16 ukScr[kkus esa bcknr ikB dk laf{kIr ifjp; ;rhaæ feJ

Question Bank in Hindi Class X (Term-II) Course A
ukScr[kkus esa bcknr
16
;rhaæ feJ
ikB dk laf{kIr ifjp;
fp=k.k izLrqr fd;k gSA ;=k&r=k çlaxo'k Hkkjr osQ vusd yksdokn~;ksa
dk Hkh o.kZu gSA ys[kd us cM+h bZekunkjh ls ys[kd osQ LoHkko]
#fp;ksa ,oa muosQ mnkj eu dks mosQjk gS] tks ys[kd dh fon~oRrk esa
pkj pk¡n yxk nsrk gSA
ikB dk lkj
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ns[kh fiQYeksa dks ;kn djrs Fks] rks dHkh iDdk egky dh oqQylqe
gyokbu dh ^NUu* dh vkok”k osQ lkFk] nslh ?kh esa ryrh vkjksg&vojksg
osQ lkFk curh Lokfn"V dpkSfM+;ksa dks ;kn djrsA cpiu esa os dHkh
ekek] ekSlh vkSj ekeh ls nks&nks iSls bdV~Bk dj 6 iSls esa FkMZ Dykl
esa fiQYesa ns[kus dh ;kn djrs rks dHkh fj;k”k osQ fy, ckyk th osQ
eafnj ij feyus okyh vBUuh ls lqykspuk dh yxh ubZ fI+kQYe ns[kus
dh ppkZ djrssA dHkh ekek dh 'kgukbZ ij iRFkj iVd&iVd dj nkn
nsus dh ;kn djrs rks dHkh ukuk dh ctkdj j[kh <sj lkjh 'kgukb;ksa
esa ls lcls ehBh ctus okyh 'kgukbZ <w¡<+rs gq, ckdh isaQd nsus dh ;kn
djrsA [kk¡ lkgc cukjl osQ ladVekspu eafnj dh 'kkL=kh; vkSj
mi'kkL=kh; xk;u&oknu lHkk esa Hkkx ysrs FksA cukjl ls ckgj jgus ij
Hkh igys ckyk th vkSj fo'oukFk eafnj dh rjiQ eq¡g djosQ 'kgukbZ
ctkrs FksA xaxk] cukjl vkSj 'kgukbZ tSls mudk thou FkkA ftls os
,d {k.k dks Hkh NksM+ vkSj oqQN ugha lksp ldrs FksA ^f[kLl* ls g¡l
nsus okyh lknxh esa thus okys [kk¡ lkgc vkt osQ dykdkjksa dh fj;k”k
osQ izfr ?kVrh vkLFkk ls nq[kh FksA lu~ 2000 osQ ckn iDdk egky ls
eykbZ cjiQ okyksa osQ tkus ls] nslh ?kh esa gksrh feykoV osQ dkj.k
dPkkSM+h&tysfc;ksa esa igys tSls Lokn osQ u jgus ls Hkh os nq[kh gks tkrs
FksA laxhr osQ egkuk;d mLrkn vyh [kk¡ 90 o"kZ dh yach vk;q esa
viuh lk/uk ls larq"V gks lalkj ls fonk gks x,A ,d lPps bUklku]
laxhr dks fny esa mrkjus okys ,oa e`R;qi;±r laxhr dh lPph lk/uk
djus okys fcfLeYykg [kk¡ lkgc osQ ÑR;ksa ls fo'o ;qxksa&;qxksa rd
miÑr gksrk jgsxkA
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veh#n~nhu miZQ fcfLeYykg [kk¡ dk tUe fcgkj esa lksu unh osQ
fdukjs cls Mqejko xk¡o osQ ,d laxhr izseh ifjokj esa gqvkA muls rhu
lky cM+s 'kElqn~nhu uked ,d HkkbZ Hkh FksA ijnknk mLrkn lykj
gqlSu [kk¡] firk mLrkn iSxacjc['k •k¡ vkSj ek¡ feV~Bu MqejkWo osQ
fuoklh FksA 6 lky dh mez esa os cukjl] tgk¡ muosQ nks tkusekus
'kgukbZoknd ekek lkfnd gqlSu vkSj vyhc['k ,oa ukuk jgrs Fks] vk
x,A ekek ckr&ckr ij Hkheiyklh vkSj eqyrkuh xkrs FksA os yksx
ckyk th osQ eafnj dh M~;ks<+h ij ctkbZ 'kgukbZ ls viuh fnup;kZ vkjaHk
djrs FksA fiQj njckjksa esa 'kgukbZ oknu dj viuh vkthfodk pykrs FksA
ufugky esa 14 lky dh mez ls gh mUgsa ckyk th osQ eafnj esa
bl iq'rSuh dyk osQ vH;kl esa yxk fn;k x;kA mUgksaus ogk¡ tkus dk
,slk jkLrk pquk fd tgk¡ mUgsa jlwyu vkSj crwyu ckbZ dh lquh
Bqefj;k¡] BIis vkSj nknjksa dh feBkl lqukbZ nssA laxhr dh feyh
vkuannk;h bl igyh f'k{kk dks os dHkh Hkwy ugha ik, vkSj thou Hkj
mlosQ vglkuean jgsA [kk¡ lkgc us ijaijk ls yksdxhrksa] pSrh vkSj
ekaxfyd voljksa esa iz;qDr eaxy dh izR;sd 'kgukbZ dh lqj lk/uk
dks vius thou dk y{; cuk;kA eqgjZe osQ nl fnuksa esa [kk¡ lkgc
vius iwjs [kkunku osQ lkFk u rks 'kgukbZ ctkrs Fks vkSj u gh fdlh
dk;ZØe esa fgLlk ysrs FksA vkBoha rkjh[k dks os 'kgukbZ ctkrs vkSj
nkyeaMh ls iQkreku rd Hkhxh vk¡[kksa ls uksgk ctkdj fudyrs gq,
lcdh vk¡[kksa dks fHkxks nsrs FksA
iqQjlr osQ le; esa mLrkn vkSj vCcktku dks os ;kn u dj
viuh ilan dh lqykspuk vkSj xhrkckyh tSls vfHkusf=k;ksa dh mudh
AN
izLrqr ikB Jh ;rhaæ feJ n~okjk fyf[kr ^ukScr[kkus esa bcknr*
'kh"kZd ls mn~/`r gSA blesa ys[kd us fo'o izfln~/ 'kgukbZ oknd
Hkkjr jRu ls foHkwf"kr Lo- Jh fcfLeYykg [kk¡ dh ckY;koLFkk ls
ysdj mudh miyfC/;ksa rd dk cM+k gh ekfeZd ,oa lkfgfR;d
'kCnkFkZ ,oa fVIif.k;k¡
v”kknkjh ¾ ekre djuk] nq[k eukuk_ M~;ks<+h ¾ ngyh”k_ l”knk ¾ ekFkk
Vsduk_ ukScr[kkuk ¾ ços'k n~okj osQ Åij eaxy èofu ctkus dk LFkku_
fj;k”k ¾ vH;kl_ ekI+kZQr ¾ n~okjk_ Ükàxh ¾ lhax dk cuk okn~;;a=k_
eqjNax ¾ ,d çdkj dk yksd okn~;;a=k_ user ¾ bZ'oj dh nsu] lq[k]
/u nkSyr_ bcknr ¾ mikluk_ Ågkiksg ¾ my>u] vfuf'prrk_
frfyLe ¾ tknw_ cnLrwj ¾ dk;ns ls] rjhosQ ls_ xed ¾ egd] [kq'kcw_
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© GOYAL BROTHERS PRAKASHAN
nkn ¾ 'kkcklh_ vnc ¾ dk;nk] lkfgR;_ vygenqfyYykg ¾ reke
rkjhiQ bZ'oj osQ fy,_ ftthfo"kk ¾ thus dh bPNk_ f'kjdr ¾ 'kkfey
gksuk_ okftc ¾ mfpr_ jkstukepk ¾ fnup;kZ_ iksyh ¾ [kkyh_ iw¡Qdk
tkuk ¾ ctk;k tkuk_ cafn'k ¾ /qu_ ifjos'k ¾ ekgkSy_ izfrf"Br
¾ lEekfur_ lkgctkns ¾ csVs_ eqjkn ¾ bPNk_ fu"ks/ ¾ eukgh_
ue ¾ xhyh] Hkhxh_ xe”knk ¾ nq[k ls iw.kZ_ ekgkSy ¾ okrkoj.k_
lq o w Q u ¾ jkgr] vkjke_ ckylq y Hk ¾ cPpks a tS l h_ vkLFkk ¾
Jn~/k ls Hkjk fo'okl_ iq'rksa ¾ ihf<+;ksa_ dykèkj ¾ dyk dks /kj.k
djus okyk] tkudkj_ fo'kkyk{kh ¾ cM+h vk¡[kksa okyh_ csrkys ¾ fcuk
rky osQ_ nqvk ¾ vk'khokZn_ rgen ¾ yqaxh_ ijojfnxkj ¾ bZ'oj_
djrc ¾ [ksy@tknw] ljrkt ¾ vknjlwpd 'kCn_ vkuandkuu ¾ cukjl
(okjk.klh) dk ,d i;kZ;_ uk;kc ¾ vuks[kk_ nknjk ¾ ,d çdkj
dk pyrk xkukA nks vn~ è kZ ek=kkvks a osQ rky dks Hkh nknjk dgk
tkrk gSA
lesfVo vlslesaV osQ fy,
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,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh- ikB~;iqLrd osQ iz'uksRrj
1- 'kgukbZ dh nqfu;k esa Mqejk¡o dks D;ksa ;kn fd;k tkrk gS\
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mRrj % Mqejk¡o esa çfln~/ 'kgukbZ oknd mLrkn fcfLeYyk [kk¡ osQ
laxhr izseh ijnknk mLrkn lykj [kk¡] firk mLrkn iSxacjc['k
[kk¡ vkSj ek¡ feV~Bu jgrh FkhaA fcfLeYyk [kk¡ dk tUe Hkh
ogha gqvkA Mqejk¡o esa gh lksu unh osQ fdukjs dh ujdV ?kkl
ls 'kgukbZ esa iz;ksx dh tkus okyh jhM curh gSA bldk iz;ksx
[kk¡ lkgc osQ ufugky dk'kh esa jgus okys muosQ tkus&ekus
'kgukbZ oknd ekek lkfnd gqlSu vkSj vyhc['k rFkk ukuk
Hkh djrs FksA blfy, Mqejk¡o ls 'kgukbZ dh nqfu;k dk
vfHkUu ukrk gSA
4- vk'k; Li"V dhft, µ
(d) ^iQVk lqj u c['ksaµ yqafx;k dk D;k gS] vkt
iQVh gS] rks dy lh tk,xhA*
vFkok
^iQVk lqj c['ksaA yqafx;k dk D;k gS_ vkt iQVh gS rks
dy lh tk,xhA* bl dFku osQ vk/kj ij fcfLeYyk
[kk¡ osQ O;fDrRo dh fo'ks"krk,¡ Li"V dhft,A
mRrj % mLrkn fcfLeYyk [kk¡ dks ,d fnu tc mudh f'k";k us iQVh
yqaxh igudj yksxksa ls feyus osQ fy, Vksdk rks mUgksaus mls
le>krs gq, dgk fd mUgksaus dHkh os'kHkw"kk dks egRo ugha
fn;kA lqj dh lk/uk gh iz/ku jgh] mldks iz/kurk nsrs gq,
cuk, j[kkA bZ'oj ls thou Hkj os ;gh izkFkZuk djrs jgs fd
pkgs diM+s iQVs gh D;ksa u iguuk iM+s] mudk lkr lqjksa dks
cjrus dk lyhdk lq/jrk gh tk,A blls mudh fuEufyf[kr
fo'ks"krk,¡ izdV gksrh gSa ^lknk thou] mPp fopkj* rFkk
^lPps laxhr lk/dA*
([k) esjs ekfyd lqj c['k nsA lqj esa og rklhj iSnk
dj fd vk¡[kksa ls lPps eksrh dh rjg vux<+
vk¡lw fudy vk,¡A
mRrj % mLrkn fcfLeYyk [kk¡ vLlh o"kZ dh vk;q esa Hkh vius
'kgukbZ oknu esa lkr lqjksa dks mRre :i esa u lk/ ikus dh
viuh deh dks le>rs FksA os izkFkZuk djrs Fks fd bZ'oj mUgsa
viuk lPpk lqj iznku djsA os 'kgukbZ dks eaxy èofu dk
vkèkkj cukus osQ fy, fnu esa ik¡p ckj vnk dh tkus okyh
viuh uek”k esa [kqnk ls ;gh izkFkZuk djrs fd mUgsa lkr lqjksa
dh ,slh lk/uk vk tk, fd l/k lqj lqudj lHkh dh vk¡[kksa
ls çse vkSj d#.kk cgus yxsA lHkh osQ ân; fueZy gks tk,¡A
5- dk'kh esa gks jgs dkSu&ls ifjorZu fcfLeYyk [kk¡ dks
O;fFkr djrs Fks\
mRrj % fcfLeYyk [kk¡ fj;k”kh gksus osQ lkFk Loknh Hkh FksA mUgsa ckn
osQ fnuksa esa dk'kh esa xk;dksa osQ n~okjk ?kaVksa fj;k”k ls th
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2- fcfLeYyk [kk¡ dks 'kgukbZ dh eaxy èofu dk uk;d
D;ksa dgk tkrk gS\
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mRrj % fcfLeYyk [kk¡ us Hkkjr esa ikjaifjd :i ls ekaxfyd vFkok
vU; volj fo'ks"k ij çeq[k okn~; 'kgukbZ dh lk/uk dks
eaxy èofu dk lwpd cuk;kA 'kgukbZ nf{k.k Hkkjr osQ eaxy
okn~; ukxLoje~ dh rjg izHkkrh dh vFkkZr eaxy dh gh
iwjd gSA bls lqudj lHkh osQ eu esa ,d&nwljs osQ izfr eaxy
osQ Hkko txrs FksA dk'kh fo'oukFk vkSj ckyk th osQ eafnj ls
mudh fnup;kZ vkjaHk gksrh FkhA vR;fèkd lgtrk osQ lkFk
laxhr lk/uk ls os ykssdlsok djrs gq, yksd eaxy esa tqVs
jgsA blhfy, os eaxy èofu osQ uk;d dgyk,A
3- lqf"kj okn~;ksa ls D;k vfHkçk; gS\ 'kgukbZ dks ^lqf"kj
okn~;ksa esa 'kkg* dh mikf/ D;ksa nh xbZ gksxh\
mRrj % ,sls okn~; ftUgsa iw¡Qddj ctk;k tk,] tks vanj ls iksys vkSj
Nsn okys gksa] lqf"kj okn~; dgykrs gSaA buesa ck¡lqjh] 'kgukbZ]
ukxLoje~ vkSj chu okn~; vkrs gSaA
'kgukbZ dks lqf"kj okn~;ksa esa 'kkg dh mikf/ blfy, nh xbZ
gS D;ksafd ;g vius oxZ esa loZJs"B fln~/ gksrh gSA
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ehBh ctus okyh 'kgukbZ pquus dh dksf'k'k djrs vkSj
vliQy gksrsA eqyrkuh vkSj Hkheiyklh tSlh jkx&jkfxfu;ksa
ls mudk ifjp; muosQ nksuksa ekekvksa osQ n~okjk gqvkA 5 ls 6
o"kZ dh vk;q osQ ckn os dk'kh vkdj vius laxhrdkj ukuk
vkSj ekek osQ lkFk jgus yxsA 14 o"kZ dh vk;q esa ckyk th
osQ eafnj esa fj;k”k osQ fy, tkrs le; os jlwyu vkSj crwyu
ckbZ osQ fuokl ls gksdj xqtjus vkSj Bqejh] BIis vkSj nknjksa
dks lqudj [kq'k gksrsA mUgksaus jlwyu vkSj crwyu ckbZ ls gh
laxhr dh o.kZekyk dks i<+uk lh[kkA ,d ckj ,d iQdhj
dh 'kgukbZ oknu ij dh xbZ ç'kalk vkSj ckj&ckj 'kgukbZ
ctk, tkus osQ vkxzg ls Hkh os izsfjr gq,A
fcfLeYyk [kk¡ osQ O;fDrRo dh dkSu&dkSu&lh fo'ks"krkvksa
us vkidks izHkkfor fd;k\ [CBSE 2011 (Term-II)]
fcfLeYyk [kk¡ dh ¯gnw /eZ osQ izfr fo'ks"k vkLFkk] nwljs
/eks± osQ izfr iwjk lEeku] tkfr] oxZ] /eZ ls Åij mBdj
euq"; gksus esa fo'okl] laosnu'khy izÑfr vkSj mPp fopkjksa
osQ lkFk lknxh ls Hkjh thou'kSyh fdlh dks Hkh mudh vksj
[khap ysrh FkhA [kq'kfe”kkt] feyulkj 14 lky dh mez ls
80 lky rd os 'kgukbZ osQ vH;kl djrs jgsA mlosQ ckn Hkh
dfe;ksa dks eglwl dj lPps lqj dh mudh iz;Ru'khyrk]
lkfgR; vkSj laxhr lHkkvksa esa #fp] vkt Hkh dykdkjksa esa
/hjt osQ lkFk fj;k”k djus dh izsj.kk txkrh gSA
eqgjZe ls fcfLeYyk [kk¡ lkgc osQ tqM+ko dks vius 'kCnksa
esa fyf[k,A
eqgjZe osQ eghus esa fcfLeYyk [kk¡ lkgc vius iwjs [kkunku
osQ lkFk g”kjr beke gqlSu vkSj muosQ oa'ktksa osQ izfr iwjs nl
fnu dk 'kksd eukrs FksA os bl nkSjku u rks 'kgukbZ ctkrs vkSj
u gh fdlh laxhr osQ dk;ZØe esa Hkkx ysrs FksA eghus dh
vkBoha rkjh[k dks tks fo'ks"k egRo dh gksrh] os [kM+s gksdj
'kgukbZ ctkrs vkSj nkyeaMh ls iQkreku osQ djhc vkB
fdyksehVj dh nwjh rd iSny jksrs gq, uksgk ctkrs fudyrs
FksA 'kgukbZ esa dksbZ jkx&jkfxfu;k¡ u ctkrsA g”kkj o"kZ dh
ijaijk dks iquthZfor djrs [kk¡ lkgc vkSj muosQ ifjokj osQ
yksx 'kgknr ij viuh vk¡[ksa ue dj 'kksd izdV djrs FksA
bl izdkj ,d cM+s dykdkj dh ekuork viuh egkurk ls
lHkh dks Hkko foHkksj dj nsrh FkhA
fcfLeYyk [kk¡ lkgc dyk osQ vuU; mikld Fks] roZQ
lfgr mRrj nhft,A
[CBSE 2011 (Term-II)]
fcfLeYyk [kk¡ us vius ifjokj dh laxhr ijaijk dks cgqr
vkxs c<+k;kA ,d iQdhj osQ 'kgukbZ ctkus osQ vkxzg dks Hkh
egRo fn;kA ekek ls jkx&jkfxfu;ksa dh izsj.kk yh] ukuk ls
'kgukbZ ctkus dk gquj lh[kkA 14 lky dh mez ls gh ckyk
th eafnj ij fj;k”k dj lqj dh ckjhfd;ksa dks le>kA jlwyu
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pqjkuk] laxfr;ksa osQ fy, muesa vknj dk u gksuk vkSj dtyh]
pSrh osQ izfr yyd vkSj lEeku dk vHkko O;fFkr djrk FkkA
lu 2000 osQ vklikl osQ le; esa dk'kh esa iDdk egky ls
eykbZ&cjiQ cspus okyksa dk pyk tkuk vkSj nslh ?kh esa vPNs
Lokn osQ u jgus ls dpkSfM+;ksa vkSj tysfc;ksa dk igys dh
rjg Lokfn"V u jg ikuk Hkh nq[kh dj nsrk FkkA
ikB esa vk, fdu çlaxksa osQ vk/kj ij vki dg ldrs
gSa fdµ
(d) fcfLeYyk [kk¡ feyh&tqyh laLÑfr osQ çrhd FksA
fcfLeYyk [kk¡ us ¯gnw vkSj eqfLye nksuksa /eks± dk leku :i
ls vknj fd;k FkkA 14 o"kZ dh vk;q ls gh mUgsa vius ekek]
ukuk] firk o nknk n~okjk ckyk th osQ eafnj esa ikjaifjd :i
ls gksus okys 'kgukbZ osQ fj;k”k dh f'k{kk /eZ fujis{krk dh
lh[k osQ :i esa feyhA eqgjZe ij uksgk ctkdj ,d vksj os
g”kkjksa o"kZ iqjkuh ijaijk dks iquthZfor djrs Fks] rks nwljh vksj
izfr o"kZ ladV ekspu eafnj ij laxhr vk;kstu esa ges'kk
fgLlk ysrs FksA dk'kh ls ckgj tkdj Hkh 'kgukbZ ctkrs gq,
igys fo'oukFk vkSj ckyk th osQ eafnj dh fn'kk dh vksj
eq¡g djosQ cSB viuh vikj Jn~/k izdV djrs FksA os xaxk dks
xaxk eS;k vkSj Hkxoku fo'oukFk dks ckck dgrs FksA laxhr]
lkfgR; vkSj buls feydj cuh dk'kh dh laLÑfr gh mudk
thou FkkA muosQ fy, eqgjZe osQ rkft, vkSj gksyh dk vchj
leku egRo j[krk FkkA
([k) os okLrfod vFkks± esa ,d lPps bulku FksA
mLrkn fcfLeYyk [kk¡ ¯gnw&eqlyeku ls Åij mBdj ,d
lPps lk/d FksA laxhr osQ ekè;e ls tu&tu osQ ân; esa
clus okys cgqr gh lkekU; O;fDr FksA os lqj dks ml gn
rd lk/us esa fo'okl djrs fd gj ân; Hkko foHkksj gksdj
tkfr] èkeZ] lekt vkSj ns'k ls Åij mB tk,A os viuh
'kgukbZ osQ tknw dk Js; ijojfnxkj] xaxk eS;k vkSj xq# dks
nsrs FksA cpiu esa ,d iQdhj osQ ckj&ckj ctk dgus ij
mUgksaus 'kgukbZ ctkbZA vga ls nwj lnk cPpksa dh&lh ljyrk
esa gh viuh dyk dk ifj"dkj fd;k vkSj Hkkjr jRu ls ysdj
<sjksa fo'ofon~;ky;ksa dh ekun mikf/;k¡] laxhr ukVd vdkneh
iqjLdkj vkSj in~efoHkw"k.k tSls lEekuksa dks Hkh lPps bulku
gksus osQ vFkZ esa gh ik;kA
fcfLeYyk [kk¡ osQ thou ls tqM+h mu ?kVukvksa vkSj
O;fDr;ksa dk mYys[k djsa ftUgksaus mudh laxhr&lk/uk
dks le`n~/ fd;k\
fcfLeYyk [kk¡ dh laxhr lk/uk esa vusd O;fDr;ksa dk gh
ugha] ?kVukvksa dk Hkh ;ksxnku jgkA pkj lky dh NksVh mez
esa gh [kk¡ lkgc dks vius 'kgukbZ oknd ukuk th ls 'kgukbZ
ctkus dh izsj.kk feyhA os mudh ctkbZ 'kgukb;ksa esa ls lcls
10mRrj %
3
© GOYAL BROTHERS PRAKASHAN
vkSj crwyu ckbZ ls laxhr dh igyh o.kZekyk le>h vkSj
lh[khA xje ?kh esa NUu dh vkok”k osQ lkFk ryrh dpkSfM+;ksa
dks ns[k lqj osQ vkjksg&vojksg dh lk/uk lh[kkA vLlh lky
dh mez esa Hkh lqjlk/uksa esa deh eglwl dj ik¡pksa oDr dh
uek”k esa bZ'oj ls mls nwj djus dh izkFkZuk dh vkSj ?kaVksa
fj;k”k dj ,slk lqj lk/k fd lqudj lHkh dk ân; fueZy
gks x;kA ckykth vkSj fo'oukFk eafnj osQ fy, leku :i ls
'kgukbZ oknu fd;kA vga Hkko ls lnk nwj jgs vkSj viuh
miyfC/;ksa dks bZ'oj dh nsu ekukA
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11- fuEufyf[kr feJ okD;ksa osQ miokD; Nk¡Vdj Hksn Hkh
fyf[k,µ
(d) ;g ”k:jh gS fd 'kgukbZ vkSj Mqejk¡o ,d&nwljs osQ fy,
mi;ksxh gSaA
mRrj % miokD;&fd 'kgukbZ vkSj Mqejk¡o ,d&nwljs osQ fy, mi;ksxh gSAa
miokD; Hksn µ laKk miokD;
([k) jhM vanj ls iksyh gksrh gS ftlosQ lgkjs 'kgukbZ dks
iw¡Qdk tkrk gSA
mRrj % miokD;& ftlosQ lgkjs 'kgukbZ dks iw¡Qdk tkrk gSA
miokD; Hksn µ fo'ks"k.k miokD;
(x) jhM ujoQV ls cukbZ tkrh gS tks Mqejk¡o esa eq[;r% lksu
unh osQ fdukjksa ij ikbZ tkrh gSA
mRrj % miokD; µ tks Mqejk¡o esa eq[;r% lksu unh osQ fdukjksa ij
ikbZ tkrh gSA
miokD; Hksn µ fo'ks"k.k miokD;
(?k) mudks ;dhu gS] dHkh [kqnk ;w¡ gh mu ij esgjcku gksxkA
AN
Hkk"kk vè;;u
mRrj % miokD; µ dHkh [kqnk ;w¡ gh mu ij esgjcku gksxkA
miokD; Hksn µ loZuke miokD;
(Ä) fgju viuh gh egd ls ijs'kku iwjs taxy esa ml ojnku
dks [kkstrk gS ftldh xed mlh esa lekbZ gSA
mRrj % miokD; µ ftldh xed mlh esa lekbZ gSA
miokD; Hksn µ fo'ks"k.k miokD;
(p) [kk¡ lkgc dh lcls cM+h nsu gesa ;gh gS fd iwjs vLlh
cjl mUgksaus laxhr dks laiw.kZrk o ,dkfèkdkj ls lh[kus
dh ftthfo"kk dks vius Hkhrj ¯tnk j[kkA
mRrj % miokD; µ fd iwjs vLlh cjl mUgksaus laxhr dks laiw.kZrk o
,dkf/dkj ls lh[kus dh ftthfo"kk dks vius Hkhrj ¯tnk j[kkA
miokD; Hksn µ laKk miokD;
12- fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa dks fefJr okD;ksa esa cnfy, µ
(d) blh ckylqyHk g¡lh esa dbZ ;knsa can gSaA
mRrj % ;g og ckylqyHk g¡lh gS] ftlesa dbZ ;knsa can gSaA
([k) dk'kh esa laxhr vk;kstu dh ,d izkphu vkSj vn~Hkqr
ijaijk gSA
mRrj % dk'kh esa ,d izkphu vkSj vn~Hkqr ijaijk gS] ftlesa laxhr dk
vk;kstu fd;k tkrk gSA
(x) /r~! ixyh] bZ HkkjrjRu gedks 'kgub;k is feyk gS]
yaqfx;k is ukghaA
mRrj % /r~ ixyh bZ uk HkkjrjRu gedks feyk gS] og 'kgukb;k is
feyk gS u fd yaqfx;k isA
(?k) dk'kh dk uk;kc ghjk ges'kk ls nks dkSeksa dks ,d gksdj
vkil esa HkkbZpkjs osQ lkFk jgus dh izsj.kk nsrk jgkA
mRrj % tks dk'kh dk uk;kc ghjk gS] og ges'kk ls nks dkSeksa dks ,d
gksdj vkil esa HkkbZpkjs osQ lkFk jgus dh izsj.kk nsrk jgk gSA
G
O
vU; ijh{kksi;ksxh egRoiw.kZ ç'uksRrj (CCE in~èkfr ij vkèkkfjr)
oLrqfu"B ç'uksRrj
I.
1.
veh#n~nhu Fksµ
(d) fcfLeYykg [kk¡ osQ ukuk
([k) fcfLeYykg [kk¡ osQ ekek
(x) cpiu esa fcfLeYyk [kk¡ Lo;a
(?k) fcfLeYyk [kk¡ osQ firk
2.
^Hkheiyklh* vkSj ^eqyrkuh* gSaµ
(d) nks ukeh 'kgj
([k) nks 'kgukb;k¡
(x) nks xkf;dk,¡
(?k) nks izfl¼ jkx
3.
^Hkkjh 'kCnksa osQ o”ku* ls vfHkizk; gSµ
(d) 'kCnksa dk egRo
([k) 'kCnksa dk lgh mPpkj.k
fuEufyf[kr xn~;ka'k dks è;kuiwoZd i<+dj fn, x, ç'uksa
[CBSE 2011 (Term-II)]
osQ fy, lgh fodYi pqfu,A
veh#n~nhu vHkh fliZQ N% lky dk gS vkSj mldk cM+k HkkbZ
'kElqn~nhu ukS lky dkA veh#n~nhu dks irk ugha gS fd jkx fdl
fpfM+;k dks dgrs gSa vkSj ;s yksx gSa ekewtku oxSjg tks ckr&ckr ij
Hkheiyklh vkSj eqyrkuh dgrs jgrs gSaA D;k okftc eryc gks ldrk
gS bu 'kCnksa dk] bl fygkt ls vHkh mez ugha gS veh#n~nhu dh] tku
losQ bu Hkkjh 'kCnksa dk o”ku fdruk gksxkA xks;k] bruk ”k:j gS fd
veh#n~nhu o 'kElqn~nhu osQ ekekn~o; lkfnd gqlSu rFkk vyhc['k
ns'k osQ tkus&ekus 'kgukbZ oknd gSaA
4
© GOYAL BROTHERS PRAKASHAN
dpkSM+h Mkyrh Fkh] ml le; NUu ls mBus okyh vkok”k esa mUgsa lkjs
vkjksg&vojksg fn[k tkrs FksA jke tkus fdruksa us ,slh dpkSM+h [kkbZ
gksaxhaA exj bruk r; gS fd vius [kk¡ lkgc fj;kth vkSj Loknh nksuksa
jgs gSa vkSj bl ckr esa dksbZ 'kd ugha fd nknk dh ehBh 'kgukbZ muosQ
[CBSE 2011 (Term-II)]
gkFk yx pqdh gSA
4.
veh#n~nhu vkSj 'kElqn~nhu esa mez dk varj Fkkµ
(d) Ng ekg dk
([k) nks o"kks± dk
(x) rhu o"kks± dk
(?k) Ng o"kks± dk
5.
^ekekn~o;* 'kCn dk vFkZ gSµ
(d) nks HkkbZ
([k) pkj ekek
(x) rhu ekek
(?k) nks ekewtku
1.
dpkSM+h dks laxhre; D;ksa dgk gS\
(d) [kk¡ lkgc laxhr ctkrs gq, [kkrs Fks
([k) dydykrs ?kh esa tc dpkSM+h iM+rh Fkh rks NUu dh
vkokt gksrh Fkh
(x) dpkSM+h [kkrs le; fepZ yxrh vkSj lh&lh eq¡g ls
fudyrk
(?k) dpkSM+h [kkrs le; in lquk;k djrs Fks
2.
[kk¡ lkgc osQ fj;k”kh gksus dk irk fdl ckr ls yxrk gS\
(d) os 'kgukbZ ctkus dk vH;kl djrs Fks
([k) os cPpksa dks 'kgukbZ fl[kkrs Fks
(x) mudh 'kgukbZ izfl¼ Fkh
(?k) os 'kgukbZ dk lEeku djrs Fks
mRrj % 1- (x) 2- (?k) 3- (?k) 4- (x) 5- (?k)
II. fuEufyf[kr xn~;ka'k dks è;kuiwoZd i<+dj fn, x, ç'uksa
osQ fy, lgh fodYi pqfu,µ
[CBSE 2011 (Term-II)]
S
3.
4.
YA
L
B
R
O
TH
ER
1- 'kgukbZ dh èofu dks D;k dgk tkrk gS\
(d) xhr
([k) eaxy èofu
(x) 'kksj
(?k) djry èofu
2- fcfLeYyk [kk¡ fdrus o"kks± ls 'kgukbZ ctk jgs gSa\
(d) nl o"kks± ls
([k) chl o"kks± ls
(x) pkyhl o"kks± ls
(?k) vLlh o"kks± ls
3- uek”k osQ ckn fcfLeYyk [kk¡ l”kns esa D;k dgrs gSa\
(d) esjh vk;q yach gksos
([k) esjs ekfyd eq>s ,d lqj c['k ns
(x) esjs cPps dke;kc gksa (?k) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
4- ik¡pksa oDr dh uek”k fdldks ikus dh çkFkZuk esa [kpZ gks
tkrh gS\
(d) vPNs ?kj dks ikus dh ([k) èku&nkSyr ikus dh
(x) vPNh larku ikus dh (?k) lPps lqj dks ikus dh
5- çLrqr xn~;ka'k fdl ikB ls fy;k x;k gS\
(d) laLÑfr
([k) ukScr[kkus esa bcknr
(x) ,d dgkuh ;g Hkh (?k) y[kuoh vank”k
mRrj % 1- ([k) 2- (?k) 3- ([k) 4- (?k) 5- ([k)
PR
AK
AS
H
'kgukbZ osQ blh eaxyèofu osQ uk;d fcfLeYyk [kk¡ lkgc vLlh cjl
ls lqj ek¡x jgs gSaA lPps lqj dh userA vLlh cjl dh ik¡pksa oDr
okyh uek”k blh lqj dks ikus dh çkFkZuk esa [kpZ gks tkrh gSA yk[kksa
l”kns] blh ,d lPps lqj dh bcknr esa [kqnk osQ vkxs >qdrs gSaA os
uek”k osQ ckn l”kns esa fxM+fxM+krs gSaµ^esjs ekfyd ,d lqj* c['k nsA
lqj esa og rklhj iSnk dj fd vk¡[kksa ls lPps eksrh dh rjg vux<+
vk¡lw fudy vk,¡A
AN
(x) 'kCnksa dk mfpr iz;ksx
(?k) 'kCnksa dk okf”kc eryc
•k¡ lkgc dks Loknh D;ksa dgk x;k gS\
(d) mUgsa ok| ;a=kksa dk 'kkSd Fkk
([k) mUgsa 'kgukbZ dk 'kkSd Fkk
(x) mUgsa [kkus dk 'kkSd Fkk
(?k) mUgsa f[kykus dk 'kkSd Fkk
x|ka'k
pyrk
(d)
([k)
(x)
(?k)
ls [kk¡ lkgc osQ laxhr iszeh gksus dk irk oSQls
gSµ
mUgsa fj;k”kh vkSj Loknh dgk x;k gS
os lk/kj.k ckr dks Hkh xkdj dgrs Fks
os dpkSM+h ryh tkus esa Hkh vkjksg&vojksg gh lqurs Fks
mUgsa lc txg ehBh /qu lqukbZ iM+rh Fkh
[kk¡ lkgc Mwcs jgrs Fksµ
(d) laxhr esa
([k) Lokn esa
(x) HkykbZ esa
(?k) f'k{k.k esa
mRrj % 1- ([k) 2- (d) 3- (x) 4- (x) 5- (d)
G
O
5.
IV. fuEufyf[kr xn~;ka'k dks è;kuiwoZd i<+dj fn, x, ç'uksa
osQ fy, lgh fodYi pqfu,µ
[CBSE 2011 (Term-II)]
dk'kh esa laxhr vk;kstu dh ,d çkphu ,oa vn~Hkqr ijaijk gSA
;g vk;kstu fiNys dbZ cjlksa ls ladVekspu eafnj esa gksrk vk;k gSA
;g eafnj 'kgj osQ nf{k.k esa yadk ij fLFkr gSA guqeku t;arh osQ
volj ij ;gk¡ ik¡p fnuksa rd 'kkL=kh; ,oa mi'kkL=kh; xk;u&oknu
dh mRÑ"V lHkk gksrh gSA blesa fcfLeYyk [kk¡ vo'; jgrs gSaA vius
e”kgc osQ çfr vR;fèkd le£ir mLrkn fcfLeYyk [kk¡ dh Jn~èkk
III. fuEufyf[kr xn~;ka'k dks è;kuiwoZd i<+dj fn, x, ç'uksa
osQ fy, lgh fodYi pqfu,A
laxhre; dpkSM+h bl rjg D;ksafd oqQylqe tc dydykrs ?kh esa
5
© GOYAL BROTHERS PRAKASHAN
dk'kh fo'oukFk th osQ çfr Hkh vikj gSA
1- fdlesa laxhr vk;kstu dh ,d çkphu vkSj vn~Hkqr ijaijk
gS\
(d) dk'kh esa
([k) v;ksè;k esa
(x) cukjl esa
(?k) Hkkjr esa
2- dk'kh esa laxhr dk vk;kstu dgk¡ gksrk vk;k gS\
(d) jke eafnj esa
([k) guqeku eafnj esa
(x) f'ko eafnj esa
(?k) ladVekspu eafnj esa
3- guqeku t;arh osQ volj ij ladVekspu eafnj esa fdrus
fnuksa rd 'kkL=kh; xk;u oknu dh lHkk gksrh gS\
(d) lkr fnu dh
([k) ik¡p fnu dh
(x) rhu fnu dh
(?k) nl fnu dh
4- dk'kh esa ladVekspu eafnj dgk¡ ij fLFkr gS\
(d) iwoZ esa
([k) 'kgj osQ if'pe esa
(x) 'kgj osQ mÙkj esa
(?k) 'kgj osQ nf{k.k esa
vdlj dgrs gSaµ¶D;k djsa fe;k¡] bZ dk'kh NksM+dj dgk¡ tk,¡]
xaxk eb;k ;gk¡] ckck fo'oukFk ;gk¡] ckyk th dk eafnj ;gk¡] ;gk¡
gekjs [kkunku dh dbZ iq'rksa us 'kgukbZ ctkbZ gS] gekjs ukuk rks ogha
ckyk th eafnj esa cM+s çfrf"Br 'kgukbZok”k jg pqosQ gSaA vc ge D;k
djsa] ejrs ne rd u ;g 'kgukbZ NwVsxh u dk'khA ftl ”kehu us gesa
rkyhe nh] tgk¡ ls vnc ikbZ] oks dgk¡ vkSj feysxh\ 'kgukbZ vkSj
dk'kh ls c<+dj dksbZ tUur ugha bl èkjrh ij gekjs fy,A¸
TH
ER
osQ fy, lgh fodYi pqfu,A
S
5- dk'kh esa fdldk vk;kstu çkphu ijaijk gS\
(d) lekjksg dk
([k) laxhr dk
(x) u`R; dk
(?k) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
mRrj % 1- (d) 2- (?k) 3- ([k) 4- (?k) 5- ([k)
V. fuEufyf[kr xn~;ka'k dks è;kuiwoZd i<+dj fn, x, ç'uksa
[CBSE 2011 (Term-II)]
G
O
YA
L
B
R
O
dk'kh laLo`Qfr dh ikB'kkyk gSA 'kkL=kksa esa vkuandkuu osQ uke ls
izfrf"Br gSA dk'kh esa dyk/j guqeku o u`R; fo'oukFk gSA dk'kh esa
g”kkjksa lkyksa dk bfrgkl gS] ftlesa iafMr oaQBs egkjkt gSA fo|k/jh
gSa] cM+s jkenklth gSa] ekStqn~nhu [kk¡ gSa o bu jfldksa ls mio`Qr gksus
okyk vikj tu&lewg gSA ;g ,d vyx dk'kh gS] ftldh vyx
rg”khc gSA viuh cksyh vkSj vius fof'k"V yksx gSaA buosQ vius mRlo
gSaA viuk xeA viuk lsgjk&cUuk vkSj viuk ukSgkA vki ;gk¡ laxhr
dks HkfDr ls] HkfÙkQ dks fdlh Hkh /eZ osQ dykdkj ls] dtjh dks pSrh
ls] fo'oukFk dks fo'kkyk{kh ls] fcfLeyk [kk¡ dks xaxk}kj ls vyx
djosQ ugha ns[k ldrsA
1- dk'kh
(d)
([k)
(x)
(?k)
fuEufyf[kr xn~;ka'k dks è;kuiwoZd i<+dj fn, x, ç'uksa
osQ fy, lgh fodYi pqfu,µ
PR
AK
AS
H
VI.
AN
3- ^dk'kh ,d vyx dk'kh gS* dkj.k gSµ
(d) mldh rg”khc
([k) mlosQ f'k{kk&osQUnz
(x) mlosQ eafnj
(?k) mldh laLo`Qfr
4- dk'kh esa fdldk leUo; ugha gS\
(d) fcfLeYyk [kk¡ vkSj xaxk}kj dk
([k) dtjh vkSj pSrh dk
(x) laxhr vkSj HkfDr dk
(?k) izkphurk vkSj vk/qfudrk dk
5- ^tulewg* esa lekl gSµ
(d) cgqozhfg ([k) rRiq#"k (x) deZ/kj; (?k) }U}
mRrj % 1- (?k) 2- (?k) 3- (d) 4- (?k) 5- ([k)
laLo`Qfr dh ikB'kkyk gS] D;ksafdµ
ogk¡ fo'oukFk o guqeku gaS
'kkL=kkuqlkj og vkuan dh dkuu gS
ogk¡ fcfLeYyk [kk¡ gSa
lHkh fodYi lgh gSa
2- dk'kh dk tulewg fdu jfldksa ls mio`Qr gS\
(d) oaQBs egkjkt ls
([k) fo|k/jh ls
(x) jkenklth ls
(?k) lHkh fodYi lgh gSa
6
1- fcfLeYyk [kk¡ osQ ifjokj esa vkSj dkSu&dkSu 'kgukbZ ctkrs
Fks\
(d) mudh ekrk
([k) mudh iRuh
(x) muosQ ekek] ukuk] firk] nknk
(?k) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
2- fcfLeYyk [kk¡ dk'kh NksM+dj D;ksa ugha tkuk pkgrs Fks\
(d) os vius ifjokj dks ugha NksM+ ldrs
([k) mUgsa dk'kh ls cgqr yxko Fkk
(x) dk'kh osQ yksx mUgsa ilan djrs gSa
(?k) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
3- muosQ ukuk fdl eafnj esa çfrf"Br 'kgukbZok”k jg pqosQ gSa\
(d) f'ko eafnj esa
([k) jke eafnj esa
(x) ckyk th eafnj esa
(?k) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
4- rkyhe dk vFkZ gS\
(d) 'kknh
([k) ”kehu
(x) èku
(?k) f'k{kk
5- çLrqr xn~;ka'k esa fdu 'kCnksa dh vfèkdrk gS\
(d) rn~Hko
([k) rRle
(x) mnwZ
(?k) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
mRrj % 1- (x) 2- ([k) 3- (x) 4- (?k) 5- (x)
© GOYAL BROTHERS PRAKASHAN
VI. fuEufyf[kr xn~;ka'k dks è;kuiwoZd i<+dj fn, x, ç'uksa
2- 'kgukbZ esa fdrus lqj ysdj fudy iM+s\
osQ fy, lgh fodYi pqfu,µ
vdlj lekjksgksa ,oa mRloksa esa nqfu;k dgrh gS ;s fcfLeYyk [kk¡ gSaA
fcfLeYyk [kk¡ dk erycµfcfLeYyk [kk¡ dh 'kgukbZA 'kgukbZ dk
rkRi;ZµfcfLeYyk [kk¡ dk gkFkA gkFk ls vk'k; bruk Hkj fd fcfLeYyk
[kk¡ dh iw¡Qd vkSj 'kgukbZ dh tknqbZ vkok”k dk vlj gekjs flj
p<+dj cksyus yxrk gSA 'kgukbZ esa ljxe Hkjk gSA [kk¡ lkgc dks rky
ekywe gS] jkx ekywe gSA ,slk ugha fd csrkys tk,¡xsA 'kgukbZ esa lkr
lqj ysdj fudy iM+sA 'kgukbZ esa ijojfnxkj] xaxk eb;k] mLrkn dh
ulhgr ysdj mrj iM+sA nqfu;k dgrhµlqcgku vYykg] frl ij
fcfLeYyk [kk¡ dgrs gSaµvygenqfyYykgA NksVh&NksVh mit ls feydj
,d cM+k vkdkj curk gSA 'kgukbZ dk djrc 'kq: gksus yxrk gSA
fcfLeYyk [kk¡ dk lalkj lqjhyk gksuk 'kq: gqvkA iw¡Qd esa v”kku dh
rklhj mrjrh pyh vkbZA
(d) nks lqj
([k) rhu lqj
(x) lkr lqj
(?k) ik¡p lqj
3- •k¡ lkgc dh 'kgukbZ dk D;k vlj gksrk gS\
(d) yksx xkus yxrs gSa
([k) yksx g¡lus yxrs gSa
PR
AK
AS
H
AN
(x) yksx >weus yxrs gSa (?k) yksx pys tkrs gSa
4- ^flj p<+dj cksyus* dk vFkZ gS
(d) izHkko'kkyh
([k) csdkj
(x) ?keaMh
(?k) Øks/h
5- ^vygenqfyYykg* dk D;k vFkZ gS\
(d) Lo;a dh rkjhI+kQ
([k) xq#th dh rkjhI+kQ
(x) bZ'oj dh rkjhI+kQ
(?k) buesa ls dksbZ ughaA
mRrj % 1- ([k) 2- (?k) 3- (x) 4- (d) 5- (x)
1- fcfLeYyk [kk¡ dk eryc gS mudhµ
(d) ck¡lqjh
([k) 'kgukbZ
(x) rcyk
(?k) rkuiqjk
5mRrj %
YA
L
B
R
O
TH
ER
1- veh#n~nhu us Bqejh] VIis vkSj nknjs dgk¡] fdlls vkSj
D;ksa lqus\
mRrj % veh#n~nhu gj lqcg 'kgukbZ osQ fj;k”k osQ fy, ckyk th osQ
eafnj tkrk FkkA eafnj tkus osQ jkLrs esa jlwyu ckbZ vkSj
crwyu ckbZ uke dh nks xkf;dk cguksa dk ?kj FkkA og gj
lqcg ogk¡ ls tkrs gq, Bqejh] VIik vkSj nknjk lqurs Fks vkSj
mUgha èkquksa dks ckyk th osQ eafnj esa 'kgukbZ osQ ekè;e ls
ctkrs FksA
2- [kk¡ lkgc osQ thou esa jlwyu vkSj crwyu ckbZ dk
egRo le>kb,A
mRrj % [kk¡ lkgc vius thou esa jlwyu vkSj crwyu ckbZ uked
xkf;dk cguksa osQ laxhr dks çFke çsj.kk ekurs FksA D;ksafd
mudh èkquksa dks lqudj gh mudh laxhr osQ çfr #fp c<+hA
3- [kk¡ lkgc dh cpiu esa ukuk osQ lkFk ,oa 'kgukbZ ls
tqM+h ;knksa dks crkb,A
mRrj % [kk¡ lkgc tc pkj o"kZ osQ Fks rks fNidj ukuk dks 'kgukbZ
ctkrs gq, lqurs FksA ukuk osQ ogk¡ ls tkus osQ ckn <sjksa
NksVh&cM+h 'kgukb;ksa esa ls vius ukuk okyh 'kgukbZ <w¡<+rs FksA
gj 'kgukbZ dks ctkrs vkSj isaQd nsrsA fiQj ;g lkspdj NksM+
nsrs fd ^ukuk ehBh okyh 'kgukbZ dgha vkSj j[krs gSaA*
4- veh#n~nhu osQ cpiu esa fiQYeksa osQ p<+s cq[kkj ij
çdk'k Mkfy,A
mRrj % veh#n~nhu dks cpiu esa fI+kQYe ns[kuk cgqr vPNk yxrk
S
y?kwRrjkRed ç'uksRrj
G
O
6mRrj %
7mRrj %
8mRrj %
7
FkkA ml le; FkMZ Dykl osQ fy, N% iSls dk fVdV yxrk
FkkA veh#n~nhu nks&nks iSls ukuh] ekew vkSj ekSlh ls ysrs vkSj
?kaVksa ykbu esa yxdj fVdV ysrs vkSj fI+kQYe ns[krs FksA
eqgjZe osQ R;ksgkj osQ le; fcfLeYyk [kk¡ D;k Hkwfedk
fuHkkrs Fks\
eqgjZe dh vkBoha rkjh[k dks [kk¡ lkgc [kM+s gksdj 'kgukbZ
ctkrs FksA bl fnu dksbZ jkx ugha ctrkA os nky eaMh ls
iQkreku rd djhc vkB fdyksehVj dh nwjh iSny jksrs gq,]
uksgk ctkrs tkrs FksA
eqgjZe esa g”kkj o"kZ dh ijaijk oSQls iquthZfor gks tkrh Fkh\
eqgjZe osQ fnu 'kksd euk;k tkrk gSA lHkh yksx beke gqlSu
vkSj muosQ ifjokj osQ yksxksa dh 'kgknr dks ;kn djrs gSaA
yksxksa dh vk¡[ksa ue gks tkrh gSaA
[kk¡ lkgc dh viuh f'k";k n~okjk VksosQ tkus ij D;k
çfrfØ;k gqbZ\
[kk¡ lkgc f'k";k dh ckr lqudj eqldjk iM+s vkSj cM+s nqykj
ls mlls cksysµixyh] eq>s Hkkjr jRu 'kgukbZ is feyk gS yqaxh
ij ughaA blfy, rqe esjh yqaxh dks u ns[kdj 'kgukbZ osQ
lqj ns[kkA
[kk¡ lkgc dh lqj&lkèkuk thou esa dkSu&lk lans'k
nsrh gS\
[kk¡ lkgc us viuh lqj&lkèkuk ls vfèkd fdlh ph”k dks
egRo ugha fn;kA 'kgukbZ mudk thou FkkA os lkèkuk esa
© GOYAL BROTHERS PRAKASHAN
11mRrj %
AN
mRrj %
14mRrj %
15-
mRrj %
16-
mRrj %
fØ;kdyki
YA
L
B
R
O
12mRrj %
13-
xaxk unh dks xaxk eS;k dgrs FksA
^ukScr[kkus esa bcknr* uked ikB ls vkidks D;k lans'k
feyrk gS\
bl ikB ls gesa èkk£ed fujis{krk dk lans'k feyrk gSA ge
pkgs fdlh Hkh èkeZ dks ekusaA gekjs eu esa nwljs èkeks± osQ fy,
vknj gksuk pkfg,A
dk'kh esa u jgus ij Hkh fcfLeYyk [kk¡ viuh Jn~/k
dk'kh osQ izfr fdl izdkj izdV djrs Fks\
dk'kh esa u jgus ij fcfLeYyk [kk¡ FkksM+h nsj osQ fy, igys
fo'oukFk vkSj ckyk th eafnj dh fn'kk dh vksj eq¡g djosQ
cSBrs gSa vkSj 'kgukbZ Hkh FkksM+h nsj osQ fy, mlh vksj ?kqek nh
tkrh FkhA
mLrkn fcfLeYyk [kk¡ ltns esa fxM+fxM+kdj D;k ek¡xrs
gSa] vius 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,A
[kk¡ lkgc l”kns esa ;g nqvk ek¡xrs Fks fd bZ'oj mudks lqj
nsuk] iQVk lqj ugha vFkkZr mudks rkmez lqjhyk cuk, j[kukA
lksu unh osQ fdukjs dkSu&lh ?kkl mxrh gSA 'kgukbZ ls
mldk laca/ fdl rjg tqM+rk gS\
lksu unh osQ fdukjs ujdV ?kkl mxrh gSA ftlls 'kgukbZ esa
iz;ksx dh tkus okyh jhM curh gSA
rkulsu us viuh cafn'k fdl 'krkCnh esa jph rFkk mlesa
fdldk o.kZu gqvk\
rkulsu us viuh cafn'k dh jpuk lksygoha 'krkCnh osQ
mRrjk/Z esa dhA ,slk laxhr jkx dYinzqe ls gksrh gSA mlesa
'kgukbZ] eqjyh] eqjNax ,oa Ükàxh vkfn dk o.kZu gqvk gSA
PR
AK
AS
H
10mRrj %
mRrj %
S
mRrj %
17-
TH
ER
9-
fj;k”k dks cM+k egRoiw.kZ ekurs FksA laxhr dks viuk thou
ekuus okys [kk¡ lkgc vkt osQ dykdkjksa osQ fy, ;g vkn'kZ
çLrqr djrs gSaA mUgsa dyk&lkèkuk dh vksj è;ku nsuk pkfg,
iguus&vks<+us dh vksj ughaA
dk'kh esa çfro"kZ gksus okys laxhr&vk;kstu dh D;k
fo'ks"krk Fkh\
dk'kh esa çfro"kZ laxhr&vk;kstu ladV ekspu eafnj esa gksrk
gSA guqeku t;arh osQ volj ij ;gk¡ ij ik¡p fnuksa dk
'kkL=kh; ,oa mi'kkL=kh; xk;u vkSj oknu osQ dk;ZØe gksrs
gSaA bl dk;ZØe esa 'kgukbZoknd fcfLeYyk [kk¡ vo'; jgrs
gSaA
fcfLeYyk [kk¡ osQ thou esa 'kgukbZ osQ egRo dks le>kb,A
fcfLeYyk [kk¡ 'kgukbZ dks viuk thou ekurs FksA nqfu;k
mudks 'kgukbZ osQ dkj.k gh igpkurh gSA 14 o"kZ dh vk;q
ls e`R;qi;±r rd 'kgukbZ ctkrs jgsA
fcfLeYyk [kk¡ dk'kh NksM+uk D;ksa ugha pkgrs Fks\
fcfLeYyk [kk¡ dk'kh vkSj 'kgukbZ dks viuh tUur ekurs FksA
dk'kh gh mudh tUe vkSj deZHkwfe FkhA xaxk eS;k] dk'kh
fo'oukFk vkSj ckyk th eafnj esa mudh xgjh vkLFkk FkhA
blh dkj.k os dk'kh dh èkjrh dks NksM+dj dgha tkuk ugha
pkgrs FksA
fcfLeYyk [kk¡ ¯gnw&eqfLye ,drk osQ çrhd FksA oSQls\
fcfLeYyk [kk¡ Lo;a eqlyeku FksA os ik¡pksa oDr dh uek”k
i<+rs FksA lkFk gh muosQ eu esa ¯gnqvksa osQ ckck fo'oukFk
vkSj ckyk th eafnj osQ fy, xgjh vkLFkk FkhA blosQ vykok
-iQkWjesfVo vlslesaV osQ fy,
G
O
vè;kid@vè;kfidk Nk=k&Nk=kkvksa ls fcfLeYyk [kk¡ osQ thou
ls tqM+h fofHkUu ?kVukvksa ij d{kk esa ppkZ djus dks dg ldrs gSaA
blosQ vykok HkkjrjRu izkIr foHkwfr;ksa osQ uke o fp=k ,d=k djus osQ
fy, dgsaA lkFk gh ;g Hkh iwNsa fd mUgsa fdu miyfC/;ksa osQ fy,
dkSu&ls iqjLdkj feys gSaA
fcfLeYyk [kk¡ dh Hkk¡fr cukjl osQ ck¡lqjh oknd iafMr
gfjizlkn pkSjfl;k th osQ ckjs esa crkb,A
Bqejh] VIik vkSj nknjk osQ ckjs esa crkb,A
vius fon~;ky; esa gksus okys fdlh laxhr lekjksg osQ
vk;kstu dh lwpuk nsrs gq, cqysfVu cksMZ osQ fy, uksfVl
cukb,A
x`g&dk;Z
d{kk&dk;Z
f'k{kd@f'kf{kdk Nk=kksa ls fuEufyf[kr iz'u d{kk esa iwN
ldrs gSaµ
eaxyèofu dk D;k egRo gS\
loZ/eZleUo; dh Hkkouk ls D;k rkRi;Z gS\
8
Hkkjr osQ 'kkL=kksa esa 'kgukbZ dk mYys[k dgk¡ feyrk gS\ irk
djosQ fyf[k,A
dk'kh dh çfln~èk oLrqvksa osQ ckjs esa tkudkjh izkIr dhft,A
Hkkjr osQ fofo/ okn~; ;a=kksa dh rlohjsa fdlh pkVZ isij ij
fpidkdj muosQ ckjs esa laf{kIr fVIi.kh fyf[k,A
© GOYAL BROTHERS PRAKASHAN