#yT!`âJF ½ F r<20D)S#x=H#!DJW%LtC{[—Nh
!T#!W%LVB!(*#S$*#V#!)#J?Y*&"!*A(*9=#OF
G9/B!0';y65#!*6
= k S#!0 o !C#!"!S*<#!L
!:}"!D)5=@=#}8Q)6å!]D/*2"=JFxMB!!
65)'i#Vv&!(**W[&Y)#V4Y.#2#!"Ja#!"S#!"2!J
4/L/!V6@:#!*6@-*-#!L k MŠ*T!F!ƒ o F
E
‚ 1
2
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†iÍy‘i‹‰O‘YÌt‘iŽIÎ
ŒJ•‹=j‡>‘!‹0ŒJÎ
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ʋ“A†t•‹0‘!‹0ŒS‰€Ž¶:Ì3Œ!ŽP°!‹ËO¶è€‘•ŒJÎ_‡>†OÎIŒ!ÌNÏ VaÌ3èŒ&0‹Ñ
MŠ*TB! ½½ #!" ½ r1!eb!E=98Q9!AB(P#!"V!E
*6@"4!B!A()(*#!T!E8QE\! kaúåý r o #!">
% ý = kaúÿý
½ ' p *(*4i o 65&"!(iWD/(L F ^ ]#
4!D)[=9—N
¸[ä—wi-!4!B!9!44!(*%L@B!D)*#
!V"!*"}-0L)F n )@8!V!)44!*(%Lt6H5@#!#J
="7=A*(3="(* k !5*"!0(4i0D&*B!-B!(*">4i$!
&B!#!H8+#!(L(3=">(* k ý
½ o 9!*:>0#74i@:v&
!"5W :ö ý Ô *#56@8 p *(*4i+65&"!(6@ o F
1
gq
…;†‡>ˆI‘Q•†ŽÞ†YÍy‘i‹‰P‘iÌt‘YŽPÎ
Œ&•‹j‡>‘J‹eŒ&Î
È 3°‰P=ŒåÉiÉiÊ
èK‰P•‹HÌ3†Y•0•@ÌQŒJŽP°‹=Ëx=‘!‹0ŒJ•1‘i•$‘7Í.‰€ŽI‹3†Ž}†YÍ9芉P•‹\Ì3Œ!ŽP°!‹Ë
ÊN‹ËPeŒ&Œ<•‹0‘!‹0ŒS‰IŽO¶:Ì3Œ!ŽO°‹Ë¶è€‘•ŒJÎ_‡>†PÎIŒJÌ
´
Drop Tail
DiffRED
Drop Tail (estimated)
DiffRED (estimated)
−1
burst loss length rate gk, estimated burst loss length
−1
10
run−length model (m=1): Gilbert model
0
10
B!N!B!(W98IT!2âJF rE$"!D)(*21#!b
6@/*#!T!6@X0(*(*"1˜&Y: l i%L/."$˜&(*WD/X—N*83
o FG-!—N,.MŠM€
8Q#)3( l n &*#!T k ˜ l X—N,.MŠM n {[¸
n {[¸ ×:!6@;#!#)N!$!*T!N!*.LS:N#
!H8Q65;#/3(2!Hit*T#(#!"C(*1#7!
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^
Y·
U·
MŠ*TB! ½ âH!e[!1*65!(*1(T)!6àW#<*#H!B!"!
o #J
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7#!W*#OF
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k !!5:EE#! o 'O56@!(*0L]6@!(*$(*T!6
N#!";!-#!L% ½ N):K8QŠ6@i#!=*# k ägiF Ó o R
834!B!X8i/Ù ½ E):4i#$#)0'&[i#!"!*#!T
#&B!614iK8Y ½ :K*K#)X6@65"!3=(LFŠ˜/94YBJK!
#!L>#/B!614YA8+4i#/A ½ 2:E*AJ;*#!
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!\Ù ½ Û ù ½ 4!B!E*650'P!56@#>(*E8QE!5deÄ*((4Y
g/B(Š]!5)4iA
]0 k ägiF Ó o F
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D(*B!V#!"‚"!U#!$!e×6H#/L78Q65$=$!\4iT*#!#!*#!T)8
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k "!i#!"!*#!TH#V!E#!%\(*#!"!*# o FX,.#
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à ¼»”¾Ä¿DÅ;ÆOÇ Ã »”Ä[ÈɾÊhË
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Í Ã Æ£ºa»E¼½E¾p¿h½ÉÓÔÂË
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ÊE¾Ïl×ÙÆOÇ Ã »”ÄÈѾÊÚlÛWدÜÛ[Ë
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ÊE¾Ïl×ÙÆOÇ Ã »EÄÈѾÊÚlÛfÝÉÜhÛfË
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ÊE¾Ïl×ÙÆOÇ Ã »”ÄÈѾÊÚlÛWدÜÛ[Ë
¾Ì ʔ¾
ÊE¾Ïl×ÙÆOÇ Ã »”ÄÈѾÊÚlÛ[ÂÛfË
¾Ïl×lÍ Ã
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¾Ïl×lÍ Ã
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Mˆ š œ ¶ \é
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È9È í
D(B!;8Q)[#/D);Y:2#!65**#!eD)!;,.#/#!
k r Ô ú2÷ 8JB!"!*9"=9iP): o F€{t(3TO#&B!614iP8
B!(*"
!(*2H"!B!;!;(3=D)AeD)!0"S)8Š!;!&(€!0"!
4!BJ-(A*#!0+![:z0=*#H"!(3LH#!"\6@+#!"!
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k "!B!5$(3T9(*9T) o 65)N"!Ú@B!(0F
5.2.1
End-to-end simulation description
—NB!1H!1#!)#J?Y*&"!*$(*N=#O'1#!"<\vJ!(*(L
/3=;@"!)<!44!*(*.L]<@*#!T(*;[!##
#!"J??#!"y6@/"!(?F`G9!8jV2B!S>=2#!=
n eDC65&"!( k +#!B!*(*(*+6@/"!( o <"!4Y\!]#!.)
4Y0DJ*B!@@#}4/L‚0:}(3@8N0Fx)@
: k "!*T#="@4/L5 Ô A*#HMŠ*T!F ½ ƒ o "!!Y"@5!
!44!(*%L
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#!"
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k MŠ*T0F ½)½ #!" ½ r o !*D)$S8j*$65B!#/18
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L ¤ 1g
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8Q)T)B!#!"2#!"V4&TB!#!"V=Ú@B!0F
Marking Scheme
NO MARK
Network Model
0
FULL MARK
0
0
0
0
p0
0
p
+1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1
0
+1 p
0 +1
p
SPB MARK
0
+1 +1
ALT MARK
0
+1
SPB DIFFMARK
0
+1 +1 -1 -1
ALT DIFFMARK
-1
0
0
+1
+1
0
+1
0
0
+1 p
+1
0
0
p
-1
p-1
0
+1 -1
+1 -1
+1
tŒ
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o FIMŠ*#(*(L)'Š;8-!B!H)4i1
2d0
k à Z
n {[¸ åS*#
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MŠ*T!F ½ ƒ o FHMiE!H˜ l 6H&#!T2!65E!@i#)T)@8
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i$6H=*(/B!"OF ^ -4J*#!"1*65*(3€6@&*#!T[Y#/
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Y·
Y·
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Y·
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5.2.2
Results
MŠ*TB! ½eÓ !0E!@YJB(+"!**#>8jE!@6@/*#!T
;1g
!65"!i#!"!#)N#2!E"!)V!)44!*(%L
)F+G9!AB!#!!
" k à Z n {[¸ o [!1!T)!NiJB(Š"!*
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#/3(
o S}*T#!U#)(L
6@/*#!Tx!65 k ˜ l X—N,.MŠM n {[¸
4iAY:7g/B(%L<D)#!#>#!(LB!*#!T2V#!:%<
DJE9!*:265B!#/@4i[:
)$*#V!A()#!T$6VF à =A!@{[ºJG—N,.MŠM n {[¸ ë6H/*#!TV=TL"!&;#!A"!*83
8Q-8Q6u!4Y9
$ k !:]#JU65!B!(98
T)!$âJF ½ F r o FŠ˜ l X—N,.MŠM n {[¸ _K([D)#14i€#
!*#/ade‚»[/˜N{[ºJG- n {[¸ x:!6@'ei*((L8QP!*T!
D(*B!98 )FKG9!NB!(WD(*"[!N=TL@8IB!˜ l 6@/*#!T!6@I=Š"![#!Šg&B(*(WLA6@E(*(/:I;
!*T!Š!*.LA4!BJK=!Š![B!4!Š88j65IK
#)3(/[!+Y:1g/B(%L)FIG9!9˜ l XMKä m :!6@ k „ ½ r=– o '
Y·
U·
gä
U·
o1g
ä
Y·
Y·
^ 90D)[(*Ei8Q6@"@*#!8Q6@(!(*#!#!TK!*5#J
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8Q6
l+m-n
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9!BJ;(*A#!(6@#)A50D)@8jB!#!">=;;#!W
!vJ!4![*T#!U#)65Y(P#!D&%L\#!)#!D&%L
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!5iCg/B(*%L<*A#!0">4!BJA!@6@B!#/A8+*#!
v&!*4!V#!T‚65i)(#!WDJ.L)FØMi654"b/"!
6@!(*83L7#C)#!H#!"7!\*65189();4/L71!T)=
*#O'/!B!TH#@![!X#!"HB!:@&"!*#!T;!65+!(*@
i8Q)6Ø()+#!(6@#)4)L@v&i(3=*#@)8"!&"!=F
m #)L765!(*4"t&"!5]0D)\!e9#t1!
#!0(*65#)KY8Q6@#!8!! p F qrs"!/"!K6H0L24!0&
=#!)#!-!*#]!;Y:S*T#(I!eD)'!&B![!09
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5
SPB−FEC
NO MARK
SPB−MARK
SPB−DIFFMARK
ALT−MARK
ALT−DIFFMARK
FULL MARK
4.5
4
Perceptual distortion
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
0.5
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
drop probability parameter p0
g— ;š
ѝ
š œ
0.2
0.25
› …
­ 2Ñ5Í?†i\‹ËPŒ
í œ È 3 °‰P=Œ‚É Ê [Œ/Œ&ˆI‹=‰P‘YÌ Vj•‹0†ie‹=3†ŽÄÏ
‡>‘e”IaŽO°t•0ËPŒJ‡>ŒJ•$‘iŽIÎ_­
¶ È E…
›
gå
!*>B!;"!B!#!"#!:L @!*TTLJ4:">#!@6@*#>LJ(*)"
: k ¸M m r ½ s)ãJ'K„ q=– o \!:EHB!4!N)8Š!;:'
#4!(*+ND)L$T)/&"5BJ!BJ+Y:@g/B(%L18Q(*ex(*0F
|[eD)'IA!)B!("74i@#!"E!@6@B!#)A)8+"=]#)
eD)K!9#!.-;**#!0"@4)L$ƒ Ô ü ƒ Õ F à -=!9*61BJ
(3=*#H!B!6@+=+!*"!"!*#(*(L5#!B!65"H4#!"J*"J
(*8"!&1#!;#/*4!BJ@*T#!U#)(L2#!T*#OF]G9!*
B!65J*#H#!(L@D(**"H*8I;6@(*(i8Q*#\8O=Ú@N*XD/*
k „ ã=– o FG9!$˜ l +?MKä m B!D)1*[#/D)vV9S*#!0*#!T
'
"!B!A@!A*#!0*#!T@(*(3=*#<#S*#!0*#!T@#&B!614i
8€)#!BJD):-0LJ*#!T5"!B!#!"#!:L2(*9(*0"!*#!T
@B!#!eD)4!(*A(*F-G-!AB!D);8QN˜ l X—N,.MŠM n {[¸ Ø*
1o
\1 &• æ
#!00D)'!eD)'=L&*(*"!*#!T[4Y:Ši8Q6H#!+8Q
U·
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Y·
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;6H" o #!#!N!;iJB(Šg&B(*W%L)F[|[0-:D/'
!\B!"!L>"!*#!H#!"7!HiJB(+"!**#78!
˜ l + n {[¸ ×!65 k ƒ Ô ü ƒ Õ
8-(*(K):E6H" o *
*T#!U#)(L(*e;#!"7D)L>()52!@g&B(*.L>8!@"!
o F
&"!"*T#(I!#(*(€:16@" k MŠh[ºPº n {[¸
Y·
Y·
G9!*@(*!0$54/L‚!*#!T!V#/*]de
#!(L}
6@#!)$*6@!0D/6@#)5*#}!ViJB(g&B(*.L‚@)4J*#!"OF
G9!]B!(58Q1!VMŠh[ºIº n {[¸ ì!65V(*!eu=0'
!*(A!1()[865;8K!$Ù ½ :[[65;650B!
4!(*@*65:0'€!@*65:1#7iJB(+g&B(*.L>0#C*(*(4Y
#!*"!"]54YD)L\(*0AF
Y·
6.
CONCLUSIONS
,.#!*OiOK0D)K:*z"E!K4i0DJ)B!P8&-65!(*
4"@/"! k?l+m-no #!"HE8j654"@&"! k.p F qrs o *#5!
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7.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
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8.
ADDITIONAL AUTHORS
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