On-farm soybean variety evaluation for suitability to organic

On-farm soybean variety evaluation for suitability to organic
and transition to organic production in southern Manitoba
Michelle Carkner, Martin Entz
Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2
Results
Introduction
Data Averages Across All Sites 2014 & 2015
Yield*
3000
Relationship between Variety Mean Yield and Site Mean Yield
*Frost damaged site yield omitted from aggregation
2500
4000.0
2000
1500
3500.0
500
0
Tundra
SK0007
OAC
Prudence
Toma
DH 863
OAC Petrel
Jari
DH 401
SVX14T0053
Auriga
Savanna
Krios
Fig. 3. Yield data averaged across Carman 2014 & 2015, St. Pierre-Jolys 2014 , Woodmore 2014 & 2015, Elie 2014. Somerset 2015 Yield adjusted to
13.5% moisture
Height (cm)
Objective: Evaluate and identify non-GM soybean
varieties suited to organic production systems
Plant Height
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
DH 401
3000.0
DH 863
Jari
Krios
2500.0
OAC Petrel
OAC Prudence
2000.0
Savanna
SK0007
1500.0
SVX14T0053
Toma
1000.0
Tundra
500.0
1300
1550
1800
2050
2300
2550
2800
3050
Site Mean Yield (kg/ha)
Tundra
SK0007
OAC
Prudence
Toma
DH 863
OAC Petrel
Jari
DH 401
SVX14T0053
Auriga
Savanna
Krios
Fig. 6. Relative variety stability across all sites for Carman 2014 & 2015, St. Pierre-Jolys 2014 , Woodmore 2014 & 2015, Elie 2014.
Somerset 2015.
Relationship between Variety Mean Yield and Site Mean Yield
Fig. 4. Plant height at maturity data averaged across Carman 2014 & 2015, St. Pierre-Jolys 2014 , Woodmore 2014 & 2015, Elie 2014. Somerset 2015.
1.8
Pod Height
16
Specifically adapted to favourable
1.6 environments
14
1.4
Regression Coefficient
18
Pod Height (cm)
Auriga
1000
Variety Mean Yield (kg/ha)
Yield (kg/ha)
Background:
• Manitoba is the most significant soybean
producer in western Canada.
• Despite competitive prices, organic soybean
production remains stagnant and dismal.
• Two challenges facing organic growers are lack of
varietal choice and performance data under
organic production
• Conventionally bred varieties may not be
appropriate under organic conditions
Yield Stability
In order of earliest maturity to latest
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Tundra
SK0007
OAC
Prudence
Toma
DH 863
OAC Petrel
Jari
DH 401
SVX14T0053
Auriga
Savanna
1.2
1.0
SVX14T0053
DH 863
Krios
DH
401
Auriga Jari
SK0007
Tundra
OAC Petrel
Average
Well adapted to all environments
Poorly adapted to all
environments
0.8
0.6
0.4
Krios
Toma
Below average
OAC Prudencestability
Savanna
Above average
Specifically adapted to unfavourable
0.2 environments
Fig. 5. Pod height at maturity data averaged across Carman 2014 & 2015, St. Pierre-Jolys 2014 , Woodmore 2014 & 2015, Elie 2014. Somerset 2015.
0.0
1900
• Organic yields observed were comparable to conventional yields (figure 3)
1950
2000
2050
2100
2150
2200
2250
2300
2350
2400
Mean Variety Yield (kg/ha)
• Estimated yields ranged from 1935 kg/ha (Tundra) to 2367 kg/ha (Savanna)
Fig. 7. Relative variety stability for Carman 2014 & 2015, St. Pierre-Jolys 2014 , Woodmore 2014 & 2015, Elie 2014. Somerset 2015.
• Later maturing varieties outperformed early maturing varieties
• All varieties at Somerset and Swan Lake 2014 suffered yield loss and quality
downgrades due to hard frost damage on September 12 2014
Fig. 1 Organic soybeans grown in 2014 at St-Pierre-Jolys
• Differences between plant and pod heights were observed amongst varieties;
Jari outperforming most varieties, respectively (figures 4 and 5)
Research Station in Carman, and 5 organic farms in across
southern Manitoba
Savanna and Toma exhibited the highest yield and good stability across all sites,
followed by SVX14T0053 (figure 6)
•
All varieties exhibited adaptation responses to favourable conditions according to
Wilkinson and Finlay (1963) varietal stability interpretation (figure 7)
Variety Recommendations
Site Descriptions
Methods
• 10-12 varieties (table 1) were seeded at the Ian Morisson
•
•
Table 2. Soil nutrient status of six farms in Southern Manitoba at the 0-60cm soil depth increment.
Location
NitrateX
Olsen-P
Potassium
Sulfur
Zinc
X
N
(ppm)
(ppm)
(kg/ha) (ppm)
(kg/ha)
Copper
(ppm)
OMY
(%)
pH
SK0007 has the potential to be useful for organic growers due to early
season competitiveness, early maturity, and increased pod height
Carman 2014
5.5
•
Jari
is
a
good
option
for
growers
with
higher
heat
units
for
its
high
yield
• RCBD with four replicates at each site
58.2
10
125
20.2
1.1
0.69
2.4
Texture: Loamy sand
potential, increased plant height, and good pod height
St-Pierre-Jolys 2014
• Varieties were seeded between May
56
5
328.5
188.2
0.62
2.6
4.7
8
Texture: Light clay
21 and June 3, 2014 & 2015
Woodmore 2014
40.9
3.5
61.5
37
2.4
0.38
1.65 8.1
Texture: Sandy loam
• Plots received pre-emergence
Elie (transition) 2014
56
42
436
380
2.98
2.37
7.9 7.8
harrow, and inter-row cultivation
Texture: Clay loam
four weeks after seeding
Somerset 2014
77.3
7
391
47
1.46
0.42
5.4 7.7
• Identify traits for soybean varieties to compete with weeds through
Texture: Clay loam
Swan Lake 2014
7.2
• Varieties were harvested at maturity
tolerance vs. suppression, increasing weed competitiveness
108.6
46
408
123.2
2.75
4.5
Fig. 2. Locations of testing sites across southern Manitoba. The Texture: Clay loam
• Detect differences between varieties and nutrient accumulation in
red star indicates the site location. (Google Maps, 2015)
Carman 2015
42
12
197
30
1.61
0.63
3.2 6.4
organically managed soils
Table 1. Varieties evaluated, source, and company heat units (CHU)
Texture: Loamy sand
Measurements:
• Potential intercropping or relay cropping opportunities for organic
Variety
Source
CHU
Woodmore 2015
• Soil nutrient status
90
62
62
34
0.38
.29
2.2
8
Tundra
Semences Prograin, Quebec
2350
Texture: Sandy loam
growers in Manitoba
(table 2)
SK0007
SK Foods, North Dakota
2375
Somerset 2015
• Creates baseline data for a potential short-season organic soybean
92
20
414
34
2.43
0.49
5.6 6.3
Texture: Clay loam
Robert Wiens, Domain,
• Plant Height at V3 and OAC Prudence
breeding program
XNitrogen and sulfur determined for 0-15cm and 15cm-60cm soil depths. Data shown is from total 0-60cm soil
Manitoba
2450
depth increment.
maturity
Toma
Semences Prograin, Quebec
2500
YOrganic Matter
DH 863
Sevita International, Ontario
2500
OAC Petrel
SG Ceresco, Quebec
2520
• Biomass (crop and
Jari
Elite Le Coop, Quebec
2550
Acknowledgments
weeds) at R1 and R5
DH 401
Sevita International, Ontario
2550
I would like to thank and acknowledge the cooperation of the farmers who participated, Dr. Martin
SVX14T0053 Sevita International, Ontario
2625
Entz and the Natural Systems Agriculture Lab for their support this season.
• First pod height
Auriga
Elite Le Coop, Quebec
2625
Support from Growers International Organic Sales, Manitoba Pulse and Soybean Growers, and the
Savanna
Homestead Organics, Ontario
2650
Natural Science and Engineering Research Council for their financial support is greatly appreciated.
Krios
Elite Le Coop, Quebec
2675
• Yield
Future Research
Finlay, K. W., & Wilkinson, G. N. (1963). The analysis of adaptation in a plant-breeding programme. Australian Journal of Agricultural Resources, (14), 742–754.