Document 2083826

lhfu;j Ldwy
ikB~;Øe
2011
[k.M&1
d{kk 11 ds 'kS{kf.kd l=k o"kZ 2009&2010 ls izHkkoh vkSj
o"kZ 2011 esa gksus okyh cksMZ dh ijh{kk ds fy,
dsUnzh; ekè;fed f'k{kk cksMZ
f'k{kk dsUnz 2] dE;wfuVh lsUVj] izhr fogkj] fodkl ekxZ
fnYyh&110092
© dsUnzh; ekè;fed f'k{kk cksMZ] fnYyh 110092
ekpZ] 2010
izfr;k¡ % 1000
ewY; % 125 #-
fVIi.kh
% cksMZ dks ;g vf/dkj gS fd og tc tSlk Hkh vko';d le>s] ikB~;Øeksa rFkk dkslks± esa la'kksèku dj ldrk
gSA lHkh Ldwyksa dks dgk tkrk gS fd os cksMZ }kjk fuèkkZfjr ikB~;Øe vkSj iqLrdksa dks] tks fd f'k{kk l=k o
ijh{kkvksa ls lacafèkr gS] mudk okLro esa vuqlj.k djsaA fdlh Hkh izdkj dk fopyu {kE; ugha gSA
izdk'kd
% lfpo] dsUnzh; ekè;fed f'k{kk cksMZ]
f'k{kk dsUnz&2 dE;wfuVh lsUVj] izhr fogkj] fnYyh&110092
eqnzd
% uoizHkkr fizfVax izsl
275] iViM+xat fnYyh&110093
ikB~;Øe dks v|ru djuk ,d lrr~ izfØ;k gS] vr% cksMZ izR;sd o"kZ la'kksf/kr ikB~;Øe izdkf'kr
djrk gSA fo|ky;ksa rFkk fdlh fof'k"V o"kZ dh cksMZ dh ijh{kk ds fy, rS;kjh dj jgs fo|kfFkZ;ksa
ds fy, ;g vfuok;Z gS fd os mDr o"kZ ds fy, cksMZ }kjk fuèkkZfjr ikB~; fooj.k] ikB~;Øe o
iqLrdksa dks viuk;sAa fuèkkZfjr fd, x, ikB~;Øe ls dksbZ Hkh varj {kE; ugha gSA vr% leLr lacfa èkrksa
dks n`<+rk ls ijke'kZ fn;k tkrk gS fd os viuh tkudkjh o mi;ksx ds fy, lacfa èkr o"kZ ds fy,
fuèkkZfjr ikB~;Øe dks dsUnzh; ekè;fed f'k{kk cksMZ ds eq[;ky; ls vFkok blds {ks=kh; dk;kZy;ksa
ls gh [kjhnsA visf{kr nke rFkk Mkd [kpZ dh jkf'k ds lkFk vkns'k ;FkkfLFkfr eq[;ky; esa
HkaMkjh@HkaMkjikyd ¼izdk'ku dks½ vFkok t+ksu ds {ks=kh; vf/kdkjh dks Hksts tk ldrs gSaA ikBdksa
dks ;g Hkh ijke'kZ fn;k tkrk gS fd os bl izdk'ku ds var esa fn, x, fooj.k dks ns[k ysAa izknsf'kd
o fons'kh Hkk"kkvksa esa ikB~;Øe vkSj dksl]Z vyx ls izdkf'kr [k.M&
[k.M&2 esa fn;k x;k gSA og Hkh ,d
lewY; izdk'ku gSA
vuqØe
[k.M&1 % ik=krk vis{kk,¡] v/;;u ;kstuk rFkk ijh{kk dh ;kstuk
1- mEehnokj dh ik=krk
2- ijh{kkvksa dh ;kstuk vkSj mÙkh.kZ gksus ds ekin.M
3- v/;;u dh :ijs[kk
[k.M&2 % v/;;u ds dkslZ
1- English Elective
2- Functional English
3- English Cone
4- fgUnh ¼vk/kkj½ dksM+ ua- 302
5- English (Elective) Code No : 001
6- xf.kr ¼dksM la[;k 041½
7- HkkSfrdh ¼dksM la[;k 042½
8- jlk;u ¼dksM la[;k 043½
9- thofoKku ¼dksM la[;k 044½
10- BIOTECHNOLOGY (Code No. 045)
11- vfHk;kaf=kd js[kkfp=k] bUthfu;fjax Mªkbax ¼dksM la[;k 046½
12- x`g foKku ¼dksM la[;k 064½
13- Ñf"k ¼dksM la[;k 068½
14- dEI;wVj foKku ¼dksM la[;k 083½
15- lwpuk foKku--- ¼dksM la[;k 065½
16- eYVhehfM;k rFkk osc izk|
S ksfxdh ¼dksM la[;k 067½
17- vFkZ'kkL=k ¼dksM la[;k 030½
18- O;olk; v/;;u ¼dksM la[;k 054½
19- ys[kk'kkL=k ¼dksM la[;k 055½
20- m|ferk ¼dksM la[;k 066½
21- bfrgkl ¼dksM la[;k 027½
22- jktuhfr foKku ¼dksM la[;k 028½
23- Hkwxksy ¼dksM la[;k 029½
24- euksfoKku ¼dksM la[;k 037½
25- lekt'kkL=k ¼dksM la[;k 040½
26- n'kZu'kkL=k ¼dksM la[;k 040½
27- CREATIVE WRITINGAND TRANSLATION STUDIES (Code No. 069)
28- 'kkjhfjd f'k{kk ¼dksM la[;k 048½
29- QS'ku v/;;u ¼dksM la[;k 053½
30- yfyr dyk,a
31- laxhr
32- u`R;
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[k.M&1
ik=krk vis{kk,¡] vè;;u ;kstuk rFkk
ijh{kk dh ;kstuk
7
1- mEehnokjksa dh ik=krk
1-
fdlh fo|ky; esa fo|kfFkZ;ksa dk izos'k % fo|kfFkZ;ksa dk LFkkukUrj.k@vfHkxeu ¼ekbxzs'ku½
izos'k % lkekU; 'krs± %µ
1-1
^fo|ky;* esa fdlh d{kk esa izo's k izkIr djus dk bPNqd fo|kFkhZ ml d{kk esa izo's k ds fy, dsoy rHkh
ik=k gksxk ;fn og
(i)
bl cksMZ }kjk ekU;rk izkIr ;k blh cksMZ ls lac) fdlh fo|ky; esa vFkok Hkkjr esa fLFkr fdlh
vU; ekU;rk izkIr ek/;fed f'k{kk cksMZ ds fo|ky; esa v/;;u dj jgk gksA
(ii)
dksbZ ,slh vgZd vFkok led{k vgZd ijh{kk] mÙkh.kZ dj pqdk gks] ftlds vk/kkj ij og ml
d{kk esa izos'k ds fy, ik=k gksA
(iii)
jkT;@la?k 'kkflr {ks=k dh ljdkj }kjk ;Fkk&fuèkkZfjr rFkk ftl LFkku esa fo|ky; fLFkr gks]
ml LFkku esa ykxw dh vk;qlhek ¼U;wure o vf/kdre½ vis{kkvksa dks iwjk djrk gks
(iv)
fuEufyf[kr izLrqr djrk gksA
¼d½ ftl laLFkk esa mlus vkf[kj ckj i<+k gks ml laLFkk ds ize[q k }kjk gLrk{kfjr o izfr gLrk{kfjr
fo|ky; Nks M + u s dk iz e k.k&[email protected] iz e k.ki=kA
¼[k½ vgZd vFkok led{k vgZd ijh{kk mÙkh.kZ djus dh iqf"V laca/kh nLrkost] vkSj
¼x½ tUefrfFk ds izek.k ds :i esa tUe ,oa e`R;q jftLVªkj tgk¡ dgha fo|eku gks] }kjk tkjh
tUefrfFk&iz e k.k i=kA
Li"Vhdj.k %
¼d½ dksbZ O;fDr] fdlh ,sls laLFkkiu esa i<+ jgk gks] tks bl cksMZ }kjk vFkok fdlh vU; ekè;fed
f'k{kk cksMZ }kjk vFkok lacafèkr LFkku dh jkT;@la?k 'kkflr dh ljdkj }kjk ekU;rk izkIr
u gks rks ,sls O;fDr dks ml xSj&ekU;rk izkIr laLFkk ftlesa og igys i<+ jgk Fkk] ,sls
vekU;rk izkIr laLFkkiuksa }kjk tkjh izek.k i=k ¼i=kks½a ds vkèkkj ij fdlh d{kk vFkok fdlh
^fo|ky;* esa izos'k ugha fn;k tk,xkA
¼[k½ vgZd ijh{kk ls rkRi;Z ,d ,slh ijh{kk ls gS ftlds mÙkh.kZ djus ij dksbZ fo|kFkhZ fdlh
d{kk fo'ks"k esa izo's k ds fy, ik=k gks tkrk gS( vkSj ^led{k ijh{kk* ls rkRi;Z ,d ,slh ijh{kk
ls gS tks fdlh ekU;rk izkIr ekè;fed f'k{kk cksMZ@Hkkjrh; fo'ofo|ky; }kjk vFkok bl
cksMZ@fo'ofo|ky; ls ekU;rk izkIr gks vFkok mlls lEc) fdlh laLFkkiu }kjk lapkfyr
dh xbZ gks rFkk bl cksMZ }kjk rnu:ih ijh{kk ds led{k ekU;rk izkIr gks tks bl cksMZ
}kjk lapkfyr dh xbZ gks] vFkok bl cksMZ ls lEc)@}kjk ekU;rk izkIr ^fo|ky;* }kjk lapkfyr
dh xbZ gksA
1-2-
;fn dks fo|kFkhZ fons'k esa fLFkr fdlh ,sls fo|ky; ls vkrk gS] rks og tks bl cksMZ ls lEc) ugha
gS fo|kFkhZ rc rd izos'k ds fy, ik=k ugha gksxk tc rd] fd ml fo|kFkhZ ds lacaèk esa bl cksMZ ls
9
ik=krk izek.k&i=k izkI r u dj fy;k x;k gksA cksMZ ls ik=krk izek.k&i=k izkIr djus ds fy,] ftl fo|ky; esa
izo's k ekaxk tk jgk gS] ml fo|ky; ds fizfa liy viuh fVIi.kh@flQkfj'k ds lkFk ekeys dk iwjk fooj.k o lacfa èkr
nLrkost cksMZ dks izLrqr djsxa s tc cksMZ bl ckr ls lar"q V gks tk, fd fd;k x;k vè;;u rFkk mÙkh.kZ ijh{kk
dk ikB~;Øe bl cksMZ dh rn~u:
q ih d{kk ds led{k gS]a rHkh cksMZ }kjk ik=krk izek.k i=k tkjh fd;k tk,xkA
1-3
,slk dksbZ Hkh O;fDr dks tks bl cksMZ ds lEc) fo|ky; dh fdlh Hkh d{kk esa izo's k ugha fn;k tk,xk] tks
fo|ky;@dkWyt
s }kjk fn;s fu"dklu dh ltk Hkqxr jgk gks vFkok fdlh cksM@Z fo'ofo|ky;@fo|ky; }kjk fudky
fn;k x;k gks vFkok fdlh cksM@Z fo'ofo|ky; }kjk fdUgha dkj.kksa ls ijh{kk esa lfEefyr gksus ls oafpr fd;k x;k
gksA
1-4
fdlh Hkh fo|kFkhZ dks] fdlh fo|ky; dh fdlh vxyh mPp d{kk esa rc rd izo's k ugha fn;k tk,xk] vkSj
u gh iíksUur fd;k tk,xk] tc rd fd mlus ml d{kk] ftlesa 'kS{kf.kd l=k dh 'kq:vkr esa mlus nkf[kyk
fy;k Fkk] ds fu;fer ikB~;Øe dh i<+kbZ iwjh ugha dj yh gks] rFkk vxyh mPp d{kk esa izkUs ufr dh vgZrk izkIr
ugha yh gksA
1-5-
fdlh Hkh fo|kFkhZ dks] o"kZ ds 31 vxLr ds i'pkr~ d{kk XI es]a dsUnzh; ekè;fed f'k{kk cksMZ ds vè;{k jkT;@la?k
'kkflr ds f'k{kk vfèkfu;e esa ;Fkk ifjHkkf"kr l{ke vf/kdkjh dh iwokZueq fr ds fcuk izo's k ugha fn;k tk,xkA
31 vxLr ds i'pkr~ izo's k nsus lacèa kh izkFkZuki=k vifjgk;Z dkj.kksa dk Li"V mYys[k djrs gq, fo|ky; ds fizfa liy
ds ekè;e ls Hkstk tk,xkA ijh{kk dh ik=krk izkIr djus ds fy,] izo's kkFkhZ dks cksMZ dh ijh{kk mi fu;e ds
vuqlkj d{kk XI vkSj XII esa visf{kr mifLFkfr izfr'kr ¼75%½ iwjh djuh gksxhA ,sls ekeyksa esa tgk¡] cksMZ }kjk
ijh{kk&ifj.kke foyEc ls ?kksf"kr fd, tkus ds dkj.k] izo's kkFkhZ fu;r frfFk rd mPprj d{kk esa izo's k ugha ys
ldk ,slh vuqefr dh vko';drk ugha gksxh] c'krsZ izo's kkFkhZ us ifj.kke ?kksf"kr fd, tkus ds ,d i[kokM+s ds
Hkhrj izo's k ds fy, vkosnu dj fn;k gksA
1-6 izos'k % fofufnZ"V vko';drk,a
fdlh fo|ky; dh d{kk
XI
esa izos'k dsoy ,sls fo|kFkhZ ds fy, [kqyk gksxk] ftlus mÙkh.kZ dh gks
¼d½ bl cksMZ }kjk vk;ksftr ekè;fed Ldwy ijh{kk ¼d{kk
X
ijh{kk½( vFkok
¼[k½ fdlh vU; ekU;rk izkIr ekè;fed f'k{kk cksMZ@Hkkjrh; fo'ofo|ky; }kjk vk;ksftr lerqY; ijh{kk
ftls bl cksMZ }kjk viuh ekè;fed fo|ky; ijh{kk ds lerqY; gksus dh ekU;rk iznku dh xbZ
gksA
1-7- d{kk
(i)
XII
esa izos'k %
d{kk XII esa lhèks dksbZ izo's k ugha fn;k tk,xkA ijUrq fdlh fo|ky; dh d{kk
fo|kFkhZ ds fy, [kqyk gksxk ftlus
¼d½ d{kk
XI
esa izo's k dsoy ,sls
ds fy, vè;;u dk fu;fer dkslZ iwjk dj fy;k gks vkSj]
¼[k½ bl cksMZ ls lEc) fdlh fo|ky; ls d{kk
(ii)
XII
XI
mÙkh.kZ dj yh gksA
,d ,sls fo|kFkhZ ftlus d{kk XI ds fy, fu;fer dkslZ iwjk dj fy;k gS rFkk bl cksMZ vFkok Hkkjr ds
fdlh ekU;rk iz k Ir cks M Z }kjk ekU;rk iz k Ir@ds lkFk lEc) fdlh la L Fkkiu ls
d{kk XI dh ijh{kk mÙkh.kZ dj yh gks] dks d{kk XII esa dsoy mlds ekrk&firk ds LFkkukUrj
gksus ij vFkok muds ifjokj ds ,d LFkku ls nwljs LFkku tkus ij fo|kFkhZ ls vadrkfydk vkSj LFkkukUrj.k
10
izek.k i=k] ftls lacfa /kr cksMZ ds 'kSf{kd izkf/kdkjh }kjk izfrgLrk{kfjr fd;k gks] izkIr djus ds ckn gh
izo's k fn;k tk,xkA ,sls izo's k ds ekeyksa esa fo|kFkhZ ds izo's k ysus ds ,d ekg ds Hkhrj fo|ky; cksMZ ls
dk;ksÙZ kj vuqeksnu izkIr djsxa As
(iii)
bl mi fofèk ds iSjk 1 ls 5 rd esa dksbZ ckr gksus ds ckn Hkkjr ds ckgj ds fdlh ijh{kk fudk; ls vgZd
ijh{kk mÙkh.kZ djus okys izo's kkfFkZ;ksa ds izo's k dk fu;eu bl vè;k; dh mifofèk 6-2 ds vuqlkj gksxk]
c'krs± d{kk X o XII esa izo's k ds ekeyksa esa Øe'k% d{kk IX o XI dk fu;fer vè;;u dkslZ iwjk djus
dh 'krZ iwjh dj yh xbZ gksA
1-8 izos'k izfØ;k
(i)
lacfa èkr jkT; ljdkj@dsUnzh; fo|ky; laxBu@uoksn; fo|ky; lfefr] tSlh Hkh fLFkfr gks] }kjk fuèkkZfjr
:ijs[kk ds izo's k jftLVj dk vuqj{k.k ^fo|ky;* }kjk fd;k tk,xkA ^fo|ky;* esa HkrhZ gksus okys izR;sd
fo|kFkhZ dk uke bl jftLVj esa ntZ fd;k tk,xkA
(ii)
fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks izo's k ysus ij Øfed uEcj vkcafVr fd;k tkuk pkfg, rFkk izR;sd fo|kFkhZ }kjk fo|ky;
esa vius iwjs thoudky ¼dSfj;j½ ds nkSjku bl uEcj dks j[kk tk,xkA fo|kFkhZ fdruh Hkh vofèk dh vuqifLFkfr
ds ckn] fo|ky; esa okil vkus ij viuk ewy uEcj iqu% xzg.k djsxkA
(iii)
fdlh fo|ky; esa izo's k ds fy, vkosnu djus okyk dksbZ fo|kFkhZ ;fn fdlh vU; fo|ky; esa i<+k gks rks]
mldk uke izo's k jftLVj esa ntZ fd, tkus ls igys mlds fiNys fo|ky; }kjk tkjh mi fu;e esa fn,
x, QkjeSV esa LFkkukUrj.k izek.k i=k dh izekf.kr izfr izLrqr dh tk,xhA
(iv)
fdlh Hkh ifjfLFkfr esa fdlh fo|kFkhZ dks] LFkkukUrj.k izek.k&i=k ds vuqlkj mldh ik=krk dh d{kk ls
mPp d{kk esa izo's k ugha fd;k tk,xkA
(v)
fdlh fo|kFkhZ dk uke cksMZ dh ijh{kk ds fy, Hksts fn, tkus ds ckn] l=k ds nkSjku mls ,d ^fo|ky;*
ls nwljs esa LFkkukUrj.k ij tkus ¼ekbxzVs djus½ dh vuqefr ugha nh tk,xhA bl 'krZ esa dsoy fo'ks"k ifjfLFkfr;ksa
esa v/;{k }kjk NwV iznku dh tk ldrh gSA
(vi)
l=k ds var esa viuk fo|ky; NksM+us okyk fo|kFkhZ ;k l=k ds nkSjku viuk fo|ky; NksM+us ds fy,
vuqefr izkIr fo|kFkhZ mlds }kjk ns; jkf'k dh vnk;xh djus ds ckn v|ru LFkkukarj.k izek.k&i=k
dh vf/kizekf.kr izfr izkIr djsxkA ;fn laLFkk dk v/;{k bl ckr ls larq"V gks fd ewy izfr xqe gks
xbZ gS] rks ml izek.ki=k dh nwljh izfr tkjh dh tk ldrh gS] ijUrq ml izfr ij vuqfyfi ¼MqIyhdsV½
fy[k fn;k tk,xkA
(vii)
cksMZ ls vlEc) fdlh laLFkkiu dk dksbZ fo|kFkhZ tks cksMZ ls laEc) u gks] ;fn bl cksMZ ls lEc) fdlh
fo|ky; esa izo's k pkgrk gS rks ,slk fo|kFkhZ] ijh{kk mifu;e esa fn, x, QkjeSV esa bafxr izkfèkdkjh }kjk
izfrgLrk{kfjr LFkkukarj.k izek.k&i=k izLrqr djsxkA
(viii)
;fn fdlh fo|kFkhZ ds ekrk&firk vFkok vfHkHkkod }kjk vFkok Lo;a fo|kFkhZ }kjk c'krsZ fd fo|ky; esa
vius izo's k ds le; og ckfyx Fkk@Fkh] fn, x, fdlh fooj.k es]a fo|kFkhZ ds thou ds lacèa k esa tkucw>dj
xyr rF; fn, x, gSa rks] laLFkkiu dk izèkku mls jkT;@la?k 'kkflr {ks=k ds f'k{kk vfèkfu;e vFkok dsUnzh;
fo|ky; laxBu@uoksn; fo|ky; lfefr ds fu;eks]a ds varxZr ;FkkfLFkfr mls nf.Mr dj ldrk gS rFkk
bldh tkudkjh cksMZ dks nsxkA
11
ijh{kkvksa esa izos'k
1-9 lkekU;
;fn fdlh fo|kFkhZ dks fu"dkflr dj fn;k x;k gS vFkok vLFkkbZ :i ls fudkys tkus ¼jLVhds'ku½ dk
n.M fn;k x;k gks] vFkok fdlh Hkh dkj.k ls ijh{kk esa lfEefyr gksus ls oafpr dj fn;k x;k gS] rks bl fo|kFkhZ
dks cksMZ dh fdlh ijh{kk esa lfEefyr ugha fd;k tk,xkA
vf[ky Hkkjrh;@fnYyh mPp fo|ky; izek.k i=k ijh{kk
1-10 ijh{kk nsus ds fy, 'kS{kf.kd ;ksX;rk
(i)
vkWy bf.M;k@fnYyh lhfu;j Ldwy lVhZfQdsV ijh{kk esa 'kkfey gksus okys ijh{kkFkhZ us %
¼d½ bl cksMZ dh ekè;fed fo|ky; ijh{kk ¼d{kk X½ vFkok fdlh vU; ekU;rk izkIr cksM@Z fo'ofo|ky;
ls led{k ijh{kk] ml o"kZ ls de ls de nks o"kZ iwoZ mÙkh.kZ dh gks] ftl o"kZ esa og bl
cksMZ dh lhfu;j Ldwy lVhZfQdsV ijh{kk ¼d{kk XII½ esa lfEefyr gksuk pkgrk@pkgrh gksA
¼[k½ mi;qDZ r ¼d½ esa mYyf[kr ekè;fed fo|ky; ijh{kk ¼d{kk X½ esa vkarfjd ewY;kadu ds izR;sd
fo"k; esa Js.kh ¼xzsM½ bZ ls mPp Js.kh izkIr dh gksA
1-11 ijh{kkvksa esa izos'k % fu;fer mEehnokj
vky bf.M;k@fnYyh lhfu;j Ldwy izek.k&i=k ijh{kk esa ,sls fu;fer mEehnokj Hkkx ys ldsaxs
ftUgksua s lacfa èkr ijh{kk esa izo's k ds fy, viuk fof/kor~ Hkjk gqvk vkosnu i=k vkSj@vFkok cksMZ dh fuèkkZfjr
izfØ;k ds vuqlkj ftudk uke rFkk fu/kkZfjr Qhl laLFkk@fo|ky; ds v/;{k }kjk ijh{kk fu;a=kd dks
vxzsf"kr fd;k x;k gks rFkk ;g fof/kor~ izekf.kr fd;k x;k gks] fd
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
1-12
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
mlds ikl ijh{kk mifu;eksa }kjk fuèkkZfjr 'kS{kf.kd ;ksX;rk,a gSaA
mlus fdlh vU; cksMZ@fo'o fo|ky; dh dksbZ led{k vFkok mPp ijh{kk mÙkh.kZ ugha dh gS(
fo|ky; ds lfØ; gkftjh jftLVj ¼,fDVo jksy½ ij mldk uke ntZ gS(
og ijh{kk ds ftu fo"k;ksa esa lfEefyr gksuk pkgrk gS] mu fo"k;ksa esa mlus ijh{kk mifu;eksa esa
;Fkk ifjHkkf"kr ,oa mfYy[kr ^vè;;u dk fu;fer ikB~;Øe* dks mlus fdlh fo|ky; esa iwjk
fd;k gS(
mldk pfj=k ,oa vkpj.k vPNk gS( vkSj
og ijh{kk mi&fu;eksa ds vuqlkj mu lHkh izkoèkkuksa rFkk lacafèkr ijh{kk esa izos'k dks fu;af=kr
djus ds fy, cksMZ tks mu ij ykxw gksrs gSaA ;fn dksbZ gks] }kjk cuk, x, vU; izkoèkkuksa dh
'krks± dks iwjk djrk gS@djrh gS]
cksMZ ds lkFk lEc) fdlh fo|ky; ds fy, ;g vfuok;Z gksxk fd cksMZ ds mifu;eksa dk iw.kZr%
ikyu djs A
dksbZ Hkh lEc) fo|ky; ,sls fo|kFkhZ dks cksMZ dh fdlh Hkh ijh{kk esa izLrqr ugha djsxk] tks muds
fo|ky; ds gkftjh jftLVj esa ntZ ugha gS] vFkok ml fo|ky; dh vlEc) 'kk[kk@fo|ky;
dk fo|kFkhZ gksA
;fn cksMZ bl ckr ls fo'oLr gS fd dksbZ lEc) fo|ky; bl vuqPNsn ¼lsD'ku½ ds mi vuqPNsn
¼lsD'ku½ (i) vkSj (ii) dk vuqikyu ugha dj jgk gS] rks cksMZ dksbZ Hkh leqfpr n.M fu/kkZfjr dj
ldrk gSA
12
1-13 vè;;u dk fu;fer ikB~;Øe
(i)
ijh{kk mifu;e esa mYyf[kr vfHkO;fDr ^vè;;u dk fu;fer ikB~;Øe* ls vk'k;] ;FkkfLFkfr d{kk XI/
XII esa f'k{k.k dk;Z vkjaHk gksus ds fnu ls fxurh djds fo|ky;@cksMZ dh ijh{kk izkjaHk gksus okys ekg ls
iwooZ rhZ ekg dh izFke frfFk rd vk;ksftr d{kkvksa esa U;wure 75% mifLFkfr ls gSA ftu fo|kfFkZ;ksa us
¼,sls fo"k; fy, gS½a ftuesa iz;ksxkRed dk;Z lfEefyr gksa muds fy, ;g visf{kr gksxk fd ml fo"k; ls
lacfa /kr iz;ksx'kkyk esa iz;ksxkRed dk;Z ds fy,] dqy mifLFkfr esa ls U;wure 75% mifLFkfr ntZ dh gksA
laLFkk ds v/;{k dks ,sls fdlh Hkh fo|kFkhZ dks rc rd iz;ksxkRed ijh{kkvksa esa lfEefyr gksus dh vuqefr
iznku ugha djuh pkfg, tc rd mEehnokj mifLFkfr ds lacèa k esa bl fu;e esa nh xbZ mifLFkfr vis{kkvksa
dks iwjk ugha djrk ¼djrs½A
(ii)
foxr o"kZ dh blh ijh{kk esa tks mEehnokj vuqÙkh.kZ gks x;k gS vkSj mlus d{kk XI/XII esa iqu% izo's k ys
fy;k gks] rks mls ml ijh{kk dk ifj.kke izdkf'kr fd, tkus dh rkjh[k ds vxys ekg dh izFke frfFk
ls x.kuk djds fo|ky;@cksMZ dh ijh{kk izkjaHk gksus okys eghus ls iwooZ rhZ eghus dh izFke frfFk rd] laHkkfor
mifLFkfr esa ls 75% mifLFkfr iwjh djuh visf{kr gksxhA
(iii)
fdlh vU; laLFkk ls LFkkukUrj.k ¼ekbxz's ku½ ds ekeys esa mifLFkfr dh visf{kr izfr'krrk dh x.kuk djus
ds fy, jkT;@la?k 'kkflr {ks=k ds f'k{kk foHkkx }kjk ekU;rk izkIr laLFkkiu@fo|ky; esa ntZ mifLFkfr dks
Hkh 'kkfey fd;k tk,xk] tgka ls og fo|kFkhZ LFkkukUrfjr ¼ekbxzVs ½ gqvk gSA
1-14 vkarfjd ewY;kadu ds fo"k;ksa esa mifLFkfr dh vis{kk
(i)
cksMZ ls lEc) fdlh fo|ky; dk dksbZ Hkh fo|kFkhZ ijh{kk esa lfEefyr gksus ds fy, rc rd ik=k ugha
gksxk] tc rd fd og d{kk XI/XII ds izkjaHk gksus ds igys fnu ls x.kuk djds] vkarfjd ewY;kadu okys
fo"k;ksa dh ijh{kk izkjaHk gksus okys eghus ls igys vkus okys eghus dh izFke frfFk rd ifjdfyr mifLFkfr
esa ls 75% mifLFkfr iwjh ugha dj ysrkA
(ii)
mEehnokj dks dk;Z vuqHko ¼odZ ,Dlihfj;sl
a ½@dyk f'k{kk ¼vkVZ ,Mqd's ku½@'kkjhfjd ,oa LokLF; f'k{kk
ls vLoLFkrk ds dkj.k ds vk/kkj ij ls fpfdRlk vk/kkj ij NwV iznku dh tk ldrh gS] c'krs± fd] vkosnu
i=k ds lkFk iathÑr fpfdRld] tks fd lgk;d ltZu ls de Lrj dk u gks] }kjk fn;k x;k izek.k&i=k
layXu gks rFkk bls fo|ky; ds izèkku dh flQkfj'k ds lkFk vxzfs "kr fd;k x;k gksA
(iii)
vkarfjd ewY;kadu okys fo"k;ksa ds lacèa k esa mifLFkfr dh deh dks ekQ djus dk vfèkdkj ps;jesu ds ikl
gksxkA
1-15 mifLFkfr esa deh ds ekiQ djus ds fu;e
(i)
;fn fdlh mEehnokj dh mifLFkfr fuèkkZfjr izfr'kr ls de gksrh gS rks fo|ky; dk izèkku] mldk uke
vufUre:i ls cksMZ dks Hkst ldrk gSA ;fn ijh{kk izkjEHk gksus dh rkjh[k ls rhu lIrkg ds Hkhrj Hkh]
mEehnokj dh mifLFkfr visf{kr izfr'kr ls de gS rks] laLFkkiu ds izèkku }kjk bl ekeys dh tkudkjh
rqjUr lacfa èkr {ks=kh; vfèkdkjh dks nh tk,xhA ;fn laLFkku ds izèkku dh jk; esa mEehnokj fo'ks"k :i
ls è;ku fn, tkus dk ik=k gS rks dsUnzh; ekè;fed f'k{kk cksMZ ds ps;jesu ls mifLFkfr dh deh dks ekQ
djkus ds fy, og viuh flQkfj'k lacfa èkr {ks=kh; vfèkdkjh dks ijh{kk izkjaHk gksus ls de ls de rhu
lIrkg igys izLrqr djsxkA ps;jesu tSlk mfpr le>sxa s oSlk vkns'k nsxa As fo|ky; ds izèkku] mifLFkfr esa
deh dks ekQ djus ds vius vuqjksèk i=k es]a fo|kFkhZ }kjk ntZ dh xbZ vfèkdre laHkkfor mifLFkfr dk
13
mYys[k djsxa As mifLFkfr dh x.kuk] d{kk XII dk f'k{k.k izkjaHk gksus dh frfFk ¼l=k ds izkjEHk gksu½s ls
djds] cksMZ dh ijh{kk izkjaHk gksus okys ekg ls igys vkus okys ekg dh izFke frfFk rd dh tk,xhA mDr
vofèk ds nkSjku lacfa èkr mEehnokj }kjk ntZ mifLFkfr rFkk mDr vofèk ds nkSjku ,sls mEehnokj dh mifLFkfr
ds izfr'kr dk mYys[k fd;k tk,xkA
(ii)
v/;{k }kjk mifLFkfr esa dsoy 15% rd dh deh {kE; gSA d{kk XII esa 60% ls de mifLFkfr okys
ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa ds ekeyksa ij] v/;{k }kjk {kek ds fy, dsoy fpfdRlk vkèkkj ij fof'k"V :i ls fopkj
fd;k tk,xk ;fn mEehnokj dSl
a j] ,M~l] Vh-ch- tSls xEHkhj jksx ls xzLr gks vFkok mls ,slh pksV yxh
gks ftlesa yEch vofèk ds fy, vLirky esa jguk visf{kr gksA
(iii)
iz/kkukpk;Z mifLFkfr esa deh ds ,sls ekeys dks cksMZ esa Hkstxk tks bl lac/k esa ekQh nsus dh mi;qDZ r fofgr
le; lhek ds Hkhrj gks ftlesa og mifLFkfr esa deh dks ekQ djus dh flQkfj'k djsxk ;k ekeys dh flQkfj'k
u djus ds oS/k dkj.kksa dk mYys[k djsxkA
(iv)
fuèkkZfjr izfr'kr ls de mifLFkfr okys ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa ds ekeyksa ds lacèa k esa flQkfj'k djus ds fy, fuEufyf[kr
dks oSèk dkj.k ekuk tk,xk
¼d½ yEch chekjh
¼[k½ ekrk@firk dh e`R;q vFkok ,slh dksbZ vU; ?kVuk ftlds dkj.k og fo|ky; ls vuqifLFkr gqvk gks
vkSj tks fo'ks"k fopkj fd, tkus ds fy, mi;qDr gks(
¼x½ leku xaHkhj izÑfr dk dksbZ vU; dkj.k( Lrj dh gks]
¼?k½ izk;ksftr [ksydwn izfr;ksfxrkvksa tks de ls de varj&fo|ky; rFkk ,u-lh-lh-@,u-,l-,l f'kfojksa
esa izkf/kÑr :i ls Hkkx ysus dh vof/k rFkk bl izdkj ls Hkkx ysus ds fy, ;k=kk esa yxh vof/k
dks iw.kZ mifLFkfr ekuk tk,xkA
1-16 ik=k mEehnokjksa dks jksduk
lEc) fo|ky;ksa ds izèkku fdlh Hkh ekeys esa ik=k mEehnokjksa dks cksMZ dh ijh{kk esa lfEefyr gksus ls ugha jksdxas As
1-17 futh (izkbZosV) mEehnokj
ifjHkk"kk mifu;e ijh{kk mifofèk ns[ksAa
1-18 fnYyh lhfu;j Ldwy lVhZfiQdsV izek.k i=k (d{kk
esa lfEefyr gksus ds ik=k O;fDr %
(i)
XII)
ijh{kk esa izkbZosV mEehnokj ds :i
tks mEehnokj cksMZ dh fnYyh lhfu;j Ldwy lVhZfQdsV ijh{kk esa vuqÙkh.kZ gks pqdk gS] og mEehnokj vuqorhZ
ijh{kk esa futh mEehnokj ds :i esa iqu% nkf[kyk ysus ds fy, ik=k gksxk@ysfdu mls ml o"kZ dh ijh{kk
ds fy, fofgr ikB~; fooj.k vkSj ikB~;iqLrdksa dk gh v/;;u djuk gksxk ftl o"kZ esa og ijh{kk esa iqu%
nkf[ky gks jgk gSA
14
(ii)
(iii)
fuEufyf[kr Jsf.k;ksa ds mEehnokj Hkh izkbZoVs mEehnokjksa ds :i esa cksMZ dh fnYyh lhfu;j Ldwy lVhZfQdsV
ijh{kk esa uhps fuèkkZfjr 'krks± ij lfEefyr gksus ds ik=k gksxa s
¼d½ cksMZ ls lEc) 'kS{kf.kd laLFkkiuksa esa dk;Zjr ,sls vè;kid ftUgksua s mPprj ekè;fed ijh{kk esa lfEefyr
gksus ds de ls de nks o"kZ igys ekè;fed vFkok blds led{k ijh{kk mÙkh.kZ dj yh gksA vè;kid
mEehnokj ftl fo|ky; esa lsokjr gS]a ml fo|ky; ds izèkku }kjk tkjh fd, x, o lacfa èkr jkT;@la?k
'kkflr {ks=k ds f'k{kk funs'kd }kjk fof/kor~ izfrgLrk{kfjr izek.k&i=k ds lkFk viuk vkosnu i=k
ml {ks=k ds cksMZ ds {ks=kh; vfèkdkjh dks izLrqr djsxa ]s ftl {ks=k esa os dk;Z dj jgs gksAa
¼[k½ fu;e 1-18 (iii) esa mfYyf[kr 'krks± ds vèkhu] os efgyk mEehnokj tks jk"Vªh; jktèkkuh {ks=k fnYyh
dh okLrfod fuoklh gSa rFkk ftUgksua s mPprj ekè;fed ijh{kk esa lfEefyr gksus ds de ls de nks
o"kZ igys fnYyh ekè;fed vFkok blds led{k ijh{kk mÙkh.kZ dj yh gksA
¼x½ 'kkjhfjd :i ls fodykax os fo|kFkhZ tks lhfu;j Ldwy lVhZfQdsV ijh{kk esa lfEefyr gksus ds de
ls de nks o"kZ igys lSd.Mjh Ldwy ijh{kk vFkok blds led{k ijh{kk mÙkh.kZ dj pqds gksa vkSj
os bl vk'k; dk izek.ki=k izLrqr djsa fd os vè;;u ds fy, lkekU; laLFkkuksa tk ldus esa vleFkZ
gSaA
¼?k½ fu;e 17 (ii) % xro"kZ ds ,sls fu;fer mEehnokj ftlus ¼ftUgksua ½s vè;;u dk fu;fer ikB~;Øe
iwjk dj fy;k gS vkSj ftUgsa ijh{kk esa lfEefyr gksus ds fy, jksy uEcj vkoafVr dj fn;k
x;k gS] ijUrq tSlk fd ijh{kk ds mifu;e esa fuèkkZfjr gS] ds vuqlkj mifLFkfr esa deh ls
brj fpfdRlk ¼esMhdy½ dkj.kksa ls okf"kZd ijh{kk esa ugha cSB ik, gSa] os Hkh vuqorhZ ijh{kk
esa ml o"kZ dh ijh{kk ftlesa os lfEefyr gksaxs] ds fy, fuèkkZfjr ikB~;Øe vkSj ikB~;iqLrdksa
ds vuqlkj iqu% lfEefyr gksus ds fy, ik=k gksaxsA
efgykvksa@'kkjhfjd :i ls fodykax izkbosV mEehnokjksa dks fuEukafdr vfrfjDr 'krks± dks iwjk djuk
gksxk
¼d½ ;g fd mUgksua s mfpr ekxZ n'kZu esa futh Lrj ij fuèkkZfjr ikB~;Øe dk vè;;u tkjh j[kk gS(
¼[k½ ;g fd os cksMZ ds lkFk lEc) mPprj ekè;fed fo|ky; esa izo's k ysus esa vleFkZ gSa vFkok
,sls dqN vU; dkj.k gSa ftuls ckè; gksdj os izkbZoVs mEehnokj ds :i esa ijh{kk esa lfEefyr
gks jgs gSaA
1-19 vkWy bafM;k lhfu;j Ldwy lVhZfiQdsV ijh{kk d{kk
lfEefyr gksus ds fy, ik=k O;fDr
XII
esa ^izkbZosV mEehnokjksa* ds :i esa
(i)
cksMZ dh vkWy bafM;k lhfu;j Ldwy lVhZfQdsV ijh{kk esa vuqÙkh.kZ gks pqdk mEehnokj vuqorhZ
ijh{kk esa futh Nk=k ds :i esa Hkkx ysus ds fy, ik=k gksxk ysfdu mls ml o"kZ dh ijh{kk ds
fy, fuèkkZfjr ikB~;Øe vkSj ikB~; iqLrdksa dh gh ijh{kk nsuh gksxh ftl o"kZ esa og iqu% ijh{kk
ns jgk gSA
(ii)
cksMZ ls lEc) 'kS{kf.kd laLFkkiuksa esa dk;Zjr ,sls vè;kid ftUgksaus mPprj ekè;fed ijh{kk esa
lfEefyr gksus ds de ls de nks o"kZ igys ekè;fed vFkok blds led{k ijh{kk mÙkh.kZ dj
yh gksA vè;kid mEehnokj ml fo|ky; ftlesa os lsokjr gSa ds izèkku }kjk tkjh o lacafèkr
jkT;@la?k 'kkflr {ks=k ds funs'kd }kjk izfrgLrk{kfjr izek.k i=k ds lkFk viuk vkosnu i=k
ml {ks=k ds {ks=kh; vfèkdkjh dks izLrqr djsaxs] ftlesa os lsokjr gSaA
15
(iii)
fu;e 18 (iii) % xro"kZ ds ,sls fu;fer mEehnokj] ftlus ¼ftUgksua ½s vè;;u dk fu;fer ikB~;Øe iwjk
dj fy;k gS vkSj ftUgsa ijh{kk esa lfEefyr gksus ds fy, jksyuEcj vkoafVr dj fn;k x;k gS] ijUrq tSlk
fd ijh{kk mifu;e esa fuèkkZfjr gS ds vuqlkj mifLFkfr esa deh ls brj fpfdRlk ¼esMhdy½ dkj.kksa ls okf"kZd
ijh{kk esa ugha cSB ik, gS]a os Hkh ijorhZ ijh{kk esa izkbZoVs mEehnokj ds :i esa ml o"kZ dh ijh{kk ftlesa
os lfEefyr gksxa ]s ds fy, fuèkkZfjr ikB~;Øe vkSj ikB~; iqLrdksa ds vuqlkj iqu% lfEefyr gksus ds ik=k
gksxa As
1-20 vkWy bf.M;k@fnYyh lhfu;j Ldwy lVhZfiQdsV ijh{kk (d{kk
mEehnokjksa ds vkosnu tek djus dh izfØ;k
XII)
ds fy, futh (izkbZosV)
(i)
,d izkbosV mEehnokj ijh{kk ds fy, fuèkkZfjr Qhl o mEehnokj }kjk fof/kor~ gLrk{kfjr rFkk
vè;kid mEehnokjksa ds ekeys esa fu;e 1-18 (ii) ¼d½ vFkok 1.19 (ii) esa n'kkZ, x, izkfèkdkfj;ks]a
vkSj vU;ksa ds ekeys esa cksMZ ds 'kklh fudk; ds fdlh lnL; vFkok cksMZ ls lEc) fo|ky;
ds izèkku }kjk izfrgLrk{kfjr ikl iksVZ lkbt ds rhu QksVks ds lkFk fofgr QkeZ esa viuk vkosnu
i=k fuèkkZfjr le; lhek esa cksMZ ds {ks=kh; vfèkdkjh dks izLrqr djsaxsA
(ii)
vxj fdlh izkbosV mEehnokj dk vkosnu i=k fuèkkZfjr frfFk ds ckn izkIr gksrk gS rks mls fofgr
foyEc 'kqYd nsuk gksxkA
(iii)
vxj fdlh izkbosV mEehnokj dk vkosnu&i=k ijh{kk esa izos'k ds fy, vLohÑr dj fn;k tkrk
gS rks mlds }kjk vnk dh xbZ Qhl o foyEc 'kqYd vxj dksbZ fn;k gks rks mlesa ls 10 #?kVkdj vFkok ps;jeSu }kjk le;&le; ij fuèkkZfjr èkujkf'k mls okil ykSVkbZ tk,xh] ijUrq
,sls mEehnokjksa dh iwjh jkf'k tCr dj yh tk,xh ftuds vkosnu >wBs izek.k&i=k vFkok vlR;
oDrO; nsus ds dkj.k vLohdkj fd, x, gSaA
(iv)
izkbosV mEehnokjksa dks viuh ijh{kk ds fy, ,sls fo"k; dks ysus dh vuqefr ugha nh tk,xhA ¼pkgs
og ijh{kk ds fy, ekU; fo"k; D;ksa u gks½ tks fdlh lEc) fo|ky; esa i<+k;k ugha tkrk gSA
(v)
izkbosV mEehnokjksa dks ijh{kk ds fy, ,sls fo"k; pquus dh vuqefr ugha gksxh ftlesa iz;ksxkRed
dk;Z Hkh lfEefyr gSaA ijUrq ,sls mEehnokj tks iwoZorhZ 'kSf{kd o"kZ esa cksMZ ls lEc) laLFkku esa
ml ikB~;Øe dk fu;fer vè;;u dj pqds gksa ijUrq vuqÙkh.kZ jgs Fks mu ij ;g fu;e ykxw
ugha gksxkA rFkkfi bl 'krZ ds ckotwn efgyk mEehnokj ds lkFk x`g foKku esa ijh{kk nsus dh
vuqefr nh tk ldrh gSA
(vi)
,sls fu;fer mEehnokj dks] tks bl cksMZ vFkok fdlh vU; ekU;rk izkIr cksMZ ls lEc) fo|ky;
esa d{kk XII ds fy, inksUur ugha fd;k tk ldk gks] mu fo|kfFkZ;ksa dk cksMZ dh mPprj fo|ky;
izek.k i=k ijh{kk esa izkbosV mEehnokj ds :i esa cSBus dh vuqefr ugha nh tk,xhA
(vii)
izR;sd o"kZ l=k ds izkjEHk esa fo|ky; ds izèkku }kjk d{kk XI esa jksds x, efgyk o fodykax
Nk=kksa dh lwph] ftlesa Nk=k@Nk=kk dk uke] tUe dh rkjh[k] firk ;k vfHkHkkod dk uke] vkokl
dk irk lfEefyr gksxk] lacafèkr {ks=kh; vfèkdkjh dks Hksth tk,xhA
16
1-21 fo"k; cnyus lacaèkh fu;e
(i)
d{kk XI esa fo"k; ¼;ksa½ dks cnyus dh vuqefr fo|ky; ds izèkku }kjk iznku dh tk ldrh gS]
ijUrq ,slh vuqefr mDr f'k{kk l=k ds 31 vDrwcj ds ckn ugha nh tk,xhA
(ii)
fdlh Hkh mEehnokj dks d{kk
ugha dh tk,xhA
(iii)
mEehnokj d{kk XII esa og fo"k; ugha ys ldrk ftldk mlus d{kk
mÙkh.kZ u gqvk gksA
(iv)
fu;e 1-21 (ii) vkSj (iii) esa fufgr 'krks± ds ckotwn ps;jesu dks ;g vfèkdkj gksxk fd mEehnokj dks vuko';d
ijs'kkuh ls cpkus ds fy, fo"k;@fo"k;ksa esa ifjorZu dh vuqefr iznku djsa c'krs± fd ,sls ifjorZu ds fy,
vuqjksèk 30 flrEcj ls igys fd;k x;k gksA
XI
mÙkh.kZ djus ds i'pkr~ vius vè;;u ds fo"k; cnyus dh vuqefr iznku
XI
esa vè;;u u fd;k gks vkSj mlesa
1-22 vkWy bf.M;k@fnYyh lhfu;j Ldwy lVhZfiQdsV ijh{kk ds fy, futh@vè;kid mEehnokjksa }kjk
LFkkukUrj.k (ekbxzs'ku) izek.k i=k izLrqr djuk
ftu mEehnokjksa us fdlh vU; ekU;rk izkIr cksMZ@fo'ofo|ky; ls ekè;fed ;k led{k ijh{kk
mÙkh.kZ dh gS] mUgsa ijh{kk vkosnu i=k ds lkFk] lacafèkr cksMZ@fo'ofo|ky; dk LFkkukUrj.k ¼ekbxzs'ku½
izek.k i=k izLrqr djuk gksxkA ;fn fdlh dk LFkkukUrj.k ¼ekbxzs'ku½ izek.k i=k ijh{kk izkjaHk gksus ls
15 fnu igys rd izkIr ugha gksrk gS rks ml mEehnokj dh ijh{kk esa cSBus dh mEehnokjh jn~n dj
nh tk,xh rFkk cksMZ }kjk mldks ijh{kk esa lfEefyr gksus ds fy, izos'k i=k tkjh ugha fd;k tk,xkA
17
2- ijh{kkvksa dh ;kstuk vkSj mÙkh.kZ gksus ds ekun.M
2-1 lkekU; 'krs±
(i)
cksMZ }kjk vk;ksftr vkWy bf.M;k@fnYyh lhfu;j Ldwy lVhZfQdsV ijh{kk ds fy, ijh{kk ;kstukvksa o mÙkh.kZ
gksus ds ekun.M le;&le; ij fd, x, fu/kkZfjr vuqlkj gksxa As
(ii)
fo|ky;ksa }kjk d{kk
(iii)
d{kk
(iv)
cksMZ }kjk le;&le; ij d{kk
(v)
iz'ui=kksa dh la[;k] ijh{kk dh vofèk rFkk izR;sd fo"k;@iz'u i=k ds fy, vad] ml o"kZ ds ikB~;Øe esa
fuèkkZfjr ikB~;p;kZ esa fd, x, mYys[k ds vuqlkj gksxa As
(vi)
fo"k; ¼fo"k;ks½a ds Lo:i ds vkèkkj ij] fl)kUr ¼F;ksjh½ o izk;ksfxd ¼izDS VhdYl½ dh Hkh ijh{kk vk;ksftr
dh tk,xh rFkk vkcafVr vad vkSj xzMs ikB~;p;kZ esa fu/kkZj.k ds vuqlkj gksxkA
(vii)
izR;sd fo"k; ds fy, vad@xzMs vyx&vyx fn, tk,axs rFkk vadksa dk ;ksxQy ugha fn;k tk,xkA
XII
XI
dh ijh{kk dk vk;kstu Lo;a fo|ky; dh vkarfjd O;oLFkk esa fd;k tk,xkA
ds lekiu ij cksMZ }kjk cká ijh{kk lapkfyr dh tk,xhA
XII
ds fy, fu/kkZfjr ikB~;Øe ij d{kk
XII
dh ijh{kk vkèkkfjr gksxhA
2-2 Js.khdj.k (xzsfMax)
(i)
cká fo"k;ksa ds lS)kfUrd o iz;ksfxd iz'u i=kksa dk ewY;kadu la[;kRed izkIrkadksa esa gksxkA la[;kRed izkIrkadksa
ds vykok] mEehnokj dks tkjh dh xbZ vadrkfydk es]a cká ijh{kkvksa ds fo"k;ksa ds ekeyksa es]a cksMZ }kjk
vad Js.kh ¼xzMs ½ dk mYys[k Hkh fd;k tk,xkA vkarfjd ewY;kadu okys fo"k;ksa ds lacèa k esa dsoy Js.kh ¼xzMs ½
dk mYys[k fd;k tk,xkA
(ii)
ukS&fcanq iSekus dh o.kZØe Js.kh ¼ysVj xzMs ½ dk iz;ksx fd;k tk,xkA
(iii)
cká ijh{kk ls lacfa èkr fo"k;ksa ds fy, Js.kh ¼xzMs ½ dk fuèkkZfj.k vadksa ds vkèkkj ij fd;k tk,xkA vkarfjd
ewY;kadu ls lacfa èkr fo"k;ksa ds ekeys esa fo|ky; }kjk xzMs iznku fd, tk,axAs
(iv)
lhfu;j Ldwy lVhZfQdsV ijh{kk Lrj ij cká ijh{kk ds izR;sd fo"k; esa mÙkh.kZ gksus ds fy, 33% vad
visf{kr gSAa rFkkfi mPp fo|ky; izek.k i=k ijh{kk ds ,sls fo"k; ftuesa izk;ksfxd dk;Z Hkh lfEefyr gS]a
esa izR;sd mEehnokj dks ml fo"k; esa mÙkh.kZ gksus ds fy, dqy feykdj 33% ds vykok fl)kUr ¼F;ksjh½
esa 33% vad vkSj izk;ksfxd dk;Z ¼izfS DVy½ esa 33% vad vyx&vyx izkIr djus gksxa As
(v)
Js.kh ¼xzMs ½ iznku djus ds fy, cksMZ }kjk lHkh mÙkh.kZ Nk=kksa dks izkIr LFkku ds Øekuqlkj j[kk tk,xk rFkk
fuEukuqlkj Js.kh ¼xzMs ½ iznku dh tk,xhA
,1
mÙkh.kZ
mEehnokjksa
esa ls loksPZ p
1@8
,2
mÙkh.kZ
mEehnokjksa
esa ls vxys
1@8
ch 1
mÙkh.kZ
mEehnokjksa
esa ls vxys
1@8
18
ch 2
mÙkh.kZ
mEehnokjksa
esa ls vxys
1@8
lh 1
mÙkh.kZ
mEehnokjksa
esa ls vxys
1@8
lh 2
mÙkh.kZ
mEehnokjksa
esa ls vxys
1@8
Mh 1
mÙkh.kZ
mEehnokjksa
esa ls vxys
1@8
Mh 2
mÙkh.kZ
mEehnokjksa
esa ls vxys
1@8
bZ 1
vuqrh.kZ
mEehnokj
fVIi.kh
¼d½ leku vad izkIr djus okys mEehnokjksa dk lek;kstu ¼,MtLVesVa ½ djus ds fy, vuqikr esa ¼izkis ks'kZu½
esa NksVs ifjorZu ¼ekbuj oSfj,'ku½ fd, tk,¡xAs
¼[k½ leku vad izkIr djus ds ekeyksa esa leku vad izkIr djus okys lHkh Nk=kksa dks ,d tSlh Js.kh ¼xzMs ½ iznku
dh tk,xhA vxj izkIrkad ds fdlh fcUnq ij fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh la[;k dks nks [kaMksa esa foHkkftr djus dh t:jr
gks rks y?kq [k.M dks o`gn~ esa feyk;k tk,xkA ¼n Lekyj lsxesVa foy xks fonn yktZj½A
¼x½ ftu fo"k;ksa esa mÙkh.kZ gksus okys mEehnokjksa dh la[;k 500 ls vfèkd gS] Js.khdj.k ¼xzfs Max½ dk rjhdk iz;ksx
esa yk;k tk,xkA
¼?k½ ,sls fo"k;ksa es]a tgka mÙkh.kZ gksus okys mEehnokjksa dh dqy la[;k 500 ls de gS rks Js.khdj.k vU; leku
fo"k;ksa esa Js.khdj.k ¼xzfs Max½ vkSj forj.k dh i)fr ds vuqlkj fd;k tk,xkA
2-3 fo'ks"k ;ksX;rk (mRÑ"Vrk) izek.k&i=k
(i)
cksMZ }kjk izR;sd fo"k; esa mÙkh.kZ loksPZ p 0.1% mEehnokjksa dks ;ksX;rk izek.k&i=k iznku fd, tk,ax]s c'krs±
fd mUgksua s cksMZ }kjk mÙkh.kZ gksus ds fy, fuèkkZfjr ekud ds vuq:i ijh{kk mÙkh.kZ dh gksA
(ii)
fdlh fo"k; esa ;ksX;rk izek.k i=k iznku djus dh la[;k ml fo"k; esa mÙkh.kZ gksus okys mEehnokjksa dh
la[;k dks gtkj ds fudVre xq.kt ¼eYVhiy½ dh vksj iw.kk±d esa cnydj fuèkkZfjr dh tk,xhA vxj
fdlh fo"k; esa mÙkh.kZ gksus okys mEehnokjksa dh la[;k 500 ls de gS rks dksbZ ;ksX;rk izek.k i=k iznku
ugha fd;k tk,xkA
(iii)
leku vad izkIr djus okys fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds ekeys esa ;fn ,d fo|kFkhZ dks ;ksX;rk izek.k i=k fn;k tkrk
gS rks mrus vad izkIr djus okys lHkh fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks ;ksX;rk izek.k i=k fn;k tk,xkA
2-4 ijh{kk dh ;kstuk (lhfu;j Ldwy lVhZfiQdsV ijh{kk)
(i)
mu fo"k;ksa ds vykok tSls lkekU; vè;;u] dk;Z vuqHko] 'kkjhfjd o LokLF; f'k{kk] ftudk fo|ky; }kjk
vkarfjd ewY;kadu fd;k tkuk gS] vU; lHkh fo"k;ksa dh ijh{kk cksMZ }kjk vk;ksftr dh tk,xhA
(ii)
mu lHkh fo"k;ksa esa ftudh ijh{kk cksMZ }kjk yh tkrh gS]a fo|kFkhZ dks 100 vadksa okyk iz'ui=k fn;k tk,xk
ftldh vof/k 3 ?k.Vs dh gksxh rFkkfi izfS DVdy ijh{kk okys fo"k;ksa esa ,d fyf[kr iz'ui=k vkSj ikB~;fooj.k
rFkk ikB~;Øe esa ;Fkk visf{kr izfS DVdy ijh{kk gksxhA
19
(iii)
dk;Z vuqHko] lkekU; vè;;u vkSj 'kkjhfjd LokLF; ,oa f'k{kk ds lacèa k esa fo|ky; Nk=k dh lky Hkj
dh vkof/kd miyfCèk o izxfr dk lap;h fjdkMZ j[ksxa As cksMZ }kjk tc tSls mi;qDr le>k tk,xk bu
fjdkMks± dh leh{kk dh tk ldrh gSA
(iv)
;fn fdlh ekU;rk izkIr fo|ky; dk dksbZ mEehnokj tks 'kkjhfjd fodykaxrk vFkok vU; fdlh dkj.k
ls dk;Z vuqHko vkSj 'kkjhfjd ,oa LokLF; f'k{kk dh ijh{kk nsus esa vleFkZ gks rks mls fpfdRlk vfèkdkjh]
ftldk in lgk;d ltZu ls de u gks] }kjk tkjh fpfdRlk izek.k i=k o laLFkkiu ds izèkku dh bl vk'k;
ls vuq'kalk ds vkèkkj ij v/;{k] lh-ch-,l-bZ- }kjk NwV iznku dh tk ldrh gSA
(v)
izkbosV@i=kkpkj fo|ky; rFkk izk<S + fo|ky; }kjk izk;ksftr mEehnokjksa dks dk;Z vuqHko] lkekU; vè;;u
vkSj 'kkjhfjd o LokLF; f'k{kk dh ijh{kk ls NwV iznku dh tk,xhA
(vi)
dksbZ mEehnokj mÙkh.kZ gksus ds fy, fuèkkZfjr ekun.M dh 'krks± ds vuq:i] ,d vfrfjDr fo"k; ys ldrk
gS tks ;k rks oSdfYid Lrj ij dksbZ Hkk"kk gks vFkok vè;;u dh ;kstuk esa fuèkkZfjr dksbZ vU; oSdfYid
fo"k; gksA
2-5 mÙkh.kZ gksus ds ekun.M (lhfu;j Ldwy lVhZfiQdsV ijh{kk)
(i)
dksbZ Hkh mEehnokj tc rd fd mls NwV iznku ugha dh xbZ gks] ;fn vkrafjd ewY;kadu esa lHkh fo"k;ksa
esa bZ- Js.kh ¼xzMs ½ ls mPp Js.kh ¼xzMs ½ izkIr djrk gS rks og cksMZ ls mÙkh.kZ gksus dk izek.k i=k izkIr djus
ds fy, ik=k gksxkA vU;Fkk cká ijh{kk dk ifj.kke jksd fy;k tk,xk] ysfdu bl izdkj ,d o"kZ ls vf/
kd vof/k ds fy, ifj.kke ugha jksdk tk,xkA
(ii)
ijh{kk esa mÙkh.kZ ?kksf"kr fd, tkus ds fy, mEehnokj dks cká ijh{kk dh eq[; vFkok iwjd ¼dikVZeVas ½
ijh{kk ds lHkh ikap fo"k;ksa esa bZ (E) ls mPprj Js.kh ¼xzMs ½ vFkkZr~ de ls de 33% vad izkIr
djuk vfuok;Z gksxkA cká ijh{kk ds izR;sd fo"k; esa mÙkh.kk±d 33% gksxa As ,sls fo"k;] ftuesa izk;ksfxd
dk;Z ¼izSfDVdy½ Hkh lfEefyr gSa] mu fo"k;ksa esa mÙkh.kZ gksus ds fy, izR;sd mEehnokj dks dqy
feykdj 33% vad ds vykok fl)kUr iz'ui=k vkSj izfS DVdy ijh{kk esa 33% vad vkSj izfS DVdy
ijh{kk vyx&vyx izkIr djus gksaxsA
(iii)
dksbZ fMohtu@fo'ks"k ;ksX;rk ¼fMfLVaD'ku½@dqy ;ksx iznku ugha fd;k tk,xkA
(iv)
vfrfjDr fo"k; ysus okys mEehnokjksa ds lacaèk esa fuEufyf[kr ekun.M ykxw gksaxs %
¼d½ ;fn dksbZ mEehnokj fdlh Hkk"kk esa vuqÙkh.kZ gksrk gS rks fodYi ds :i esa yh xbZ Hkk"kk mldk
LFkku ysxh c'krs± fd izfrLFkkiuk ds ckn mEehnokj ds ikl vaxzsth@fgUnh esa ls fdlh Hkk"kk
esa mÙkh.kZ gksuk pkfg,A
¼[k½ vfrfjDr fo"k; ds :i esa fy;k x;k dksbZ oSdfYid fo"k; mEehnokj }kjk fy, x, oSdfYid
fo"k;ksa esa ls ,d dh izfrLFkkiuk dj ldrk gSA ;g fdlh Hkk"kk dh Hkh izfrLFkkiuk dj ldrk
gS] c'krs± izfrLFkkiuk ds ckn mEehnokj ds ikl vaxzsth@fgUnh ,d Hkk"kk ds :i esa jgrh gSA
¼x½ fodYi ds :i esa yh xbZ vfrfjDr Hkk"kk fdlh oSdfYid fo"k; dh izfrLFkkiuk dj ldrh
gS] c'krs± izfrLFkkiuk ds ckn yh xbZ Hkk"kk dh la[;k nks ls vfèkd u gksA
(v)
vkarfjd ijh{kk esa ,d ;k vfèkd fo"k;ksa esa NwV izkIr mEehnokj ml fo"k; dh cká ijh{kk esa
lfEefyr gksus ds ik=k gksaxs vkSj budk ifj.kke mÙkh.kZ gksus ds ekun.Mksa esa fuèkkZfjr vU; 'krks±
dks iwjk djus ij gh ?kksf"kr fd;k tk,xkA
20
(vi)
d{kk XI dh ijh{kk esa mÙkh.kZ ?kksf"kr fd, tkus ds fy, mEehnokj dks lHkh fo"k;ksa esa 33% vad izkIr
djuk vfuok;Z gSA ijh{kk ds izR;sd fo"k; ds fy, mÙkh.kk±d 33% gksaxsA ijh{kk ds ,sls fo"k; ftuesa
izk;ksfxd dk;Z Hkh lfEefyr gSa mu fo"k;ksa esa ;s izR;sd mEehnokj dks mÙkh.kZ gksus ds fy, dqy feykdj
33% ds vykok fl)kUr ¼F;ksjh½ esa 33% vad vkSj iz;ksfxd dk;Z ¼izSfDVy½ esa 33% vad vyx&vyx
izkIr djus gksaxsA
2-6 lhfu;j Ldwy lVhZfiQdsV ijh{kk dh vuqiwjd ijh{kk ds fy, ik=krk
cká ijh{kk ds ikap fo"k;ksa esa ls fdlh ,d fo"k; esa vuqÙkh.kZ gksus okyk mEehnokj ml fo"k; dh euq
iwjd ijh{kk nsus ds fy, ik=k gksxk] c'krs± og vkarfjd ewY;kadu ds lHkh fo"k;ksa esa mÙkh.kZ jgk gksA
2-7 lhfu;j Ldwy lVhZfiQdsV ijh{kk ds fy, dEikVZesaV (vuqiwjd) ijh{kk
2-8
(i)
lhfu;j Ldwy lVhZfQdsV ijh{kk dh vuqijw d ijh{kk ds fy, ik=k mEehnokj dks vuqijw d ijh{kk esa cSBus
ds fy, 5 volj fey ldrs gSAa igyk volj mlh o"kZ tqykbZ@vxLr esa vk;ksftr gksus okyh vuqijw d
ijh{kk es]a nwljk volj vxys o"kZ ekpZ@vizy
S es]a rhljk volj vxys o"kZ tqykbZ@vxLr es]a rFkk blds
ckn pkSFks o ikapos volj dk mi;ksx nwljs o"kZ ds ekpZ@vizy
S vkSj tqykbZ@vxLr esa vk;ksftr gksus okyh
ijh{kk esa lfEefyr gksdj izkIr dj ldrk gSA mEehnokj ;fn vuqrh.kZ gq, fo"k;@fo"k;ksa esa lQy jgrk
gS rks mls mÙkh.kZ ?kksf"kr fd;k tk,xkA
(ii)
,slk mEehnokj tks ;k rks vuqijw d ijh{kk esa lfEefyr ugha gksrk gS vFkok vuqijw d ijh{kk ds ,d ;k
lHkh voljksa esa vuqÙkh.kZ jgrk gS] rks mls ml ijh{kk esa vuqrh.kZ ekuk tk,xkA ijh{kk mÙkh.kZ djus ds
fy, mls lacfa èkr ijh{kk ds fy, fuèkkZfjr dkslZ ds ikB~;Øe ds vuqlkj cksMZ dh vxyh okf"kZd ijh{kk
ds lHkh fo"k;ksa esa iqu% lfEefyr gksuk iM+xs kA
(iii)
ekpZ esa vk;ksftr dh tkus okyh ijh{kk esa cSBus okys dEikVZeVas ds mEehnokjksa ds fy, ikB~;Øe o dkslZ
ogh gksxk tks bl ijh{kk esa 'kkfey gksus okys lHkh fo"k;ksa ds mEehnokjksa ds fy, ykxw gksxkA
(iv)
dEikVZeVas izkIr mEehnokj dks dsoy mUgha fo"k;ksa esa lfEefyr gksus ds fy, vuqefr nh tk,xh ftuesa mls
daikVZeVas esa j[kk x;k gSA fu;e 42 (ii)
(v)
mu fo"k;ksa esa ftuesa iz;ksxkRed dk;Z Hkh lfEefyr gS] vxj mEehnokj ijh{kk ds iz;ksxkRed
¼izSfDVdy½ dk;Z esa mÙkh.kZ gks pqdk gS rks] mls dsoy iwoZorhZ ijh{kk gh nsuh gksxh rFkk lS)kfUrd
mÙkh.kZ iz;ksxkRed ¼izSfDVy½ ijh{kk esa izkIr vadksa dks vxzuhr dj fn;k tk,xkA vxj dksbZ mEehnokj
iz;ksxkRed ¼izSfDVy½ ijh{kk esa vuqrh.kZ jgk gS rks ;g è;ku fd, fcuk fd og lS)kfUrd ¼F;ksjh½
dh ijh{kk esa mÙkh.kZ Fkk] mls iz;ksxkRed ¼izSfDVy½ o lS)kfUrd ¼F;ksjh½ nksuksa gh ijh{kk,a nsuh
gksaxhA
(vi)
,slk ijh{kkFkhZ ftls ekè;fed fo|ky; ijh{kk ¼d{kk X½ esa daikVZeVas esa j[kk x;k gS] igyh ckj esa gh ml
o"kZ ds tqykbZ@vxLr esa gksus okyh daikVZeVas ijh{kk esa lfEefyr gksus rd vLFkkbZ :i ls d{kk XI esa izo's k
fn;k tk,xkA ;fn og izFke volj esa daikVZeVas ijh{kk mÙkh.kZ djus esa vlQy jgrk gS rks mlds izo's k
¼,Meh'ku½ dks jn~n dj fn;k tk,xkA
lhfu;j Ldwy lVhZfiQdsV ijh{kk ds fy, vuqÙkh.kZ ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa ds iz;ksxkRed ijh{kk ds vad
lqjf{kr j[kuk
izFke iz;kl esa vuqÙkh.kZ gksus okys mEehnokj dks cksMZ dh ijorhZ okf"kZd ijh{kk ds lHkh fo"k;ksa esa lfEefyr
21
gksuk iM+sxkA ;fn mlus iz;ksxkRed ¼izSfDVdy½ mÙkh.kZ dj fy;k gS rks mls dsoy lS)kfUrd ¼F;ksjh½ Hkkx
esa lfEefyr gksuk iM+sxk rFkk iz;ksxkRed ¼izSfDVdy½ ds vadksa dks vkxs c<+k;k tk,xk o x.kuk esa fy;k
tk,xkA ;fn dksbZ mEehnokj iz;ksxkRed ¼izsfDVdy½ esa vuqÙkh.kZ jgk gS rks mls fl)kUr F;ksjh o iz;ksxkRed
¼izsfDVdy½ nksuksa esa lfEefyr gksuk iM+sxkA ;fn izFke iz;kl ds i'pkr~ og yxkrkj rhu o"kks± rd ijh{kk
mÙkh.kZ djus esa vlQy jgrk gS rks mls iz;ksxkRed ¼izsfDVdy½ lfgr lHkh fo"k;ksa dh ijh{kk esa iqu% lfEefyr
gksuk iM+sxkA
2-9- vfrfjDr fo"k;
(i)
cksMZ dh lhfu;j Ldwy lVhZfQdsV ijh{kk mÙkh.kZ djus okyk dksbZ mEehnokj izkbosV mEehnokj ds :i esa
vfrfjDr fo"k; ys ldrk gS] c'krsZ ,slk vfrfjDr fo"k; vè;;u ;kstuk esa lfEefyr gS rFkk ;g cksMZ
dh ijh{kk mÙkh.kZ djus ds N% o"kZ ds Hkhrj fy;k x;k gSA N% o"kks± ds ckn le;&lhek esa dksbZ NwV iznku
ugha dh tk,xhA vfrfjDr fo"k; esa lfEefyr gksus dh lqfoèkk dsoy okf"kZd ijh{kk ds nkSjku miyCèk gksxhA
(ii)
rFkkfi lhfu;j Ldwy lVhZfQdsV ijh{kk esa N% fo"k;ksa dh ijh{kk nsus okys mEehnokj fu;e 40 (iv) ds vuqlkj
ikap fo"k;ksa esa mÙkh.kk±d izkIr djus ds dkj.k ^mÙkh.kZ* ?kksf"kr fd, tkus ij vuqÙkh.kZ fo"k; esa mlh o"kZ
tqykbZ@vxLr esa vk;ksftr gksus okyh daikVZeVas ijh{kk esa lfEefyr gks ldrs gSAa
2-10 fu"iknu esa lq/kjµmPp fo|ky; izek.k i=k ijh{kk
(i)
cksMZ dh ijh{kk mÙkh.kZ djus okyk mEehnokj fu"iknu esa lqèkkj djus ds fy, dsoy ijorhZ o"kZ dh
ijh{kk esa iqu% lfEefyr gks ldrk gSA rFkkfi O;kolkf;d ;kstuk ds varxZr cksMZ dh dksbZ ijh{kk
mÙkh.kZ djus okyk mEehnokj] fu"iknu esa lqèkkj ds fy,] ijorhZ o"kZ vFkok ckn ds o"kZ dh eq[;
ijh{kk esa lfEefyr gks ldrk gS] c'krs± bl chp mlus mPp vè;;u u fd;k gksA os izkbosV mEehnokj
ds :i esa lfEefyr gksaxsA iw.kZ ijh{kk esa lfEefyr gksus okys] ijh{kkFkhZ fu;fer mEehnokj ds :i
esa Hkh lfEefyr gks ldrs gSa] ;fn fo|ky; }kjk mUgsa fu;fer fo|kFkhZ ds :i esa izos'k fn;k x;k
gSA fu"iknu lqèkkj ds fy, lfEefyr gksus okys mEehnokj dsoy mu fo"k; ¼;ksa½ ftuesa mUgsa mÙkh.kZ
?kksf"kr fd;k x;k gS] esa lfEefyr gks ldrs gSaA ftu fo"k;ksa esa os vuqÙkh.kZ jgs gSa muesa lfEefyr
ugha gks ldrs gSaA
(ii)
iz;ksxkRed dk;Z ¼izfs DVdy odZ½ okys fo"k;ksa ds lacèa k esa ;fn mEehnokj us eq[; ijh{kk esa iz;ksxkRed ¼izfs DVdy½
ijh{kk mÙkh.kZ dj yh gS rks mls dsoy fl)kUr ¼F;ksjh½ Hkkx esa lfEefyr gksus dh vuqefr nh tk,xh] rFkk
eq[; ijh{kk ds iz;ksxkRed ¼izfs DVdy½ esa izkIr vadksa dks vkxs ys tk;k tk,xk o x.kuk esa fy;k tk;sxkA
iz;ksxkRed izfs DVdy esa vuqÙkh.kZ gksus okys mEehnokj ds ekeys es]a bl ckr dks è;ku esa fy, fcuk fd mlus
fl)kUr ¼F;ksjh½ ijh{kk mÙkh.kZ dj yh gS] mls fl)kUr ¼F;ksjh½ o iz;ksxkRed ¼izfS DVdy½ nksuksa esa lfEefyr
gksuk iM+xs kA
(iii)
fu"iknu lqèkkj ds fy, lfEefyr gksus okys mEehnokjksa dks lqèkkj ijh{kk esa izkIrkadksa dks n'kkZrh gqbZ vad
rkfydk gh iznku dh tk,xhA
(iv)
,d vFkok vfèkd fo"k; dh lqèkkj ijh{kk esa lfEefyr gksus okyk mEehnokj] lkFk&gh&lkFk vfrfjDr fo"k;ksa
dh ijh{kk esa lfEefyr ugha gks ldrk gSA
2-11 ijh{kk mifu;e
ijh{kk esa lfEefyr gksus ds fy, 'ks"k 'krs± cksMZ }kjk le;&le; ij fuèkkZfjr ijh{kk mi fu;eksa ds vuqlkj
gksaxhA
22
3- vè;;u dh :ijs[kk
3-1 'kS{kf.kd èkkjk
I
o II fuEufyf[kr esa ls nks Hkk"kk,a ¼dksj@,sfPNd½ vf/kxe ds fo"k;ksa esa fuEufyf[kr lfEey gksxa s fganh]
vaxt
sz h] vleh] caxyk] xqtjkrh] d'ehjh] dUuM+] ejkBh] ey;kye] ef.kiqjh] mfM+;k] iatkch] flaèkh] rfey]
rsyqxw] mnwZ laLÑr] vjch] Qkjlh] fyEcw] ysipk] HkwfV;k] fet+ks] usikyh] frCcrh] Ýsap] teZu] iqrZxkyh]
:lh o Lisfu'kA
fVIi.kh
1- Hkk"kkvksa esa ls ,d vaxzsth vFkok fganh gksxh] vaxzsth o fganh nksuksa lkFk&lkFk Hkh yh tk ldrh gSaA
2- Hkk"kk,a ;k rks dksj vFkok ,sfPNd Lrj ij yh tk ldrh gSaA rFkkfi ,d gh Hkk"kk dks nksuksa dksj
Lrj o ,sfPNd Lrj ij ugha fy;k tks ldrk gSA
3- mEehnokj Åij nh xbZ nks Hkk"kkvksa esa ls ,d Hkk"kk ds cnys fdlh ,sls vU; oSdfYid fo"k; dks
pquus ds fy, Lora=k gksxk] ftldh O;oLFkk uhps III esa nh xbZ gSA
fVIi.kh % uhps fn;s rhu Lrjksa esa ls fdlh ,d Lrj ds fy, vaxzsth yh tk ldrh gS %
1- vaxzsth dksj
2- vaxzsth oSdfYid
3- O;kogkfjd vaxzsth
III-V.
fuEukafdr esa ls rhu ,sfPNd fo"k;
xf.kr] HkkSfrd foKku] jlk;u foKku] tho foKku] ck;ks VsDuksyksth] bathfu;fjax Mªkbax] vFkZ'kkL=k]
jktuhfr foKku] bfrgkl] Hkwxksy] O;olk; vè;;u] ys[kk 'kkL=k] x`g foKku] yfyr dyk] Ñf"k] daI;wVj
foKku@lwpuk izks|kSfxd vH;kl] eYVh ehfM;k o osc izkS|ksfxdh] lekt'kkL=k] euksfoKku] n'kZu 'kkL=k]
'kkjhfjd f'k{kk] laxhr o u`R;] m|ferk] QS'ku vè;;u] l`tukRed ys[ku ,oa vuqokn i;kZoj.k f'k{kk]
¼bl lacaèk esa Ñi;k uhps 3-2-1 vkSj 3-2-2- esa nh xbZ fVIif.k;ksa dk Hkh voyksdu djsaA
fVIi.kh % mEehnokj daI;wVj foKku vFkok lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh vH;kl esa ls dksbZ ,d pqu ldrk
gSA rFkkfi bu nksuksa esa ls fdlh ,d ds lkFk os eYVhehfM;k o osc izk|
s kSfxdh ys ldrs gSAa bl izdkj
,d mEehnokj lwpuk izks|kSfxdh dkslks± esa ls vfèkdre nks dkslZ pqu ldrk gSA
6. lkekU; vè;;u
7.
dk;Z vuqHkoA
8.
'kkjhfjd o LokLF; f'k{kk
vfrfjDr fo"k; %
mEehnokj] ,d vfrfjDr oSdfYid fo"k; Hkh ys ldrk gS tks oSdfYid Lrj ij Hkk"kk ¼mi;qZDr esa ls
dksbZ ,d½ gks ldrh gS ;k dksbZ vU; oSdfYid fo"k; Hkh gks ldrk gSA bl lacèa k esa Ñi;k vè;k;&2
23
ds [kaM 2-5 (iv) dks Hkh ns[ksAa ikB~;Øe dks i<+krs le; jk"Vªh; igpku o uSfrd f'k{kk ij tksj fn;k tkuk pkfg,A
fo|ky;ksa ls ;g vis{kk dh tkrh gS fd os cksMZ }kjk izdkf'kr ^fo|ky;ksas ds ek/;e ls jk"Vªh; ,dhdj.k* uked
iqfLrdk esa fufnZ"V ekxZn'khZ fl)kUrksa ds vuq:i bl {ks=k esa vius dk;ZØe rS;kj djsAa mlh izdkj cksMZ }kjk fufnZ"V
funs'Z kksa ds vuq:i lkekU; v/;;u] dk;Z vuqHko o 'kkjhfjd rFkk LokLF; f'k{kk ds dk;ZØeksa dh ;kstuk cukbZ
tk,A foLr`r tkudkjh ds fy, Ñi;k ikB~;Øe ds Hkkx&IV dk voyksdu djsAa
3-2 O;kolkf;d èkkjk
3-2-1 O;kolkf;d rFkk 'kSf{kd èkkjkvksa ds eè; lsrq
okf.kT; vkèkkfjr O;kolkf;d ikB~;Øeksa@iSdst+ksa o 'kSf{kd èkkjk ds varxZr fofHkUu fo"k;ksa ds eè;
lsrq ikB~;Øe miyCèk djk, x, gSAa rnuqlkj O;olk; vè;;u] ys[kk 'kkL=k o vU; fo"k;ksa dks okf.kT;
vkèkkfjr fuEufyf[kr O;kolkf;d dkslks± ls vè;;u ;kstuk ds varxZr visf{kr caèkuksa dks iwjk fd, tkus
dh 'krks± ij feykdj fy;k tk ldrk gS
1- vaxzsth Vad.k ¼dksM la- 607½
2- vaxzsth vk'kqfyfi ¼dksM la- 608½
3- fganh Vad.k ¼dksM la- 609½
4- fganh vk'kqfyfi ¼dksM la- 610½
5- foi.ku ¼dksM la- 613½
6- miHkksDrk O;ogkj o laj{k.k ¼dksM la- 615½
7- HkaMkj.k ¼dksM la- 617½
8- HkaMkj ys[kkdj.k ¼dksM la- 618½
3-2-2 fuEufyf[kr 'krks± ds v/hu bu ,fPNd fo"k;ksa dks O;olk; vè;;u] ys[kk'kkL=k o vU; fo"k;ksa
ds lkFk fy;k tk ldrk gS_
(i)
mi;qZDr lwph esa ls nks ls vfèkd ,sfPNd fodYi ugha fy, tk,axsA
(ii)
iqujko`fÙk ls cpus ds fy,] bu iz'u i=kksa dks 'kSf{kd èkkjk ds vèkhu leku fo"k;ksa ls lacafèkr
oSdfYid fo"k;ksa ds lkFk u tksM+k tk,] mnkgj.k ds fy, Hk.Mkj ys[kkdj.k ¼dksM la- 618½ dks
ys[kk'kkL=k ¼dksM la-55½ ds lkFk ugha tksM+k tk ldrk gSA
(iii)
;fn fganh vFkok vaxzsth esa vk'kqfyfi yh tkrh gS rks la;kstu dks vfèkd mn~ns'; iw.kZ cukus ds
fy, ;g vfuok;Z gksxk fd Øe'k% fganh Vad.k ;k vaxzsth Vad.k] tSlh Hkh fLFkfr gks yh tk,A
rFkkfi vaxzsth vk'kqfyfi dks fganh Vad.k ds lkFk la;kstu ugha fd;k tk ldrk vFkok blh izdkj
fganh vk'kqfyfi dks vaxzsth Vad.k ds lkFk la;kstu ugha gksxkA
24
3-3 vè;kiu dk le;
izfr lIrkg vè;kiu dk le;
fo"k;
iz L rkfor ?ka V s ¼ihfj;M½
Hkk"kk-I
7
Hkk"kk-II
7
,fPNd -I
8
,fPNd-II vFkok O;kolkf;d dkslZ
8
,fPNd-III
8
lkekU; vè;;u@lkekU; vk/kkjHkwr ikB~;Øe ¼th-,Q-lh½
3
dk;Z vuqHko ¼O;kolkf;d èkkjk esa ykxw ugha gksrk½
2+2*
2
'kkjhfjd ,oa LokLF; f'k{kk
*
visf{kr le; fo|ky; le; ds ckn fcrk;k tk,A
ikB~;Øe dh :ijs[kk cukrs le;] ;g eku fy;k x;k gS fd yEcs vodk'k ¼oSd's kUl½] lkoZtfud
vodk'k o vU; vkdfLedrkvksa dks è;ku esa j[krs gq,] gj f'k{k.k l=k esa okLrfod f'k{k.k dk;Z ds
fy, U;wure 30 lIrkg dk f'k{k.k le; miyCèk gksxkA rnuqlkj ihfj;Mksa dks bdkbZ o mi bdkbZ
esa ckaVk x;k gS] tks dsoy lkadsfrd gSA fo|ky; izR;sd fo"k; {ks=k ds lexz ihfj;Mksa dh la[;k dks
è;ku j[krs gq,] ;fn vko';d le>rs gSa rks fof'k"V ;wfuVksa dks muds lacfa èkr egÙo ds vuqlkj vfèkd
vFkok de la[;k esa ihfj;M vkcafVr dj ldrs gSAa izR;sd bdkbZ ds fy, vadksa dk vkcaVu vkns'kkRed
gS] vr% ;g vifjofrZr jgsxkA
fVIi.kh
12-
fo|ky;ksa ls ;g vis{kk dh tkrh gS fd os fo|ky; le; ds ckn lkeqnkf;d lsok ds fy, i;kZIr
le; nsa tks izfr lIrkg 2 ihfj;M ls de u gksA
O;kolkf;d oxZ ds f'k{kdksa dks pkfg, fd os dk;Z vuqHko ds fy, vkcafVr le; dk mi;ksx]
;fn visf{kr gks] rks dk;Z ds lkFk&lkFk izf'k{k.k ds fy, dj ldrs gSaA
3-4 f'k{k.k dk ekè;e
lkekU;r% cksMZ ls lEc) lHkh fo|ky;ksa esa f'k{k.k dk ekè;e vaxzsth vFkok fganh gksxkA
3-5 fo'ks"k izkS<+ f'k{kk vfHk;ku (,l-,-,y-Mh-)
Hkkjr ljdkj ds jk"Vªh; lk{kjrk vfHk;ku ds mn~n's ;ksa ds vuqlj.k esa 'kSf{kd l=k 1991&92 ls] d{kk
IX vkSj XI ds Nk=kksa ds O;kid lg;ksx ls fuj{kjrk lekIr djus ds fof'k"V mik; ds :i esa cksMZ }kjk
fo'ks"k izk<S + f'k{kk dk;ZØe pyk;k tk jgk gSA bldk uke ,l-,-,y-Mh- j[kk x;k gSA izk<S + f'k{kk vfHk;ku
dks] dk;Z vuqHko dk vfuok;Z ?kVd cuk;k x;k gSA ,l-,-,y-Mh- dh :i&js[kk ifjf'k"V ^d* esa nh xbZ
gSA pwfa d bl xfrfofèk dks izR;sd fo|ky; }kjk vfuok;Z :i ls viuk;k tkrk gS] vr% mudk è;ku vU;
ckrksa ds lkFk&lkFk :i&js[kk ds [kaM 2 vkSj 3 dh vksj vkÑ"V fd;k tkrk gSA
25
[k.M&2
vè;;u ds dkslZ
27
1. ENGLISH (Elective) Code No: 001
Classes XI -XII
Background
The course is intended to give students a high level of competence in English with an emphasis on the
study of literary texts and will provide extensive exposure to a variety of rich texts of world literature as
well as to Indian writings in English, including classics, and develop sensitivity to the creative and imaginative
Uses of English and give them a taste for reading with delight and discernment. The course will be pitched
at a level which the students may find challenging.
The course is primarily designed to equip the students to pursue higher studies in English literature
and English language at the college level and prepare students to become teachers of English.
Objectives
The general objectives at this stage are:
to provide extensive exposure to a variety of writings in English inclu9ing some classics.
to develop sensitivity to literary and creative uses of language.
to further expand the learners’ vocabulary resources through the use pf dictionary, thesaurus
and encyclopaedia.
to develop a taste for reading with discernment and delight.
to initiate the study of formal English grammar and elementary linguistics and phonetics.
to enable learners to translate texts from mother tongue into English and vice versa.
to critically examine a text and comment on different aspects of it.
At the end of this stage the Elective Course would ensure that the learner
grasps the global meaning of the text, its gist and understands how its theme and sub-theme
relate.
relates the details to the message in it; for example, how the details support a generalization or
the conclusion either by classification or by contrast and comparison.
comprehends details, locates and identifies facts, arguments, logical relationships, generalization,
conclusions, etc.
draws inferences, supplies missing details, predicts outcomes, grasps the significance of particular
details and interprets what he/she reads.
assesses the attitude and bias of the author.
infers the meanings of words and phrases from the context; differentiates between apparent
synonyms and appreciates the nuances of words.
appreciates stylistic nuances, the lexical structure, its literal and figurative use and analyses a
variety of texts.
29
identifies different styles of writing like humorous, satirical, contemplative, ironical a burlesque.
does text -based writing (writing in response to questions or tasks based on ‘prescribed well as
‘unseen’ texts).
develops the advanced skills of reasoning, making inferences, judgements, etc.
develops familiarity with the poetic uses of language including features of language through
which artistic effect is achieved.
to develop sensitivity to the literary and creative uses of language.
to further expand the learners’ vocabulary resources through the use of dictionary, thesaurus
and encyclopaedia.
to develop a taste for reading with discernment and delight.
to initiate the study of formal English grammar and elementary linguistics and phonetics.
to enable learners to translate texts from mother tongue into English and vice versa.
to critically examine a text and comment on different aspects of it.
At the end of this stage the Elective Course would ensure that the learner
grasps the global meaning of the text, its gist and understands how its theme and sub-theme
relate.
relates the details to the message in it; for example, how the details support a generalization or
the conclusion either by classification or by contrast and comparison.
comprehends details, locates and identifies facts, arguments, logical relationship generalizations,
conclusions, etc.
draws inferences, supplies missing details, predicts outcomes, grasps the significance, of particular
details and interprets what he/she reads..
assesses the attitude and bias of the author.
infers the meanings of words and phrases from the context; differentiates between apparel
synonyms and appreciates the nuances of words.
appreciates stylistic nuances, the lexical structure, its literal and figurative use and analyses a
variety of texts.
identifies different styles of writing like humorous, satirical, contemplative, ironical an burlesque.
does text -based writing (writing in response to questions or tasks based on prescribed a well
as ‘unseen’ texts).
develops the advanced skills of reasoning, making inferences, judgements, etc.
develops familiarity with the poetic uses of language including features of language through
which artistic effect is achieved.
30
Methods and Techniques
The techniques used for teaching should promote habits of self-learning and reduce dependence on the
teacher. The multi-skill, learner-centred, activity based approach already recommended for the previous
stages of education, is still in place, though It will be used in such a way that silent reading of prescribed/
selected texts for comprehension will receive greater focus as one of the activities. Learners will be trained
to read independently and intelligently, interacting actively with texts and other reference materials (dictionary,
thesaurus, encyclopaedia, etc.) where necessary. Some pre- reading activity will generally be required,
and course books should suggest those. The reading of texts should be followed by post reading activities.
It is important to remember that every text can generate different readings. Students should be encouraged
to interpret texts in different ways, present their views of critics on a , literary text and express their own
reactions to them. Some projects may be assigned to students from .. time to time. For instance, students
may be asked to put together a few literary pieces on a given theme nom Englis4 as well as regional
literatures.
31
Class XI
3 Hours
Marks 100
One Paper
Unitwise Weightage
Unit
Marks
1. Reading an unseen passage and poem
20
2. Writing
20
3. Seminar
10
4. Text for detailed study
.
30
5. Drama
10
6. Fiction
10
Marks
Periods
1.
Reading an unseen passage and a poem
(a) Literary or discursive passage of about 500-600 words
(b) A poem of about 15 lines
20
12
08
35
2.
Writing
(a) To write an essay on an argumentative/discursive/reflective/or
descriptive topic (150 words)
(b) To write a composition such as an article, report, a speech
(150 words)
20
35
3.
10
10
Seminar
10
Presentation of a review of a book, play, short story, novel, novella
followed by a question answer session
Poetry reading followed by interpretive tasks based on close reading
and literary analysis of the text.
Critical review of a film, a play or conducting a theatre workshop.
25
Note: The above will focus on presentation skills, analytical skills, spoken skills and literary criticism.
4.
Text for detailed study
30
Prose
20
(a)
(b)
(c)
Two passages for comprehension with short answer questions
testing deeper interpretation and inference drawing (04 x 2)
08
One out of two questions to be answered in about 100 words
each testing global comprehension
06
Two short answer questions testing comprehension to be
answered in a paragraph of about 30-40 words each
06
32
75
Poetry
(a)
(b)
5.
One extract from the prescribed poems for literary
interpretation, comprehension
04
One out of two questions on the prescribed poems for
appreciation to be answered in 100 words
06
Drama - Arms and the Man
(a)
6.
10
(b)
20
10
20
One out of two questions to be answered in about 150-200 words
to test the evaluation of characters, events and episodes.
Fiction
(a)
10
One question to be answered in about 150 words testing
the appreciation of characters, events, episodes and
interpersonal relationship.
06
Two out of three short answer type questions to be answered
in about 30-40 words on content, events and episodes. (2x2)
04
Books prescribed
1.
Text book: Woven words published by NCERT
2.
Fiction: Novel (unabridged) The Old Man and The Sea - E. Hemingway
3.
Drama: Arms and the Man - Bemard Shaw
Class XII
One Paper
Unitwise Weightage
3 Hours
Marks: 100
Units
Marks
1. Reading an unseen passage and poem
20
2. Writing
20
3. Applied Grammar
10
4. Texts for detailed study
40
5. Fiction
10
1.
Reading an unseen passage and poem
(a)
(b)
Marks
Periods
20
35
One literary or discursive passage of about 500-600 words
followed by short questions
12
A poem of about 15 lines followed by short questions to test
interpretation and appreciation
8
33
2.
3.
4.
Writing
20
(a)
One essay on argumentative/discursive topic (150-200 words)
10
(b)
To write a composition such as an article, report, speech
(150-200 words)
10
Applied Grammar
10
(a)
Editing and error correction of words and sentences
05
(b)
Changing the narration of a given input
05
Texts for detailed study
(a)
Two passages or extracts followed by short answer type questions
for comprehension, interpretation, drawing inferences (4x 2)
08
(b)
Two out of three questions fu be answered in 100 words each
testing global comprehension (6+6)
(c)
5.
40
Five out of six questions to be answered in about
60 words each testing comprehension, characterisation,
interpretation (3+3)
(b)
One out of two questions to be answered in about 60 words
each seeking comments, interpretation
04
One question in about 100 words to test evaluation and appreciation
of characters, events, episodes and interpersonal relationships
06
1.
ìKaleldoscope- Text book published by NCERT
2.
Fiction - Novel: Tiger for Malgudi by R.K. Narayan
or
The Financial Expert by R. K. Narayan
34
100
12
10
Books prescribed
10
4 x 5 = 20
Fiction
(a)
30
30
2. FUNCTIONAL ENGLISH (Code No. 101)
Aims and Objectives of the Functional English Course
to enable the learner to acquire competence in different linguistic functions
to reinforce the various subskills related to reading, writing, listening and speaking.
The Approach to Functional English Curriculum
A skill based communicative approach is recommended in Functional English with graded texts
followed by learner centred activities.
It is recommended that teachers consciously take a back seat, playing the role of a manager,
coordinator and facilitator.
Language Skills and their Objectives
Approach to Reading
The course aims at introducing variety in text type rather than having short stories and prose
pieces. The emphasis will have to be to enlarge the vocabulary through word building skills and
impart training in reading for spicific purposes.
Specific Objectives of Reading
To develop specific study skins:
to refer to dictionaries, encyclopedia, thesaurus and academic reference material
to select and extract relevant information, using reading skills of skimming and scanning,
to understand the writer’s attitude and bias.
to comprehend the difference between what is said and what is implied.
to understand the language of propaganda and persuasion.
to differentiate between claims and realities, facts and opinions.
to form business opinions on the basis of latest trends available.
to comprehend technical language as required in computer related fields.
to arrive at personal conclusion and comment on a given text specifically
to develop the ability to be original and creative in interpreting opinion
to develop the ability to be logically persuasive in defending one’s opinion.
To develop literary skills as enumerated below:
to personally respond to literary texts
35
to appreciate and analyze special features of languages that differentiate literary texts
from non-literary ones
to explore and evaluate features of character, plot, setting etc.
to understand and appreciate the oral, mobile and visual elements of drama
to identify the elements of style such as humour, pathos, satire and irony etc.
Speaking and Listening
Speaking needs a very strong emphasis and is an important objective leading to professional
competence. Hence testing of oral skills must be made an important component of the overall
testing pattern, To this end, speaking & listening skills are overtly built into the material to guide
the teachers in actualization of the skills.
Specific Objectives of Listening and Speaking or Conversation Skills (Aural/Oral)
to listen to lectures and talks and to be able to extract relevant and useful information for a
specific purpose.
to listen to news bulletins and develop the ability to discuss informally on wide ranging issues
like current national and international affairs, sports, business etc.
to respond in interviews and participate in formal group discussions.
to make enquiries meaningfully and adequately respond to enquiries for the purpose of travelling
within the country and even abroad.
to listen to business news and be able to extract relevant important information.
to develop the art of formal public speaking.
.
Writing Skills
The course for two years has been graded in such a way that it leads the students towards
acquiring advanced writing skills through the integrated tasks that move from less linguistically
challenging to more linguistically challenging ones. It has been planned on the premise that sub
skills of writing should be taught in a context and more emphasis should be laid on teaching the
process of writing.
Specific Objectives of Writing
to write letters to friends, pen friends, relatives etc.
to write business letters and official ones.
to send telegrams, faxes, e-mails.
to open accounts in post offices and banks.
to fill in rail way reservation slips.
to write on various issues to institutions seeking relevant information, lodge complaints, express
thanks or tender apology.
to write applications, fill in application forms, prepare a personal bio-data for admission into
colleges, universities, entrance tests and jobs.
36
to write applications, fill in application forms, prepare a personal bio-data for admission into
colleges, universities, entrance tests and jobs.
to write informal reports as part of personalletters on functions, programmes and activities held
in school (morning assembly, annual day, sports day etc.)
to write formal reports for school magazines or in local newspapers on the above events or
occasions.
to write presentation of opinions, facts, arguments in the form of set speeches for debates.
to present papers for taking part in symposia.
to take down notes from talks and lectures and make notes from various resources for the
purpose of developing the extracted ideas into sustained pieces-of writing.
to write examination answers according to the requirement of the various subjects.
37
CLASS XI
One Paper
Unitwise Weightage
Unit
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
3 Hours
Area of Learning
Advanced Reading Skills (Unseen passages two)
Effective Writing Skills
Applied Grammar
Literature
Conversation Skills (Listening + Speaking) (5+5)
Marks: 100
Mark
20
25
15
30
10
SECTION A
1.
ADVANCED READING SKILLS
20 Marks
50 Period
Two unseen passages (including poems) with a variety of questions including 04 marks for vocabulary
such as word formation and inferring meaning. The total range of the 2 passages, including a poem or
a stanza, should be around 650-1000 words.
1) 350-500 words in length - 8 marks (for note-making and
08
summarizing)
2) 300-500 words in length - 12 marks (04 marks for vocabulary)
The passages or poems could be anyone of the following types
12
(a) Factual passages e.g. instructions, descriptions, reports
(b) Discursive passages involving opinion e.g. argumentative,
persuasive
(c) Literary passages e.g. poems, extracts from fiction,
biography, autobiography, travelogue etc.
In the case of a poem, the text may be shorter than 200 words.
SECTION B
2.
3.
EFFECTIVE WRITING SKILLS
25 Marks
50 Periods
THREE writing tasks. as indicated below:
One out of two short writing tasks such as composing messages,
05
notices, e-mails and factual description of people, arguing for or against topic (50-80 words)
Note: e-mail is to be tested only as part of continuous assessment
4. Writing one out of two letters based on given verbal/visual input
10
a) Official letter for making inquiries, suggesting changes/
registering complaints, asking and giving information,
placing orders and sending replies (80-1 00 words)
b) Letters to the editors on various social, national and international issues
(125-150 words)
5. One out of two long and sustained writing task such as writing a speech or writing an article based on
verbal/visual input (150-200 words).
10
38
SECTION C
APPLIED GRAMMAR
15 Marks
30 Periods
Variety of questions, as listed below, may be asked to test grammar in context (i.e. not in isolated
sentences). Grammar items such as modals, determiners, voice and tense forms are being dealt with in
Class XI. However, other items such as prepositions, verb forms, connectors which have been learnt
earlier would also be included.
6.
Drafting questions/questionnaires based on given input
4
7.
Composing a dialogue based on the given input
4
8.
Testing Pronunciation., Stress and Intonation
3
9.
Error correction in sentences
4
SECTION D
LITERATURE
30 Marks
50 Periods
In the Literature Reader, questions will be asked to test comprehension at different levels and of
different kinds: local, global, interpretative, inferential, evaluative and extrapolatory.
10. One out of two extracts from different poems from the Literature
Reader, each followed by two or three questions to test local
and global comprehension of ideas and language used in the text.
4
11. Two out of three short answer questions based on different poems
to test theme, setting and literary devices. It mayor may not be
based on the extract. (80-100 words)
6
12. One out of two questions on the play from the Literature Reader to
test comprehension of characters and / or their motives
An extract mayor may not be used (80-100 words)
5
13. Two out of three short answer questions based on different prose texts
from the Literature Reader to test global comprehension of usage lexis
and meaning (80-100 words)
8
14. One out of two extended questions based on one of the prose texts in
the Literature Reader to test global comprehension and for extrapolation
beyond the text (100-125 words)
7
Prescribed Books
1.
Language Skills book - Functional English published by Central Board of Secondary
Education, Delhi.
2.
Literature Reader - Functional English published by Central Board of Secondary Education.
Delhi.
Conversation Skills
(Listening and Speaking)
10 Marks
30 Periods
Conversation Skills will be tested both as part of Continuous Assessment and at the final examination.
Out of the 10 marks allotted for Conversation 05 marks may be used for testing listening and OS marks
may be used for testing speaking. The Conversation Skills Assessment Scale may be used for evaluating.
39
Listening
The examiner will read aloud a passage based on a relevant theme or a short story. The passage may
be factual or discursive. The length of the passage should be around 350 words. The examinees arc
expected to complete the listening comprehension tasks given in a separate sheet while listening to the
teacher. The tasks set may be gap-filling, multiple choice, True or fa1se or short answer questions. There
may be ten different questions for half a mark each.
Speaking
Narration based on a sequence of pictures. In this section the candidate will be required to use the
language of narration.
Description of a picture (can be pictures of people or places)
Speaking on a given topic to test recall of a personal experience
NOTE:
At the start of the examination the examiner will give the candidate come time to prepare for the
task.
Students be asked to relate something from their personal experience such as a funny happening,
the theme of a book, story of a movie seen recently.
Once the candidate has started speaking, the examiner should intervene as little as possible
Conversation Skills Assessment Scale
Listening
Speaking
The learner:
The learner:
1.
has general ability to understand
words and phrases in a familiar context
but cannot follow connected speech;
1.
shows ability to use Only isolated words and
phrases but cannot operate on connected
speech level;
3.
has ability to follow short connected
utterances in a familiar context;
3.
in familiar situations, uses only short
connected utterances with limited accuracy:
5.
has ability to understand explicitly
stated information in both familiar and
unfamiliar contexts;
5.
shows ability to use more complex
utterances with some fluency in longer
discourse; still makes some errors which
impede communication:
7.
understands a range of longer spoken
texts with reasonable accuracy, and is
able to draw inferences:
7.
organizes and presents thoughts in a
reasonably logical and fluent manner in
unfamiliar situations; makes errors which do
not interfere with communication.
9.
shows ability to interpret complex
discourse in terms of points of view;
adapts listening strategies to suit purposes.
9.
can spontaneously adapt style
appropriate to purpose and audience;
makes only negligible errors.
40
Examination Specifications
Class XII
One Paper
3 Hours
Marks: 100
Unitwise Allocation
Unit
Areas of Learning
Marks
1.
Advanced Reading Skills (Unseen Passages-two)*
20
2.
Effective Writing Skills
25
3.
Applied Grammar
20
4.
Literature
35
SECTION A
1.
ADVANCED READING SKILLS
20 Marks
60 Periods
Two unseen passages (including poems) with a variety of questions including 04 marks for vocabulary
such as word formation and inferring meaning. The total range of the 2 passages ,including a poem or a
stanza, should be around 6S0-1 000 words.
1.
350-500 words in length (for note-making and summarising)
08
2.
300-500 words in length (4 marks for word attack skills)
12
The passages or poems could be anyone of the following types
Factual passages e.g. illustrations, description, reports
Discursive passages involving opinion e.g. argumentative, persuasive
Literary passages e.g. poems, extracts from fiction, biography, autobiography, travelogue etc.
In the case of a poem, the text may be shorter than the prescribed word limit.
SECTION B
2.
EFFECTIVE WRITING SKILLS
25 Marks
3.
One out of two short writing tasks such as notices, advertisements,
factual description of people arguing for or against topics,
places and objects, drafting posters, accepting and declining
invitations. (50-80 words)
4.
Writing one out of two letters of any of the following types based
on given verbal/visual input
60 Periods
5
10
a)
Official letter for making inquiries, suggesting changes-registering complaints asking and
giving information, placing orders and sending replies (80-100 words)
b)
Letters to the editors on various social, national and international issues (125-150 words)
41
c)
5.
Application for a job including CV (Curriculum Vitae)/Resume
One out of two long and sustained writing task such as writing a speech, a report or writing an
article based on verbal/visual input (200 words)
10
SECTION C
APPLIED GRAMMAR
20 Marks
30 Period
Variety of questions, as listed below may be asked, involving the application of grammar items in
context (i.e. not in isolated sentences). The grammar syllabus will be sampled each year. Grammar items
such as modals, determiners, voice and tense forms have been dealt with in Class XI. However other items
such as prepositions, verb forms, connectors which have been learnt earlier would also be included.
6.
Reordering of words and sentences
5
7.
Composing a dialogue based on the given input
5
8.
Error correction in sentences
5
9.
Drafting questions/questionnaires based on given input
5
SECTION D
LITERATURE
35 Marks
30 Periods
In the Literature Reader, questions will be asked to test comprehension at different levels and of
different kinds local, global, interpretative, inferential, evaluative and extrapolatory.
10. One out of two extracts from different poems from the Literature
Reader, each followed by two or three questions to test local and
global comprehension of ideas and language used in the text.
7
11. Two out of the three short answer questions based on different
poems to test theme, setting and literary devices. It mayor may
not be based on an extract. (80-100 words)
8
12. One out of two questions based on the play from the Literature
Reader to test comprehension and drawing/evaluating inferences.
An extract may or may not be used (80-100 words)
5
13. Two out of three short questions based on different prose texts
from the Literature Reader to test global comprehension of usage & lexis
and meaning (80-100 words)
8
14. One out of two extended questions based on one of the prose
texts in the Literature Reader to test global comprehension and
for extrapolation beyond the text ( 100-125 words)
7
Prescribed Books :
1.
Language Skillsbook- Functional English published by Central Board of Secondary
Education, Delhi.
2.
Literature Reader - Functional English published by Central Board of Secondary
Education, Delhi.
42
3. ENGLISH (Core)
Code No: 301
Background
Students are expected to have acquired a reasonable degree of language proficiency in English by
the time they come to class XI, and the course will aim, essentially, at promoting the higher-order language
skills.
For a large number of students, the higher secondary stage will be a preparation for the university,
where a fairly high degree of proficiency in English may be required. But for another large group, the higher
secondary stage may be a preparation for entry into the world of work. The Core Course should cater to
both groups by promoting the language skills required for academic study as well as the language skills
required for the workplace.
Objectives
The general objectives at this stage are:
to listen to and comprehend live as well as recorded oral presentations on a variety of topics,
to develop greater confidence and proficiency in the use of language skills necessary for social
and academic purposes.
to participate in group discussions/interviews, making short oral presentations on given topics.
to perceive the overall meaning and organisation of the text (Le., the relationships of the different
“chunks” in the text to each other).
to identify the central/main point and supporting details, etc.
to build communicative competence in various registers of English.
to promote advanced language skills with an aim to develop the skills of reasoning, drawing
inferences, etc. through meaningful activities.
to translate texts from mother tongue (s) into English and vice versa.
to develop ability and knowledge required in order to engage in independent - reflection and
enquiry.
to develop the capacity to appreciate literary use of English and also use English creatively and
imaginatively.
At the end of this stage learners will be able to do the following:.
read and comprehend extended texts (prescribed and non-prescribed) in the following genres:
fiction, science fiction, drama, poetry, biography, autobiography, travel and sports literature,
etc.
text-based writing (i.e., writing in response to questions or tasks based on prescribed or unseen
texts)
understand and respond to lectures, speeches, etc.
43
write expository/argumentative essays of250-500words, explaining or developing a topic,
arguing a case, etc.
write formal/informal letters and applications for different purposes.
write items related to the workplace (minutes, memoranda, notices, summaries reports; filling
up of forms, preparing CV s, e-mail messages etc.).’
taking/making notes from reference materials, recorded talks etc.
Language Items
The Core Course should draw upon the language items suggested for classes IX- X and delve
deeper into their usage and functions. Particular attention may, however, be given to the following areas of
grammar:
the uses of different tense forms for different kinds of narration (e.g. media commentaries,
reports, programmes, etc.).
the use of passive forms in scientific and innovative writings
converting one kind of sentence/clause into a different kind of structure as well as other items to
exemplify stylistic variations in different discourses
modal auxiliaries - uses based on semantic considerations.
Methods and Techniques
The techniques used for teaching should promote habits of self-learning and reduce dependence on
the teacher. In general, we recommend a multi-skill, learner-centred, activity based approach, (which
there can be many variations. The core classroom activity is likely to be that of silent reading (
prescribed/selected texts for comprehension, which can lead to other forms of language learning activities
:such as role play, dramatization, group discussion, writing, etc. although many such activities could b
carried out without the preliminary use of textual material It is important that students be trained to read
independently and intelligently, interacting actively with texts, with the use of reference materials (dictionaries
thesauruses, etc.) where necessary. Some pre-reading activity will generally be required, and the course
books should suggest suitable activities, leaving teachers tree to devise other activities when desired. St
also, the reading of texts should be followed by post reading activities. It is important to remember that
every text can generate different readings. Students should be encouraged to interpret texts in different
ways.
Group and pair activities can be resorted to when desired, but many useful language activities can be
carried out individually.
In general, teachers should encourage students to interact actively with texts and with each other.
Oral activity (group discussion, etc.) should be encouraged.
44
EXAMINATION SPECIFICATIONS
Class XI (ENGLISH CORE)
One paper
3 Hours
Marks: 100
Unitwise Weightage
Unit/Areas of Learning
Marks
A. Reading Unseen Passages (Two)
20
B. Writing
20
C. Grammar
10
D. Textual Questions
(i) Textbook
(ii) Supplementary Reader
30
10
40
E. Conversation Skills
(i) Listening
(ii) Speaking
05
05
10
50
SECTION - A
Reading unseen Passages for Comprehension and Note-making
20 Marks
40 Periods
Two unseen passages with a variety of questions including 5 marks for vocabulary such as words
formation and inferring meaning. The total length of both the passages together should be around 1100
words.
1.
The passages could be any of the following two types:
2.
(a)
Factual passages e.g. instructions, descriptions, reports.
(b)
Discursive passages involving opinion e.g, argumentative, persuasive.
SUMMARY - Class XI
1.
2.
Unseen
Passages
No of words
Testing Areas
12 marks
around 600
Short answer type questions
to test local, global and
inferential comprehension
10
Vocabulary
02
Note-making in an
appropriate format
05
Vocabulary
03
08 marks
around 500
Marks allotted
One of the passages should have about 600 words carrying 12 marks, the other passage should have
about 500 words carrying 8 marks.
45
The passage carrying 08 marks should be used for testing note-making for 5 marks and testing
vocabulary for 3 marks. Vocabulary for 2 marks may be tested in the other passage carrying 12 marks.
SECTION B
WRITING
20 Marks
3.
One out of two tasks such as a factual description of any event or
incident, a report or a process based on verbal input provided
(80-1 00 words).
04
4.
One out of two compositions based on a visual and/or verbal input
(in about 1 00-150 words). The output may be descriptive or
argumentative in nature such as an article for publication in a
newspaper or a school magazine or a speech.
08
5.
Writing one out of two letters based on given input. Letter
types include (a) business or official letters (for making enquiries,
registering complaints, asking for and giving information, placing
orders and sending replies); (b) letters to the editors (giving
suggestions, opinions on an issue of public interest) or (c)
application for a job.
08
40 periods
SECTION C
GRAMMAR
10 Marks
30 Periods
Different grammatical structures in meaningful contexts will be tested. Item types will include gapfilling, sentence-reordering, dialogue-completion and sentence-transfonl1ation. The grarnmar syllabus will
include the following areas:
6.
Determiners, Tenses, Clauses, Modals and Error Correction
4
7.
Editing Task
4
8.
Reordering of sentences
2
SECTION D
TEXTUAL QUESTIONS
40 Marks
100 Periods
Questions on the prescribed textbooks will test comprehension at different levels: literal, inferential
and evaluative based on the following prescribed text books:
1.
Hornbill : Text book, published by NCERT, New Delhi.
2.
Snapshots: Supplementary Reader, published by NCERT, New Delhi:
English Reader
9.
30 Marks
One out of two extracts based on poetry from the text to test
comprehension and appreciation.
4
10. Two out of three short answer questions from the poetry section to
test local and global comprehension of text (upto 30 words).
6
46
11. Five out of six short answer questions on the lessons from
prescribed text (upto 30 words)
12. One out of two long answer type questions based on the text
to test global comprehension and extrapolation beyond the set
text. (Expected word limit would be about 100-125 words each)
Supplementary Reader
2x5=10
10
10 Marks
13. One out of two long answer type questions based on
Supplementary Reader to test comprehension of theme,
character and incidents. (upto 100 words)
14. Two out of three short answer questions from the
Supplementary Reader (upto 30 words)
4
3+3 = 6
Prescribed Books
1.
Hornbill- Text book published by NCERT, New Delhi.
2.
Snapshots ñ Supplementary Reader published by NCERT, New Delhi.
Conversation Skills (Listening + Speaking)
Conversation Skills will be tested both as part of Continuous Assessment and at the final examination.
9ut of the 10 marks allotted for Conversation, 05 marks may be used for testing Listening and 05 marks
may be used for testing Speaking. The Conversation Skills Assessment Scale may be used for evaluating.
Listening
The examiner will read aloud a passage based on a relevant theme or a short story. The passage may
be factual or discursive. The length of the passage should be around 350 words. The examinees are
expected to complete the listening comprehension tasks given in a separate sheet while 1istcning to the
teacher. The tasks set may be gap- filling, multiple choice, true or false or short answer questions. There
may be ten different questions for half a mark each.
Speaking
Narration based on a sequence of pictures. In this section the candidate will be required to use
narrative language.
Description of a picture (can be pictures of people. or places)
Speaking on a given topic to test recall of a personal experience.
NOTE:
At the start of the examination the examiner will give the candidate some time to prepare. In
case of narration the present tense should be used.
Topics chosen should be within the personal experience of the examinee such as: relating a
funny anecdote, retelling the theme of a book read or a movie seen recently.
Once the candidate has started, the examiner should intervene as little as possible.
47
Conversation Skills Assessment Scale
Listening
Speaking
The learner:
The learner:
1.
has general ability to understand
words and phrases in a familiar context
but cannot follow connected speech;
1.
shows ability to use only isolated words
and phrases but cannot operate on
connected speech level; .
3.
has ability to follow short connected
utterances in a familiar context;
3.
in familiar situations, uses only short
connected utterances with limited accuracy
5.
has ability to understand explicitly stated
information in both familiar and unfamiliar
context;
5.
shows ability to use more complex
utterances with some fluency in longer
discourse; still makes some errors which
impede communication;
7.
understands a range of longer spoken
texts with reasonable accuracy and
is able to draw inferences;
7.
organizes and presents thoughts in a
reasonably logical and fluent manner in
unfamiliar situations; makes errors which do
not interfere with communication.
9.
shows ability to interpret complex
discourse in terms of points of view;
adapts listening strategies to suit purposes.
9.
can spontaneously adapt style appropriate
to purpose and audience; makes only
negligible errors.
48
CLASS XII
One Paper
Unitwise Weightage
3 Hours
Marks: 100
Unit/Areas of Learning
Section A
A. Reading Skills
Reading unseen prose passages and note making
Section B
B. Advanced Writing Skills
C. Section C (Prescribed Books)
(i) Flamingo
(ii) Supplementary Reader - Vistas
Marks
20
35
30
15
SECTION-A
Reading unseen Passages and Note-making
20 Marks
40 Periods
Two unseen passages with a variety of questions including 03 marks for vocabulary such as word
formation and inferring meaning and 05 marks for note-making.
The total length of the two passages will be between 950-1200 words. The passages will include
two of the following:
(a) Factual Passages e.g. instructions, descriptions, reports.
(b) Discursive passage involving opinion e.g. argumentative, persuasive or interpretative text.
(c) Literary passage e.g. extract from fiction, drama, poetry, essay or biography
Summary - Class XII
Unseen
passages
1.
2.
No of
words
Testing Areas
Marks Allotted
600- 700
Short answer type
questions to test local,
global and inferential
comprehension,
Vocabulary
09
03
Note-making in an
appropriate format
05
Abstraction
03
350-500
]
]
12
08
A passage of about 600-700 words carrying 12 marks and another passage of about 350-500
words carrying 08 marks
1.
A passage to test reading comprehension. The passage can be literary, factual or discursive. The
length of the passage should be between 600-700 words.
12
2.
A shorter passage of 350-500 words for note-making and abstraction.
49
08
SECTION B
Advanced Writing Skills
35 Marks
70 Periods
3.
One out of two short compositions of not more than 50 words
each e.g. advertisement and notices, designing or drafting
posters, Writing formal and infofI1ml invitations and replies.
5
4.
A report or a factual description based on verbal input provided
(one out of two) (100-125 words)
10
5.
Writing one out of two letters based on verbal input.
10
Letter types include:
(a) business or official letters (for making enquiries, registering complaints, asking for and giving
information, placing orders and sending replies):
(b) letters to the editor (giving suggestions on an issue)
(c) application for a job
6.
One out of two compositions based on visual and/or verbal input
(150-200 words). Output may be descriptive or argumentative
in nature such as an article, or a speech.
10
SECTION C
Text Books
45 Marks
100 Periods
Prescribed Books:
Flamingo
30
7.
One out of two extracts based on poetry from the text to
test comprehension and appreciation
4
8.
Three out of four short questions from the poetry section to
test local and global comprehension of text.
6
9.
Five short answer questions based on the lessons from
prescribed text. (2x5)
10
10. One out of two long answer type questions based on the text
to test global comprehension and extrapolation beyond the
set text. (Expected word limit about 125-150 words each)
10
Snapshots
15
11. One out of two long answer type question based on Supplementary
Reader to test comprehension and extrapolation of theme, character
and incidents (Expected word limit about 125- 150 words)
7
12. Four short answer questions from the supplementary Reader (2x4)
8
Prescribed Books
1.
Flamingo: English Reader published by National Council of Education Research and
Training, New Delhi.
2.
Vistas: Supplementary Reader published by National Council of Education Research and
Training, New Delhi.
50
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vkSj my>uksa dks ftruk gh vf/kd O;Dr djsaxs] mruh gh T;knk lQkbZ muesa vk ik,xhA
Hkk"kk dh d{kk ls lekt esa ekStwn fofHkUu izdkj ds }a}ksa ij ckrphr dk eap cukuk pkfg,A mnkgj.k ds
fy, lafo/kku esa 'kCn fo'ks"k ds iz;ksx ij eukgh dks ppkZ dk fo"k; cuk;k tk ldrk gSA ;g le> t:jh
gS fd Nk=kksa dks flQZ ldkjkRed ikB nsus ls ugha dke pysxk cfYd mUgsa le>kdj Hkkf"kd ;FkkFkZ dk
lh/ks lkeuk djokus okys ikBksa ls ifjp; gksuk t:jh gSA
52
'kadkvksa vkSj my>uksa dks j[kus ds vykok Hkh d{kk esa fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks vf/kd&ls&vf/kd cksyus ds fy, izsfjr
fd;k tkuk t:jh gSA mUgsa ;g vglkl djk;k tkuk pkfg, fd os ifBr lkexzh ij jk; nsus dk vf/kdkj
vkSj mldh dkfcfy;r j[krs gSaA mudh jk; dks roTtksa nsus vkSj mls csgrj rjhds ls iquizZLrqr djus dh
v/;kidh; 'kSyh ;gka cgqr mi;ksxh gksxhA
fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks laokn esa 'kkfey djus ds fy, ;g Hkh t:jh gksxk fd mUgsa ,d ukeghu lewg u ekudj
vyx&vyx O;fDr;ksa ds :i esa vgfe;r nh tk,A f'k{kd dks vDlj ,d dq'ky la;kstd dh Hkwfedk esa
Loa; dks ns[kuk gksxk] tks fdlh Hkh bPNqd O;fDr dks laokn dk Hkkxhnkj cuus ls oafpr ugha j[krk] mlds
dPps&iDds oDrO; dks ekud Hkk"kk&'kSyh esa <ky dj mls ,d vkHkk ns nsrk gS vkSj ekSu dks vfHkO;atuk
eku cSBs yksxks dks eq[kj gksus ij ck/; dj nsrk gSA
vizR;kf'kr fo"k;ksa ij fprau djus vkSj lksps gq, dh ekSf[kd o fyf[kr vfHkO;fDr djus dh ;ksX;rk dk
fodkl f'k{kd ds lapsr iz;kl ls gh laHko gSA blds fy, f'k{kd dks ,d fuf'pr varjky ij u,&u, fo"k;
izLrkfor dj ys[k ,oa vuqPNsn fy[kus rFkk laHkk"k.k djus ds fy, iwjh d{kk dks izsfjr djuk gksxkA ;g
vH;kl ,slk gS] ftlesa fo"k;ksa dh dksbZ lhek r; ugha dh tk ldrhA fo"k; dh fuLlhe laHkkouk ds chp
f'k{kd ;g lqfuf'pr dj ldrk gS fd mlds fo|kFkhZ fdlh fuca/k&ladyu ;k dqath ls rS;kj'kqnk lkexzh
dks mrkj Hkj u ysA rS;kj'kqnk lkexzh ds yksHk ls] ck/;rko'k gh lgh eqfDr ikdj fo|kFkhZ u;s rjhds ls
lkspus vkSj mls 'kCnc) djus ds ;Ru esa lUu) gksaxsA ekSf[kd vfHkO;fDr ij Hkh fo'ks"k /;ku nsus dh
t:rj gS] D;ksafd Hkfo"; esa lk{kkRdkj laxks"Bh tSls ekSdksa ij ;gh ;ksX;rk fo|kFkhZ ds dke vkrh gSA blds
vH;kl ds flyflys esa f'k{kd dks mfpr gkoHkko] ekud mPpkj.k] ikWt] cyk?kkr] gkftjtokch bR;kfn ij
[kkl cy nsuk gksxkA
e/; dkyhu dkO; dh Hkk"kk ds eeZ ls fo|kFkhZ dk ifjp; djkus ds fy, t+:jh gksxk fd fdrkcksa esa vk,
dkO;ka'kksa dh laxhrc) izLrqfr;ksa ds vkWfM;ks&ohfM;ks dSlsV rS;kj fd, tk,aA vxj vklkuh ls dksbZ
xk;d@xkf;dk feys rks d{kk esa e/;dkyhu lkfgR; ds v/;kiu&f'k{k.k esa mlls enn yh tkuh pkfg,A
o`Ùkfp=kksa vkSj Qhpj fQYeksa dks f'k{k.k lkexzh ds rkSj ij bLrseky djus dh t:jr gSA buds izn'kZu ds
Øe esa bu ij yxkrkj ckrphr ds t+fj, flusek ds ek/;e ls Hkk"kk ds iz;ksx dh fof'k"Vrk dh igpku
53
djkbZ tk ldrh gS vkSj fganh dh vyx&vyx NVk fn[kkbZ tk ldrh gSA fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks Lrjh; ijh{kk djus
dks Hkh dgk tk ldrk gSA
d{kk esa flQZ ,d ikB~;iqLrd dh HkkSfrd mifLFkfr ls cssgrj ;g gS fd f'k{kd ds gkFk esa rjg&rjg dh
ikB~;lkexzh dks fo|kFkhZ ns[k ldsa vkSj f'k{kd mudk d{kk esa vyx&vyx ekSdksa ij bLrseky dj ldsaA
Hkk"kk yxkrkj xzg.k djus dh fØ;k esa curh gS] bls iznf'kZr djus dk ,d rjhdk ;g Hkh gS fd f'k{kd [kqn
;g fl[kk ldsa fd os Hkh 'kCndks'k] lkfgR;dks'k] lanHkZxzaFk dh yxkrkj enn ys jgs gSaA blls fo|kfFkZ;ksa esa
bldk bLrseky djus dks ysdj rRijrk c<+sxh vuqeku ds vk/kkj ij fudVre vFkZ rd igqapdj larq"V gksus
dh txg os lgh vFkZ dh [kkst djus dk vFkZ le>k tk,axsA blls 'kCnksa dh vyx&vyx jaxr dk irk pysxk
vkSj muesa laonsu'khyrk c<+sxhA os 'kCnksa ds ckjhd varj ds izfr vkSj ltx gks ik,axsA
d{kk&v/;kiu ds iwjd dk;Z ds :i esa lsfeukj] V~;wVksfj;y dk;Z] leL;k&lek/kku dk;Z] lewg ppkZ]
ifj;kstuk] dk;Z] Lok/;k; vkfn ij cy fn;k tkuk pkfg,A ikB~;Øe esa tulapkj ek/;eksa ls lacaf/kr va'kksa
dks ns[krs gq, ;g t:jh gS fd le;&le; ij bu ek/;eksa ls tqM+s O;fDr;ksa vkSj fo'ks"kKksa dks Hkh Ldwy esa
cqyk;k tk, rFkk mudh ns[k&js[k esa dk;Z'kkyk,a vk;ksftr dh tk,aA
54
5- fganh ¼dsfa nzd½
dksM la- 302
d{kk & 11
¼d½
vifBr cks/k ¼x|ka'k vkSj dkO;ka'k&cks/k½
¼[k½
jpukRed ys[ku ¼dkedkth fganh vkSj jpukRed ys[ku½
¼x½
ikB~; iqLrd % vkjksg ¼Hkkx&1½
¼?k½
iw.kk±d & 100
10 + 5
15
25
20 + 15
35
iwjd iqLrd % vkjksg ¼Hkkx&1½
15
ekSf[kd vfHkO;fDr
10
d½
vifBr cks/k %
15
1-
dkO;ka'k & cks/k ¼dkO;ka'k ij vk/kkfjr ik¡p y?kwÙkjkRed iz'u½
05
2-
xn~;ka'k & cks/k ¼xn~;ka'k ij vk/kkfjr cks/k] iz;ksx] jpukarj.k] 'kh"kZd vkfn ij y?kwÙkjkRed
iz'u
10
¼[k½ jpukRed ys[ku % ¼dkedkth fgnh vkSj jpukRed ys[ku½
15 + 10
25
jpukRed ys[ku ij nks iz'u
3-
fuca/k
10
4-
dk;kZy;h i=k
05
5-
fu/kkZfjr iqLrd ^vfHkO;fDr vkSj ek/;e* ds vk/kkj ij tulapkj dh fo/kkvksa ij nks iz'u
fizaV ek/;e ¼lekpkj vkSj lEikndh;½
fjiksVZ@vkys[k
}
05
6-
Qhpj ys[ku ¼thou& lanHkksZ ls tqM+h ?kVukvksa vkSj fLFkfr;ksa ij½
05
x
vkjksg ¼dkO;&Hkkx&20 vad] x|&Hkkx&15 vad½
35
¼dkO;&Hkkx½
(2+2+2+2)
8
(3+3)
6
(2+2+2)
6
10- nks esa ls ,d x|ka'k ij vk/kkfjr vFkZxzg.k lacaf/kr rhu iz'u
(2+2+2)
6
11- ikBksa dh fo"k;oLrq ij vk/kkfjr pkj esa ls rhu cks/kkRed iz'u
(3+3+3)
9
7-
nks dkO;ka'kksa esa ls fdlh ,d ij vFkZxzg.k ds pkj iz'u
8-
dkO;ka'k ds lkSan;Zcks/k ij nks iz'u
9-
dfork dh fo"k;&oLrq ij vk?kkfjr rhu y?kwÙkjkRed iz'u
¼x|&Hkkx½
55
forku & Hkkx % 1
15
12- ikBksa dh fo"k;oLrq ij vk/kkfjr pkj esa ls rhu y?kwÙkjkRed iz'u
(3+3+3)
9
6
13- fo"k;oLrq ij vk/kkfjr nks esa ls ,d fuca/kkRed iz'u
?k
ekSf[kd ijh{k.k
10 vad
Jo.k ¼lquuk½% of.kZr ;k ifBr lkexzh dks lqudj vFkZxzg.k djuk] okrkZyki] okn&fookn] Hkk"k.k] dforkikB
vkfn dks lqudj le>uk] ewY;kadu djuk vkSj vfHkO;fDr ds <ax dks le>ukA
5
cksyuk % Hkk"k.k] lLoj dfork&ikB] okrkZyki vkSj mldh vkSipkfjdrk] dk;ZØe&izLrqfr] dFkk&dgkuh vFkok
?kVuk lqukuk] ifjp; nsuk] Hkkokuqdwy laokn&okpuA
5
okrkZyki dh n{krk,¡%
fVIi.kh % okrkZyki dh n{krkvksa dk ewY;kadu fujarjrk ds vk/kkj ij ijh{kk ds le; gksxkA fu/kkZfjr vadksa esa
ls 5 Jo.k ¼lquuk½ ds ewY;kadu ds fy, vkSj 5 ¼cksyuk½ ds ewY;kadu ds fy, gksaxsA
10
Jo.k ¼lquuk½ fVIi.kh dk ewY;kadu%
ijh{kd fdlh izklafxd fo"k; ij ,d vuqPNsn dk Li"V okpu djsxkA vuqPNsn] rF;kRed ;k lq>kkokRed gks
ldrk gSA vuqPNsn yxHkx 250 'kCnksa dk gksuk pkg,A ijh{kd@v/;kid dks lqurs&lqurs ijh{kkFkhZ vyx dkxt+
ij fn, gq, Jo.k&cks/k ds vH;klksa dks gy dj ldsaxsA
vH;kl fjDrLFkku&iwfrZ] cgqfodYih vFkok lgh&xyr dk pquko vkfn fo/kkvksa esa gks ldrs gSaA vk/ks&vk/ks vad
ds 10 ijh{k.k&iz'u gksaxsA
ekSf[kd vfHkO;fDr ¼cksyuk½ dk ewY;kadu %
1-
fp=kksa ds Øe ij vk/kkfjr o.kZu% bl Hkkx esa vis{kk dh tk,xh fd fooj.kkRed Hkk"kk dk iz;ksx djsaA
2-
fdlh fp=k dk o.kZu % fp=k yksxksa ;k LFkkuksa ds gks ldrs gSaA
3-
fdlh fu/kkZfjr fo"k; ij cksyuk] ftlls fo|kFkhZ@ijh{kkFkhZ vius O;fDrxr vuqHko dk izR;kLej.k dj ldsA
4-
dksbZ dgkuh lqukuk ;k fdlh ?kVuk dk o.kZu djukA
fVIi.kh %
ijh{k.k ls iwoZ ijh{kkFkhZ dks dqN rS;kjh ds fy, le; fn;k tk,A
fooj.kkRed Hkk"kk esa orZeku dky dk iz;ksx visf{kr gSA
fu/kkZfjr fo"k; ijh{kkFkhZ ds vuqHko&txr ds gksa tSls
dksbZ pqVdyk ;k gkL; izlx lqukukA
gky esa i<+h iqLrd ;k ns[ks flusek dh dgkuh lqukukA
tc ijh{kkFkhZ cksyuk vkjaHk dj ns rks ijh{kd de ls de gLr{ksi djsaA
56
dkS'kyksa ds varj.k dk ewY;kadu
¼bl ckr dk fu'p; djuk fd D;k fo|kFkhZ esa Jo.k vkSj okpu dh fuEufyf[kr ;ksX;rk,¡ gSaA½
Jo.k ¼lquuk½
okpu ¼cksyuk½
fo|kFkhZ esa &
fo|kFkhZ &
1-
ifjfpr lanHkksZa esa iz;qDr 'kCnksa vkSj inksa dks
le>us dh lkekU; ;ksX;rk gS fdUrq og
lqlcan~/k vk'k; dks ugha le> ikrkA
1-
dsoy vyx&vyx 'kCnksa vkSj inksa ds
iz;ksx dh ;ksX;rk iznf'kZr djrk gS fdUrq
,d lqlacn~/k Lrj ij ugha cksy ldrkA
3-
NksVs lacn~/k dFkuksa dks ifjfpr lanHkksZa esa le>us
dh ;ksX;rk gSA
3-
ifjfpr lanHkksZa es dsoy NksVs lacn~/k
dFkuksa dk lhfer 'kq)rk ls iz;ksx djrk gSA
5-
ifjfpr ;k vifjfpr nksuksa lanHkksa esa dfFkr lwpuk
dks Li"V le>us dh ;ksX;rk gSA
5-
vis{kkd`r nh?kZ Hkk"k.k esa vf/kd tfVy
dFkuksa ds iz;ksx dh ;ksX;rk iznf'kZr djrk gS]
vHkh Hkh dqN v'kqf);ka djrk gS] ftlls
izs"k.k esa :dkoV vkrh gSA
7-
nh?kZ dFkuksa dh J`a[kyk dks i;kZIr 'kq)rk ls le>us
vkSj fu"d"kZ fudky ldus dh ;ksX;rk gSA
7-
vifjfpr fLFkfr;ksa esa fopkjksa dks rkfdZd <ax
ls laxfBr dj /kkjk&izokg :i esa izLrqr
djrk gSA ,slh xyfr;k¡ djrk gS ftuls
izs"k.k esa :dkoV ugha vkrhA
9-
tfVy dFkuksa ds fopkj&fcanqvksa dks le>us dh ;ksX;rk
iznf'kZr djus dh {kerk gSA og mís'; ds vuqdwy
lquus dh dq'kyrk iznf'kZr djrk gSA
9-
mís'; vkSj Jksrk ds fy, mi;qDr 'kSyh dks
viuk ldrk gS] dsoy ekewyh xyfr;k¡ djrk
gSA
fu/kkZfjr iqLrdsa%
¼ i½ vkjksg Hkkx&1 ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh] }kjk izdkf'kr
¼ii½ forku Hkkx&1 ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh- }kjk izdkf'kr
¼iii½ vfHkO;fDr vkSj ek/;e ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh- }kjk izdkf'kr
57
fganh ¼dsfa nzd½
dksM la- 302
d{kk & 12
vad
¼d½
vifBr cks/k ¼x|ka'k vkSj dkO;ka'k&cks/k½
¼[k½
jpukRed ys[ku ,oa tu&lapkj ek/;e
ikB~; iqLrd %
iwjd iqLrd % forku ¼Hkkx&2½
20
15+5+5+5
25
vfHkO;fDr vkSj ek/;e
¼fizVa ek/;e laikndh;] fjiksV]Z vkys[k] Qhpj&ys[ku½
¼x½
12+8
vkjksg ¼Hkkx&2½ ¼dkO;ka'k&20 x|ka'k&20½
40
15
100
d
vifBr cks/k %
20
1-
dkO;ka'k&cks/k ij vk/kkfjr ik¡p y?kwÙkjkRed iz'u
10
2-
x|ka'k&cks/k ij vk/kkfjr cks/k] iz;ksx] jpukarj.k] 'kh"kZd vkfn ij y?kwÙkjkRed iz'u
10
[k
jpukRed ys[ku ,oa tu&lapkj ek/;e%
25
3-
fuca/k
tu&lapkj dh fuEufyf[kr fo/kkvksa ij nks iz'u &
10
4-
fjiksVZ
05
5-
vkys[k
05
6-
Qhpj ys[ku ¼thou&lanHkksZa ls tqM+h ?kVukvksa vkSj fLFkfr;ksa ij Qhpj&ys[ku½
05
x
vkjksg Hkkx&2 ¼dkO;&Hkkx vkSj x|&Hkkx½
7-
nks dkO;ka'kksa esa ls fdlh ,d ij vFkZxzg.k ds pkj@ik¡p iz'u
8-
dkO;ka'k ds lkSan;Zcks/k ij nks iz'u ds LFkku ij fodYi fn;k tk,xkA
fdlh ,d dkO;ka'k ds rhuksa iz'uksa ds mÙkj nsus gksaxsA
9-
dforkvksa dh fo"k;&oLrq ls lacaf/kr rhu esa ls y?kw+ÙkjkRed iz'u
(20+20)
40
10
(2+2+2)
6
(2+2)
4
10- nks esa ls fdlh ,d x|ka'k ij vk/kkfjr vFkZ&xzg.k ds pkj iz'u
(2+2+2+2)
08
11- ikBksa dh fo"k; oLrq ij vk/kkfjr ikap esa ls pkj cks/kkRed iz'u
(3+3+3+3)
12
58
iwjd iqLrd % forku Hkkx 2
15
12- ikBksa dh fo"k;oLrq ij vk/kkfjr rhu esa ls nks y?kwÙkjkRed iz'u
(3+3)
06
13- fopkj@lans'k ij vk/kkfjr rhu esa ls nks y?kwÙkjkRed iz'u
(2+2)
04
14- fo"k;oLrq ij vk/kkfjr nks esa ls ,d fuca/kkRed iz'u
fu/kkZfjr iqLrdsa %
(i)
vkjksg Hkkx&2 ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh- }kjk izdkf'kr
(ii)
forku Hkkx&2 ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh- }kjk izdkf'kr
(iii) ^vfHkO;fDr vkSj ek/;e* ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh- }kjk izdkf'kr
59
05
5- fganh ¼,sfPNd½ dksM la- 002
XI-XII
mPprj ek/;fed Lrj esa izos'k ysus okyk fo|kFkhZ igyh ckj lkekU; f'k{kk ls fo'ks"k vuq'kklu dh f'k{kk dh
vksj mUeq[k gksrk gSA nl o"kksZa esa fo|kFkhZ Hkk"kk ds dkS'kyksa ls ifjfpr gks tkrk gSA Hkk"kk vkSj lkfgR; ds Lrj ij mldk
nk;jk vc ?kj] ikl&iM+ksl] Ldwy] izkar vkSj ns'k ls gksrk gqvk /khsjs&/khjs fo'o rd QSy tkrk gSA og bl mez esa igq¡p
pqdk gS fd ns'k dh lkaLd`frd] lkekftd] jktuhfrd vkSj vkfFkZd leL;kvksa ij fopkj&foe'kZ dj lds] ,d ft+Eesnkj
ukxfjd dh rjg viuh ftEesnkfj;ksa dks le> lds rFkk ns'k vkSj [kqn dks lgh fn'kk ns ldus esa Hkk"kk dh rkdr dks
igpku ldsA ,sls n`<+ Hkkf"kd vkSj oSpkfjd vk/kkj ds lkFk tc fo|kFkhZ vkrk gS rks mls foe'kZ dh Hkk"kk ds :i esa
fganh dh O;kid le> vkSj iz;ksx esa n{k cuk;k lcls igyk mís'; gksxkA fd'kksjkoLFk ls ;qokoLFkk ds bl uktqd eksM+
ij fdlh Hkh fo"k; dk pquko djrs le; cPps vkSj muds vfHkHkkod bl ckr dks ysdj lcls vf/kd fpafrr jgrs gSa
fd p;fur fo"k; muds Hkkoh dSfj;j vkSj thfodk ds voljksa esa enn djsxk fd ughaA bl mez ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa esa fpru
vkSj fu.kZ; djus dh izo`fÙk Hkh izcy gksrh gSA blh vk/kkj iij os vius ekufld] lkekftd] ckSf)d vkSj Hkkf"kd
fodkl ds izfr Hk lpsr gksrs gSa vkSj vius Hkkoh v/;;u dh fn'kk r; djrs gSaA bl Lrj ij ,sfPNd fganh dk v/;;u
,d l`tukRed] lkfgfR;d] lkaLd`frd vkSj fofHkUu iz;qfDr;ksa dh Hkk"kk ds :i esa gksxkA bl ckr ij Hkh cy fn;k
tk,xk fd fuajrj fodflr gksrh fganh ds vf[ky Hkkjrh; Lo:i ls cPps dk fj'rk cu ldsA
bl Lrj ij fo|kfFkZ;ksa es Hkk"kk ds fyf[kr iz;ksx ds lkFk&lkFk mlds ekSf[kd iz;ksx dh dq'kyrk vkSj n{krk dk
fodkl Hkh t+:jh gSA iz;kl ;g Hkh gksxk fd fo|kFkhZ vius fc[kjs gq, fopkjksa vkSj Hkkoksa dh lgt vkSj ekSfyd
vfHkO;fDr dh {kerk gkfly dj ldsA
bl ikB~;Øe ds v/;;u ls (i) fo|kFkhZ viuh :fp vkSj vko';drk ds vuq:i lkfgR; dk xgu vkSj fo'ks"k
v/;;u tkjh j[k ldsxa As (ii) fo'ofo|ky; Lrj ij fu/kkZfjr fganh&lkfgR; ls lacfa /kr ikB~;Øe ds lkFk lgt lac/a k LFkkfir
dj ldsaxsA (iii) ys[ku&dkS'ky ds O;kogkfjd vkSj l`tukRed :iksa dh vfHkO;fdr esa l{ke gks ldasaxsA ¼iv½ jkstxkj
ds fdlh Hkh {ks=k esa tkus ij Hkk"kk dk iz;ksx izHkkoh <ax ls dj ldsaxsA vkSj ¼v½ ;g ikB~;Øe fo|kFkhZ dks lapkj rFkk
izdk'ku tSls fofHkUu&{ks=kksa esa viuh {kerk vktekus ds volj iznku dj ldrk gSA
60
mís';
l`tukRed lkfgR; dh ljkguk] mldk vkuan mBkuk vkSj mlds izfr l`tukRed vkSj vkykspukRed n`f"V
dk fodklA
lkfgR; dh fofo/k fo/kkvksa ¼dfork] dgkuh] fuc/ak vkfn½ egRoiw.kZ dfo;ksa vkSj jpukdkjksa] izeq[k /kkjkvksa
vkSj 'kSfy;ksa dk ifjp; djkukA
Hkk"kk dh l`tukRed ckjhfd;ksa vkSj O;kogkfjd iz;ksxksa dk cks/k rFkk lanHkZ vkSj le; ds vuqlkj
izHkko'kkyh <ax ls mldh ekSf[kd vkSj fyf[kr vfHkO;fDr dj ldukA
fofHkUu Kkukuq'kkluksa ds foe'kZ dh Hkk"kk ds :i esa fganh dh fof'k"V izd`fr ,oa {kerk dk cks/k djkukA
lkfgR; dh izHkko'kkyh {kerk dk mi;ksx djrs gq,] lHkh izdkj dh fofo/krkvksa ¼/keZ] tkfr] fyax] oxZ]
Hkk"kk vkfn½ ,oa varjksa ds izfr ldkjkRed vkSj laosnu'khy joS;s dk fodkl djkukA
ns'k&fons'k esa izpfyr fganh ds :iksa ls ifjfpr djkukA
lapkj&ek/;eksa ¼fizaV vkSj bysDVªkWfud½ esa iz;qDr fganh dh izd`fr ls voxr djkuk vkSj uohu fof/k;ksa ds
iz;ksx dh {kerk dk fodkl djukA
lkfgR; dh O;kid /kkjk ds chp j[kdj fof'k"V jpukvksa dk fo'ys"k.k vkSj foospu djus dh {kerk gkfly
djukA
foijhr ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa Hkh Hkk"kk dk bLrseky 'kkafr ds lkFk djukA
vewrZ fo"k;ksa ij iz;qDr Hkk"kk dk fodkl vkSj dYiuk'khyrk vkSj ekSfyd fparu ds fy, iz;ksx
djukA
f'k{k.k & ;qfDr;k¡%
bu d{kkvksa esa mfpr okrkoj.k&fuekZ.k esa v/;kidksa dh Hkwfedk lnSo lgk;d dh gksuh pkfg,A mudks Hkk"kk vkSj
lkfgR; dh i<+kbZ esa bl ckr ij /;ku nsus dh t:jr gksxh fd &
d{kk dk okrkoj.k laoknkRed gks rkfd v/;kid] fo|kFkhZ vkSj iqLrd rhuksa ds chp ,d fj'rk cu
ldssa A
61
xyr ls lgh dh vksj igq¡pus dk iz;kl gksA ;kuh cPpksa dks Lora=k :i ls cksyus] fy[kus vkSj i<+us fn;k
tk, vkSj fQj muls gksus okyh Hkwyksa dh igpku djk dj v/;kid viuh i<+kus dh 'kSyh esa ifjorZu djsaA
,sls f'k{k.k&fcanqvksa dh igpku dh tk,] ftlls d{kk es fo|kFkhZ dh lfdz; Hkkxhnkjh jgs vkSj v/;kid
Hkh mudk lkFkh cuk jgsA
'kkjhfjd ck/kzkxzLr fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds fy, mi;qDr f'k{k.k&lkexzh dk bLrseky fd;k tk, rFkk fdlh Hkh izdkj
ls mUgsa vU; fo|kfFkZ;ksa ls derj ;k vyx u le>k tk,A
fofHkUu fo/kkvksa ls lacaf/kr :fpdj vkSj egRoiw.kZ 10 vU; iqLrdsa & ftudk ftØ ikB~;iqLrd ds var
esa fd;k tk,xk&Lo;a i<+us ds fy, mUgsa izsfjr fd;k tk,A
d{kk esa v/;kid dks gj izdkj dh fofHkUurkvksa ¼fyax] /keZ] tkfr] oxZ vkfn½ ds izfr ldkjkRed vkSj
laosnu'khy okrkoj.k fufeZr djuk pkfg,A
l`tukRedrk ds vH;kl ds fy, fo|kFkhZ ls lky esa de ls de nks jpuk,a fy[kokbZ tk,aA
62
fganh ¼,sfPNd½
dksM la- 002
d{kk & 11
¼10 + 5½
¼d½
vifBr cks/k ¼x|ka'k vkSj dkO;ka'k&cks/k½
¼[k½
jpukRed rFkk O;kogkfjd ys[ku
25
¼x½
varjk Hkkx&1 % ¼dkO; Hkkx ½
20
% ¼x|&Hkkx½
¼?k½
15
15
varjky] Hkkx & I
15
ekSf[kd
10
d
vifBr cks/k % ¼x|ka'k vkSj dkO;ka'k&cks/k½
20
1-
x|ka'k ij vk/kkfjr cks/k] iz;ksx] jpkukarj.k] 'kh"kZd vkfn ij y?kwÙkjkRed iz'u&
15
2-
dkO;ka'k ij vk/kkfjr ik¡p y?kwÙkjkRed iz'u &
05
[k
jpukRed rFkk O;kogkfjd ys[ku%
25
vfHkO;fDr vkSj ek/;e ds vk/kkj ij l`tukRed ys[ku ls lacaf/kr nks iz'u %
3-
fuca/k &
10
4-
dk;kZy;h i=k&
05
5-
O;kogkfjd ys[ku ¼izfrosnu] dk;Zlwph] dk;Zo`Ùk bR;kfn½ ij nks iz'u
x
varjk & Hkkx & 1
(5+5)
10
(20+15)
35
dkO; & Hkkx%
20
6-
lizlax O;k[;k ¼nks esa ls ,d½ &
08
7-
dforkvksa ds dF; ij nks iz'u &
(3+3)
06
8-
dkO;&lkSan;Z ij nks iz'u &
(3+3)
06
63
9-
x|&Hkkx %
15
lizlax O;k[;k ¼nks esa ls ,d½&
04
10- ikBksa dh fo"k; oLrq ij vk/kkfjr rhu esa ls nks iz'u &
(3+3)
06
11- fdlh ,d ys[kd@dfo dk lkfgfR;d ifjp;&
05
varjky % Hkkx 1
15
12- fo"k;oLrq ij vk/kkfjr ¼rhu esa ls nks iz'u½ &
(4+4)
08
13- fof/k fo/kkvksa ij vk/kkfjr nks cks/kkRed iz'u &
(4+3)
07
5+5
10
¼?k½ ekSf[kd ijh{k.k % ¼,sfPNd½ &
Jo.k ¼lquuk½ % of.kZr ;k ifBr lkexzh dks lqudj vFkZxzg.k djuk] okrkZyki djuk] okn&fookn] Hkk"k.k]
dforkikB vkfn dks lqudj le>uk] ewY;kadu djuk vkSj vfHkO;fDr ds <ax dks le>ukA
cksyuk % Hkk"k.k] lLoj dfork&ikB] okrkZyki vkSj mldh vkSipkfjdrk] dk;ZØe&izLrqfr] dFkk&dgkuh vFkok
?kVuk lqukuk] ifjp; nsuk] Hkkokuqdwy laokn&okpuA
okrkZyki dh n{krk¡ %
fVIi.kkh % okrkZyki dh n{krkvksa dk ewY;kadu fuajrjrk ds vk/kkj ij ijh{kk ds le; gh gksxkA fu/kkZfjr
10 vadksa esa ls 5 Jo.k ¼lquuk½ ds ewY;akdu ds fy, vkSj 5 ¼cksyuk½ ds ewY;akdu ds fy, gksaxsA
Jo.k ¼lquuk½ dk ewY;kadu %
ijh{kd fdlh izklafxd fo"k; ij ,d vuqPNsn dk Li"V okpu djsxkA vuqPNsn rF;kRed ;k lq>kokRed gks ldrk
gSA vuqPNsn yxHkx 250 'kCnksa dks gksuk pkfg,A v/;kid dks lqurs&lqurs ijh{kkFkhZ@ijh{kd vyx dkxt+ ij fn, gq,
Jo.k cks/k ds vH;klksa dks gy dj ldsaxsA
vH;kl fjDrLFkku&iwfrZ] cgqfodYih vFkok lR;@vlR; dk pquko vkfn fo/kkvksa esa gks ldrs gSaA izR;sd vk/ks vad
ds fy, 1&1 ijh{k.k iz'u gksxkA
ekSf[kd vfHkO;fDr ¼cksyuk½ dk ewY;kadu %
1-
fp=kksa ds Øe ij vk/kkfjr o.kZu% bl Hkkx esa vis{kk dh tk,xh fd fo|kFkhZ fooj.kkRed Hkk"kk dk iz;ksx djsAa
2-
fdlh fp=k dk o.kZu % fp=k yksxksa ;k LFkkuksa ds gks ldrs gSaA
3-
fdlh fu/kkZfjr fo"k; ij cksyuk % ftlls fo|kFkhZ vius O;fDrxr vuqHko dk izR;kLej.k dj ldsaA
4-
dksbZ dgkuh lqukuk ;k fdlh ?kVuk dk o.kZu djukA
64
fVIi.kh %
ijh{k.k ls iwoZ ijh{kkFkhZ dks dqN rS;kjh ds fy, fn;k tk,A
fooj.kkRed Hkk"kk esa orZeku dky dk iz;ksx visf{kr gSA
fu/kkZfjr fo"k; ijh{kkFkhZ ds vuqHko&txr ds gksaA tSls %
dksbZ pqVdyk ;k gkL; izlax lqukukA
gky esa i<+h iqLrd ;k ns[ks gq, pyfp=k ¼flusek½ dh dgkuh lqukukA
tc ijh{kkFkhZ cksyuk vkjaHk dj ns rks ijh{kd de ls de gLr{ksi djsA
dkS'kyksa ds varj.k dk ewY;akdu
Jo.k ¼lquuk½
okpu ¼cksyuk½
fo|kFkhZ esa &
1-
3-
fo|kFkhZ
ifjfpr lanHkksZ esa iz;qDr 'kCnksa vkSj inksa
1-
le>us dh lkekU; ;ksX;rk gSA fdUrq og
dh ;ksX;rk iznf'kZr djrk gS] fdUrq ,d
lqlacn~?k vk'k; dks ugha le> ikrkA
lqlacn~/k Lrj ij ugha cksy ldrkA
ifjfpr lanHkksZ esa ls NksVs lacn~/k dFkuksa dks
3-
le>us dh ;ksX;rk gSA
5-
dsoy vyx&vyx 'kCnksa vkSj inksa ds iz;ksx
ifjfpr lanHkksZa esa dsoy NksVs lacn~/k dFkuksa
dk lhfer 'kq)rk ls iz;ksx djrk gSA
ifjfpr ;k vifjfpr nksuksa lanHkksZas esa dfFkr
5-
dks Li"V lwpuk le>us dh ;ksX;rk gSA
vis{kkd`r nh?kZ Hkk"k.k esa vf/kd tfVy
dFkuksa ds iz;ksx dh ;ksX;rk iznf'kZr djrk
gS] vHkh Hkh dqN v'kqf);ka djrk gS ftlls
izs"k.k esa :dkoV vkrh gSA
7-
nh?kZ dFkuksa dh J`a[kyk dks i;kZIr 'kq)rk ls le>us
7-
vkSj fu"d"kZ fudkyus dh ;ksX;rk gSA
vifjfpr fLFkfr;ksa esa fopkjksa dks rkfdZd
<ax ls laxfBr dj /kkjk&izokg :i esa izLrqr
djrk gSA og ,slh xyfr;k¡ djrk gS] ftuls
izs"k.k esa :dkoV ugha vkrhA
9-
tfVy dFkuksa ds fopkj&fcanqvksa dks le>us dh
9-
mís'; vkSj Jksrk ds fy, mi;qDr 'kSyh dks
;ksX;rk iznf'kZr djus dh {kerk gSA og mís';
viuk ldrk gS] ,slk djrs le; og dsoy
ds vuqdwy lquus dh dq'kyrk iznf'kZr djrk gSA
ekewyh xyfr;ka djrk gSA
fu/kkZfjr iqLrdsa %
(i)
varjk Hkkx&1 ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh] }kjk izdkf'kr
(ii)
varjky Hkkx&1 ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh- }kjk izdkf'kr
(iii) vfHkO;fDr vkSj ek/;e & ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh- }kjk izdkf'kr
65
fganh ¼,sfPNd½ dksM la- 002
d{kk & 12
vad
12+8
20
¼d½
vifBr cks/k ¼x|ka'k vkSj dkO;ka'k&cks/k½
¼[k½
jpukRed rFkk O;kogkfjd ys[ku
25
¼x½
¼?k½
varjk ¼Hkkx&2½
dkO; & Hkkx
20
x| & Hkkx
20
varjky ¼Hkkx&2½
40
d½
vifBr cks/k % ¼x|ka'k vkSj dkO;ka'k cks/k½
20
1-
x|ka'k cks/k% x|ka'k ij vk/kkfjr oks/k] iz;ksx] LFkkukarj.k rFkk 'kh"kZd vkfn ij y?kwÙkjkRed iz'u
10
2-
dkO;ka'k cks/k % dkO;ka'k ij vk?kkfjr ik¡p y?kwÙkjkRed iz'u
10
¼[k½ jpukRed rFkk O;kogkfjd ys[ku %
25
3-
fuca/k ¼fodYi½
10
4-
dk;kZy;h i=k
05
5-
^vfHkO;fDr vkSj ek/;e* ds vk/kkj ij O;kogkfjd ys[ku ij ik¡p y?kwÙkjkRed iz'u
6-
jpukRed ys[ku ij ,d iz'u
(1+5)
05
¼x½ varjk Hkkx & 2 (20+20 vad )
40
dkO;&Hkkx%
6-
(i)
dkO;ka'k dh lizlax O;k[;k ¼nks esa ls ,d½
7-
(ii)
dfork ds dF; ij nks iz'u
8-
(iii) dforkvksa ds dkO;&lkSan;Z ij nks iz'u
9-
05
20
8
(3+3)
6
(3+3)
6
x|&Hkkx%
20
(i)
08
lizlax O;k[;k ¼nks esa ls ,d½
10- (ii) ikBksa dh fo"k; oLrq ij rhu esa ls nks iz'u
(3+3)
66
06
11- (iii) fdlh ,d dfo@ys[kd dk lkfgfR;d ifjp;
06
¼?k½ iwjd iqLrd % varjky ¼Hkkx&2½
13- (i)
15
fo"k; oLrq ij vk/kkfjr ¼pkj esa ls rhu y?kwÙkjkRed iz'u½
14- (ii) fo"k; oLrq ij vk/kkfjr ,d fuca/kkRed iz'u
fu/kkZfjr iqLrdsa %
(i)
varjk Hkkx&2 ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh- }kjk izdkf'kr
(ii)
varjky Hkkx&2 ¼fofo/k fo/kkvksa dk ladyu½ ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh- }kjk izdkf'kr
(iii) vfHkO;fDr vkSj ek/;e ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh- }kjk izdkf'kr
67
09
06
6- xf.kr (dksM ua- 041)
xf.kr ds ikB~;Øe esa le;&le; ij fo"k; ds fodkl rFkk lekt dh mHkjrh vko';drkvksa ds vuqlkj
ifjorZu gq, gSaA mPprj ekè;fed Lrj (Stage) og lh<+h gS ftl ij p<+dj fo|kFkhZ ;k rks xf.kr dh mPp
f'k{kk dh vksj tkrs gSa ;k O;kolkf;d dksflZl (Courses) tSls bathuh;fjax] HkkSfrd] 'kkL=k] tho foKku okf.kT;
vFkok dEI;wVj vuqiz;ksx dh vksj tkrs gSaA orZeku la'kksfèkr (Revised) ikB~;Øe jk"Vªh; ikB~;pZ;k :ijs[kk
(NCF) &2005 ds vkèkkj ij rFkk xf.kr f'k{k.k ij cus Qksdl lewg (Focus Group) ds funsZ'kkuqlkj cuk;k
x;k gS ftlls ;g visf{kr gS fd ;g izR;sd Js.kh ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh vko';drkvksa dks iw.kZ djsxkA nSfud
thou dh ?kVukvksa ls izsfjr gksdj rFkk vU; fo"k;ksa dh vko';drkvksa ls izsj.kk ysdj fo"k; lkexzh rS;kj
dh xbZ gS ftlesa ladYiukvksa (Concepts) ds vuqiz;ksx ij fo'ks"k è;ku fn;k x;k gSA
mís';
mPprj ekè;fed Lrj ij xf.kr f'k{k.k ds eq[; mís'; fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks fuEu ;ksX;rkvksa@dkS'kyksa dks
izkIr djus esa lgk;d gSa
¼fo'ks"kr;k½ izsj.kk rFkk iw.kZ ekufld fp=k.k djds xf.kr dh ewy ladYiukvksa] inksa] fu;eksa] ladsrksa
(Symbols) dk Kku rFkk fu.kkZ;d le> izkIr djuk rFkk blesa fufgr rjhdksa rFkk dkS'kyksa esa iw.kZ
n{krk izkIr djukA
fdlh rF; dh mRifÙk vFkok fdlh iz'u ¼leL;k½ dks gy djus ds vUrxZr rdks± ds izokg dk vuqHko
djukA
izkIr Kku rFkk dkS'kyksa dk iz;ksx] tgk¡ rd gks lds] ,d ls vfèkd rjhds ds iz;ksx ls] iz'uksa dks
gy djus esa djukA
lkspus] fu.kZ; djus] fo'ys"k.k djus rFkk Li"V rdZ djus ds fy, èkukRed vfèko`fÙk
dks fodflr djukA
fo"k; ls lEcfUèkr izfr;ksfxrkvksa esa Hkkx ysdj fo"k; esa fo'ks"k :fp fodflr ¼tkx`r½ djukA
fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks nSfud thou esa iz;qDr xf.kr ds fofHkUu :iksa rFkk igyqvksa dh tkudkjh nsukA
fo|kfFkZ;ksa esa xf.kr dks ,d fo"k; fo'ks"k dh rjg i<+us esa :fp tkx`r djukA
jk"Vªh; ,drk] i;kZoj.k dh j{kk] NksVk ekud ifjokj] lkekftd cqjkb;ksa dks gVkuk] fyax Hksn gVkus
ds fy, fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks tkudkjh nsuk] rFkk fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks buds fy, izsfjr djukA
egku xf.krKksa ds fy, muds xf.kr ds {ks=k esa ;ksxnku ds fy, vknj rFkk lEeku ds Hkko tkx`r
djukA
68
(Positive attilude)
ikB~ ; Øe la j puk
d{kk XI
iz'u i=k
le; % rhu ?kaVs
vfèkdre vad % 100
,dd
va d
29
37
13
06
03
12
I
leqPp; rFkk Qyu
II chtxf.kr
III funsZ'kkad T;kferh
IV dyu
V xf.krh; foospuk
VI lkaf[;dh rFkk izkf;drk
dqy
,dd-I % leqPp; rFkk iQy
100
(12 ihfj;M)
1- leqPp; %
leqPp; rFkk mudk fu:i.k fjDr leqPp;] ifjfer rFkk vifjfer leqPp;A leku leqPp;@mileqPp;A
okLrfod la[;kvksa ds leqPp; ds mileqPp;] fo'ks"kdj vUrjky ds :i esa ¼ladsru lfgr½] vfèkleqPp;]
le"Vh; leqPp;] osu&vkjs[k] leqPp;ksa dk lfEeyuj (Union) rFkk loZfu"V (Intersection) leqPp;ksa dk vUrj]
iw j d leq P p;A
2- iQyu rFkk lEcU/
(14 ihfj;M)
Øfer ;qXe] leqPp;ksa dk dkrhZ;xq.ku] nks ifjfer leqPp;ksa ds dkrhZ; xq.ku esa vo;oksa dh la[;kA okLrfod
la[;kvksa dk vius ls dkrhZ;xq.ku (R×R×R rd) lEcUèk dh ifjHkk"kk] fp=kh; vkjs[k (Pictorial diagrams), lEcUèk
dk izkra lgizkra rFkk ijklA ,d leqPp; ls nwljs leqPp; ij Qyu ,d fo'ks"k izdkj dk lEcUèk@,d Qyu
dk fp=kh; fu#i.k] ,d Qyu dk izkra ] lgizkra rFkk ijkl@okLrfod pjksa ds okLrfod eku Qyu bu Qyuksa
dk izkra rFkk ijkl vpj] rRled] cgqin] ifjes;h] ekikad] fpUg rFkk egÙke iw.kk±d Qyu rFkk muds vkys[k
(Graphs), Qyuksa dk ;ksx] vUrj] xq.ku rFkk HkkxQy
3- f=kdks.kferh; iQyu % /ukRed dks.k rFkk Í.kkRed dks.k
(18 ihfj;M)
dks.kksa dh jsfM;u rFkk fMxjh esa eki rFkk mudk ,d ekiu ls nwljs esa :ikUrj.k] bdkbZ o`Ùk (Unit
circle) dh lgk;rk ls f=kdks.kferh; Qyuksa dh ifjHkk"kkA lHkh ds ekuksa ds fy, rRled sin2x+cos2x=1 dk
lR;kiuA f=kdks.kferh; Qyuksa ds fpUg rFkk muds vkys[k dk fp=k.kA Sin (x+y) rFkk Cos (x+y) ds Sinx,
Siny, Cos x rFkk Cos y ds :i esa vfHkO;fDrA fuEu izdkj ds rRledksa dk fuxeu djuk %
tan ( x ± y ) =
tanx ± tan y
cot x cot y ± I
, cot + ( x ± y ) =
I ± tan x tan y
cot y ± cot x
x+ y
x– y
x+ y
x– y
, cos
, cos x + cos y = 2 cos
, cos
2
2
2
2
x+ y
x– y
x+ y
x– y
sin x – sin y = 2 cos
,sin
, cos x – cos y = 2Sin
,sin
2
2
2
2
sin x + sin y = 2sin
69
Sin2x, Cos2x, Tan2x, Sin3x, Cos3x rFkk Tan3x ls
lEcfUèkr rRled
Sinθ=Sin, Cosθ=Cos rFkk Tanθ=Tan
izdkj ds f=kdks.kferh; lehdj.kksa ds lkekU; gy
,dd&2 % chtxf.kr
1-
xf.krh; vkxeu dk fl)kUr
(Principle of Mathematical Inducation)
vkxeu }kjk mRifÙk ds izØe (Processes) A bl rjhds ds vuqi;z ksx dh izjs .kk izkÑr la[;kvksa dks okLrfod
la[;kvksa ds U;wure vkxefud (Least inductive) mileqPp; ds :i esa ns[kus ls ysuk xf.krh; vkxeu dk fl)kUr
¼fu;e½ rFkk mlds lkekU; vuqi;z ksxA
2-
¼10 ihfj;M½
lfEeJ la[;k,a rFkk f}?kkr lehdj.k
lfEeJ la[;kvksa dh vko';drk] fo'ks"kr;k –1 ds ykus dh izjs .kk lHkh f}?kkr lehdj.kksa dk gy u dj
ikus dh v;ksX;rk ijA lfEeJ la[;kvksa ds chth; xq.kèkeks± dk laf{kIr fooj.kA vkjxaM (Argand) ry rFkk lfEeJ
la[;kvksa dk èkzoq h; fu#i.kA chtxf.kr ds ewy ize;s dk dFkuA lfEeJ la[;kvksa dh i)fr ¼fudk;½ esa f}?kkr
lehdj.kksa ds gyA
3-
¼10 ihfj;M½
jSf[kd vlfedk,a
jSf[kd vlfedk,aA ,d pj esa jSf[kd vlfedkvksa dk chth; gy rFkk mudk la[;k js[kk ij fu#i.kA nks
pjksa esa jSf[kd vlfedkvksa dk vkys[kh; gyA nks pjksa esa jSf[kd vlfedk fudk; dk vkys[kh; gyA
4-
x.kuk dk vkèkkjHkwr fl)kUr@QSDVksfj;y
mudk lEcUèk@lkèkkj.k vuqi;z ksxA
5-
¼12 ihfj;M½
Øep; rFkk lap;
(Factorial), Øep;
rFkk lap; lw=kksa
(Formulae) dh
O;qRifÙk rFkk
¼8 ihfj;M½
f}in izes;
,sfrgkfld o.kZuA f}in ize;s dk èku iw.kkZdh; ?kkrkadksa ds fy, dFku rFkk miifÙk@ikLdy dh f=kHkqt (Pascal's
Triangle)@f}in ize;
s ds izlkj esa O;kid in rFkk eè;inA ljy vuqi;z ksx
6-
¼10 ihfj;M½
vuqØe rFkk Js.kh
vuqØe rFkk Js.kh] lekUrj Js<+h (A.P.), lekUrj ekè; (A.M.), xq.kksÙkj Js<+h (G.P.), ,d xq.kksÙkj Js<+h dk
O;kid in] xq.kksÙkj Js.kh ds n inksa dk ;ksx] xq.kksÙkj ekè; (G.M.)A A.M. rFkk G.M. ds chp lEcUèkA fo'ks"k
rFkk
) ds n inksa dk ;ksx
vuqØeksa (
,dd-III % funs'Z kkad T;kfefr
1-
¼9 ihfj;M½
ljy js[kk
fiNyh d{kkvksa ls f}vk;keh ldYiukvksa (2 D) dk nksgjkukA ,d js[kk dh <ky rFkk nks js[kkvksa
ds chp dk dks.kA js[kk ds lehdj.k ds fofoèk :i % v{kksa ds lekUrj] fcUnq&<ky :i] <ky&vUr% [kaM
:i nks fcUnq :i] vUr%[kaM :i rFkk yEc:iA ,d js[kk dk O;kid lehdj.kA ,d fcUnq dh ,d js[kk
ls nw j hA
70
PNs n
2- 'kadq ifj
ifjPNs
¼ 12 ihfj;M½
'kadq ifjPNsn % o`Ùk] nh?kZoÙ` k] ijoy;] vfrijoy;A ,d fcUnq rFkk js[kk] 'kadq ifjPNsn dk viHkz"V (Degenerated)
:iA ijoy;] nh?kZoÙ` k rFkk vfrijoy; ds ekud lehdj.k rFkk muds lkekU; xq.kèkeZ ,d o`Ùk dk ekud lehdj.kA
¼ 8 ihfj;M½
3- f=kfoeh; T;ksfefr dk ifjp;
f=kfoeh; varfj{k esa funs±'kka{k rFkk funs±'kkad ry] ,d fcUnq ds funs±'kkad] nks fcUnqvksa ds chp nwjh rFkk [k.M&lw=kA
,dd&IV % dyu
1-
¼ 18 ihfj;M½
lhek rFkk vodyt
vodyu dks nwjh ds Qyu ds ifjorZu dh nj ds :i esa ifjHkkf"kr djuk rFkk mldh T;kferh; O;k[;kA
lhek dk lgtkuqHkwr cksèk (Intuitive Idea) vodyt dh ifjHkk"kk rFkk bldk lEcUèk Li'kZ js[kk dh <ky ls djukA
Qyuksa ds ;ksx vUrj] xq.ku rFkk Hkkx }kjk cus Qyuksa dk vodyu djukA cgqin Qyuksa rFkk f=kdks.kferh; Qyuksa
dk vodyt Kkr djukA
,dd&V % xf.krh; foospuk
(8 ihfj;M)
xf.krh;
xf.kr esa ekU; dFku] la;kstd 'kCnA okD;ka'k ^;fn vkSj dsoy ;fn ¼vko';d rFkk i;kZIr½ izfrcèk* ^vUrZHkko
(Implies) ^vkSj*] ^;k*] ^ls vUrZfufgr gS (Implied by), ^vkSj* ^;k* ^,d ,sls dk vfLrRo gS* dh le> dks iDdk
djuk rFkk mudk nSfud thou rFkk xf.kr ls fy, mnkgj.kksa }kjk rFkk buesa iz;ksx la;kstd 'kCnksa lfgr dFkuksa
dh oS|rk dks lR;kfir djuk fojksèk (Contradiction), foykse (Converse) rFkk izfrèkkukRed (Contrapositive)
ds chp vUrjA
,dd&VI % laf[;dh rFkk izkf;drk
1-
lka f [;dh
¼ 10 ihfj;M½
izdhZ.ku ds eki] oxhZÑr rFkk voxhZÑr vk¡dM+kas ds fy, ekè; fopyu] izlj.k rFkk ekud fopyuA mu
ckjackjrk caVuksa dk fo'ys"k.k ftudk ekè; leku gks ysfdu izlj.k vyx&vyx gksa
2-
iz k f;drk
¼ 10 ihfj;M½
;kn`fPNd ijh{k.k] ifj.kke] izfrnZ'k lef"V ¼leqPp; :i es½a ?kVuk,a] ?kVukvksa dk ?kfVr gksuk] ^^?kfVr u
gksukA not rFkk (and) ^vkSj* ^;k* fu%'ks"k ?kVuk,a] ijLij viothZ ?kVuk,aA izkf;drk dh vfHkx`ghrh; n`f"Vdks.k
¼leqPp; mixeu½A fiNyh d{kk ds izkf;drk fl)kUrksa ls lEcUèkA ,d ?kVuk dh izkf;drkA ^u ?kVus*] ^A rFkk
B* rFkk ^A ;k B* dh izkf;drkA
izLrkfor ikB~; iqLrdsa
1- xf.kr] ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh- }kjk izdkf'kr
71
ikB~;Øe&lajpuk
d{kk XII
iz'u&i=k
I.
rhu ?kaVs
vf/kdre vad % 100
,dd
lEcUèk rFkk Qyu
II.
va d
10
cht xf.kr
13
III.
dyu
44
IV.
lfn'k rFkk f=k&foeh; T;kfefr
17
V.
VI.
6
jSf[kd izkxs kz eu
10
izkf;drk
dqy 100
,dd&I % lEcUèk rFkk iQyu
1-
lEcUèk rFkk Qyu
¼10 ihfj;M½
lEcUèkksa ds izdkj % LorqY;] lefer] laØked rFkk rqY;rk lEcUèk] ,dSdh rFkk vkPNknd Qyu] la;Dq r Qyu]
,d Qyu dk O;qRØe] f}vkèkkjh lafØ;k,A
2-
iz f ryks e f=kdks . kferh; Qyu
¼ 12 ihfj;M½
ifjHkk"kk] ifjlj] izkar] eq[; eku 'kk[kk,aA izfrykse f=dks.kferh; Qyuksa ds vkys[kA izfrykse
f=kdks.kferh; Qyuksa ds izkjfEHkd xq.kèkeZA
,dd-II % chtxf.kr
1-
vkO;wg
¼ 18 ihfj;M½
ladYiuk] ladrs u (Notation), Øe] lekurk] vkO;wgksa ds izdkj] 'kwU; vkO;wg] ,d vkO;wg dk ifjoZr]
lefer rFkk fo"ke&lefer vkO;wgA vkO;wgksa dk ;ksx] xq.ku rFkk vfn'k xq.kuA ;ksx] xq.ku rFkk vfn'k
xq.ku ds ljy xq.kèkeZA vkO;wgksa ds xq.ku dh vØefofues;rk (Non-commutativity) rFkk v'kwU; vkO;wgksa
dk vfLrRo ftudk xq.ku ,d 'kwU; vkO;wg gS ¼Øe 2 ds oxZ vkO;wgksa rd lhfer½] izkjafHkd iafDr rFkk
LraHk lafØ;kvksa dh ladYiuk O;qrØe.kh; vkO;wg rFkk O;qrØe dh vf}rh;rk] ;fn mldk vfLrRo gS
[;gk¡ lHkh vkO;wgksa ds vo;o okLrfod la[;k,a gSa]
2-
lkjf.kd
¼ 20 ihfj;M½
,d oxZ vkO;wg dk lkjf.kd ¼3×3 ds oxZ vkO;wg rd½] lkjf.kdksa ds xq.kèkeZ] milkjf.kd (Minor)
rFkk lg[k.M (Co-factor)@lkjf.kdksa dk vuqiz;ksx f=kHkqt dk {ks=kQy Kkr djus esaA lg[kaMt vkO;wg
rFkkA vkO;wg dk O;qRØeA laxr rFkk vlaxr] rFkk mnkgj.kksa }kjk jSf[kd lehdj.k fudk; ds gyksa
dh la[;k Kkr djukA nks vFkok rhu pjksa esa jSf[kd lehdj.k fudk; dks ¼ftudk vf}rh; gy gks½
dks izfrykse ¼O;qrØe½ dk iz;ksx dj gy djukA
72
,dd-III % dyu
1-
lrrrk rFkk vodyuh;rk
¼18 ihfj;M½
lrrrk rFkk vodyuh;rkA la;Dq r Qyuksa dk vodyu( J`[a kyk fu;e] izfrykse f=kdks.kferh; Qyuksa dk
vodyu] vLi"V (Implicit) Qyuksa dk vodyu pj?kkarkdh rFkk y?kqx.kdh; Qyuksa dh ladYiuk rFkk mudk vodyu]
y?kqx.kdh; vodyu( izkpy :i esa O;Dr Qyuksa dk vodyu] f}rh; Øe ds vodyu] jksys rFkk ykxjkat ds
eè;eku ize;s ¼fcuk miifÙk ds½ rFkk mudh T;kferh; O;k[;kA
2-
vodytksa ds vuqiz;ksx
¼10 ihfj;M½
vodytksa ds vuqi;z ksx % ifjorZu dh nj] oèkZeku@Ðkleku Qyu] vfHkyac rFkk Li'kZ js[kk,a] lfUudVu] mPpre
rFkk fuEure ¼izFke vodyu ijh{k.k dh T;kferh; izjs .kk rFkk f}rh; vodyu ijh{k.k&miifÙk yk;d vkSt+kj½]
ljy iz'u ¼tks fo"k; ds ewyHkwr fl)kUrksa dh le> n'kkZrs gSa rFkk okLrfod thou ls lEcfUèkr gks½a
3-
lekdyu
¼20 ihfj;M½
lekdyu dks vodyu ds O;qRØe izØe ds :i esAa dbZ izdkj ds Qyuksa dk lekdyu&izfrLFkkiuk }kjk] vkaf'kd
fHkUuksa }kjk] [kaM'k% }kjk] dsoy fuEu izdkj ds ljy lekdyksa dk eku Kku djuk %
;ksxQy dh lhek ds :i esa fuf'pr lekdyu] dyu dk vkèkkjHkwr ize;s ¼fcuk miifÙk ds½] fuf'pr lekdyksa
ds ewy xq.kèkeZ] fuf'pr lekdyksa dk eku Kkr djukA
4-
¼10 ihfj;M½
lekdyuksa ds vuqiz;ksx
vuqi;z ksx % lkèkkj.k oØksa ds vUrxZr {ks=kQy Kkr djuk] fo'ks"kr;k js[kk,a o`Ùk@ijoy;ks@a nh?kZoÙ` kksa ¼tks dsoy
ekud :i esa gS½a dk {ks=kQy] mijksDr nks oØksa ds eè;orhZ {ks=k dk {ks=kQy ¼,slk {ks=k tks Li"V :i ls igpku
esa vk lds½
5-
¼10 ihfj;M½
vody lehdj.k
ifjHkk"kk] dksfV ,oa ?kkr] vody lehdj.k dk O;kid ,oa fof'k"V gy fn, gq, O;kid gy okys vody
lehdj.k dk fuekZ.k] i`FkDdj.kh; pj ds rjhds }kjk vody lehdj.kksa dk gy] izFke dksfV ,oa izFke ?kkr okys
le?kkrh; vody lehdj.kksa dk gyA fuEu izdkj ds jSf[kd vody lehdj.kksa dk gy
73
,dd&IV % lfn'k rFkk f=k&foeh; T;kfefr
(12 ihfj;M)
(i)
lfn'k % lfn'k rFkk vfn'k] ,d lfn'k dk ifjek.k rFkk fn'kk] lafn'kksa ds fnddkslkbZu@vuqikr] lfn'kksa ds
izdkj ¼leku] ek=kd] 'kwU;] lekUrj rFkk laj[s k lfn'k½ fdlh fcUnq dk fLFkfrlfn'k] _.kkRed lfn'k] ,d
lfn'k ds ?kVd] lfn'kksa dk ;ksxQy] ,d lfn'k dk vfn'k ls xq.ku] nks fcUnqvksa dks feykus okys js[kk[kaM dks
fdlh vuqikr esa ckaVusa okys fcUnq dk fLFkfr lfn'k] nks lfn'kksa rFkk xq.kuQy vfn'k ,d vfn'k dk ,d
js[kk ij iz{ksi] nks lfn'kksa dk lfn'k xq.kuQyA
(ii)
f=k&foeh; T;kfefr % nks fcUnqvksa dks feykus okyh js[kk ds fnd~ dkslkbu@vuqikrA ,d js[kk dk dkrhZ; rFkk
lfn'k lehdj.k] leryh; rFkk fo"ke ryh; js[kk,a] nks fo"ke ryh; js[kkvksa ds chp dh nwjhA ,d ry ds
dkrhZ; rFkk lfn'k lehdj.k (i) nks js[kkvksa (ii) nks ryksa (iii) ,d js[kk rFkk ,d ry ds chp dk dks.kA ,d
fcUnq dh ,d ry ls nwjh
,dd&V % jSf[kd izksxzkeu
(12 ihfj;M)
jSf[kd izksxzkeu % Hkwfedk] lEcfUèkr inksa tSls O;ojksèk] mís'; Qyu] b"Vre gy] jSf[kd izkxs kz e leL;kvksa
ds fofHkUu izdkj] jSf[kd izkxs kz eu (LP) leL;kvksa dk xf.krh; lw=k.k] nks pjksa esa nh xbZ leL;kvksa dk vkys[kh;
gy] lqlxa r rFkk vlqlxa r {ks=k] lqllaxr rFkk vlqlxa r gy] b"Vre lqlxa r gy ¼rhu vrqPN O;ojksèkksa rd½
,dd&VI % izkf;drk
(18 ihfj;M)
izkf;drk % izkf;drk dk xq.ku fu;e] lizfrcaèk izkf;drk] Lora=k ?kVuk,a] dqy izkf;drk] cst ize;s ] ;kn`fPNd
pj vkSj mldk izkf;drk caVu] ;kn`PN pj dk ekè; rFkk izlj.k] cjukSyh ijh{k.k rFkk f}in cVauA
izLrkfor ikB~; iqLrdsa
1- xf.kr Hkkx & I ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh- }kjk izdkf'kr
2- xf.kr Hkkx & II ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh- }kjk izdkf'kr
74
7- HkkSfrdh (dksM la[;k 042)
Ldwy f'k{kk dk lhfu;j lsd.Mjh pj.k og pj.k gS ftlds vUrxZr ikB~;p;kZ dk dsUnzfcUnq lkekU; f'k{kk ls fo"k;
vkèkkfjr ikB~;p;kZ ij laØfer gks tkrk gSA izLrqr vkèkqfud ikB~;Øe esa fo"k;kRed mixeu dh xgjkbZ ,oa dBksjrk
ds lkFk&lkFk fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds cksèk ds O;kid Lrj dks n`f"Vxr j[kk x;k gSA bl rF; ds ckjs esa Hkh fo'ks"k lkoèkkuh cjrh
xbZ gS fd ikB~;Øe cksf>y Hkh u gks vkSj lkFk gh vUrjkZ"Vªh; ekudks dh n`f"V ls rqyukRed Hkh gksA bl ikB~;Øe
esa lfEefyr izeq[k fo'ks"krk,a bl izdkj gSa %
fo"k; oLrq dh vkèkkjHkwr izR;kRed le> ¼foosd½ dks egRo nsukA
vUrjkZ"Vªh; ekudksa ds vuqlkj HkkSfrd jkf'k;ksa dh ikfjHkkf"kd 'kCnkoyh] lw=khdj.k
ds mi;ksx dks egRo nsukA
fo"k;oLrq dh fofHkUu bdkb;ksa dks rkfdZd Øe iznku djds csgrj le> ds fy, ladYiukvksa dk mfpr la;kstu
,oa LFkkiu djukA
fo"k; ds gh Hkhrj rFkk vU; fo"k;ksa dh fo"k; oLrqvks@a ladYiukvksa ds ijLijO;kihdj.k dk cfg"dkj djds
ikB~;p;kZ ds cks> dks de djukA
izdk;kZRed dkS'kyks]a leL;k&lekèkku dh ;ksX;rkvksa rFkk HkkSfrdh dh ladYiukvksa ds vuqi;z ksxksa dks izkRs lkfgr
djukA
SI
ek=kdksa rFkk izrhdksa
ikB~;Øe ds vfrfjDr ;g Hkh iz;kl fd;k x;k gS fd
lsd.Mjh Lrj ij fodflr ladYiukvksa dks lqg<+ cukdj fo"k; dh csgrj le> ds fy, n`<+ vkèkkj iznku
djukA
vkS|ksfxd rFkk izk|
s kSfxdh; vuqi;z ksxksa ls lacfa èkr HkkSfrdh esa mi;ksx gksus okyh fofHkUu izfØ;kvksa ls Nk=kksa
dks mn~Hkkflr djukA
Nk=kksa esa izdk;kZRed dkS'kyksa dks fodflr djus rFkk iz;ksxkRed] iz{s k.kkRed gLrdkS'ky] vUos"k.kkRed ,oa fu.kZ;
ys ldus tSlh dq'kyrkvksa dk fodkl djukA
Nk=kksa esa leL;k lekèkku djus dh ;ksX;rk ,oa l`tukRed lksp dks izkRs lkfgr djukA
Nk=kksa esa ladYiukRed lkeF;Z fodflr djuk rFkk muesa vU; fo"k;ksa ds lkFk HkkSfrdh ds vUrjki`"B dh vuqHkwfr
,oa jlkLoknu djkukA
75
ikB~;Øe lajpuk
d{kk XI ¼lS)kfUrd½
le; % 3 ?k.Vs
,d iz'u&i=k
bdkbZ
bdkbZ&I
vfèkdre vad % 70
va d
03
HkkSfrd txr rFkk ekiu
bdkbZ&II
'kq) xfrdh
10
bdkbZ&II
xfr ds fu;e
10
bdkbZ&IV
dk;Z] ÅtkZ rFkk 'kfDr
06
bdkbZ&V
n`<+ fi.M rFkk d.kksa ds fudk; dh xfr
06
bdkbZ&VI
xq#Rokd"kZ.k
05
bdkbZ&VII LFkwy nzO; ds xq.k
10
bdkbZ&VIII Å"ek xfrdh
05
bdkbZ&IX
vkn'kZ xSl dk O;ogkj rFkk xSlksa dk v.kqxfr fl)kUr
05
bdkbZ&X
nksyu rFkk rjaxas
10
dqy ;ksx
bdkbZ&I % HkkSfrd txr rFkk ekiu
70
(10 ihfj;M)
HkkSfrdh dk;Z{ks=k rFkk vUrfuZfgr jksekap( HkkSfrd fu;eksa dh izÑfr] HkkSfrdh( izk|S ksfxdh ,oa lekt( ekiu
dh vko';drk eki ds ek=kd( ek=kd iz.kkfy;ka( S I ek=kd] ewy rFkk O;qRiUu ekud] yEckbZ] nzO;eku rFkk le;
ekiu( ;FkkFkZrk rFkk ekid ;a=kksa dh ifj'kq)rk( eki esa =kqfV( lkFkZd vad HkkSfrd jkf'k;ksa dh foHkk,a( foHkh; fo'ys"k.k
rFkk blds vuqi;z ksxA
bdkbZ&II % 'kq¼ xfrdh
(28 ihfj;M)
funs'Z k Ýse% ljy js[kk esa xfr] fLFkfr&le; xzkQ] pky rFkk osx] ,d leku rFkk vleku xfr( ekè; pky
rFkk rkR{kf.kd osxA ,d leku Rofjr xfr % osx&le;] fLFkfr] le; xzkQ( ,dleku Rofjr xfr ds fy,
lac/a k ¼xzkQh; foospuk½A
xfr ds o.kZu ds fy, vodyu rFkk lekdyu dh vkjfEHkd ladYiuk,a vkfn'k rFkk lfn'k jkf'k;ka % lfn'k
rFkk ladrs u i)fr] fLFkfr rFkk foLFkkiu lfn'k] lfn'k dh lerk% lfn'kksa dk okLrfod la[;kvksa ls xq.ku( lafn'kksa
dk ladyu rFkk O;dyu % vkisf{kd osx
,dkad lfn'k % fdlh ry esa lfn'k dk fo;kstu&ledksf.kd ?kVd % fdlh ry esa xfr % ,dleku osx rFkk
,dleku Roj.k ds izdj.k( iz{ksI; xfr] ,d leku orqy
Z xfrA
bdkbZ&III % xfr ds fu;e
(ihfj;M 16)
cy dh lgtkuqHkwr ladYiuk % tM+Ro] U;wVu dk xfr dk igyk fu;e] laoxs rFkk U;wVu dk xfr dk nwljk fu;e
% vkosx % U;wVu dk xfr dk rhljk fu;e] jSf[kd laoxs laj{k.k fu;e rFkk blds vuqi;z ksxA
76
laxkeh cyksa dk lary
q u( LFkSfrd rFkk xfrt ?k"kZ.k] ?k"kZ.k ds fu;e( yksVfud ?k"kZ.k( ,d leku orZy
q xfr ,dleku
orqy
Z xfr dh xfrdh] vfHkdsUnz cy] orqy
Z xfr ds mnkgj.k ¼lery o`Ùkkdkj lM+dksa ij okgu] <kyw lM+dksa ij
okgu½
bdkbZ&IV % dk;Z] ÅtkZ rFkk 'kfDr
(ihfj;M 16)
lfn'kksa dk vkfn'k xq.kuQy( fu;r cy rFkk ifjorhZ cy }kjk fd;k x;k dk;Z] xfrt ÅtkZ] dk;Z&ÅtkZ ize;s
'kfDrA
fLFkfrt ÅtkZ dh èkkj.kk] dekuh dh fLFkfrt ÅtkZ] laj{kh cy] ;kaf=kd ÅtkZ dk laj{k.k ¼xfrt rFkk fLFkfrt
ÅtkZ,½a % vlaj{kh cy( izR;kLFk rFkk vizR;kLFk la?kVksa dk vkjfEHkd cks/kA
bdkbZ&V % n`<+ fi.M rFkk d.kksa ds fudk; dh xfr
(ihfj;M 18)
f}d.k fudk; dk lagfr dsUnz( laoxs laj{k.k rFkk lagfr dsUnz( n`<+ fi.M dk lagfr dsUnz] ,dleku NM+ dk lagfr
dsUnzA
lafn'kksa dk lfn'k xq.kuQy( cy dk vk?kw.kZ% cy vk?kw.kZ] dks.kh; laosx( dks.kh; laosx laj{k.k dqN mnkgj.kksa
lfgrA
n`<+ fi.Mksa dk larqyu( n`<+ fi.Mksa dh ?kw.khZ xfr rFkk ?kw.khZ xfr ds lehdj.k % jSf[kd rFkk ?kw.khZ xfr;ksa dh
rqyukA
tM+Ro vk?kw.kZ( ifjHkze.k f=kT;k ljy T;kferh; fi.Mksa ds tM+Ro vk?kw.kks± ds eku ¼O;qRifÙk ugha½A lekUrj v{k
rFkk yEcor v{k ize;s ksa ds izDdFku rFkk buds vuqi;z ksxA
bdkbZ&VI % xq#Rokd"kZ.k
(ihfj;M 14)
xzgh; xfr ds dsIyj ds fu;e % xq#Rokd"kZ.k dk lkoZf=kd fu;eA
xq#Roh; Roj.k rFkk ÅapkbZ ,oa xgjkbZ ds lkFk blesa ifjorZuA
xq#Roh; fLFkfrt ÅtkZ] xq#Roh; foHko] iyk;u osx] mixzg dk d{kh; osx] HkwrYq ;dkyh mixzgA
bdkbZ&VII % LFkwy nzO; ds xq.k
(ihfj;M 28)
iz R ;kLFk O;ogkj( iz f rcy&foÑfr la c a è k( gq d dk fu;e% ;a x &xq . kka d ( vk;ru iz R ;kLFkrk xq . kka d ] n` < + r k
ekika d A
rjy&LrEHk ds dkj.k nkc] ikLdy dk fu;e rFkk blds vuqi;z ksx ¼nzopkfyr fy¶V rFkk nzopkfyr czd
s ½ % rjy
nkc ij xq#Ro dk izHkkoA
';kurk] LVksDl dk fu;e] lhekUr osx] jsukYM vad] èkkjkjs[kh rFkk iz{kqCèk izokg] cuwy
Z h&izes ; rFkk blds vuqi;z ksxA
i`"B ÅtkZ rFkk i`"B ruko] lEidZ dks.k] i`"B ruko dh èkkj.kk dk cwanksa] cqycqyksa rFkk dksf'kdk fdz;k esa
vuqiz;ksxA
Å"ek] rki] rkih; izlkj] fof'k"V Å"ek èkkfjrk] Å"ekfefr] voLFkk ifjorZu&xqIr Å"ek Å"ek&LFkkukUrj.k] pkyu]
laogu rFkk fofdj.k] Å"ek pkydrk] U;wVu dk 'khryu fu;eA
77
bdkbZ&VIII % Å"ekxfrdh
(ihfj;M 12)
rkih; lkE; rFkk rki dh ifjHkk"kk ¼Å"ekxfrdh dk 'kwU; dksfV fu;e½] Å"ek] dk;Z rFkk vkUrfjd ÅtkZ] Å"ekxfrdh
dk igyk fu;eA
Å"ekxfrdh dk nwljk fu;e % mRØe.kh; rFkk vuqRØe.kh; izØe% Å"ek batu rFkk iz'khfr=k
bdkbZ&IX % vkn'kZ xSl dk O;ogkj rFkk v.kqxfr fl¼kUr
(ihfj;M 8)
vkn'kZ xSl ds fy, voLFkk dk lehdj.k % xSl ds laihMu esa fd;k x;k dk;ZA xSlksa dk v.kqxfr
fl)kUr&vfHkx`ghr] nkc dh ladYiuk] xfrt ÅtkZ rFkk rki( xSl ds v.kqvksa dh oxZekè; ewy pky( Lokra=k;
dksfV] ÅtkZ lefoHkktu fu;e ¼dsoy izdFku½ rFkk xSlksa dh fof'k"V Å"ek èkkfjrkvksa ij vuqiz;ksx] ekè;
eqDr iFk( vkoksxknzks la[;kA
bdkbZ&X % nksyu rFkk rjaxsa
vkorhZ xfr] vkorZdky] vko`fÙk] le; ds Qyu ds :i esa foLFkkiu( vkorhZ Qyu] ljy vkorZ xfr (S.H.M.)
rFkk bldk lehdj.k] dyk] dekuh ds nksyu] izR;ku;u cy rFkk cy&fLFkjkad] S.H.M. esa ÅtkZ&xfrt rFkk fLFkfrt
Åtk,a % ljy yksyd&blds vkorZdky ds fy, O;atd dh O;qRifÙk( eqDr] voeafnr rFkk iz.kksfnr nksyu ¼dsoy
xq.kkRed èkkj.kk½ % vuqukn
rjax xfr( vuqnèS ;Z rFkk vuqiLz Fk rjax(as rjax xfr dh pky( izxkeh rjax ds fy, foLFkkiu % lacèa k rjaxksa ds vè;kjksi.k
dk fl)kUr] rjaxksa dk ijkorZu] Mksfj;ksa rFkk ikbiksa esa vizxkeh rjax(as ewy fo|k rFkk xq.kko`fÙk;ka] foLiUn] MkWIyj
izHkkoA
izk;ksfxd dk;Z
uksV % 'kS{kf.kd o"kZ dh vofèk esa izR;sd Nk=k }kjk 10 iz;ksx ¼izR;sd vuqHkkx ls 5½ rFkk 8 fØ;kdyki ¼izR;sd
vuqHkkx ls 4½ fd, tk,axAs
fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh izfrHkkfxrk ds lkFk f'k{kd }kjk nks fun'kZu iz;ksx fd, tkus pkfg,A Nk=k bu fun'kZu iz;ksxksa ds
fjdkMZ j[ksxa As fo|ky;ksa dks ;g lykg nh tkrh gS fd os d{kk XII ds izk;ksfxd dk;ks± ds ewY;kadu ds fy, fn,
x, ekxZn'kZu dk vuqlj.k djsAa
vuqHkkx
A
iz;ksx
1-
ofuZ;j dSfyilZ dk mi;ksx
(i) fdlh Nks V h xks y h;@cs y ukdkj oLrq ds O;kl&ekiu ds fy, djukA
(ii)
Kkr nzO;eku dh fdlh fu;fer oLrq dh foek,a ekius ds fy, djuk rFkk mldk ?kuRo Kkr
djukA
(iii)
fn, x, chdj@dSyksjhehVj dk vkUrfjd O;kl rFkk xgjkbZ ekius ds fy, djuk rFkk mldk vk;ru
Kkr djukA
78
2-
LØwxt
s + dk mi;ksx
(i) fn, x, rkj dk O;kl ekius ds fy, djukA
(ii)
nh xbZ pknj dh eksVkbZ ekius ds fy, djukA
(iii)
fdlh vfu;fer iVy dk vk;ru ekius ds fy, djukA
3-
LQsjksehVj }kjk fdlh fn, x, xksyh; i`"B dh oØrk f=kT;k Kkr djukA
4-
lfn'kksa ds lekUrj prqHkqt
Z fu;e ds mi;ksx }kjk nh xbZ oLrq dk Hkkj Kkr djukA
5-
ljy yksyd dk mi;ksx djds L–T rFkk
dh izHkkoh yEckbZ Kkr djukA
6-
xqVds rFkk {kSfrt i`"B ds chp ?k"kZ.k xq.kkad Kkr djus ds fy, lhekUr ?k"kZ.k rFkk vfHkyEc izfrfØ;k ds chp
lacèa k dk vè;;u djukA
7-
i`Foh ds xq:Roh; f[kapko ds dkj.k fdlh jksyj ij dk;Zjr vkur lery ds vuqfn'k vèkkse[q kh cy Kkr djuk
rFkk cy ,oa Sinθ ds chp xzkQ [khapdj blds vkur dks.k ls lacèa k dk vè;;u djuk
L–T2
xzkQ [khapuk rFkk mfpr xzkQ dk mi;ksx djds lsd.Mh&yksyd
fØ;kdyki
0.2 cm, 0.5 cm
1-
fn, x, vYirekad tSls
2-
vk?kw.kks± ds fl)kUr }kjk ehVj iSekus dk mi;ksx djds nh xbZ oLrq dk nzO;eku Kkr djukA
3-
iSekuksa rFkk =kqfV js[kkvksa ds mfpr p;u ds lkFk vkadM+kas ds fn, x, leqPp; dk xzkQ [khapukA
4-
{kSfrt ry ij jksyj dh yksVfud xfr ds fy, lhekar ?k"kZ.k ekiukA
5-
iz{s ksI; dks.k ds lkFk ty dh èkkj ds ifjlj esa ifjorZu dk vè;;u djukA
6-
¼nksgjs vkur ry dk mi;ksx djds½ vkur ry ij uhps yq<+drh cky dh ÅtkZ ds laj{k.k dk vè;;u djukA
dk dkxt+ dk iSekuk cukukA
vuqHkkx
B
iz;ksx
1-
fn, x, rkj ds inkFkZ dk ;ax izR;kLFkrk xq.kkad Kkr djukA
23-
yksM&foLrkj xzkQ [khapdj fdlh dq.Mfyuh dekuh dk cy&fLFkjkad Kkr djukA
1
P rFkk V ,oa P rFkk
ds chp xzkQ [khapdj fu;r rki ij ok;q ds uewus ds fy, nkc ds lkFk
V
vk;ru esa ifjorZu dk vè;;u djukA
4-
dsf'kdh; mUu;u fofèk }kjk ty dk i`"B ruko Kkr djukA
5-
fdlh nh x;h xksy oLrq dk lhekUr osx ekidj fn, x, ';ku nzo dk ';kurk xq.kkad Kkr djukA
6-
'khryu oØ [khapdj fdlh rIr oLrq ds rki rFkk le; ds chp laca/k dk v/;;u djukA
79
7-
(i)
Lojekih dk mi;ksx djds fu;r ruko ij fdlh fn, x, rkj dh yEckbZ rFkk vko`fÙk ds chp lac/a k dk
v/;;u djukA
(ii)
Lojekih dk mi;ksx djds fu;r vko`fÙk ds fy, fdlh fn, x, rkj dh yEckbZ rFkk ruko ds chp lac/a
k dk v/;;u djukA
8-
vuqukn uyh dk mi;ksx djds nks vuqukn fLFkfr;ksa }kjk d{k rki ij ok;q esa /ofu dh pky Kkr djukA
9-
feJ.k fof/k }kjk fdlh fn, x,
(i)
Bksl
(ii)
nzo dh fof'k"V Å"ek /kkfjrk Kkr djukA
fØ;kdyki
1-
voLFkk ifjorZu dk iz{s k.k djuk rFkk fi?kys ekse ds fy, 'khryu oØ [khapukA
2-
fdlh f}/kkrq i=kh ij xeZ djus ds izHkko dk iz{s k.k rFkk O;k[;k djukA
3-
fdlh ik=k esa Hkjs nzo dks xeZ djus ij mlds Lrj esa ifjorZu dks uksV djuk rFkk iz{s k.kksa dh O;k[;k djukA
4-
dksf'kdh; mUu;u ds iz{s k.k }kjk i`"B ruko ij viektZd ds izHkko dk v/;;u djukA
5-
fdlh nzo dh Å"ek&{k; dh nj dks izHkkfor djus okys dkjdksa dk v/;;u djukA
6-
mfpr izdkj ls tdM+s fdlh ehVj iSekus] ftls
ij yksM ds izHkko dk v/;;u djukA
(i)
blds fljs ij
izLrkfor ikB~; iqLrdsa
1- HkkSfrdh] Hkkx & I ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh- }kjk izdkf'kr
2- HkkSfrdh] Hkkx & II ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh- }kjk izdkf'kr
80
(ii)
e/; esa Hkkfjr fd;k x;k gS] ds voueu
ikB~ ; Øe la j puk
d{kk XII ¼lS ) kfUrd½
le; % 3 ?k.Vs
,d iz'u i=k
vfèkdre vad % 70
bdkbZ
I
fLFkj fo|qfrdh
08
bdkbZ
II
èkkjk fo|qr
07
bdkbZ
III
èkkjk dk pqEcdh; izHkko rFkk pqEcdRo
08
bdkbZ
IV
oS|qr pqEcdh; izjs .k rFkk izR;korhZ èkkjk,a
08
bdkbZ
V
oS|qr pqEcdh; rjaxas
03
bdkbZ
VI
izdkf'kdh
14
bdkbZ
VII
nzO; dh }Sr izÑfr
04
bdkbZ
VIII
ijek.kq rFkk ukfHkd
06
bdkbZ
IX
bysDVªkfW ud ;qfDr;ka
07
bdkbZ
X
lapkj O;oLFkk
05
dqy
bdkbZ&I % fLFkj fo|qfrdh
70
(ihfj;M 25)
oS|rq vkos'k % vkos'k dk laj{k.k % dwykWe&fu;e&nks fcUnq vkos'kksa ds chp cy] cgqr vkos'kksa ds chp cy %
vè;kjksi.k&fl)kUr rFkk lrr vkos'k forj.kA
fo|qr {ks=k] fcUnq vkos'k ds dkj.k fo|qr {ks=k] fo|qr {ks=k js[kk,a] oS|qr f}èkzqo] f}èkzqo ds dkj.k fo|qr {ks=k]
,d leku fo|qr {ks=k esa f}èkzqo ij cy vk?kw.kZ] oS|qr ¶yDl] xkml fu;e dk izdFku rFkk vuUr yEckbZ ds ,d
leku vkosf'kr lhèks rkj] ,d leku vkosf'kr vuUr lery pknj rFkk ,d leku vkosf'kr irys xksyh; [kksy
¼ds Hkhrj rFkk ckgj½ fo|qr {ks=k Kkr djus esa bl fu;e dk vuqiz;ksxA fLFkj oS|qr foHko] foHkokUrj( fdlh fcUnq
vkos'k] oS|qr f}èkzqo] vkos'kksa ds fudk; ds dkj.k foHko( lefoHko i`"B] fdlh fLFkj oS|qr {ks=k esa nks fcUnq vkos'kksa
ds fudk; rFkk oS|qr f}èkzqo dh fLFkj oS|qr fLFkfrt ÅtkZ pkyd rFkk fo|qrjksèkh( fdlh pkyd ds Hkhrj eqDr vkos'k
rFkk c) vkos'k] ijkoS|qr inkFkZ rFkk oS|qr èkzqo.k( laèkkfj=k rFkk èkkfjrk] Js.khØe rFkk ik'oZØe esa laèkkfj=kksa dk
la;kstu( ifêdkvksa ds chp ijkoS|qr ekè;e gksus vFkok u gksus ij fdlh lekUrj ikfêdk lapkfj=k dh èkkfjrk( laèkkfj=k
esa lafpr ÅtkZ] oku Ms xzkQ tfu=kA
bdkbZ&II èkkjk fo|qr
(ihfj;M 22)
fo|qrèkkjk] èkkfRod pkyd esa oS|rq vkos'kksa dk izokg] viokg osx] xfr'khyrk rFkk budk fo|qrèkkjk ls lacèa k(
Hkkse dk fu;e] oS|rq izfrjksèk] V-I vfHky{k.k ¼jSf[kd rFkk vjSf[kd½] fo|qr ÅtkZ rFkk 'kfDr] oS|rq izfrjksèkdrk rFkk
pkydrk dkcZu izfrjksèkd] dkcZu izfrjksèkdksa ds fy, o.kZ dksM] izfrjksèkdksa dk Js.kh rFkk i'oZ Øe la;kstu] izfrjksèk
dh rki fuHkZjrkA
lsy dk vkUrfjd izfrjksèk] lsy dh
emf
rFkk foHkokUrj lsyksa dks Js.kh Øe rFkk ik'oZØe la;kstuA
81
fdj[kksQ dk fu;e rFkk blds vuqi;z ksx] OghVLVksu lsr]q ehVj lsrAq
iksVksf'k;ksehVj &&& fl)kUr rFkk foHkokUrj ,oa nks lsyksa dh
izfrjks/kksa ,oa fdlh lsy ds vkUrfjd izfrjksèk dh eki
bdkbZ
III
emf
dh rqyuk djus ds fy, bldk vuqi;z ksx( y?kq
% fo|qèkkjk ds pqEcdh; izHkko rFkk pqEcdRo
(ihfj;M 25)
pqEcdh; {ks=k dh ladYiuk] vksLVsMZ dk iz;ksxA
ck;ks&lkoVZ fu;e rFkk èkkjkokgh o`Ùkh; ywi esa bldk vuqi;z ksxA
,sfEi;j dk fu;e rFkk bldk vuUr yEckbZ ds lhèks rkj esa vuqi;z ksxA nks lkekUrj /kkjkokh pkydksa ds chp cy&,sfEi;j
dh ifjHkk"kk lhèkh ,oa VksjkbMh ifjukfydk,a vuqi;z ksxA
,d leku pqEcdh; {ks=k esa fdlh èkkjkokgh pkyd ij cy( ,d leku pqEcdh; {ks=k esa èkkjkokgh ywi }kjk cy
vk?kw.kZ dk vuqHko] py dq.Myh xSYosuksehVj bldh èkkjk lqxkz árk rFkk bldk ,sehVj ,oa oksYVehVj esa :ikUrj.kA
,d leku pqEcdh; rFkk fo|qr {ks=kksa esa xfreku vkos'kksa ij cy] lkbDyksVkª uW A
pqEcdh; f}èkzoq ds :i esa èkkjk ywi rFkk bldk pqEcdh; f}èkzoq vk?kw.kZA fdlh ifjHkze.k djrs bysDVªkuW dk pqEcdh;
f}èkzoq vk?kw.kZA pqEcdh; f}èkzoq ¼NM+ pqEcd½ ds dkj.k blds v{k ds vuqfn'k rFkk v{k ds vfHkyEcor pqEcdh;
{ks=k rhozrkA ,d leku pqEch; {ks=k esa pqEcdh; f}èkzoq ¼NM+ pqEcd½ ij cy vk?kw.kZ( rqY;kadh ifjukfydk ds :i
esa NM+ pqEcd] pqEcdh; {ks=k js[kk,a( i`Foh dk pqEcdh; {ks=k rFkk pqEcdh; vo;o] vuqpEq cdh;] izfrpqEcdh; rFkk
yksg pqEcdh; inkFkZ mnkgj.kksa lfgrA fo|qrpqEcd rFkk budh rhozrkvksa dks izHkkfor djus okys dkjdA LFkk;h
pqEcdA
bdkbZ&IV % oS|qrpqEcdh; izsj.k rFkk izR;korhZ èkkjk,a
oS|qrpqEcdh; izjs .k % QSjkMs ds fu;e] izfs jr
izjs dRo LFkkukUrj.k èkkjkA
emf
(ihfj;M 20)
rFkk èkkjk] yst
a dk fu;e] Hkaoj èkkjk,aA Loizjs dRo rFkk vU;ksU;
izR;korhZ èkkjk] izR;korhZ èkkjk rFkk oksYVrk ds f'k[kj rFkk oxZ ekè;ewy eku] izfr?kkr rFkk izfrckèkk( LC nksyu
¼dsoy xq.kkRed foospuk½] Js.khc) LCR ifjiFk] vuqokn] AC ifjiFkksa esa 'kfDr] okVghu èkkjk@AC tfu=k rFkk
VªkUlQkWeZjA
bdkbZ&V % oS|qrpqEcdh; rjaxsa
(ihfj;M 4)
LFkkukUrj.k /kkjk] oS|rq pqEcdh; rjaxas rFkk buds vfHky{k.k ¼dsoy xq.kkRed ladYiuk½ oS|rq pqEcdh; rjaxksa dh
vuqiLz Fk izÑfrA
oS|qr pqEcdh; LisDVªe ¼jsfM;ks rjax]as lw{erjax]as vojDr] n`';] ijkcSxa uh]
fo"k; esa ekSfyd rF;ksa lfgrA
bdkbZ&VI % izdkf'kdh
X-fdj.ks]a
xkek fdj.ks½a buds mi;ksx ds
(ihfj;M 30)
izdk'k dk ijkorZu] xksyh; niZ.k] niZ.k lw=k] izdk'k dk viorZu] iw.kZ vkUrfjd ijkorZu rFkk blds vuqi;z ksx]
izdkf'kr rUrq] xksyh; i`"Bksa ij viorZu] ysl
a ] irys ysl
a ksa dk lw=k] ysl
a esdj&lw=k] vkoèkZu] ysl
a dh 'kfDr] lEidZ
esa j[ks irys ysl
a ksa dk la;kstu] fizTe ls gksdj izdk'k dk viorZu rFkk ifj{ksi.kA
izdk'k dk izdh.kZu vkdk'k dk uhyk o.kZ rFkk lw;ksnZ ; ,oa lw;kZLr ds le; vkdk'k esa lw;Z dk jDrkHk n`f"Vxkspj
gksukA
82
rjax izdkf'kdh % rjaxkx rFkk gkbxsUl fl)kUr] rjaxkxzkas ds mi;ksx }kjk lery rjaxksa dk lery i`"Bksa ij ijkorZu
rFkk viorZu] gkbxsUl fl)kUr ds mi;ksx }kjk ijkorZu rFkk viorZu ds fu;eksa dk lR;kiu] O;frdj.k] ;ax
dk f}f>jh iz;ksx rFkk fÝt pkSM+kbZ ds fy, O;atd] dyk lac) òksr rFkk izdk'k dk izfrikfyr O;frdj.k( ,dyf>jh
ds dkj.k foorZu] dsUnzh; mfPp"B dh pkSM+kbZ] èkzoq .k] lery èkzfq or izdk'k] czLq Vj fu;e] lery èkzfq or izdk'k rFkk
iksyjkW;Mksa dk mi;ksxA
izdkf'kr ;a=k ekuo us=k] izfrfcEc cuuk rFkk la;tu {kerk ysl
a ksa }kjk n`f` "V nks"kksa dk la'kksèku ¼fudV n`f"Vnks"k]
nwj n`f"Vnks"k] tjk nwj n`f"V nks"k] vfoUnqdrk½ lw{en'khZ] rFkk [kxksyh; nwjn'kZd ¼ijkorhZ rFkk viorhZ½ rFkk budh
vkoèkZu {kerk,aA lw{en'khZ rFkk nwjn'kZdksa dh foHksnu {kerkA
bdkbZ&VII % nzO; rFkk fofdj.kksa dh }Sr izÑfr
(ihfj;M 8)
fofdj.kksa dh }Sr izÑfr] izdk'k fo|qr izHkko] gRtZ rFkk yhukMZ iz{s k.k vkbaLVhu&izdk'k fo|qr lehdj.k] izdk'k
dh d.kkRed izÑfrA
nzO; rjaxas d.kksa dh rjaxkRed izÑfr] ns czkXyh lacèa k] Msfolu rFkk teZj iz;ksxA
bdkbZ&VIII % ijek.kq rFkk ukfHkd
(ihfj;M 18)
,sYQk d.k izdh.kZu iz;ksx] ijek.kq dk jnjQksMZ ekWMy] cksj ekWMy] ÅtkZLrj gkbMªkt
s u LisDVªeA
ukfHkdksa dh lajpuk rFkk vkeki] ijek.kq nzO;eku] leLFkkfud] leHkkfjd] fo?kVukfHkdrk&,sYQk] chVk rFkk xkek
[email protected] rFkk buds xq.k] jsfM;ks,fs DVo {k; fu;eA
nzO;eku&ÅtkZ lacèa k] nzO;eku {kfr] caèku ÅtkZ izfr U;wfDyvkWu rFkk nzO; la[;k ds lkFk blesa ifjorZu] ukfHkdh;
fo?kVu] ukfHkdh; fj,DVj] ukfHkdh; lay;u
bdkbZ&IX % bysDVªkWfud ;qfDr;ka
(ihfj;M 18)
vèkZpkyd] vèkZpkyd Mk;ksM % I-V vfHkyk{kf.kd ¼Hkxzfnf'kd rFkk i'pfnf'kd ok;lu esa½( Mk;ksM fn"Vdkjh
ds :i esa] LED ds vfHkyk{kf.kd] QksVksMk;ksM] lkSj lsy rFkk tsuj Mk;ksM( oksYVrk fu;a=kd ds :i esa tsuj
Mk;ksM] lafèk VªkaftLVj] VªkaftLVj fØ;k] VªkaftLVj ds vfHkyk{kf.kd] VªkaftLVj izoèkZd ds :i esa ¼mHk;fu"B mRltZd
foU;kl½ rFkk VªkaftLVj nksfy=k ds :i esa] ykWftd xsV (OR, AND, NOT, NAND rFkk NOR), VªkaftLVj fLop
ds :i esaA
bdkbZ&X % lapkj O;oLFkk
(ihfj;M 10)
lapkj O;oLFkk ds vo;o ¼dsoy CykWd vkjs[k½] flXuyksa dh cSMa pkSM+kbZ ¼okd~] TV vadh; vkadM+½s ] iz"s k.k ekè;e
dh cS.M pkSM+kbZ] ok;qeMa y esa oS|qr pqEcdh; rjaxksa dk lajp.k] O;kse rFkk vkdk'k rjaxksa dk lapj.k( ekMqyu dh
vko';drk] vk;ke ekMqfyr rjaxksa dk mRiknu rFkk lalp
w uA
izk;ksfxd dk;Z
A.
'kSf{kd o"kZ dh vofèk esa izR;sd Nk=k dks 10 iz;ksx ¼izR;sd vuqHkkx ls 5½ rFkk 8 fØ;kdyki ¼izR;sd vuqHkkx
ls 4½ djus gSAa Nk=kksa dh lgHkkfxrk ls f'k{k.k }kjk nks fun'kZu iz;ksx Hkh fd, tkus pkfg,A Nk=k bu fun'kZu
iz;ksxksa ds fjdkMZ j[ksaxsA
83
vuq H kkx&A
iz;ksx
1- foHkokUrj rFkk èkkjk ds chp xzkQ [khapdj fdlh fn, x, rkj dk izfr lsUVhehVj izfrjksèk Kkr djukA
2- ehVj lsrq }kjk fdlh fn, x, rkj dk izfrjksèk Kkr djds mlds inkFkZ dh izfrjksèkdrk Kkr djukA
3- ehVj lsrq }kjk izfrjksèkdksa ds ¼Js.kh@ik'oZ½ la;kstuksa ds fu;eksa dk lR;kiu djukA
4- iksVksfU'k;ksehVj }kjk nks fn, x, izkFkfed lsyksa dh
emf
dh rqyuk djukA
5- iksVksfU'k;ksehVj }kjk fn, x, izkFkfed lsy dk vkUrfjd izfrjksèk Kkr djukA
6- fdlh xSYosuksehVj dk izfrjksèk vèkZfo{ksi.k fofèk }kjk fuèkkZfjr djuk rFkk bldk n{krkad Kkr djukA
7- fn, x, xSYosuksehVj ¼ftldk izfrjksèk rFkk n{krkad Kkr gS½ dks okafNr ifjlj ds ,sehVj rFkk oksYVehVj esa
:ikUrfjr djuk rFkk budk lR;kiu djukA
8- lksuksehVj }kjk
a.c.
esUl dh vko`fÙk Kkr djukA
fØ;kdyki
1- yksbØksM ds lkFk rFkk yksbØksM ds fcuk fdlh izjs d dk izfrjksèk ,oa izfrckèkk ekiukA
2- cgqyekih }kjk fdlh fn, x, ifjiFk dh lrrrk dk ijh{k.k djuk rFkk izfrjksèk oksYVrk
(A.C.) ekiuk
(AC/DC)
,oa èkkjk
3- ,d 'kfDr òksr] rhu cYc] rhu ¼vkWu@vkWQ½ fLop rFkk ,d ¶;wt dk ,d ?kjsyw ifjiFk la;ksftr djukA
4- fn, x, fo|qr ifjiFk ds vo;oksa dks la;ksftr djukA
5- LFkk;h èkkjk ds fy, fdlh rkj dh yEckbZ ds lkFk foHkoikr esa ifjorZu dk vè;;u djukA
6- fdlh fn, x, ,sls ifjiFk dk vkjs[k [khapuk ftlesa de ls de ,d cSVjh] izfrjksèkd@èkkjk fu;a=kd] dqt
a h]
,sehVj rFkk oksYVehVj gksA mu vo;oksa dks fpfÐr djuk tks mfpr Øe esa la;ksftr ugha gSA ifjiFk dks Bhd
djds ifjiFk vkjs[k dks Hkh la'kksfèkr djukA
84
vuq H kkx&B
iz;ksx
1- vory niZ.k ds izdj.k esa
2-
u
rFkk
v
vFkok
1
u
u
vFkok
ds fofHkUu ekuksa ds fy, v ds eku Kkr djds niZ.k dh Qksdl nwjh Kkr djukA
1
v
ds chp xzkQ [khapdj fdlh mÙky ysl
a dh Qksdl nwjh Kkr djukA
3- mÙky ysl
a dk mi;ksx djds mÙky niZ.k dh Qksdl nwjh Kkr djukA
4- mÙky ysl
a dk mi;ksx djds vory ysl
a dh Qksdl nwjh Kkr djukA
5- fn, x, fizT; ds fy, vkiru dks.k rFkk fopyu dks.k ds chp xzkQ [khapdj U;wure fopyu dks.k Kkr
djukA
6- py lw{en'khZ }kjk dksp dh flYyh dk viorZukad Kkr djukA
7-
(i)
vory niZ.k]
(ii)
lery niZ.k rFkk mÙky ysl
a }kjk fdlh nzo dk viorZukad Kkr djukA
8- vxzfnf'kd ok;l rFkk i'pfnf'kd ck;l esa
p—n
lafèk ds
I—V
vfHkyk{kf.kd oØ [khapukA
9- tsuj Mk;ksM ds vfHkyk{kf.kd oØ [khapuk rFkk bldh izrhi Hkatu oksYVrk Kkr djukA
10- fdlh mHk;fu"B&mRltZd pnp vFkok
ykfCèk;ksa ds eku Kkr djukA
npn
Vªkfa tLVj ds vfHkyk{kf.kdksa dk vè;;u djuk rFkk èkkjk ,oa oksYVrk
fØ;kdyki
1- fdlh
L.D.R.
ij izdk'k dh rhozrk ds izHkko dk ¼òksr dh nwjh esa ifjorZu djds½ vè;;u djukA
2- Mk;ksM] LED, Vªkfa tLVj]
I.C.
izfrjksèkd rFkk la?kkfj=k dh ,sls gh fefJr oLrqvksa ds lap;u esa ls igpku djukA
3- cgqyekih }kjk (i) Vªkfa tLVj ds vkèkkj dks igpkuuk] (ii) npn rFkk pnp izdkj ds Vªkfa tLVjksa esa foHksnu djuk]
(iii) Mk;ksM rFkk LED ds izdj.kksa esa èkkjk ds ,dfnf'kd izokg dk iz{s k.k djuk] (iv) Mk;ksM] Vªkfa tLVj] vFkok
I.C. tSls fn, x, bysDVªkfud vo;oksa dk ijh{k.k muds pkyw voLFkk esa gksus vFkok u gksus dk ijh{k.k djukA
4- fdlh dkap dh flYyh ij fr;Zd vkifrr izdk'k iqUt ds viorZu rFkk ikf'oZd fopyu dk iz{s k.k djukA
5- nks iksyjkW;Mksa }kjk izdk'k ds èkzoq .k dk vè;;u djukA
6- iryh f>jh ds dkj.k izdk'k ds foorZu dk iz{s k.k djukA
7- eksecÙkh ,oa ijns dk mi;ksx djds (i) mÙky ysl
a ] (ii) vory niZ.k }kjk ijns ij cuus okys izfrfcEc dh
izÑfr rFkk vkeki ¼ysl
a @niZ.k ls eksecÙkh dh fofHkUu nwfj;ksa ds fy,½ dk vè;;u djukA
8- ysUlksa ds fn, x, leqPp; ls nks ysl
a ksa }kjk fdlh fof'k"V Qksdl nwjh dk ysl
a &la;kstu izkIr djukA
85
B.
izk;ksfxd ijh{kk ds fy, ewY;kadu dh :ijs[kk
fdlh Hkh ,d vuqHkkx ls ,d iz;ksx
nks fØ;kdyki ¼izR;sd vuqHkkx ls ,d fØ;kdyki½
8
vad
8
vad
iz;ksfxd fjdkMZ ¼iz;ksx rFkk fØ;kdyki½
6
vad
nks fun'kZu iz;ksxksa dk fjdkMZ rFkk bu iz;ksxksa ij vkèkkfjr ekSf[kd iz'u
3
vad
iz;ksx rFkk fØ;kdykiksa ij ekSf[kd iz'u
5
vad
(4+4)
dqy
uksV % ;gh :i js[kk d{kk XI ds fy, Hkh ekU; gSA
izLrkfor ikB~;iqLrdsa
1- HkkSfrdh] Hkkx & I ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh- }kjk izdkf'kr d{kk XI dh ikB~;iqLrd
2- HkkSfrdh] Hkkx & II ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh- }kjk izdkf'kr d{kk XII dh ikB~;iqLrd
86
30
va d
8- jlk;u (dksM la[;k 043)
vkèkkj
fo|ky;h f'k{kk esa mPprj ekè;fed Lrj vR;ar fu.kkZ;d Lrj gS D;ksfa d bl le; fo'ks"k fo"k;&vkèkkfjr]
fo"k;ksUeq[k ikB~;Øe izkjaHk gksrs gSaA fo|kFkhZ nl o"kZ dh lkekU; f'k{kk ds i'pkr~ bl Lrj rd igq¡prs gSa
vkSj viuh thfodk ewy foKku vFkok vkS"kèk] bathfu;jh ;k rduhdh tSls O;kolkf;d ikB~;Øeksa ls [kkstus
ds fy, vkSj r`rh;d Lrj ij foKku ds O;kogkfjd {ks=kksa esa ikB~;Øeksa ds vè;;u ds fy, jlk;u fo"k;
dk pquko djrs gSAa blfy, fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks jlk;u dh voèkkj.kkvksa dh i;kZIr i`"BHkwfe miyCèk djkuk vko';d
gS] tks mUgsa mPprj ekè;fed Lrj ds i'pkr vdknfed vkSj O;kolkf;d ikB~;Øeksa dh pqukSfr;k¡ Lohdkj
djus ds fy, l{ke cuk,xhA
ubZ vkSj uohuhÑr ikBp;kZ dks fo"k; dh dfBukbZ vkSj xgurk ij ;g è;ku j[krs gq, vkèkkfjr fd;k
x;k gS fd ikB~;Øe cksf>y u gksus ik, vkSj lkFk gh ;g vUrjkZ"Vªh; Lrj ds lerqY; gksA fiNys ,d n'kd
esa jlk;u fo"k; ls lacafèkr Kku esa vHkwriwoZ ifjorZu gq, gSaA la'ysf"kr inkFkZ] tSo&v.kq] izkÑfrd laink]
vkS|ksfxd jlk;u tSls vusd u, {ks=k egÙoiw.kZ :i ls mHkjs gSa vkSj mPprj ekè;fed Lrj ij jlk;u ikB~;Øe
dk vfuok;Z Hkkx cuus ;ksX; gSAa vUrjkZ"Vªh; Lrj ij vkbZ-;w-ih-,-lh (IUPAC) ,oa lh-th-ih-,e- (CGPM) tSlh
oSKkfud laLFkkvksa }kjk rRoksa vkSj ;kSfxdksa ds uohu izfriknu vkSj uke i)fr rFkk HkkSfrd jkf'k;ksa ds izkjaHk
djs x, izrhd vkSj ek=kd Hkh vR;ar egÙoiw.kZ gSa vkSj uohuhÑr ikB~;Øe esa 'kkfey djus vko';d gSAa la'kksfèkr ikB~;Øe
esa bu lHkh i{kksa dk è;ku j[kk x;k gSA blesa ubZ ukei)fr] izrhdks]a izfriknuksa dks iz;ksx djus( ewy voèkkj.kkvksa dk
vè;kiu( jlk;u dh voèkkj.kkvksa ds m|ksx@rduhdh esa vuqi;z ksx( ,ddksa dk rdZlxa r Øekadu ,oa iqjkuh iM+ xbZ vkSj
iqujko`Ùk voèkkj.kkvksa ds R;kxus bR;kfn dks vfèkd egÙo fn;k x;k gSA
mís';
mPprj ekè;fed Lrj ij jlk;u ds vè;kiu dk O;kid mís'; fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh lgk;rk djuk gSA blds ize[q k
mís'; gSa
jlk;u esa ftKklk cuk, j[krs gq, jlk;u ds ewy rF;ksa vkSj ladYiukvksa dh le> esa o`f) djuk(
r`rh;d Lrj ij vdknfed vkSj O;kolkf;d ikB~;Øeksa ¼tSls vkS"kèk] bathfu;jh] rduhdh½ esa jlk;u ds vè;;u
ds fy, l{ke cukuk(
fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks jlk;u ds fofHkUu u, mHkjrs gq, {ks=kksa ls voxr djkuk vkSj mUgsa Hkkoh vè;;u esa budh
lkFkZdrk rFkk jklk;uh&foKku ,oa rduhdh ds fofHkUu {ks=kksa esa buds vuqi;z ksx ls voxr djkuk(
fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks LokLF;] iks"k.k] i;kZoj.k] tula[;k] ekSle] m|ksxksa vkSj Ñf"k ls lacfa èkr fofHkUu ifjorZuksa dk
lkeuk djus ;ksX; cukuk(
fo|kfFkZ;ksa esa leL;kvksa ds lekèkku dh izoh.krk fodflr djuk(
fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks m|ksxksa esa iz;qDr gksus okys fofHkUu izØeksa vkSj muds rduhdh vuqi;z ksxksa ls ifjfpr djkuk(
fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks foKku dh vU; foèkkvksa tSls HkkSfrdh] tho foKku] Hkw&foKku] bathfu;fjax bR;kfn ls jlk;u
ds ijLij lacèa k ls voxr djkuk(
87
fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks nSfud thou esa mi;ksx esa vkus okys jlk;u ds fofHkUu i{kksa ls ifjfpr djkuk(
fo|kfFkZ;ksa esa jlk;u dk fof'k"V fo"k; ds :i esa vè;;u djus dh vfHk:fp mRiUu djukA
ikB~;Øe&lajpuk
d{kk
¼lS)kafrd½
le; % 3 ?k.Vs
,d iz'u&i=k
,dd la [ ;k
bdkbZ I
XI
'kh"kZd
jlk;u dh dqN ewy voèkkj.kk,a
vfèkdre vad % 70
va d
3
bdkbZ
II
ijek.kq dh lajpuk
6
bdkbZ
III
rRoksa dk oxhZdj.k vkSj xq.kèkeks± dh vkofrZrk
4
bdkbZ
IV
jklk;fud vkcaèku ,oa vkf.od lajpuk
5
bdkbZ
V
nzO; dh voLFkk,a&xSl vkSj nzo
4
bdkbZ
VI
Å"ekxfrdh
6
bdkbZ
VII
lkE;
6
bdkbZ
VIII
jsMkWDl vfHkfØ;k,a
3
bdkbZ
IX
gkbMªkstu
3
bdkbZ
X
s-Cykd
ds rRo
5
bdkbZ
XI
p-Cykd
ds dqN rRo
7
bdkbZ
XII
dkcZfud jlk;u&dqN ewy fl)kar vkSj rduhdsa
7
bdkbZ
XIII
gkbMªksdkcZu
8
bdkbZ
XIV
i;kZoj.kh; jlk;u
3
70
dqy ;ksx
,dd&I % jlk;u dh dqN ewy voèkkj.kk,a
(12 ihfj;M)
lkekU; ifjp;&jlk;u fo"k; dk egRo vkSj foLrkj
nzO; dh fofoDr ¼df.kd½ izÑfr rd ,sfrgkfld igqp
¡ ] jklk;fud la;kstu ds fu;e] MkYVu dk ijek.kq fl)kar(
rRo] ijek.kq vkSj v.kq dh voèkkj.kk
ijekf.od vkSj vkf.od nzO;eku] eksy dh voèkkj.kk vkSj eksyj nzO;eku&izfr'kr la?kVu] ewykuqikrh ,oa vkf.od
lw=k( jklk;fud vfHkfØ;k,a] LVkbfd;ksehVªh vkSj LVkbfd;ksehVªh ij vkèkkfjr ifjdyu
,dd&II % ijek.kq dh lajpuk
(16 ihfj;M)
bysDVªkuW ] izkVs kWu vkSj U;wVkª uW dh [kkst( ijek.kq Øekad] leLFkkfud vkSj leHkkfjdA VkWelu dk ekWMy vkSj bldh
lhek,a] jnjQksMZ ekWMy vkSj bldh lhek,a] cksj ekWMy vkSj bldh lhek,a] dks'kksa vkSj midks'kksa dh voèkkj.kk]
88
nzO; ,oa izdk'k dh }Sr izÑfr] ns czkWXyh lacaèk] gkbts+ucxZ vfuf'prrk fl)kar] d{kdksa dh voèkkj.kk]
DokUVe la[;k,a] s, p vkSj d-d{kdksa dh vkÑfr;ka] d{kdksa esa bysDVªkWu Hkjus ds fu;e vkWQckÅ fu;e]
ikmyh viotZu fu;e rFkk gqM dk fu;e] ijek.kqvksa dk bysDVªkWfud foU;kl] vèkZ&Hkfjr vkSj iw.kZ Hkfjr
d{kdksa dk LFkkf;RoA
,dd&III % rRoksa dk oxhZdj.k vkSj xq.kèkeks± dh vkofrZrk
(8 ihfj;M)
oxhZdj.k dh lkFkZdrk] vkorZ lkj.kh ds fodkl dk laf{kIr bfrgkl] vkèkqfud vkorZ fu;e rFkk vkorZ lkj.kh
dk orZeku Lo:i] rRoksa ds xq.kèkeks± dh vkorhZ izof` Ùk&ijek.kq f=kT;k,a] vk;uh f=kT;k,a] vk;uu ,UFkSYih] bysDVªkuW
yfCèk&,UFkSYih] fo|qr~ _.kkRedrk] la;kstdrkA
,dd&IV % jklk;fud vkcaèku vkSj vkf.od lajpuk
(16 ihfj;M)
la;kstdrk bysDVªkWu] vk;uh vkca/k] lgla;kstd vkcaèk] vkcaèk izkpy] ywbl lajpuk] lgla;kstd vkcaèk dk
èkzqoh; xq.k] vk;uh vkcaèk dk lgla;kstd xq.k] la;kstdrk vkcaèk fl)kar] vuqukn] lgla;kstd v.kqvksa dh T;kfefr]
VSEPR fl)kar] s, p vkSj d&d{kdksa vkSj dqN lkekU; v.kqvksa dh vkÑfr;k¡ dks lfEefyr djrs gq, ladj.k
dh voèkkj.kk leukfHkdh; f}ijek.kqd v.kqvksa ds vkcaèku dk vkf.od d{kd fl)kar ¼dsoy xq.kkRed ifjp;½
gkbMªkstu vkcaèkA
,dd&V % nzO; dh voLFkk,a&xSl vkSj nzo
(14 ihfj;M)
nzO; dh rhu voLFkk,a] varjkvkf.od vU;ksU; fØ;k,a] vkcaèku ds izdkj] xyukad vkSj DoFkukad] v.kqvksa dh voèkkj.kk
dh O;k[;k esa xSl fu;eksa dh Hkwfedk] ckW;y dk fu;e] pkYlZ dk fu;e] xS&yqld
S fu;e] vkn'kZ O;ogkj] vkn'kZ
xSl lehdj.k dh vkuqHkkfod O;qRifÙk] vkoksxknzks la[;k] vkn'kZ xSl lehdj.kA vkn'kZ O;ogkj ls fopyu] xSlksa
dk nzo.k] Økafrd rkiA
nzo voLFkk&ok"inkc] ';kurk vkSj i`"B ruko ¼dsoy xq.kkRed ifjp;½
,dd&VI % Å"ekxfrdh
(16 ihfj;M)
fudk; dh voèkkj.kk rFkk fudk; ds izdkj] ifjos'k] dk;Z] Å"ek] ÅtkZ] ek=kk vkfJr xq.kèkeZ vkSj ek=kk Lora=k
xq.kèkeZ] voLFkk QyuA
Å"ekxfrdh dk izFke fu;e] vkUrfjd ÅtkZ vkSj ,UFkSYih] Å"ekèkkfjrk ,oa fof'k"V Å"ek /kkfjrk] ∆U vkSj ∆H
dk ekiu] Å"ek ladyu dk gsl fu;e] ,UFkSYih&vkcaèk fo;kstu] ngu] laHkou ¼fojpu½] d.khdj.k] ÅèoZikru]
izkoLFkk :ikUrj.k] vk;uu rFkk foy;uA
,UVªkiW h dk voLFkk Qyu dh Hkkafr ifjp;] Lor% izofrZr vkSj Lor% vizofrZr izØeksa ds fy, eqDr ÅtkZ ifjorZu]
lkE;A
,dd&VII % lkE;
(16 ihfj;M)
HkkSfrdh vkSj jklk;fud izØeksa esa lkE;] lkE; dh xfrd izÑfr] nzO;kuqikrh fØ;k fu;e] lkE; fLFkjkad lkE;
dks izHkkfor djus okys dkjd ys 'kkrSfy, dk fl)kar( vk;fud lkE;&vEyksa ,oa {kkjdksa dk vk;uu] izcy
89
vkSj nqcy
Z oS|rq ~ vi?kV~;] vk;uu dh ek=kk] pH dh voèkkj.kk] yo.kksa dk tyvi?kVu ¼izkjafHkd tkudkjh½] cQ+j
foy;u ¼mHk; izfrjksèkh foy;u½] foys;rk xq.kuQyu] mHk;fu"B vk;u izHkko ¼levk;u izHkko½ mnkgj.k lfgrA
,dd&VIII % jsMkWDl vfHkfØ;k,a
(6 ihfj;M)
vkWDlhdj.k vkSj vip;u dh voèkkj.kk] jsMkWDl vfHkfØ;k,a] vkWDlhdj.k la[;k] jsMkWDl vfHkfØ;kvksa dh jlk;fud
lehdj.k dks larfq yr djuk] jsMkWDl vfHkfØ;kvksa ds vuqi;z ksxA
,dd&IX % gkbMªkstu
(8 ihfj;M)
vkorZ lkj.kh esa gkbMªkt
s u dk LFkku] miyCèkrk] leLFkkfud] fojpu] xq.kèkeZ rFkk gkbMªkt
s u ds mi;ksx( gkbMªkbM&vk;uh]
lgla;kstd ,oa varjkdk'kh( ty ds HkkSfrd rFkk jlk;fud xq.kèkeZ] Hkkjh ty] gkbMªkstu ijkWDlkbM&fojpu]
xq.k/keZ vkSj lajpuk] gkbMªkt
s u b±èku ds :i esAa
,dd&X %
S
Cykd ds rRo ({kkj ,oa {kkjh e`nk èkkrq,a)
(14 ihfj;M)
oxZ 1 ,oa oxZ 2 ds rRo
lkekU; ifjp;] bysDVªkfW ud foU;kl] miyCèkrk] izR;sd oxZ ds izFke rRo ds vlaxr xq.kèkeZ] fod.kZ lacèa k] xq.kèkeks±
ds fopj.k esa izof` Ùk ¼tSls vk;uu ,UFkSYih] ijek.kq ,oa vk;uh f=kT;k½] vkDlhtu ty] gkbMªkt
s u ,oa gSykstu
ls jklk;fud vfHkfØ;k'khyrk esa izof` Ùk;k¡( mi;ksxA
dqN egÙoiw.kZ ;kSfxdksa dk fojpu vkSj xq.kèkeZ
lksfM;e dkcksuZ Vs ] lksfM;e DyksjkbM] lksfM;e gkbMªkDW lkbM vkSj lksfM;e gkbMªkt
s u dkcksuZ Vs ] lksfM;e vkSj iksVfS 'k;e
dk tSfod egRoA
dSfYl;e vkWDlkbM rFkk dSfYl;e dkcksuZ Vs ,oa pwuk o pwuk iRFkj ds vkS|ksfxd mi;ksx( eSXusf'k;e rFkk] dSfYl;e
dk tSfod egRoA
,dd&XI %
p-Cykd
P
Cykd ds rRo
(16 ihfj;M)
ds rRoksa dk lkekU; ifjp;
oxZ 13 ds rRo
rRo&lkekU; ifjp;] bysDVªkfW ud foU;kl] miyCèkrk] xq.kèkeks± dk fopj.k] vkWDlhdj.k voLFkk,a]
jklk;fud vfHkfØ;k'khyrk esa izo`fÙk] oxZ ds izFke rRo ds vlaxr xq.kèkeZ( cksjkWu&HkkSfrd vkSj jklk;fud
xq.kèkeZ] dqN egRoiw.kZ ;kSfxd&cksjsDl] cksfjd vEy] cksjkWu gkbMªkbMA ,syqfefu;e&mi;ksx] vEyksa vkSj {kkjksa
ds lkFk vfHkfØ;k,a] mi;ksxA
oxZ 14 ds rRo
rRo&lkekU; ifjp;] bysDVªkfW ud foU;kl] miyCèkrk] xq.kèkeks± dk fopj.k] vkWDlhdj.k voLFkk,a]
jklk;fud vfHkfØ;k'khyrk esa izof` Ùk;ka] lewg ds izFke rRo dk vlaxr O;ogkj] dkcZu&Ük`[a kyu] vij:i] HkkSfrd vkSj
jklk;fud xq.kèkeZ( dqN egÙoiw.kZ ;kSfxdksa ds mi;ksx&vkWDlkbMA
flfydu ds egÙoiw.kZ ;kSfxd vkSj muds mi;ksx&flfydu VsVkª DyksjkbM] flfydksu] flfydsV ,oa ftvksykbVA
,dd&XII % dkcZfud jlk;uµdqN ewy fl¼kar vkSj rduhdsa
(14 ihfj;M)
lkekU; ifjp;] xq.kkRed vkSj ek=kkRed fo'ys"k.k] dh fof/k;ka oxhZdj.k vkSj dkcZfud ;kSfxdksa dh vkbZ-;w-ih,-lh (IUPAC) ukei)frA
90
lgla;kstd vkcaèk esa bysDVªkfW ud foLFkkiu&izjs f.kd izHkko] bysDVªkes jh izHkko] vuqukn vkSj vfrla;Xq euA
lgla;kstd vkcaèk dk leki?kVuh; vkSj fo"ke vi?kVuh; fo[kaMu&eqDr ewyd] dkcksd
Z Vs k;u] dkcsuZ k;u( bysDVªkuW jkxh
¼bysDVªkuW Lusgh½ vkSj ukfHkdjkxh ¼ukfHkd Lusgh½] dkcZfud vfHkfØ;kvksa ds izdkjA
,dd&XIII % gkbMªksdkcZu
(16 ihfj;M)
gkbMªksdkcZuksa dk oxhZdj.k
,sYdsu&ukei)fr] leko;ork] la:i.k ¼dsoy ,Fksu½] HkkSfrd xq.kèkeZ] jklk;fud vfHkfØ;k,a ¼gSykstuu dh eqDrewyd
fØ;kfofèk lfgr½ ngu vkSj mÙkke vi?kVuA
,sYdhu&ukei)fr] f}d~&vkcaèk dh lajpuk ¼,Fkhu½] T;kferh; leko;ork] HkkSfrd xq.kèkeZ] fojpu dh fofèk;k¡(
jklk;fud vfHkfØ;k,a&gkbMªkt
s u] gSykstu] ty vkSj gkbMªkt
s u gSykbM ¼ekdksuZ hdkWQ ;ksxt vkSj ijkWDlkbM izHkko½
dk ;ksxt] vkstksuh vi?kVu] vkWdlhdj.k] bysDVkWujkxh ;ksxt dh fØ;kfofèkA
,sYdkbu&ukei)fr] f=kd&vkcaèk dh lajpuk ¼,Fkkbu½] HkkSfrd xq.kèkeZA fojpu dh fofèk;k¡] jklk;fud
vfHkfØ;k,a&,Ydkbuksa dh vEyh; izÑfr] gkbMªkstu] gSykstu] gSykstu gSykbMksa vkSj ty ds lkFk ;ksxt
vfHkfØ;k,aA
,sjkseSfVd gkbMªksdkcZu&ifjp;] IUPAC ukei)fr( csUthu&vuqukn] ,sjkseSfVdrk( jklk;fud vfHkfØ;k,a
ukbVªksdj.k] lYQksus'ku] gSykstuu] ÝhMsy ØkW¶V~l ,sfYdyu ,oa ,slhfVyu( bysDVªkWu jkxh izfrLFkkiu dh
fØ;k fofèk&eksuks&izfrLFkkfir csUthu esa fdlh izfrLFkk;h lewg dk nSf'kd izHkko( dSaljtuh;rk vkSj
fo"kkDrrkA
,dd&XIV i;kZoj.k jlk;u
(6 ihfj;M)
i;kZoj.k iznw"k.k&ok;q] ty vkSj e`nk iznw"k.k] ok;qeaMy esa jlk;fud vfHkfØ;k,a] èkwe&dksgjk] izeq[k ok;qeaMyh;
iznw"kd] vEyh;&o"kkZ] vkstksu vkSj bldh vfHkfØ;k,a] vkst+ksu&ijr ds {k; vkSj blds izHkko] xzhugkml izHkko
vkSj jsf[kd m"eu&vkS|ksfxd vif'k"Vksa ds dkj.k iznw"k.k] i;kZoj.k iznw"k.k de djus ds fy, gfjr&jlk;u ,d
oSdfYid lkèku dh rjg] i;kZoj.k iznw"k.k dks fu;af=kr djus ds fy, ;kstuk,aA
izk;ksfxd
ijh{kk dh ewY;kadu ;kstuk
iw . kk± d
vk;ruferh; fo'ys"k.k
10
yo.k fo'ys"k.k
6
fo"k;&oLrq vkèkkfjr iz;ksx
4
d{kk dk fjdkMZ rFkk ekSf[kd ijh{kk
5
ifj;kstuk ¼izkstsDV½
5
dqy ;ksx
91
30
izk;ksfxd ikB~;Øe
¼dqy ihfj;M 60½½
¼2 ihfj;M½
¼d½ vkèkkjHkwr iz;ksx'kkyk rduhdsa
1-
dk¡p dh uyh rFkk NM+ dks dkVuk
2-
dk¡p dh uyh dks eksM+uk
3-
dk¡p dk tsV [khapuk
4-
dkWdZ esa Nsn djuk
¼6 ihfj;M½
¼[k½ jklk;fud inkFkks± dk 'kqf)dj.k vkSj vfHky{k.ku
1-
dkcZfud ;kSfxd dk xyukad Kkr djuk
2-
dkcZfud ;kSfxd dk DoFkukad Kkr djuk
3-
fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdlh ,d ds v'kq) uewus dk fØLVyu
,sye ¼fQVdjh½] dkWij lYQsV] csUtksbd vEy
¼x½
pH
(d )
([k )
¼?k½
¼6 ihfj;M½
ij fopkfjr lacafèkr iz;ksx
fuEufyf[kr iz;ksxksa esa ls dksbZ ,d
Qyksa ds jl] vEyks]a {kkjdksa vkSj yo.kksa dh fofHkUu Kkr lkanrz kvksa ds foy;uksa dh
lkfoad lwpd }kjk pH fuèkkZfjr djukA
leku lkanrz k okys izcy vkSj nqcy
Z vEyksa ds foy;uksa dh
izcy vkSj nqcy
Z vEy vkSj izcy {kkjd dh vk;rufefr esa lkfoZd lwpd ds mi;ksx }kjk
dk vè;;uA
pH
pH&i=k
vFkok
dh rqyuk djukA
nqcy
Z vEy vkSj nqcy
Z {kkjd ds izdj.k esa mHk;fu"B vk;u izHkko ds dkj.k
pH
pH
ifjorZu
ifjorZu dk vè;;uA
¼4 ihfj;M½
jlk;fud lkE;
fuEufyf[kr esa ls ,d iz;ksx
¼p½
(d )
Qsfjd vk;uksa vkSj Fkk;kslk;usV vk;uksa ds chp lkE; esa fdlh Hkh vk;u dh lkanrz k c<+kus@?kVkus ls lkE;
ds foLFkkiu dk vè;;uA
([k )
vkSj DyksjkbM vk;uksa ds chp lkE; esa nksuksa vk;uksa esa ls fdlh Hkh vk;u dh lkanrz k
ifjofrZr djus ls lkE; ds foLFkkiu dk vè;;uA
¼16 ihfj;M½
ek=kkRed vkdyu
jlk;fud rqyk dk iz;ksx djukA
vkWDlSfyd vEy dk ekud foy;u cukukA
vkWDlSfyd vEy ds ekud foy;u ls vuqekiu }kjk fn, x, lksfM;e gkbMªkDW lkbM foy;u dh lkanrz k
Kkr djukA
lksfM;e dkcksuZ Vs dk ekud foy;u cukukA
lksfM;e dkcksuZ Vs ds ekud foy;u ls vuqekiu }kjk fn, x, gkbMªkDs yksfjd vEy ds foy;u dh lkanrz k
92
¼N½
Kkr djukA
xq.kkRed fo'ys"k.k
¼ 16 ihfj;M½
fn, x, yo.k esa ,d _.kk;u vkSj ,d èkuk;u Kkr djukA
èkuk;u
_.kk;u
¼uksV vfoys; yo.k vioftZr½
¼t½ fdlh dkcZfud ;kSfxdksa esa vfrfjDr rRoksa ukbVªkstu] lYQj] Dyksjhu] czksehu vkSj vk;ksMhu dh igpku
djuk
¼ 10 ihfj;M½
ifj;kstuk
(10 ihfj;M)
oSKkfud vUos"k.k ftlesa iz;ksx'kkyk ijh{k.k vkSj vU; òksrksa ls lwpuk ,df=kr djuh gksA
izLrkfor ifj;kstuk,a
lYQkbM vk;u dk ijh{k.k djds is; ty esa cSDVhfj;k ds lan"w k.k dh tkap djukA
ty 'kksèku dh fofèk;ksa dk vè;;u
LFkkuh; ifjorZu dh fLFkfr;ksa esa is; ty esa dBksjrk] vk;ju] ¶yqvksjkbM vkSj DyksjkbM bR;kfn dh mifLFkfr
dh tkap djuk vkSj bu vk;uksa dh vuqe;s lhek (permissible limit) ls vfèkd ek=kk esa mifLFkr ¼;fn
gks rks½ ds dkj.k dk vè;;uA
diM+k èkksus ds fofHkUu lkcquksa dh Qsu&dkjh {kerk vkSj ml ij lksfM;e dkcksuZ Vs feykus ds izHkko dh
tkapA
pk; dh ifÙk;ksa ds fofHkUu uewuksa esa vEyh;rk dk vè;;uA
fofHkUu nzoksa dh ok"iu nj dk fuèkkZj.kA
rarv
q ksa dh ruu {kerk ij vEyksa vkSj {kkjdksa ds izHkko dk vè;;uA
Qyksa vkSj lfCt;ksa ds jlksa dh mudh vEyh;rk dk v/;;uA
uksV vU; dksbZ Hkh ifj;kstuk ftlesa yxHkx 10 ihfj;M dk dk;Z lfEefyr gks] f'k{kd dh vuqefr ls p;fur
dh tk ldrh gSA
izLrkfor ikB~;iqLrdsa
1- jlk;u] Hkkx & I ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh- }kjk izdkf'kr] 2006
2- jlk;u] Hkkx & II ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh- }kjk izdkf'kr] 2006
93
ikB~;Øe dh :ijs[kk
d{kk
XII
lS)kafrd
le; % 3 ?k.Vs
,d iz'u&i=k
vfèkdr vad % 70
,dd
,dd
I
Bksl voLFkk
4
,dd
II
foy;u
5
,dd
III
oS|qr~ jlk;u
5
,dd
IV
jklk;fud cyxfrdh
5
,dd
V
i`"B jlk;u
4
,dd
VI
rRoksa ds fu"d"kZ.k ds fl)kar ,oa izØe
3
,dd
VII
p&Cykd
8
,dd
VIII
d&vkSj f&Cykd
,dd
IX
milgla;kstu ;kSfxd
3
,dd
X
gSyks,Ydsu rFkk gSyks,js hu
4
,dd
XI
,YdksgkWy] Q+hukWy ,oa bZFkj
4
,dd
XII
,YMhgkbM] dhVksu ,oa dkcksfZ Dlfyd vEy
6
,dd
XIII
ukbVªkt
s u ;qDr dkcZfud ;kSfxd
4
,dd
XIV
tSo&v.kq
4
,dd
XV
cgqyd
3
,dd
XVI
nSfud thou esa jlk;u
3
ds rRo
5
ds rRo
dqy ;ksx
,dd&I % Bksl voLFkk
70
(12 ihfj;M)
fofHkUu caèku cyksa ds vkèkkj ij Bkslksa dk oxhZdj.k&vkf.od] vk;fud] lgla;kstd vkSj èkkfRod] Bksl] vfØLVyh;
vkSj fØLVyh; Bksl ¼izkjafHkd ifjp;½] fØLVy tkydksa ,oa ,dd dksf"Bdk,a] ,dd dksf"Bdk ds ?kuRo dk ifjdyu
Bkslksa esa ladqyu] fjfDr;ka] ?kuh; ,dd dksf"Bdk esa izfr ,dd dksf"Bdk ijek.kqvksa dh la[;k] fcUnq nks"k] fo|qrh; ,oa
pqca dh; xq.kA
,dd&II % foy;u
(12 ihfj;M)
foy;uksa ds izdkj] Bkslksa ds nzoksa esa cus foy;u dh lkanrz k dks O;Dr djuk] xSlksa dh nzOkksa esa foys;rk] Bksl foy;u]
v.kql[a ; xq.kèkeZ&ok"inkc dk vkisf{kd voueu] DoFkukad dk mUu;u] fgekad dk voueu] ijklj.k nkc] v.kql[a ;
xq.kèkeks± }kjk vkf.od nzO;eku Kkr djuk] vlkekU; vf.od nzO;ekuA
94
,dd&III % oS|rq ~ jlk;u
jsMkWDl vfHkfØ;k,a] oS|rq ~ vi?kVuh foy;uksa dk pkydRo] fof'k"V ,oa eksyj pkydRo] lkanrz k ds lkFk pkydRo
esa ifjorZu] dksyjkÅ'k fu;e] oS|rq vi?kVu vkSj oS|rq ~ vi?kVu ds fu;e ¼izkjafHkd ifjp;½] 'kq"d lsy&oS|rq vi?kVuh
lsy vkSj xSYoSuh lsy] ysM lapk;d] lsy dh emf, ekud bysDVªkMs foHko] usuLZ~ V lehdj.k vkSj jklk;fud lsyksa esa bldk
vuqi;z ksx] b±èku lsy] la{kkj.kA
,dd&IV % jlk;fud cyxfrdh
(12 ihfj;M)
vfHkfØ;k dk osx ¼vkSlr vkSj rkR{kf.kd½] vfHkfØ;k osx dks izHkkfor djus okys dkjd&lkanrz k] rki] mRizjs d(
vfHkfØ;k dh dksfV vkSj vkf.odrk( osx fu;e vkSj fof'k"V nj fLFkjkad] lekdfyr osx lehdj.k vkSj vèkkZ;q ¼dsoy
thjks vkSj izFke dksfV dh vfHkfØ;kvksa ds fy,½ jklk;fud vfHkfØ;kvksa dh nj dk la?kê fl)kar dh voèkkj.kk ¼izkjafHkd
ifjp;] xf.krh; foospuk ugha½
,dd&V % i`"B jlk;u
(8 ihfj;M)
vfèk'kks"k.k&HkkSfrd vfèk'kks"k.k vkSj jlkso'kks"k.k] Bkslksa ij xSlksa ds vfèk'kks"k.k dks izHkkfor djus okys dkjd(
mRizjs .k&lekaxh ,oa fo"kekaxh] lfØ;rk vkSj p;ukRedrk&,Utkbe mRizjs .k] dksykWbMh( okLrfod foy;u] dksykWbM vkSj
fuyac esa foHksn( nzojkxh] nzofojkxh] cgqvkf.od vkSj c`gr vkf.od dksykWbM( dksykWbMksa ds xq.kèkeZ( fVaMy izHkko] czmuh
xfr] oS|rq ~ d.k lapyu] Ldanu] ik;l&ik;lksa ds izdkj
,dd&VI % rRoksa ds fu"d"kZ.k ds fl¼kar ,oa izØe
(ihfj;M)
fu"d"kZ.k ds fl)kar ,oa fofèk;ka&lkan.z k] vkWDlhdj.k] vip;u] oS|rq v
~ i?kVuh fofèk vkSj 'kksèku] ,yqfefu;e] dkWij]
ftad vkSj vk;ju dh miyCèkrk ,oa fu"d"kZ.k ds fl)karA
,dd&VII : P&Cykd ds rRo
(14 ihfj;M)
oxZ &15 ds rRo lkekU; ifjp;] bysDVªkfW ud foU;kl] miyCèkrk] vkWDlhdj.k voLFkk,a HkkSfrd vkSj jklk;fud
xq.kksa esa izof` Ùk;ka] ukbVªkt
s u&fojpu] xq.kèkeZ vkSj mi;ksx( ukbVªkt
s u ds ;kSfxd&veksfu;k vkSj ukbfVªd vEy dk fojpu
vkSj xq.kèkeZ] ukbVªkts u ds vkWDlkbM ¼dsoy lajpuk½( Q+kLQ+kjs l&vij:i( Q+kLQ+kjs l ds ;kSfxd&Q+kLQhu] gSykbMksa
vkSj vkWDlhvEyksa dk fojpu vkSj xq.kèkeZ ¼dsoy izkjafHkd ifjp;½
oxZ &16 ds rRo
rRo&lkekU; ifjp;] bysDVªkfW ud foU;kl] vkDlhdj.k voLFkk,a] miyCèkrk] HkkSfrd vkSj jklk;fud
xq.kksa esa izof` Ùk;ka( MkbvkWDlhtu&fojpu] xq.kèkeZ vkSj mi;ksx( lkekU; vkWDlkbM( vkstksuA lYQj&vi:i( lYQj ds
;kSfxd&lYQj MkbvkWDlkbM dk fojpu] xq.kèkeZ vkSj mi;ksx( lY¶;wfjd vEy&vkS|ksfxd mRiknu dk izØe] xq.kèkeZ vkSj
mi;ksx] lYQj ds vkWDlksvEy ¼dsoy lajpuk,a½
oxZ&17 ds rRo lkekU; ifjp;] bysDVªkfW ud foU;kl] vkWDlhdj.k voLFkk,a] miyC/krk] HkkSfrd vkSj jklk;fud
xq.kksa esa izof` Ùk;ka( gSykstuksa ds ;kSfxd Dyksjhu vkSj gkbMªkDs yksfjd vEy dk fojpu] xq.k/keZ vkSj mi;ksx] varjkgSykstu
;kSfxd] gSykstuksa ds vkWDlksvEy ¼dsoy lajpuk,a½
oxZ&18 ds rRo lkekU; ifjp;] bysDVªkfW ud foU;kl] miyC/krk] HkkSfrd vkSj jlk;fud xq.k/keks± esa izof` Ùk;k¡]
mi;ks x A
95
,dd&VIII
: d-vkSj f
Cykd ds rRo
(14 ihfj;M)
lkekU; ifjp;] bysDVªkfW ud foU;kl] laØe.k /kkrqvksa ds vfHky{k.k vkSj miyC/krk] laØe.k /kkrqvksa dh izFke Js.kh
ds xq.k/keks± esa lkekU; izof` Ùk;k¡ /kkfRod vfHky{k.k] vk;uu ,UFkSYih] vkWDlhdj.k voLFkk,a] vk;uh f=kT;k] o.kZ] mRizjs dh;
xq.k] pqca dh; xq.k/keZ] varjkdk'kh ;kSfxd] feJkrq cukuk( K2Cr2O7 vkSj KMnO4 dk fojpu vkSj xq.k/keZA
ySUFksukW;M
vkdq a p uA
byDVªkWfud foU;kl] vkWDlhdj.k voLFkk,a] jklk;fud vfHkfØ;k'khyrk vkSj ySUFksukW;M
,sfDVukW;M bysDVªkfW ud foU;kl] vkWDlhdj.k voLFkk,aA
,Dd&IX % milgla;kstu ;kSfxd
(12 ihfj;M)
milgla;kstu ;kSfxd ifjp;] fyxUM] milgla;kstu la[;k] o.kZ] pqca dh; xq.k/keZ vkSj vkd`fr;ka] ,ddsna d
z h;
milgla;kstu ;kSfxdksa dk IUPAC ukei)fr ls ukedj.kA vkca/ku( leko;ork] xq.kkRed fo'ys"k.k] /kkrqvksa ds fu"d"kZ.k
vkSj tSfod fudk;ksa esa milgla;kstu ;kSfxdksa dk egRoA
,dd&X % gSyks,sYdsu vkSj gSyks,jhu
gSyks,sYds ukei)fr
fØ;kfofèkA
gSyks,sjhu
izHkko½
C-X
C-X
(12 ihfj;M)
vkca/k dh izd`fr] HkkSfrd vkSj jklk;fud xq.k/keZ] izfrLFkkiu vfHkfØ;kvksa dh
vkca/k dh izd`fr] izfrLFkkiu vfHkfØ;k,a] ¼dsoy eksuks&izfrLFkkfir ;kSfxdksa esa gSykstu dk nSf'kd
MkbDyksjkseFs ksu] VªkbDyksjkseFs ksu] VsVkª DyksjkseFs ksu vk;MksQkWe]Z ÝsvkWu vkSj Mh-Mh-Vh- ds mi;ksx vkSj i;kZoj.k ij izHkkoA
,dd&XI % ,sYdksgkWy] iQ+hukWy vkSj bZFkj
(12 ihfj;M)
,s Y dks g kW y ukei)fr] fojpu dh fof/k;ka] HkkSfrd vkSj jklk;fud xq.k/keZ ¼dsoy izkFkfed ,sYdksgkWyksa ds fy,½(
izkFkfed] f}rh;d ,oa r`rh;d ,YdksgkWyksa dh igpku djuk] futZyu dh fØ;kfof/k] mi;ksx( dqN egÙoiw.kZ ;kSfxd esFksukWy]
,sFksukWyA
Q+hukWy ukei)fr] fojpu dh fof/k;ka] HkkSfrd vkSj jklk;fud xq.k/keZ] QhukWy dh vEyh; izdf` r] bysDVªkuW jkxh izfrLFkkiu
vfHkfØ;k,a] Q+hukWyksa ds mi;ksxA
bZ F kj ukei)fr] fojpu dh fof/k;ka] HkkSfrd vkSj jklk;fud xq.k/keZ] mi;ksxA
,dd&XII % ,sfYMgkbM] dhVksu vkSj dkcksZfDlfyd vEy
(12 ihfj;M)
,sfYMgkbM vkSj dhVksu ukei)fr] dkcksfZ uy lewg dh izdf` r] fojpu dh fof/k;ka] HkkSfrd vkSj jklk;fud xq.k/keZ
vkSj ukfHkdjkxh ;ksxt dh fØ;kfof/k] ,sYMhgkbMksa ds ,sYQk gkbMªkt
s u dh fØ;k'khyrk( mi;ksxA
dkcksZfDlfyd vEy ukei)fr] vEyh; izÑfr] fojpu dh fof/k;ka] HkkSfrd vkSj jklk;fud xq.k/keZ( mi;ksxA
96
,dd&XIII % ukbVªkstu ;qDr dkcZfud ;kSfxd
(10 ihfj;M)
,sehu ukei)fr] oxhZdj.k] lajpuk] fojpu dh fof/k;k¡] HkkSfrd vkSj jklk;fud xq.k/keZ] mi;ksx] izkFkfed ,sehuksa dh
lajpuk] izkFkfed] f}rh;d vkSj r`rh;d ,sehuksa dh igpku djukA
lk;ukbM vkSj vkblkslk;ukbM mfpr LFkkuksa ij lanHkZ esa fn, tk,axAs
Mkb,st+ksfu;e yo.k fojpu] jklk;fud vfHkfØ;k,a vkSj la'ys"k.k dkcZfud jlk;u esa egÙoA
,dd&XIV % tSo v.kq
(12 ihfj;M)
dkcksZgkbMªsM oxhZdj.k ¼,sYMksl vkSj dhVksl½ eksuksld
S js kbM ¼Xywdksl vkSj ÝDVkst½ vksfyxksld
s jS kbM ¼lwØksl] ySDVksl]
ekYVksl½ ikWfylSdjS kbM ¼LVkpZ] lsyy
q ksl] Xykbdkstu½( egRoA
izksVhu α ,sehuksa vEyksa dk izkjafHkd ifjp;( isIVkbM vkca/k] ikWfyisIVkbM] izksVhu izksVhu dh izkFkfed
lajpuk] f}rh;d lajpuk] r`rh;d lajpuk vkSj prq"d lajpuk ¼dsoy xq.kkRed ifjp;½] izksVhuksa dk foÑrhdj.k(
,UtkbeA
foVkfeu oxhZdj.k vkSj izdk;Z
U;wDyhd vEy
DNA
vkSj
RNA
,dd&XV % cgqyd
(8 ihfj;M)
oxhZdj.k izkd`frd vkSj la'ysf"kr] cgqydu dh fof/k;ka ¼;ksxt vkSj la?kuu½] lgcgqydu] dqN egÙoiw.kZ
cgqyd izkd`frd vkSj la'ysf"kr] tSls ikWyhFkhu] ukbykWu] ikWfy,LVj] cSdkykbV] jcjA
,dd&XVIµnSfud thou esa jlk;u
(8 ihfj;M)
vkS"k/kksa esa jlk;u ihM+kgkjh] iz'kkard] iwfrjks/kh] folaØkeh] izfrlw{etSfod] izfrtuu{kerk vkS"k/k] izfrtSfod] izfr&vEy
vkSj izfrfgLVSfeuA
[kk| inkFkks± esa jlk;u ifjj{kd] la'ysf"kr e/kqjd
viektZd lkcqu] laf'y"V viektZd] fueZyu fØ;kA
97
iz k ;ks x d
ijh{kk dh ewY;kadu ;kstuk
iw . kk± d
vk;ruferh; fo'ys"k.k
10
yo.k fo'ys"k.k
6
fo"k;&oLrq vk/kkfjr iz;ksx
4
d{kk fjdkMZ rFkk ekSf[kd ijh{kk
5
ifj;kstuk ¼izktsDV½
5
dqy ;ksx
30
izk;ksfxd ikB~;Øe
¼6 ihfj;M½
¼d½ i`"B jlk;u
v- ,d nzojkxh vkSj ,d nzofojkxh lkWy cukuk
nzojkxh lkWy LVkpZ] vaM ,YC;wful vkSj xksna
nzofojkxh lkWy ,yqfefu;e gkbMªkDlkbM] Qsfjd gkbMªkDlkbM] vklsfZ u;l lYQkbM
c-
ik;lhdj.k deZdksa dh fofHkUu rsyksa ds ik;lksa ds LFkkbZdj.k esa Hkwfedk dk v/;;uA
¼4 ihfj;M½
¼[k½ jklk;fud cyxfrdh
v- lksfM;e Fkk;kslYQsV vkSj gkbMªkDs yksfjd vEy ds chp vfHkfØ;k ij lkanrz k vkSj rki dk izHkko
c-
fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdlh ,d dh vfHkfØ;k nj dk v/;;u
(i)
vk;ksMkbM vk;uksa dh fofHkUu lkanrz kvksa dk iz;ksx djrs gq, vk;ksMkbM vk;uksa dh gkbMªkt
s u ijkWDlkbM
ds lkFk d{k rki ij vfHkfØ;kA
(ii)
LVkpZ foy;u dk lwpd ds :i esa iz;ksx djds iksVfs 'k;e vk;ksMVs ] KIO3 vkSj lksfM;e lYQkbM (Na2SO3)
ds chp vfHkfØ;k ¼DykWd vfHkfØ;k½
¼4 ihfj;M½
¼x½ Å"ekjlk;u
fuEufyf[kr iz;ksxksa esa ls dksbZ ,d
(i)
dkWij lYQsV vFkok iksVfS 'k;e ukbVªVs dh foy;u ,UFkSYihA
(ii)
izcy vEy
(iii)
,slhVksu vkSj DyksjksQkWeZ ds chp vU;ksU;fØ;k ¼gkbMªkt
s u vkca/k cuuk½ esa ,UFkSYih ifjorZu Kkr djukA
(HCI)
vkSj izcy {kkjd
(NaOH)
dh mnklhuhdj.k ,UFkSYihA
¼2 ihfj;M½
¼?k½ oS | q r jlk;u
esa d{k rki ij oS|rq ~ vi?kV~;ksa
lsy&foHko esa ifjorZu dk v/;;uA
98
(CuSO4
vFkok
ZnSO4)
dh lkanrz k ifjorZu ds lkFk
¼ 2 ihfj;M½
¼p½ o.kZ y s [ ku ¼Øks e S V ks x z s Q h½
1-
ifÙk;ksa vkSj Qwyksa ds lRo ls isij&ØkseVS ksxQ
Sz h }kjk o.kZdksa dk i`FkDdu vkSj
2-
vdkcZfud feJ.k ds dsoy nks /kuk;u;qDr la?kVdksa dk i`FkDduA
Rf
eku Kkr djukA
¼Rf ekuksa esa i;kZIr vurj okys la?kVd fn, tk,a½
¼ 4 ihfj;M½
¼N½ vdkcZfud ;kSfxdksa dk fojpu
1-
f}yo.k cuuk&Qsjl veksfu;e lYQsV vFkok iksVk'k ,sye
2-
iksVfS 'k;e Qsfjd vkWDlSyVs cukuk
¼ 4 ihfj;M½
¼t½ dkcZfud ;kSfxdksa dk fojpu
fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdUgha nks ;kSfxdksa dk fojpu
1-
,slhVsfuykbM
2-
Mkb&csUt+y ,slhVksu
3-
p&ukbVªks,slhVsfuykbM
4-
,sfuyhu ;syks ;k 2&us¶FkkWy ,sfuyhu jatd
5-
vk;ksMksQkWeZ
¼ 6 ihfj;M½
¼>½ dkcZfud ;kSfxd esa mifLFkr izdk;kZRed lewg dk ijh{k.k
vlarf` Ir ,sYdksgkWyh] Q+huksfyd] ,sfMygkbMh] dhVksfud] dkcksfDlfyd vkSj ,sehuks ¼izkFkfed½ lewg
¼V½ 'kq) uewuksa esa dkcksZgkbMªsV] olk vkSj izksVhu dk vfHkykf{kf.kd ijh{k.k vkSj fn, x, [kk| inkFkZ esa
budh mifLFkfr dh tkap djukA
¼ 4 ihfj;M½
¼B½ fuEufyf[kr ds ekud foy;uksa }kjk vuqekiu esa
Kkr djukA
1-
vkWDlSfyd vEy
2-
Qs j l veks f u;e lYQs V
KMnO4
ds foy;u dh lkanzrk@eksyjrk
¼ 8 ihfj;M½
¼fo|kFkhZ Lo;a rksy dj ekud foy;u cuk,axs½
¼ M ½ xq . kkRed fo'ys " k.k
¼14 ihfj;M½
fn, x, yo.k esa ,d /kuk;u vkSj ,d _.kk;u dks Kkr djuk
/kuk;u
_.kk;u
¼uksV&vfoy; yo.k viof.kZr½
ifj;kstuk
oSKkfud vUos"k.k ftlesa iz;ksx'kkyk ijh{k.k vkSj vU; òksr ls lwpuk ,df=kr djuh lfEefyr gksA
99
izLrkfor ifj;kstuk,a %
idus dh fofHkUu voLFkkvksa esa ve:n ds Qy esa vkWDlSyVs vk;uksa dh mifLFkfr dk v/;;uA
nw/k ds fofHkUu uewuksa esa dslhu dh ek=kk dk v/;;uA
lks;kchu nw/k cukuk vkSj ngh cuus ,oa rki ds izHkko bR;kfn dh n`f"V ls] bldh rqyuk izkd`frd nw/k ls
djukA
fofHkUu ifjfLFkfr;ksa ¼tSls rki] lkanrz k] le; bR;kfn½ esa [kk| ifjj{kd ds :i esa iksVfS 'k;e ckblYQkbV
ds izHkko dk v/;;uA
ykj ds ,sfeyst }kjk LVkpZ ds ikpu dk v/;;u vkSj bl ij
fuEufyf[kr inkFkks± ds fd.kou dh nj dk rqyukRed v/;;u
pH
,oa rki dk izHkkoA
xsg¡w dk vkVk] pus dk vkVk ¼cslu½] vkyw dk jl] xktj dk jl bR;kfnA
lkSQ
a ] vtok;u] vkSj byk;ph esa mifLFkr ok"ih'khy rsyksa ¼lxa/k rsy½ dk fu"d"kZ.kA
olk] rs y ] eD[ku] 'kdZ j k] gYnhpw . kZ ] fepZ pw . kZ vkS j dkyh fepZ es a lkekU; [kk| vifeJdks a dk
vè;;uA
uks V
vU; dksbZ Hkh ifj;kstuk ftlesa yxHkx 10 ihfj;M dk dk;Z lfEefyr gks] f'k{kd@f'kf{kdk dh vuqefr
ls p;fur djh tk ldrh gSA
izLrkfor ikB~;iqLrdsa
1- jlk;u] Hkkx & I ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh- }kjk izdkf'kr] 2007
2- jlk;u] Hkkx & II ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh- }kjk izdkf'kr] 2007
100
9- thofoKku (dksM la[;k 044)
izLrqr ikB;Øe
fuEurj d{kkvksa esa vkjaHk dh xbZ fopkj /kkjkvksa dks vkSj vf/kd cy iznku djrk gSA fo"k; ds lelkef;d
{ks=kksa esa ifjfpr gksus ds lkFk&lkFk] fo|kFkhZ ubZ&ubZ ladYiukvksa dks Hkh lh[krs gSaA izLrqr ikB~;Øe dk ;g Hkh mís';
jgk gS fd mlesa tarqvksa vkSj ikS/kksa nksuksa esa gh lkekU; :i ls fufgr fl)karksa dks egRo fn;k tk, vkSj lkFk gh
Kku&foKku ds vU; fo"k;ksa ds lkFk thofoKku ds laca/kksa dks Hkh mtkxj fd;k tk,A ikB~;Øe dks bl izdkj rS;kj
fd;k x;k gS rkfd fdlh izdkj ds nq%lká ifjorZuksa dk lekos'k fd, ox+Sj] mlesa ladYiukvksa dk ljy] Li"V] rdZlaxr
izokg cuk jgsA ikB~;Øe esa bl ckr ij Hkh cy fn;k x;k gS fd tho foKku ds v/;;u ds lkFk thou dh okLrfod
leL;kvksa ds vkSj fnu&izfrfnu ds thou esa mldk laca/k] i;kZoj.k] izd`fr] fpfdRlk] LokLF; vkSj d`f"k ds {ks=kksa esa
gks jgha thooSKkfud laca/kh vfHkuo 'kks/kksa ds lkFk cuk jgsA la'kksf/kr ikB~;Øe esa fo|kfFkZ;ksa ij iM+us okys cks>
dks de djus ij cy fn;k x;k gSA ,slk djrs le; bl ckr dh iwjh&iwjh xqat+kb'k j[kh xbZ gS fd fo|kFkhZ dks fo"k;
dks tkuus&lh[kus ds rFkk mlesa fufgr vk/kkjHkwr ladYiukvksa ds egRo dks le>us ds fy, i;kZIr volj miyC/
k gks ldsaA
vk'kk dh tkrh gS fd izLrqr ikB~;Øe esa
thofoKku ds ewyHkwr fl)karksa dks le>us ds fy, izkRs lkgu feysxkA
fo|kFkhZ mHkjrs gq, Kku&foKku dks rFkk vyx&vyx O;fDr;ksa ds fy, ,d lekt ds fy, mldh izklafxdrk
le> ldsAa
tula[;k] i;kZoj.k vkSj fodkl ls lacfa /kr fo"k;ksa ds izfr foosdiw.kZ@rdkZ/kkj euksof` r dks izkRs lkgu feysxkA
i;kZoj.kijd fo"k;ks]a leL;kvksa vkSj muds leqfpr lek/kkuksa ds izfr tkx:drk dks vkSj vfèkd izfs jr
djukA
fo|kFkhZ ltho txr~ dh fofo/krkvksa vkSj foi.kuksa dks le>us ds fy, tkx:d gks ldsxk] rFkk ;g tku
ldsxk fd thooSKkfud tfVyrk,a Hkh ewyr% lky izfØ;kvksa ij gh vk/kkfjr gksrh gSAa
vk'kk dh tkrh gS fd fo|kFkhZ ikB~;Øe esa 'kkfey fofHkUu 'kk[kkvksa dks vf/kd izklafxd rkSj ij ,oa vuqdy
w
<ax ls le> ldsxa As
101
ikB~;Øe&lajpuk
d{kk
iz'u&i=k
XI
¼lS)kafrd½
le; % 3 ?k.Vs
vfèkdr vad % 70
1.
ltho txr dh fofo/krk
07
2.
tarqvksa vkSj ikS/kksa dh lajpukRed la?kVuk
12
3.
dksf'kdk % lajpuk ,oa dk;Z
15
4.
ikni dkf;Zdh
18
5.
ekuo dkf;Zdh
18
dqy
I.
ltho txr~ dh fofo/krk
70
(25 ihfj;M)
tho/kkfj;ksa esa fofo/krk
tho/kkfj;ksa dk oxhZdj.k ¼ikap txr~ oxhZdj.k] ize[q k lewg] vkSj izR;sd txr~ ds oxhZdj.k ds fl)kar½A
oxhZdj.k foKku vkSj ukei)fr dk f}uke&ra=k&tarv
q ksa ds ize[q k y{k.k vd'ks:fd;ksa ds txr~ Lrj rd
vkSj d'ks:fd;ksa ds oxZ Lrj rd] vkSj ikS/kksa ds izeq[k y{k.kA ¼izeq[k lewg( ,sfa t;ksLieks± ds oxks± rd½ dk
oxhZdj.k] ok;jl] ok;jkW;M ,oa ykdsu
ikni m|ku] gosfZ u;e] izkf.k&ikdZ vkSj E;wft;e
II.
tarqvksa vkSj ikS/ksa dh lajpukRed la?kVuk
(30 ihfj;M)
tarqvksa vkSj ikS/kksa ds ÅrdA
iq"ih ikniksa ds fofHkUu Hkkxksa ¼tM+] ruk] iÙkh] iq"i=kd] iq"i] Qy vkSj cht+½ dh vkdkfjdh] 'kjhj jpuk
¼'kjhj½ vkSj dk;ZA
,d ,sufs yM ¼dsp
a v
q k½] ,d dhV ¼frypêk½ vkSj ,d ,sfEQfo;d ¼es<+d½ dh vkdkfjdh] 'kjhj jpuk vkSj
dk;ZA
III.
dksf'kdk % lajpuk ,oa dk;Z
(40 ihfj;M)
dksf'kdk % dksf'kdk&fl)kar] izkd~dUs nzdh vkSj lqdUs nzdh dksf'kdk,a( dksf'kdk&fHkfÙk] dksf'kdk&f>Yyh vkSj
dksf'kdk&vaxd ¼IykfLVd] ekbVksdksfUMª;k] ,aMksIykTeh tkyd] xkWyeh fiaM@fMfDV;kslkse] jkbckslkse] /kfu;ka]
rkjd&dsUnz½ ,oa dsUnzdh; la?kVukA
lelw=kh foHkktu] v/kZl=w kh foHkktu] dksf'kdk&pØ
tho/kkfj;ksa ds 'kjhj ds ewyHkwr jlk;fud la?kVd
dkcksgZ kbMªVs ks]a izkVs huks]a fyfiMksa vkSj U;wDyhbd vEyksa dh lajpuk ,oa dk;Z
,at+kbe( izdkj] xq.k/keZ vkSj dk;Z
102
IV.
ikni dkf;Zdh
(40 ihfj;M)
ty] Hkkstu] iks"k.k inkFkks± vkSj xSlksa dk lapyu( ikS/ks vkSj ty&[kfut iks"k.k] 'olu] izdk'k la'ys"k.k]
ikni o`f) vkSj ifjo/kZuA
V ekuo dkf;Zdh
(45 ihfj;M)
ikpu vkSj vo'kks"k.k
lkal ysuk rFkk 'olu
nsgrjy vkSj ifjlapj.k
mRlthZr mRikn vkSj fu"dklu
lapyu vkSj xfr
raf=kdh; fu;a=k.k vkSj leUo;u
¼izk;ksfxd½
le; % 3 ?k.Vs
1.
iz;ksx ,oa LiksfVax
2.
3.
iw.kk±d % 30
60 ihfj;M
20
vad
,d vUos"k.kkRed izkt
s Ds V dks rS;kj djuk vkSj mlh izkt
s Ds V ij
vk/kkfjr ekSf[kd ijh{kk
5
vad
Dykl&fjdkMZ vkSj fofHkUu iz;ksxksa ij vk/kkfjr ekSf[kd iz'u
5
vad
30
va d
dqy ;ksx
A.
iz;ksxksa dh lwph
1-
rhu lkekU; iq"ih ikS/kksa ¼lksySuSlh] QscSlh vkSj fyfy,slh½ dk v/;;u ,oa o.kZuA tM+ksa ds izdkj
¼ewlyk vFkok voLFkkfud½] ruk ¼'kk[kh;½] iÙkh ¼O;oLFkk@pkSM+h vkd`fr@f'kjkfoU;kl@ljy vFkok
la;qDr½A
2-
f}oht i=kh vkSj ,d chti=kh tM+ksa vkSj ruksa dh vuqizLFk dkV rS;kj djuk vkSj mudk vè;;u
djukA
3-
vkyw ds ijklj.kekih }kjk ijklj.k
4-
,fiMfeZlh fNydksa mnkgj.k % fjFkks ifÙk;ksa esa Iykuksfll
5-
ifÙk;ksa dh Åijh vkSj fupyh lrgksa ij ja/kzkas ds forj.k dk v/;;u djukA
6-
ifÙk;ksa dh Åijh vkSj fupyh lrgksa ij ok"iksRltZu dh nj dk v/;;u djukA
7-
'kdZjk] LVkpZ] izkVs huksa vkSj olkvksa dh mifLFkfr ds fy, ijh{k.k djukA mi;qDr ikni vkSj tarq inkFkks±
esa budh ekStnw xh Kkr djukA
(Onioin)
103
izfØ;k dk v/;;u djukA
(plamolysis)
izfØ;k dk v/;;u djukA
8-
isij ØkseVS ksxkz Qh }kjk ikni o.kZdksa dks izFkd djukA
9-
iq"i&eqdy
q ksa vkSj vadjq .k'khy chtksa esa 'olu dh nj dk v/;;u djukA
10- LVkpZ ij ykj&,ekbyst ds izHkko dk v/;;u djukA
11- ew=k esa ;wfj;k] ,sYdqfeu] vkSj fiÙk yo.kksa dh mifLFkfr Kkr djukA
B.
fuEufyf[kr (LikWfVax) dk v/;;u@izs{k.k
1-
la;Dq r lw{en'khZ ds Hkkxksa dk v/;;u djukA
2-
izfr:iksa dk v/;;u vkSj dkj.k crkrs gq, mudh igpku djukA thok.kq] vkWlhySVksfj;k] Likbjkstkbl]
jkbtksil] e'k#e] ;hLV] fyojoVZ] ekWl] QuZ] ikbu] ,d ,dchti=kh ikS/kk] vkSj ,d f}ohti=kh
ikS/kk] rFkk ,d ykbdsuA
3-
izfr:iksa dk v/;;u vkSj dkj.k crkrs gq, mudh igpku djuk % vehck] gkbMªk] fyoj¶ywd]
,sLdSfjd] tksad] dsapqvk] >haxk] js'kedhV] e/kqeD[kh] ?kksa?kk] LVkjfQ'k] 'kkdZ] jksgw] esa<+d] fNidyh]
dcwrj] [kjxks'kA
4-
Årdksa dk rFkk ikni ,oa tarq dksf'kdkvksa dh vkd`fr;ksa esa ikbZ tkus okyh fofo/krk dk v/;;u
djukA mnkgj.k ds fy,] iSfylsM dksf'kdk,a] }kj dksf'kdk,a] iSjsUdkbe] dksysUdkbek] LosysjsUdkbek]
tkbyu] ¶yksLe] 'kYdh ,fiFkhfy;e] is'kh&js'ks] vkSj Lru/kkjh ds :f/kj dh fQYe dh IykbMA
bl v/;;u ds fy, vLFkk;h@LFkk;h IykbMksa dk iz;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gSA
5-
LFkk;h LykbMksa dh lgk;rk ls I;kt dh f>Yyh dh dksf'kdkvksa vkSj tarq fVM~Ms dh dksf'kdkvksa
esa lelw=kh foHkktu dk v/;;uA
6-
tM+] rus vkSj ifÙk;ksa ds fofHkUu :ikarj.kksa dk v/;;uA
7-
fofHkUu izdkj ds iq"iQyksa dks igpkuuk rFkk mudk v/;;u djukA
8-
chtksa@fd'kfe'k esa var%'kks"k.k izfØ;k dk v/;;u djukA
9-
fuEufyf[kr lsV vi dk izs{k.k vkSj muij fVIi.kh fy[kukA
(a)
vok;oh; 'olu
(b)
iz d k'k&la ' ys " k.k
(c)
'kh"kZLFk dfydk fudkyuk
(d)
ok"iksRltZu ds dkj.k gksuk] oky Hkw"k.k
10- ekuo dadky dk rFkk fofHkUu izdkj dh laf/k;ksa dk v/;;u djukA
11- ekWMyks@a ifjf{kr izfr:iksa dh lgk;rk ls dsp
a ,q ] frypês vkSj es<a +d dh cká vkdkfjdksa dk vè;;u djukA
izLrkfor ikB~;iqLrdsa
thofoKku] ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh- }kjk izdkf'kr
104
ikB~;Øe&lajpuk
d{kk& XII
le; % 3 ?k.Vs
,d iz'u i=k
ihfj;M % 70
1.
tuu
14
vad
2.
vkuqofa 'kdh vkSj fodkl
18
vad
3.
izkf.kfoKku vkSj ekud dY;k.k
14
vad
4.
tSoizk|
S ksfxdh vkSj mlds vuqi;z ksx
10
vad
5.
ikfjfLFkfrdh vkSj i;kZoj.k
14
vad
70
va d
dqy ;ksx
,dd
I
% tuu
thoksa esa tuu % vySfa xd vkSj ySfa xd tuuA
iq"ih ikS/kksa esa ySafxd tuu % iq"i dh lajpuk] ijkx.k] fo"kspu] chtksa vkSj Qyksa dk ifjo/kZu] vlaxturk
(apomatis) vkSj cgqHkz.w krkA
ekuo tuu % L=kh vkSj iq#"k esa tuu&ra=k] jtkspØ] ;qXedksa dk cuuk] fu"kspu] varjksiZ .k] Hkz.w k dk ifjo/
kZu] xHkkZoLFkk] izlo vkSj nqX/kòo.kA
tuu LokLF; % tula[;k vkSj larfr&fu;a=k.k( xHkZ&fujks/k vkSj
,dd
II
MTP
;kSu&laØfer jksx] tuu&v{kerkA
% vkuqoaf'kdh vkSj fodkl
esUMsyh; oa'kkxfr
oa'kkxfr dk xq.klw=kh fl)kar] esUMsyh; vuqikr ls fopyu ¼thu ikjLifjd fØ;k&viw.kZ izHkkfor] lg&izHkkfork]
xq.kukRed fodYih½
ekuoksa esa fyax&fu/kkZj.k %
XX, XY
lgyXurk vkSj thu&fofue;
oa'kkxfr&izfr:i % ekuoksa esa esUMsyh; O;frØe vkSj xq.klw=kh O;frØe
DNA
vkSj
RNA,
vkuqofa 'kd inkFkZ ds fy, [kkst] izfrÑfr;u] vuqy[s ku] vkuqofa 'kdksa dksM] vuq:i.k
thu&vfHkO;fDr vkSj fu;eu
thukse vkSj ekuo thukse izkt
s Ds V
DNA
fQaxjfizfVax
fodkl % thoksRifÙk] fl)kar ,oa izek.k
vuqdy
w h fofdj.k] fodkl&iz.kkyh
ekuo dk mRlo vkSj fodkl
105
,dd
III
% izkf.kfoKku ,oa ekuo&dY;k.k
izfrj{kk foKku dh ewyHkwr ladYiuk,a] Vhds
jksxtud] ijthoh
dSl
a j vkSj
AIDS
;kSoukoLFkk vkSj u'khys inkFkks±@efnjk dk vfriz;ksx
i'kqikyu
ikni&iztuu] Ård&lao/kZu] ,dy dksf'kdk&izkVs hu] [kk|&mRiknu
?kjsyw [kk| lalk/kuksa esa lw{etho] vk|kSfxd mRikn] eyty&mipkj] ÅtkZ&mRiknu] tSofu;a=k.k&dkjd vkSj
tSomoZjd
,dd
IV
% tSoizks|kSfxdh vkSj mlds vuqiz;ksx
fl)kar ,oa izfØ;k,a( iqu;ksxZ t DNA rduhd( LokLFk; vkSj d`f"k&{ks=kksa esa vuqi;z ksx( vkuqofa 'kdh; :ikarfjr
(GM) tho( tSolqj{kk leL;k,aA
,dd
V
% ikfjfLFkfrdh vkSj i;kZoj.k
ikfjra=k % la?kVd] izdkj] ÅtkZ&izokg] iks"k.k&pØ vkSj ikfjra=k lsok,a( tho vkSj lefLV % tho vkSj muds
i;kZoj.k] lefLV vkSj ikfjfLFkfrd vuqdy
w uA fofo/krk ds dsUnz vkSj tSofofo/krk dk laj{k.k] vkjf{kr
{ks=k] jk"Vªh; ikdZ vkSj vH;kj.k] i;kZojdijd leL;k,aA
izk;ksfxd
,d iz'u i=k
1.
nks iz;ksx
2.
XII
le; % 3 ?k.Vs
ihfj;M % 60
4+4=8
vad
LykbM rS;kj djuk
5
vad
3.
LikWfVax
7
vad
4.
vUos"k.kkRed izkt
s Ds V vkSj izkt
s Ds V ij vk/kkfjr ekSf[kd ijh{kk
5
vad
5.
fjdkWMZ vkSj iz;ksx ij vk/kkfjr ekSf[kd ijh{kk
5
vad
30
va d
dqy ;ksx
iz;ksxksa dh lwph %
1-
fn, x, iq"i dk foPNsnu dhft, vkSj mlds fofHkUu Hkkxksa dk izn'kZu dhft,A ijkxdks"k vkSj vaMk'k;
dk foPNsnu dhft, rkfd d{kksa dh la[;k n'kkZ;h tk ldsA
2-
LykbM ij ijkx&vadjq .k dk v/;;u dhft,A
106
PH,
3-
fofHkUu LFkyksa ls e`nk ,df=kr dhft, rFkk mldk v/;;u dhft,] e`nk dh cukoV] ueh
/kkj.k {kerk dk v/;;u dhft,A
4-
vius vkl&ikl ds nks vyx&vyx tyk'k;ksa ls ikuh ,df=kr dhft, vkSj ikuh ds
ekStnw fdlh izdkj ds thfor thoksa dk v/;;u dhft,A
5-
nks O;kid :i ls fHkUu LFkyksa dh ok;q esa fuyafcr df.kd inkFkZ dh mifLFkfr dk v/;;u dhft,A
6-
DokMªVS fof/k }kjk ikni&lef"V ?kuRo dk v/;;u dhft,A
7-
DokMªVS fof/k }kjk ikni&lef"V izkf;drk dk v/;;u dhft,A
8-
lelw=kh foHkktu dk v/;;u djus ds fy, I;kt dh f>Yyh dh ,d vLFkk;h LykbM rS;kj dhft,A
9-
LVkpZ ij ykj&,sekbyst dh lfØ;rk ij fofHkUu rkiekuksa vkSj rhu vyx&vyx
v/;;u dhft,A
PH,
PH
vkSj ty
LoPNrk ,oa mlesa
ekuksa ds izHkko dk
fuEufyf[kr dk vè;;u@izs{k.k dhft, (LiksfVax)
1-
fofHkUu dkjdksa ¼ok;q] dhV½ ds }kjk ijkx.k ds fy, iq"iksa esa ik, tkus okys vuqdy
w uksa dk vè;;u dhft,A
2-
,d LFkk;h LykbM dh lgk;rk ls ofrZdkxz ij ijkx&vadjq .k dk v/;;u dhft,A
3-
LFkk;h LykbMksa dh lgk;rk ls] vFkkZr~ o`"k.k vkSj vaMk'k;ksa dh vuqiLz Fk dkVksa ls ;qXed ifjoèkZu dh fofHkUu
voLFkkvksa dk v/;;u dhft,A
4-
LFkk;h LykbM dh lgk;rk ls I;kt dh ;qdy
q &dksf'kdk vFkok fVM~Ms ds o`"k.k esa v/kZl=w kh foHkktu dk v/
;;u dhft,A
5-
LFkk;h LykbM dh lgk;rk ls CykLVqyk dh vuqiLz Fk dkV dk v/;;u dhft,A
6-
fdlh ikS/ks ds fofHkUu jax@vkdkj ds chtksa ds tfj, esUMsyh; oa'kkxfr dk v/;;u dhft,A
7-
rS;kj 'kqnk oa'kkoyh pkVks± dh lgk;rk vkuqofa 'kd fo'ks"krkvksa ¼tSls thHk dks xksy&xksy jksy djuk] :f/
kj lewg] foMkslhd] dk v/;;u dhft,A
8-
fu;af=kr ijkx.k] oa/;hdj.k] VSfa xx vkSj cSfxax ij vH;kl
9-
LFkk;h ,ykbMksa vFkok izfr:iksa dh lgk;rk ls jksx&mRiUu djus okys lkekU; thoks]a tSls ,sLdSfjl] ,aVvehck]
iykLeksfM;e] fjaxo;Z dks igpkfu,A muds }kjk mRiUu jksxksa ds y{k.kksa ij fVIi.kh fyf[k,A
10- e:nfHknh ifjfLFkfr esa ik, tkus okys nks ikS/kksa vkSj nks tarv
q ksa dk v/;;u dhft,A muds vkdkfjdhijd
vuqdy
w uksa ij fVIi.kh fyf[k,A
11- tyh; ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa ik, tkus okys ikS/kksa vkSj tarv
q ksa dk v/;;u dhft,A muds vkdkfjdhijd vuqdy
w uksa
ij fVIi.kh fyf[k,A
12- fofHkUu ikS/kksa vkSj tarv
q ksa esa leo`fr vkSj letkr vaxksa dk v/;;u dhft,A
izLrkfor ikB~;iqLrdsa
thofoKku] ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh- }kjk izdkf'kr
107
10. BIOTECHNOLOGY (Code No. 045)
An unprecedented growth of human knowledge in the field of Biological Sciences coupled with
equally significant developments in the field of technology have brought significant changes into existing
social and economic systems. The emerging field of Biotechnology is likely to further enhance the applications of Science and Technology in the service of human welfare. Modern Biotechnology processes encompass a wide range of new products such as antibiotics, vaccines, monoclonal antibodies and many
more. Furthermore, developments in recombinant DNA technology have yielded numerous new useful
products in the fields of health care and agriculture.
The present syllabus takes care of all these aspects. Due emphasis has been laid on familiarizing the
learners with the fundamental concepts, basic techniques and their applications. It is expected that the
knowledge gained through the study of different topics and the skills acquired through the prescribed
practical work will make the learners competent to meet the challenges of academic as well as professional
courses after studying the subject at senior secondary stage.
OBJECTIVES
The broad objectives of teaching Biotechnology at senior secondary level are:;
Tb help the learners know and understand basic facts and concepts in the subject at elementary
stage.
To expose the students to different basic processes and basic techniques used in Biotechnology
To farmiliarize the learners to understand the relationship of the subject to health, nutrition, environment, agriculture and industry etc.
To develop conceptual competence in the learners so as to cope up with professional courses in
future career.
To acquaint students with different applications of Biotechnology in everyday life.
To develop an interest in students to study biotechnology as a discipline.
Course Structure
Class XI
(Theory)
One Paper (Three Hours)
Unit I
Introduction to Biotechnology
Fundamentals of Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology and Society
Unit II Biomolecules
Building Blocks of Biomolecules-Structure and dynamics
Structure and function of Macromolecules.
Biochemical Techniques
Unit III Cell and Development
The basic unit of life
Cell Growth and development
Cellular Techniques
108
70 Marks
10
20
20
U nit IV Genetics and Molecular Biology
Principles of Genetics
Genome Function
Genetical Techniques
20
PRACTICALS
Note: Every student is required to do the following experiments during the academic session.
1. Preparation of buffers and pH determination.
2. Sterlization techniques (Wet and Dry Sterlization, Chemical sterlization and Utrafiltration.
3. Media preparation (Solid and Liquid LB medium)
..
4. Isolation of bacteria from curd and staining of bacteria.
5. Determination of bacterial growth curve.
6. Study of various stages of mitosis and calculation of mitotic index. 7. Preparation of Karyotype.
8. Cell counting (using Haemocytometer)
9. Isolation of genomic DNA.
10. Detection of DNA. by gel electrophoresis.
11. Isolation of milk protein (casein)
12. Estimation of protein by Biuret method.
13. Assaying the enzyme acid phosphate.
Scheme of Evaluation:
Time: 3 Hours
Max. Marks 30
The scheme of evaluation at the end of session will be as under:
Two experiments
:
20 Marks
Viva on experimens
:
5 Marks
Practical record
:
5 Marks
(THEORY)
One paper
Time: 3Hours
Total Marks : 70
Unit V: Protein and Gene Manipulation
Marks 40
Chapter I: Protein Structure and Engineering
Introduction to the world of Proteins
3-D Shape of Proteins
Structure Function relationship in Proteins
Purification of Proteins
Characterization of Proteins
Protein based products ,
Designing Proteins
Proteomics
15 Marks
109
Chapter II: Recombinant DNA Technology
Introduction
Tools of rDNA Technology
Making Recombinant DNA
DNA Library
Introduction of Recombinant DNA into host cells
Identification of recombinants
Polymerase Chains Reaction (PCR)
DNA Probes
Hybridization Techniques
DNA Sequencing
Site-directed mutagenesis
15 Marks
Chapter III: Genomics and Bioinformatics
Introduction
Genome Sequencing Projects
Gene Production and counting
Genome similarity, SNP’s and comparative genomics
Functional Genomics
History of Bioinformatics
Sequences and Nomenclature
Information Sources
Analysis using Bioinformatics tools.
10 Marks
Unit VI: Cell Culture Technology
Chapter I: Microbial Culture and Applications
Introduction
Microbial Culture Techniques
Measurement and Kinetics of microbial Growth
Scale up of microbial process
Isolation of microbial products
Strain isolation and Improvement
Applications of microbial culture technology
Bioethics in microbial technology
10 Marks
Chapter II: Plant Cell Culture and Applications
Introuction
Cell and Tissue Culture Techniques
Applications of Cell and Tissue Culture
Gene Transfer Methods in Plants
Transgenic Plants with Beneficial Traits
Diagnostics in Agriculture and Molecular Breeding
Bioethics in Plant Genetic Engineering
10 Marks
110
Chapter III: Animal Cell Culture and Applications
Introduction
Animal Cell Culture Techniques
Characterisation of Cell Lines
Scale-up of Animal Culture Process
Applications of Animal Cell Culture
Stem Cell Technology
Bioethics of Genetic Engineering in Animals
10 Marks
Practicals
Note: Every student will be required to do the following experiments during the academic session
List of Experiments
1. Isolation of bacterial plasmid DNA and its detection by gel. eletrophoresis
2. Restriction digestion of plasmid DNA and its analysis by gel electrophoresis
3. Bacterial transformation using any plasmid
4. Data retrival and data base search using internet site NCBI
5. Download a DNA and protein sequence from internet, analyse and comment on it.
6. Cell viability assay (using Evans blue Stain)
7. Determination of blood groups. .’
8. Estimation of DNA
9. Ion-exchange chromatography for proteins.
10. Reading of a DNA sequencing gel and arrive at the sequence.
11. Estimation of blood glucuse by enzymatic method (GODIPOD)
12. Project work.
Scheme of Evaluation:
Time: 3 Hours
Max. Marks 30
The scheme of evaluation at the end of the session will be as under:
A. Two experiments
:
6+6 (only one computer bassed practical)
Practical record
:
04
Viva on Practicals
:
04
B. Project work
Write up
:
05
Viva on project
:
05
Total 30
Recommended Books:
1. A Textbook of Biotechnology-Class XI: published by CBSE, New Delhi.
2. A Laboratory Manual of Biotechnology-Class XI:published by CBSE, New Delhi.
3. A Textbook of Biotechnology-Class XII: published by CBSE, New Delhi
4. A Laboratory Manual of Biotechnology-Class XII: published by CBSE, New Delhi.
111
11- vfHk;kaf=kdh js[kkfp=k] bUthfu;fjax Mªkbax
(dksM ua- 046)
vktdy bUthuh;fjax Mªkbax dk fo"k; lHkh bathfu;jksa] rduhdh fo'ks"kKksa] vkfdZVsDVksa] Mªk¶VLeSuksa]
ljos;jks]a fMtkbujksa ,oa vU; O;kolkf;dksa ds fy, cgqr egÙoiw.kZ gks x;k gSA blds ewy fl)kUrksa dks HkyhHkkafr
le>uk rFkk bldk] vU; dbZ {ks=kksa ,oa lkekU; thou dh nSfud ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa O;kid iz;ksx dj ikuk
lhfu;j lsd.Mjh ds ikB~;Øe dh fo"k;oLrq vk/kkj j[kk x;k gSA lhfu;j Ldwy ikB~;Øe esa bathfu;fjax
Mªkbax ds fo"k; dk v/;;u fuEu mís';ksa dh izkfIr gsrq j[kk x;k gS
oLrqvksa ds vkdkj] vuqikr vkSj iz;ksx ds leqfpr Kku ,oa dYiuk dks le> ikukA
rhu vk;keh dks vkSj nks vk;keh oLrqvksa dks dykRed <ax ls O;kolkf;d Hkk"kk esa dq'kyrk ls
crk ikukA
rRdky dk;Z {ks=kksa dh ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa oLrqvksa ds lkQ&lkQ eqDr gLr js[kkfp=kksa dks cuk ikukA
^Bksl T;kfefr* rFkk ^e'khu vkys[ku dks Hkyh&Hkkafr le>dj] mUgsa vk/kqfud {ks=kksa] tSls rduhdh
rFkk m|ksxksa esa n{krk ls iz;ksx dj ikukA
Mªkbax ds midj.kksa ds iz;ksx esa xfr rFkk ifj'kq)rk izkIr dj ysukA
ikB~ ; Øe la j puk
d{kk 11
(lS¼kfUrd)
,d iz'u i=k
le; % 3 ?k.Vs
vad % 70
bdkbZ
va d
lery&T;kfefr
1- js[kkvksa] dks.kksa rFkk Hkqtkvksa okys fp=kksa dh jpukA
2- o`Ùk] v/kZ&o`Ùk vkSj Li'kZ js[kkvksa dh jpukA
3- bfyIl] iSjkcksyk] buoksY;wV] lkbDykbM] gsfyDl vkSj lkbu&doZ dh jpukA
Bks l &T;kfefr
4- fcUnq] js[kkvksa] iVyksa ¼lery½ ,oa Bkslksa ds yEcdks.kh; n`'; cukukA
5- Bkslksa ds ifjPNsfnr ¼dkV½ n`'; cukukA
e'khu&Mª k ba x
6- ljy e'khu&iqtks± ds yEcdks.kh; n`'; cukukA
7- iVyksa ¼lery½ ds leferh; iz{ksi vkysf[kr djukA
8- Bksl i`"Bksa ds fooj.k fp=kksa dks cukukA
dqy vad
112
4
6
6
12
15
12
10
5
70
lery&T;kfefr
;wfuV 1 % js[kkvksa o dks.kksa dh jpuk vkSj mudk foHkktu djukA f=kHkqtksa oxks±] leprqHkqt
Z ks]a Vªis hft;eks]a leckgqHkqtks]a
iapHkqtks]a "k"B~Hkqtksa vkSj v"VHkqtksa ij vk/kkfjr ljy iz'u gy djukA
;wfuV 2 % o`Ùk dh jpuk] o`Ùk ij cká o vkarfjd Li'kZ js[kkvksa dh jpuk] leckgq f=kHkqt] oxZ] leprqHkqt
Z rFkk
le ckgq] cgqHkqt&iap Hkqt] "k"BHkqt rFkk v"VHkqt ds vUnj o`Ùk dh jpuk djukA
;wfuV 3 %
(a)
bfyIl dh fuEufyf[kr fof/k;ksa ls jpuk djukA
(i)
(b)
ldsUnz o`Ùkksa }kjkA
(ii)
izfrPNsnh pkiksa }kjkA
(iii)
izfrPNsnh js[kkvksa }kjkA
isjkcksyk dh fuEufyf[kr fof/k;ksa ls jpuk djuk %
(i)
izfrPNsnh js[kkvksa }kjkA
(ii)
izfrPNsnh pkiksa }kjkA
(c)
o`Ùk ds bUoksY;wV dh jpuk djuk %
(d)
lkbDykbM] gsfyDl vkSj lkbu&doZ dh jpuk djukA
Bksl T;kfefr
(40 ihfj;M)
;wfuV 4 % yEcdks.kh; iz{ksiksa ,oa foHkktu dh fof/k;ka iw.kZr% SP 46–1988 ds la'kksf/kr ifjikVh ds vuqlkjA fcUnq]
js[kk] lery fp=kksa vkSj yEcdh; fu;fer Bkslksa tSls D;wc] fizTe vkSj fijkfeM ¼oxkZdkj] f=kHkqtkdkj]
iapHkqtkdkj] "k"BHkqtkdkj 'kadq] csyu] xksyk] v/kZ&xksyk o 'kadq&Bkslksa ds fNUud Hkkx dk iz{ksi vkysf[kr
djuk tcfd muds v{k dks HP/V.P ds yEcor vFkok ,d ry ds lekUrj ¼vkSj nwljs ry ls fdlh
>qdko ij½ vFkok VP/HP nksuksa ds lekarj j[kk tk,A
;wfuV 5 % Åij&fyf[kr 'krks± ds vuqlkj Bkslksa ds ifjPNsfnr&n`'; tks fd {kSfrt@Å/okZ/[email protected] cukrs gq, ifjPNsfnr
¼ 45 ihfj;M½
ry }kjk cuk, x, gksAa buds lgh vkdkj dks Hkh cukukA
e'khu Mªkbax
;wfuV 6 % e'khuh&CykWdksa ds yEcdks.kh; iz{ksiA
¼ 40 ihfj;M½
;wfuV 7 % leferh; ekiuh dh jpuk djukA ftlesa 10 mm ds eq[; Hkkxksa rFkk 1 mm ds miHkkx gksAa f=kHkqtkdkj]
oxkZdkj] iapHkqtkdkj] "k"B~ Hkqtkdkj] o`Ùkkdkj] v/kZoÙ` kkdkj fp=kksa dks HP vFkok V.P ds ,dkarj j[kdj
leferh; iz{ksi vkysf[kr djukA ¼ekiuh ij½ bUgha fp=kksa dh ,d Hkqtk vFkok d.kZ vFkok O;kl H.P./
V.P ds lekarj vFkok yEc gksuk pkfg,A ¼ 5 ihfj;M½
;wfuV 8 % fuEufyf[kr Bkslksa dh lrgksa ds fooj.k dk fp=k cukuk %
1- D;wc] D;wckbM] fizTe f=kHkqtkdkj] oxkZdkj] iap&Hkqtkdkj rFkk "k"B~HkqtkdkjA
2- fijkfeM ¼f=kHkqtkdkj] oxkZdkj] iapHkqtkdkj rFkk "k"B~Hkqtkdkj½
3- ¼yEco`Ùkh;½ csyu ,oa 'kadqA
113
iz k ;ks f xd
,d iz'u i=k ¼izk;ksfxd½
3 ?ka V s
30 va d
1-
fizTeksa rFkk fijkfeMksa dk xÙks ¼eksVs isij½ }kjk fodkl djukA
2-
fofHkUu izdkj ds iSfdax ds fMCcksa ¼dkVZuks½a dk fodkl djukA
3-
fofHkUu izdkj ds fMtkbu@e;wjy] vkrafjd rFkk cká ltkoV ds fy, cukuk ftuesa jaxhu ysfeuk dk iz;ksx
ldZeLØkbfcax] buLdkbfcax rFkk fizLdkbfcax ds Kku ij vk/kkfjr gksA
4-
bfyIl dh jpuk djuk %
fo/kh
(a)
isij Vªes y vH;kl ls]
(b)
/kkxs ds iz;ksx ls]
bu fp=kksa dks eSnku esa Mªkbax 'khV ij vFkok IykbZoMq ij cukukA
5-
fuEufyf[kr ds 'kh"kZ&n`'; (Plan) cukukA
(a)
d{kk dk dejkA
(b)
?kj dk Mªkbax :e@'k;u d{k@v/;;u d{k@jlksb?Z kj
(c)
?kj dk bUthfu;fjax&Mªkbax d{k
buesa Q'kZ ij j[kh fofHkUu oLrqvksa dks fn[kkukA
6-
7-
fØ;kvksa }kjk fuEufyf[kr oØksa dks vkysf[kr djukA
(a)
buoksY;wVA
(b)
lkbDykWbMA
(c)
gsfyDlA
(d)
lkbu
(sine)
doZ rFkk muds nSfud thou esa iz;ksxksa dh lwph cukukA
fuEufyf[kr ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa Bkslksa ¼fizT+e fijkfeM] xksyk vkfn½ ds dkV&n`'; dks feêh }kjk] lkcqu }kjk]
IykfLVflu] ekse ;k vU; fdlh Hkh inkFkks]± tks vklkuh ls miyC/k o lLrs gksa }kjk gks cukuk tcfd dkV&ry
(i)
vk/kkj ds lekarj gksA
(ii)
vk/kkj ij yEc gksA
(iii)
vk/kkj ij dks.k cukrs gq, gksA
(iv)
vk/kkj ds Åij nh gqbZ Å¡pkbZ ij dks.k cukrs gq, dkVrk gksA
Åij of.kZr Bkslksa dks feykdj fofHkUu Bkslksa dh jpuk vkSj muds dkV n`';ksa ds ekWMy Hkh cukukA
fVIi.kh %
I.
Åij&fy[ks lHkh iz;ksxksa esa n`';ksa ds vkys[ku Ldsfpax dks Hkh cuok,a rFkk mudk ewY;kadu ds vuqlkj vad nsAa
II.
ewY;kadu iz.kkyh bl izdkj gS %
114
(a)
iz;ksx ¼2½
(b)
vkysf[kr@LdSp
5 vad
(c)
ekSf[kd iz'u&mÙkj
5 vad
(d)
l=k esa fd;k x;k d{kk dk;Z rFkk x`g dk;Z
5 vad
15 vad
dqy
30 va d
d{kk 12
(lS¼kfUrd)
,d iz'u i=k
I.
bdkbZ
Bkslksa ds leferh; iz{ksi@1
II.
e'khu Mªkb±x
le; % 3 ?k.Vs
vad % 70
va d
25
(a)
e'khuh&iqtks± dks vkysf[kr djuk
15
(b)
e'khuh&iqtks± dks laxfBr dj dkV&n`';ksa dks vkysf[kr djukA
40
1.
fc;fjaxA
2.
jkWM&tkWbUV
3.
Vkb&jkWM rFkk ikbi tkWbUV
4.
difyaxA
5.
f?kjfu;ka
dqy vad
;wfuVµI % Bkslksa dk leferh; iz{ksi
70
(50 ihfj;M)
leferh; ekiuh dh jpuk djukA ftlesa 10 mm ds eq[; Hkkxksa rFkk mm ds miHkkxksa dks n'kkZ;k x;k gks]
f=kHkqt] iapHkqt] "k"BHkqt vkfn ds lgk;d n`'; 1%1 ekiuh ij vFkok leferh; ekiuh ij vkysf[kr fd, tk ldrs
gSaA
¼vn`'; fdukjksa dh Nqih gqbZ js[kkvksa dks leferh; iz{ks; esa ugha fn[kk,a½
Bksl D;wc ,oa le Hkqtk okys fizTe rFkk fijkfeMksa ¼f=kHkqtkdkj] oxkZdkj] iapHkqtkdkj] "k"B~Hkqtkdkj½]
'kadw] csyu] xksyk] v/kZxksyk] yEc fijkfeMksa ¼f=kHkqtkdkj] oxkZdkj] iapHkqtkdkj] "k"B~Hkqtkdkj½ ds fNUud ,oa
'kadw tSls Bkslksa tks fd vk/kkj ds lekarj dkVs x, gSa dk leferh; iz{ksi vkysf[kr djukA bu lHkh Bkslksa
ds v{k {kSfrt&ry (H.P) ij yEc vFkok Å/okZ/kj ry (V.P) ij yEc vFkok nksuksa {kSfrt/kj ry ,oa mèokZ
ry ds lekarj gksus pkfg,A ¼ns[kus dh fn'kk dks rhj }kjk fn[kk;sa½
Åij fy[ks x;s Bkslksa dk laxBu ¼fizTe o fijkfeM ds ds fNUud ds vykok½ buds Bkslksa dh ,d Hkqtk
dks {kSfrt ry (HP) ;k Å/okZ/kjry (VP) ds lekarj vFkok yEc j[kk tk,A ,d Bksl ij nwljk Bksl chpks&a chp
j[kk tk;A fdUrq nksuksa Bkslksa ds lkekU; v{k dks {kSfrt ry (HP) ds lekarju j[ksAa
115
fVIi.kh % ,dy Bksl ds iz'u esa dsoy Bksl dks lnSo Å/okZ/kj fLFkfr esa j[kk tk,xkA
;wfuV
II
e'khu Mªkbax (vkys[ku)
(36 fifj;M)
¼v½ e'khuh iqtks± dk vkys[ku
(i)
1%1 ekiuh lfgr ;a=kksa }kjk vkys[ku ¼fuEufyf[kr fdUgha nks es½a vkUrfjd fodYi fn;s tk;sxa As
fofHkUu izdkj dh pwM+h dk izekf.kd izkQ
s kby cukuk oxkZdkj (Squre)] Knuckle, B.S.W., metric
¼cká ,oa vkarfjd½ ,oa pwM+h dk ukekadu (Nomenclature) cksYV (Square, Hexagenal, Tee)
rFkk Hook) uV (Square rFkk Hexagonal), lery (Plain) okW'kj] cksYV rFkk uV dk la;kstu]
okW'kj ds lkFk ;k fcuk okW'kj ds nks iqtks± dk la;kstu djus ds fy,A ekud foekvksa ds lkFk
Single riveted lap joint.
(ii)
eq D r&gLr js [ kkfp=k cukukA
¼fuEufyf[kr fdUgha nks esa] vkarfjd fodYi fn;s tk;saxsA½
cká vkSj vkarfjd pwM+h dk ikjEifjd izn'kZu] Studs (Plain, Plain with squre neck vkSj collor),
LØw (Round-head, cheese-head, 90o flat counter-sunk head, heagonal socket head vkSj Grub
serews) Snap head, pan-head-with-tapered neck, feat head vkSj 60o counter-sunk flat head;
cepunk keys ds izdkj (Rectangular taper, woodruff vkSj nksuksa fljksa ij Gib-head ds lkFk doublehead feather.
¼c½ fuEufyf[kr e'khuh&iqtks± ds la;kstu ds n`';ksa dk vkys[ku
¼ 82 fifj;M½
fo|kfFkZ;ksa ls ;g vis{kk dh tkrh gS fd os fuEufyf[kr e'khuh&iqtks± ds la;kstuksa ds n`';ksa
v?k vlqPp;&n`';ksa dk vkys[ku cuk;saxsA
fVIi.kh
(i) fuEufyf[kr lHkh leqPp;&vkys[kuksa esa] dsoy v/kZ&dkV lEeq[k n`'; gh cukuk gksxkA nwljk
n`';] fcuk dkV ¼iw.kZ½] tgka ij Hkh ykxw gks] cukuk gksxkA
(ii) fuEufyf[kr lHkh vleqPp;&vkys[kuksa esa dsoy nks yEcdks.kh; n`';] nks iqtks± ds vkysf[kr
djus gksxa As fdUgha ¼bu yEcdks.kh; n`';ksa esa dksbZ ,d n`'; v/kZdkV vFkok iw.kkZdkj vkysf[kr djuk
gksxk½
(iii) ¼v½ bu lHkh dkV n`';ksa es]a vn`'; js[kk;sa vFkok fdukjs ugha fn[kkus gSA
a
¼c½ bu lHkh iw.kZ n`';ksa es]a vn`'; js[kk;sa vFkok fdukjs fn[kkus dh vko';drk gSA
1.
Bearings
*(i) Open–Bearing
*(ii) Bushed-Bearing
*(iii) Footstep–Bearing
¼dsoy vkaf'kd lEeq[k n`'; gh iwNk tk,xkA½
*(iv) Simple plummer-block. (with only round brasses)
2.
dsoy vkaf'kd lEeq[k n`'; gh iwNk tk,xkA
Rod-Joints
*(i) Cotter-joints for circular rods. (Socket and spigot joints)
*(ii) Cotter-joints for round-rods (Sleeve and cotter joint)
116
*(iii) Cotter-joints for square rods. (Sleeve and cotter josint)
*(iv) Knuckle-joint ¼dsoy
3.
4.
5.
vkaf'kd lEeq[k n`'; gh iwNk tk,xk½
Tie-rod and Pipe-Joint
(i)
Turnbuckle.
(ii)
Flange Pipe joint.
Couplings.
(i)
Unprotectedd Flange coupling (having socket and spigot arrangement)
(ii)
Poteicted Flaage Coupling.
Pulleys.
(i)
Solid Cast Irons Pulley having solid web ¼200 mm
(ii)
Single groove V-belt ulley (200 mm
O;kl rd½
O;kl rd)
iz k ;ks f xd
I
,d iz'u i=k ¼izk;ksfxd½
fuEufyf[kr dk;ks± dks fu/kkZfjr
3 ?kaVs
(Two machine block)
vad 30
ds fn;s gq;s n`';ksa }kjk] lEiw.kZ djukA
ewY;kadu ds fcUnq
blds uhps vaxt
sz +h ds ikB~;Øe dh Hkkafr nks i`"Bksa dh Drawings Hkh Niuh pkfg, rFkk vUr esa vko';d funs'Z k
Hkh gksus pkfg, oukZ fgUnh dk ikB~;Øe v/kwjk jgsxk
(i) lHkh foHkk,a mm esa gSA
a
(ii) mijksDr vkjs[k Ldsy ekudj ugha [khaps x, gSA
a
(iii) yqIr vFkok esy u [kkus okyh foHkk,a] ;fn gSa rks mudh mfpr dYiuk dj ysA
a
(iv) lHkh vkjs[kksa ,oa js[kkfp=kksa esa dsoy iz{s ki dh I dks.k fof/k dks viuk,aA
Hkkx ¼v½
1- fn;s x;s n`';ksa dh udy djuk
(1) vad
(2) vad
2- yqIr&n`'; dk] vn`'; js[kkvksa ds lkFk vkys[ku
3- leferh;&iz{ksi dk js[kkfp=k fcuk vn`'; js[kkvksa ds cukukA
(5) vad
4- Åij fn;s x;s Machine block dks rhu foHkkvksa esa cukuk ¼fdlh ekiuh ij ugha] ijUrq yxHkx&vuqikr
es½a fdlh Hkh ek/;e esa cuk;k tk ldrk gSA mnkgj.k Thermocol, lkcqu dk VqdM+k] Plasticine,
feêh] ekse] Orchis ¼lHkh Qwy okyksa ls miyC/k½ bR;kfnA
(7) vad
II Hkkx ^c*
Hkkx (I) esa fd;s x;s iz;ksxksa ij vk/kkfjr ekSf[kd&ijh{kk (Viva-voce)
¼2 vad½
l=k esa fd, x;s dk;Z
fu/kkZfjr 15 Machine blocks ds gy
¼3 vad½
dqy
30 va d
117
118
119
12- x`g foKku (dksM 064)
x`g foKku ,d ,slk fo"k; gS ftldk vè;;u O;fDr esa lw>cw> dk fodkl djrk gSA ;g f'k{kk vkt
ds cnyrs ifjos'k esa O;fDr dks lekt] ifjokj o ?kj esa oSKkfud n`f"Vdks.k ls lek;kstu cukus esa enn
djrh gSA ;g fodkl pkj fofHkUu {ks=kksa ds vè;;u }kjk gksrk gSA
1- vkgkj o iks"k.k
2- ekuo fodkl
3- izcUèku ,oe~ foLrkj ds lkeqnkf;d òksr@lkèku
4- oL=k ,oa ifjèkku foKku
bl fo"k; dh lgk;rk ls fo|kFkhZ Hkkjrh; lekt dh cnyrh vko';drkvksa dks le> ldrs gSaA
blds fo|ksiktZu fu;eksas dh lgk;rk ls O;olkf;d {kerk dks fodflr dj ldrs gSaA
blls f'k{kkFkhZ esa izfrLièkkZ dh Hkkouk vkrh gS vkSj thou dks pqukSfr;ksa dks Lohdkj dj mudk lkeuk
djus dk lkeF;Z vkrk gSA
mís';
;g ikB~;Øe mPprj ekè;fed Lrj ij fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds fy, rS;kj fd;k x;k gSA blds }kjk os viuh
Kkuo`f) o le>us dh {kerk dks fodflr dj ifjokj vkSj lekt dks Hkh fodkl dh vksj ys tk ldrs
gSaA blds eq[; rF; fuEufyf[kr gSa %
bldh lgk;rk ls f'k{kkFkhZ ekuo fodkl dh voLFkkvksa dks le>rk gSA [kklrkSj ij [kqn ds fodkl
dks vkSj cky fodkl dksA
bldh lgk;rk ls fofHkUu lalkèkuksa dk mfpr izcUèku djuk o viuh {kerkvksa dk fodkl djukA
f'k{kkFkhZ dks leFkZ] lkoèkku o tkx:d miHkksDrk cukukA
O;fDr dks vkgkj o thou 'kSyh dk Kku nsukA chekfj;ksa ls cpko o mlds izcUèku ds izfr tkx:d
o leFkZ cukukA
f'k{kkFkhZ esa LokLF;oèkZd vkgkj dh vknrsa fufeZr djukA
oL=kksa ds pquko o mlds j[k&j[kko dh tkudkjh fodflr djukA
lEiz"s k.k (Communication) lEcUèkh {kerkvksa dk fodkl o u, Kku dh vksj vxzlj gksukA vius Kku
o rdZ&{kerk }kjk leqnk; vkSj lekt ds Kku esa o`f) djuk vkSj mldks vfèkd yksxksa rd igqp
¡ kukA
120
ikB~ ; Øe dh :ijs [ kk
d{kk& XI
lS)kafrd
(Theory)
le; % 3 ?k.Vs
vfèkdre vad % 70
va d 70
02
bdkbZ
I.
x`g&foKku dh voèkkj.kk
II.
Lo;a dks igpkuks
17
III.
ifjokj ,oe~ Lo;a ds fy, iks"k.k
17
IV.
esjs lkèku
17
V.
esjs oL=k
17
dqy
bdkbZ &I % x`g&foKku dh voèkkj.kk@ladYiuk ,oe~ bldk vè;;u {ks=kA
70
¼ihfj;M&
¼ihfj;M&2½½
x`g&foKku dk vFkZ] dk;Z&{ks=k ,oe~ x`g&foKku f'k{kk dk egÙoA
bdkbZ&II % Lo;a dks igpkuks
fd'kksjkoLFkk ls lEcfUèkr leL;k,¡ ,oa eqn~nsA
¼ihfj;M&
¼ihfj;M&33½½
fd'kks j koLFkk vFkZ] vkjfEHkd fd'kksjkoLFkk ¼12&15 lky½ vkSj mÙkjh; fd'kksjkoLFkk ¼16&18 o"kZ½ iwoZ o
mÙkj ifjiDorkA
y{k.k KkukRed fodkl
dh vksj c<+koA
'kkjhfjd fodkl
ySafxd fodkl
voLFkk ifjorZu&ewrZ ;k lkdkj izfØ;k ls vkSipkfjd lfØ;kRed voLFkk
o`f) vkSj LQqj.kA
lkekftd ,oa laosxkRed fodklA
fe=k lewg dk egÙo] foijhr fyax ds izfr #fp] fofHkUu o cnyrh vfHk#fp;k¡] Hkfo"; ds izfr fpUrk]
fd'kksjkoLFkk ekufld ruko o ncko dk dkyA
izeq[k ,oa egÙoiw.kZ fodklksfpÙk dk;Z 'kkjhfjd cnyko dks Lohdkj djuk] u, o vfèkd ifjiDo lEcUèk
cukuk ¼nksuksa fyaxksa ds lkfFk;ksa ds lkFk½] vius fyax ds vuqlkj lkekftd Hkwfedk viukuk o vius dks
fyaxh; mÙkjnkf;Roksa ds ;ksX; cukuk] ifjokj ls vyx HkkoukRed LorU=krk o fu.kZ; ysus dh pkgr]
O;olk; dh rS;kjh] iztuu lEcUèkh LokLF; vkSj jDrghurk dh jksdFkkeA
oS ; fDrd fofHkUurk,¡ leku fyafx;ksa esa fofHkUurk,¡] foijhr fyafx;ksa esa fofHkUurk,¡] 'kh?kz o foyfEcr
ifjiDork] oa'kkuqxr Hkwfedk ,oe~ okrkoj.k dh Hkwfedk ¼ifjokj] fe=k] Ldwy vkSj iM+ksl½
va r oS Z ; fDrd {kerk,¡ fd'kksjkoLFkk esa ikfjokfjd lEcUèk] ifjokj ds lkFk] fe=kksa] lekt o leqnk; ds
lnL;ksa ds lkFkA
fd'kksjkoLFkk dh fo'ks"k vko';drk,¡ %
(i)
iks"kd lEcUèkh vko';drk,¡ ¼xq.kkRed ,oe~ ek=kkRed½
121
(ii)
O;k;ke ,oa euksjatu] lkekftd fodkl esa 'kkjhfjd fØ;kvksa dk egRo] eksVkis ls cpko]
(iii)
ekrk&firk ds lkFk vkilh le> (Understanding) ,oa lEcUèk] ekrk&firk o ckydksa }kjk fd,
tkus okys iz;Ru ¼lEcUèk lqèkkj gsrq½
fd'kks j koLFkk dh dq N leL;k,¡ o`f) ds LQqj.k ds dkj.k vkus okyk Hkn~nkiu ,oa mlls gksus okyh
ghurk] LorU=krk vkSj fu;U=k.k] fujk'kk] ruko] e|iku] u'khyh nok,¡] èkweziku] cky&vijkèk] ;kSu&lEcUèkh
leL;k,¡] ;kSu vijkèk] viw.kZ Kku ,oe~ c<+rh ftKklk] lekt ls mis{kk] ,p-vkbZ-oh-@,M~l o vU; tuu
lEcUèkh laØked jksxksa ls cpkoA
tula[;k f'k{kk vfèkd tula[;k dh leL;k,¡ o dkj.k] dU;k dh mis{kk] dkj.k o cpko] U;kf;d ,oe~
lkekftd dkuwu] ckfydk ds Lrj esa lqèkkj gsrq ljdkj }kjk fd, tk jgs iz;Ru vkSj nh tkus okyh
lqfoèkk,¡] iq=k dh ykylkA NksVs ifjokj dh vko';drk o egÙoA
bdkbZ&III % ifjokj ,oa Lo;a ds fy, iks"k.k
¼ihfj;M 45½½
Hkkstu] LokLF; vkSj iks"k.k dh ifjHkk"kk o budk ijLij lEcUèk] fofHkUu ifjHkk"kk,¡] Hkkstu] iks"kd
rÙo] iks"k.k] LokLF; vkSj iks"k.k LrjA Hkkstu] LokLF; vkSj iks"k.k dk lEcUèk] iks"kd rRoksa vkSj dk;Z
ds vkèkkj ij Hkkstu dk oxhZdj.k] ÅtkZ xzg.k ds vkèkkj ij xjhch js[kk dk fuèkkZj.kA
Hkkstu ds dk;Z 'kjhj fuekZ.k] ÅtkZ iznku djuk] j{kkRed dk;Z] fu;U=k.kkRed vFkkZr~ 'kkjhfjd] ekufld]
lkekftd o lkaLÑfrd dk;Z] vPNs LokLF; ds y{k.k] iks"k.k o 'kkjhfjd Lrj] iks"k.k o euksoSKkfud
Lrj] iks"k.k o ekufld {kerk] e`R;q&nj] iks"k.k dk nh?kZ&thou ls lEcUèkA
mÙke LokLF; ,oe~ mfpr iks"k.k gsrq [kk|&inkFkks± dk p;u iks"kd rRoksa dh vkèkkjHkwr tkudkjh izkfIr
ds lkèku] dk;Z] deh ls gksus okys jksx vkSj mudh jksdFkkeA izksVhu] dkcksZt] olk] Qksd] foVkfeu] ,]
Mh] ch ¼Fkk;feu½] ch&2] ¼jkbZcks¶Ysfou½] uk;flyu] QkWfyd vEy] ch&12] foVkfeu lh] [kfut yo.k dSfY'k;e]
yksgk] vk;ksMhuA fofHkUu [kk|&oxZ (ICMR) vkSj mudk ;ksxnkuA larqfyr vkgkj ifjHkk"kk o izHkkfor
djus okys dkjd] vkgkj vkSj iksf"Vd rRoksa ls lEcfUèkr vko';drk,¡ (ICMR Table) HkksT; inkFkks± ds
p;u dks izHkkfor djus okys dkjd tSls laLÑfr] ifjokj ds vkgkj lEcUèkh ewY;] vkgkj lEcUèkh ekU;rk,¡]
HkksT; inkFkks± dh miyCèkrk] fe=kksa dk izHkko vkSj lapkj ekè;eA
Hkkstu ls vfèkdre iks"k.k ewY;ksa dh izkfIr mfpr p;u] rS;kjh] idkuk vkSj laxgz vkgkj ds ikSf"Vd
eku esa o`f) djukA
[kk| inkFkks± dk p;u o laxzg
lqfoèkktud [kk| inkFkZA
[kjkc u gksus okys [kk|&inkFkZ] tYnh [kjkc u gksus okys inkFkZ]
[kk| inkFkks± ds [kjkc gksus ds dkj.kA
vkgkj laj{k.k dh ?kjsyw fofèk;k¡ tSls jsfÝtjs'ku ¼'khrdj.k½] lq[kkuk] jklk;fud inkFkks± dk bLrseky]
?kjsyw lajf{kr inkFkZA
Hkkstu idkuk idkus ds mn~ns';] idkus dk fofHkUu iks"kd rRoksa ij izHkko] idkus esa iks"kd rRoksa
dh gkfu] gkfu de djus ds mik;] Hkkstu idkus dh fofHkUu fofèk;k¡ tSls mckyuk] Hkki esa idkuk]
izs'kj dqdj dk bLrseky] olk esa idkuk ¼mFkyh o xgjh fofèk½] de mckyuk] lkWV djuk Hkwuuk]
lsaduk] HkV~Bh esa idkukA
122
Hkkstu dk iks"k.k eku c<+kus dh fofèk;k¡ vadjq .k] [kehjhdj.k] [kk| inkFkks± dk feyktqyk iz;ksx ¼[kk|
lfEeJ.k½ vkSj QkWVhZfQds'kuA
¼ihfj;M 36½½
bdkbZ&IV % esjs lkèku
lkèku vFkZ] izdkj
(i)
ekuoh;
(ii)
HkkSfrd lkèku
(iii)
lkeqnkf;d lkèku tSls Ldwy ikdZ] vLirky] lM+dsa] ikuh] cl] fctyh] b±èku vkSj pkjkA lkèkuksa
dh O;oLFkk dh vko';drk lkeqnkf;d lkèkuksa dk laj{k.k t:jr vkSj rjhdsA
Kku] dk;Zdq'kyrk] le;] ÅtkZ vkSj eukso`fÙk;k¡]
èku] lEifÙk] oLrq,¡]
lkèkuks a dh O;oLFkk O;oLFkk dk vFkZ o vko';drk] O;oLFkk dh izfØ;k ds pj.k vk;kstu] laxBu]
fu;U=k.k] fØ;kUo;u] vkSj ewY;kadu] O;oLFkkiu esa bldk egRoA
le; vkSj 'kfDr dh O;oLFkk dk;Z rFkk vodk'k dky ds fy, le; dh O;oLFkk dh vko';drk vkSj
izfØ;k] dk;Z ljyhdj.k vFkZ vkSj rjhdsA
?kj esa fd, tkus okys dk;Z] lksuk] i<+uk] [kkuk idkuk] [kkuk [kkuk] ugkuk] diM+s èkksuk vkSj euksjt
a u]
bu dk;ks± ds fy, LFkku dh O;oLFkk dh t:jrA
?kj esa fofHkUu LFkkuksa dks vkd"kZd cukus ds fy, jaxksa vkSj mi&lkèkuksa dk mi;ksxA
ifjokj ds dk;ks± dks lqpk: :i djus esa ifjokj ds lnL;ksa dh HkwfedkA
dk;Z uSfrdrk vFkZ ,oe~ egRo] dk;Z&LFky ij vuq'kklu] le; ij igqp¡ kuk] lhV ij jguk] vius dk;Z
dks tkuuk vkSj eèkqj Hkk"kk dk iz;ksxA
bdkbZ&V % esjs oL=k
rUrq foKku
(ihfj;M&34)
rUrqvksa ds izdkj
(i)
izkÑfrd] lwrh] flYd vkSj ÅuhA
(ii)
ekuo fufeZr
(iii) fefJr
ukbykWu] js;kWu] ikWfy,LVjA
VsjhdkWV] VsjhflYd] VsjhowyA
diM+s dk fuekZ.k èkkxk cukus dh fofèk ¼drkbZ&;kaf=kd vkSj jklk;fud½] diM+k cukus dh fofèk;k¡ cqukbZ
¼dj?ks ij cqukbZ½] flykbZ }kjk cqukbZ] nok dj oL=k cukuk vkSj czMs l vkSj ysl] fofHkUu izdkj dh cqukbZ]
tSls lknh cqukbZ] nohy cqukbZ] vkSj lkfVu cqukbZA fofHkUu izdkj dh cqukbZ ls cuus okys diM+ksa dh
la j puk] j[k&j[kko o fVdkÅiuA
oL=kksa dh ifjlTtk
vFkZ vkSj egRo] fofHkUu izdkj
(i)
vkèkkjHkwr
(ii)
fof'k"V ifjlTtk
lQkbZ ;k 'kq)hdj.k] fojatu] dM+k djuk] VsVfjaxA
elZjkbts'ku] fldqM+u] izfrjksèkd] ty vHks|rk] jaxkbZ vkSj NikbZA
123
iz ; ks x kRed x` g &foKku
d{kk
,d iz'u i=k
XI
le; % 3 ?k.Vs
vad % 30
bdkbZ
I.
va d
&
x`g foKku dh voèkkj.k
II.
Lo;a dks igpkuks
&
III.
ifjokj ,oe~ Lo;a ds fy, iks"k.k
8
IV.
esjs lkèku
8
V.
esjs oL=k
7
VI.
QkbZy
5
VII.
ekSf[kd iz'u
2
30
dqy vad
bdkbZ &Iñx`g foKku dh voèkkj.kk
bdkbZ&II % Lo;a dks igpkuks
(ihfj;M&8)
iz;ksx 1 viuh ldkjkRed vkSj udkjkRed {kerkvksa dks igpkusaA d{kk esa vè;kid@vè;kfidk vkSj
lkfFk;ksa ds lkFk ml ij ckr djsaA jk; tkuus ds ckn ;g fu.kZ; ysa fd vki fdl izdkj
viuh ldkjkRed {kerkvksa dk bLrseky djds viuh detksfj;ksa dks de dj ldrs gSa ;k
mu ij dSls dkcw ik ldrs gSaA
iz;ksx 2 ifjokj] fe=kksa vkSj lekt ds vU; lnL;ksa ds lkFk vius var%lEcUèkksa dks n'kkZus ds fy, viuh
ftUnxh ls tqM+k dksbZ vuqHko d{kk esa crk,¡A
bdkbZ&III % ifjokj ,oe~ Lo;a ds fy, iks"k.k
(ihfj;M&28)
iz ; ks x & I vius ifjokj ds lnL;ksa ds vPNs LokLF; ds y{k.kksa dk fujh{k.k djukA
iz ; ks x & II vius ?kj esa miyCèk fofHkUu [kk| inkFkks± dh [kk| oxks± ds vuqlkj lwph cukukA
iz;ksx&III vius ?kj esa fofHkUu [kk|&inkFkks± ds laxgz dh fofèk dk fujh{k.k djuk vkSj mudk ewY;kadu djukA
iz ; ks x & IV vkgkj esa ikSf"Vd rRoksa dk laj{k.k djrs gq, fofHkUu rjg ds vkgkj rS;kj djukA
iz ; ks x &V
Hkkstu idkus dh fofHkUu fofèk;ksa dk bLrseky djrs gq, O;atu ,oe~ vYikgkj rS;kj djukA
iz ; ks x VI dqN ?kjsyw fofèk;ksa }kjk [kk|&laj{k.k djuk] tSe] 'kjcr] vpkj vkSj pVuhA
bdkbZ&IV % esjs lkèku
(ihfj;M&30)
1- vius ?kj o vklikl miyCèk lkèkuksa dk fujh{k.k djuk vkSj mudh lwph cukukA
124
2- fdlh ,d lkeqnkf;d lkèku dk foLrkjiwoZd vè;;u djukA bldh O;oLFkk dSls dh tkrh gSA
blds ckjs esa tkudkjh izkIr djsa vkSj O;oLFkk esa lqèkkj ykus ds lq>ko nsaA
3- vius ?kj ds fdlh ,d dk;Z&dsUnz dk fujh{k.k rFkk ewY;kadu djsa rFkk mlds xq.k o nks"k crk,¡A
blesa lqèkkj ykus dk lq>ko nsaA
4- vius fy, ,d fnu dh dk;Z ;kstuk cuk,¡ vkSj crk,¡ fd dk;ks± dks djus ds fy, vki nwljksa dh
lgk;rk dgk¡ vkSj D;ksa yksxs\
5- Qwyksa dh O;oLFkk djukA
6- Q'kZ lTtk djukA
7- ihry] 'kh'kk] yksgk] ,Y;wehfu;e rFkk IykfLVd dh lQkbZ o ikWfy'k djukA
bdkbZ&V % esjs oL=k
(ihfj;M&24)
iz;ksx&I
fofHkUu izdkj ds oL=kksa ds uewus ,d=k djuk o mudh fo'ks"krkvksa ds vkèkkj ij
igpkuukA
iz;ksx&II
fofHkUu izdkj dh cqukbZ okys oL=kksa ds uewus ,d=k djds mudks mudh cqukbZ ds vkèkkj
ij igpkuukA
iz;ksx&III
,df=kr diM+ksa ds js'kksa dks fofHkUu ijh{k.kksa ds vkèkkj ij igpkuukA
1- ngu ijh{k.kA
2- oL=k ds js'ks f[kldus dk ijh{k.kA
3- diM+s dks QkM+dj ijh{k.k djukA
4- iDds jax ds fuèkkZj.k gsrq ijh{k.kA
iz;ksx&IV
fn, x, diM+s dks lkèkkj.k jaxkbZ vkSj caèkst jaxkbZ dh fofèk }kjk jaxukA
diM+s ij BIik fofèk
(Block printing)
125
}kjk NikbZ djukA
ikB~ ; Øe dh :ijs [ kk
d{kk
XII
¼lS ) ka f rd½
le; % 3 ?k.Vs
,d iz'u i=k
vad % 70
bdkbZ
I.
va d
17
f'k'kqvksa dks tkusa
II.
ifjokj ,oa Lo;a ds fy, iks"k.k
17
III.
èku&O;oLFkk vkSj miHkksDrk f'k{k.k
17
IV.
esjs ifjèkku
17
x`g&foKku ds izf'k{k.k dh mi;ksfxrk
02
V.
dqy
bdkbZ Iµf'k'kqvksa dks tkusa (0&3 o"kZ)
70
ihfj;M&34
dqN fo'ks"k y{k.k 'kkjhfjd yEckbZ] otu vkSj vuqikr fØ;kRed fodkl] 0&3 ekg] 3&6 ekg] 6&9
ekg] 9&12 ekg vkSj 1&3 o"kZ ¼fodkl ds pj.k Milestones) lkekftd vkSj HkkoukRed fodkl vklikl
ds yksxksa dks igpkuuk] lekthdj.k] Hkkouk,a o laosnuk,¡ izdV djukA
KkukRed fodkl
ewrZ ;k lkdkj izfØ;kvksa }kjk lh[kuk Hkk"kkRed fodklA
laØked jksxksa ls cpko Vhdkdj.k&voèkkj.kk ,oa izdkj ¼izkÑfrd ,oa vftZr½] Lruiku ¼izkÑfrd jksx
izfrjksèkd {kerk½] Vhdkdj.k lwph] cPpksa esa gksus okys jksxksa ds y{k.k vkSj mudk mn~Hkou@lEizfr] dky]
{k; jksx] dkyh [kk¡lh] fVVusl] fM¶Fkhfj;k] iksfy;ks] [kljk] dkWyjk ¼gStk½] vfrlkjA
vleFkZ vkSj v{ke ckydksa dh fo'ks"k vko';drk,¡ lkekftd :i ls vleFkZ] 'kkjhfjd :i ls vleFkZ
¼vkaf'kd vaèkkiu] vkaf'kd cgjkiu] 'kkjhfjd fodykaxrk y{k.k o vko';drk,¡½A
ckydks a dh oS d fYid ns [ kjs [ k HkkbZ&cgu] nknk&nknh] iM+kslh] nSfud ns[kHkky dsUnz vkSj Øsp
¼cky fodkl ;kstuk½ mn~ns'; ,oa dk;ZA
bdkbZ&II
ICDS
(ihfj;M&36)
ifjokj ,oa Lo;a ds fy, iks"k.k
ifjokj ds fy, vkgkj
vkgkj&vk;kstu vkgkj&vk;kstu dk vFkZ vkSj egRo] vkgkj vk;kstu dks izHkkfor djus
okys dkjd vkSj fl)kar] ifjokj ds izR;sd lnL; dh t:jr dks è;ku esa j[krs gq, vkgkj vk;kstu
djukA blesa lfEefyr gSa cPps] xHkZorh L=kh] Lruiku djkus okyh ekrk] vfrlkj o cq[kkj ls ihfM+r
lnL;A thou j{kd ?kksy dk egRo] thou j{kd ?kksy rS;kj djus dh fofèkA
ifjokj ds mÙke LokLF; ds ljy mik; ihus ds fy, 'kq) ty dk egRo] LoPN o 'kq) ty ds xq.k]
ty dks ihus ;ksX; LoPN cukus dh ?kjsyw fofèk;k¡] mckyuk] Nkuuk] fQVdjh Mkyuk] Dyksjhu dh xksfy;ksa
dk iz;ksxA ?kjsyw Lrj ij [kk|&LoPNrk dk egRo] HkksT; inkFkks± esa feykoV vFkZ vkSj ifjHkk"kk ¼P.F.A
ds vuqlkj½] HkksT; inkFkks± esa ik, tkus okys lkekU; feykoVh inkFkZ
126
vukt] nkysa] nwèk vkSj nwèk ls cus inkFkZ] ?kh] rsy] phuh] 'kgn vkSj elkysA
[kk|
[kk|&inkFkks± esa ik, tkus okys feykoVh inkFkks± ds lsou ls LokLF; ij iM+us okys dqizHkko
ihyk jax (Metanil yellow) vkjtheksu ds cht@rsyA
bdkbZ&III : èku izcUèku ,oa miHkksDrk f'k{k.k
dsljh nky]
(ihfj;M&36)
ikfjokfjd vk; ikfjokfjd vk; ds fofHkUu lkèku] (i) ekSfnzd vk;] (ii) okLrfod vk; ¼izR;{k o vizR;{k
vk;½ (iii) vkfRed vk;] vk; dh lEiwfrZ vFkZ] t:jr ,oa rjhds] ?kjsyw [kkrk ;k ?kjsyw fglkc&fdrkc
j[kus dh vko';drk ,oa dk;Z fofèkA
cpr ,oa fuos'k cpr dk vFkZ ,oa egRo] cpr ds rjhds] fuos'k ds lkèku cSd
a ] Mkd?kj] thou] chek]
Hkfo"; fufèk (PPF, PF. & G.P.F.) ;wfuV~l] fuos'k ds lkèku pquus dk vkèkkj] tksf[ke lqj{kk] ykHk vkSj dj
esa cprA
miHkksDrk laj{k.k ,oa f'k{k.k vFkZ] miHkksDrk ds le{k vkus okyh leL;k,¡ ;k eqf'dys]a miHkksDrk laj{k.k
vfèkfu;e ¼1986½ vkSj lsok,¡] miHkksDrk lgk;rk ds lkèku] yscy] ekuohdj.k fpUg foKkiu] ekxZn'kZd
iqfLrdk] if=kdk] miHkksDrk] f'kdk;r fuokj.k laxBuA
bdkbZ&IV % esjs ifjèkku
(ihfj;M&35)
oL=k ,oa mudk O;fDrRo ls lEcUèk dyk ds rRo js[kk] jax o cukoVA fMtkbu ds rRo larqyu]
y; vuqikr] vuq#irk vkSj ncko] oL=kksa ds pquko dks izHkkfor djus okys dkjd O;fDrro] vk;q] ekSle]
O;olk;] 'kkjhfjd cukoV ¼vkdkj½ volj] pyuA diM+s dk pquko o [kjhnkjh oL=k [kjhnus dk iz;kstu]
xq.koÙkk] ewY;] ekSle] fo'oluh; nqdku] fdruh ek=kk vko';d gSA yEckbZ ,oa pkSM+kbZ dh t:jrA
flys&flyk, oL=kksa dh eki o xq.koÙkk dh tk¡p flys&flyk, oL=kksa dh vko';drk ,oa iSekuk flykbZ]
rqjikbZ] cVu&iêh] cUn djus ds lkèku ¼gqd] vkbZ vkfn½ dkjhxjh] uewuk vkSj yVdu'khyrk ;k QkWyA
diM+ksa dh ns[kHkky diM+ksa dks lkQ djus o nkx gVkus ds dqN lkekU; fu;e o lkoèkkfu;k¡A diM+ksa
dh èkqykbZ eas dke vkus okys lgk;d&inkFkZ lkcqu vkSj fMVts±V ¼vkèkkjHkwr vUrj½] oL=kksa dk laj{k.k
o laxzg djus ds fu;eA
bdkbZ&V % x`g&foKku ds izf'k{k.k dh mi;ksfxrk
(ihfj;M&3)
x`g&foKku lEcUèkh tkudkjh dh nSfud thou esa mi;ksfxrkA
ifjokj dh vk;&lEiwfrZ esa dqN lh[kh xbZ {kerkvksa dk mi;ksxA
x`g&foKku dh enn ls Lojkstxkj o O;olkf;d {kerk dks fodflr fd;k tk ldrk gSA
bl fo"k; dks Hkfo"; esa vkthfodk dk lkèku cukus gsrq dqN izf'k{k.kksa dh vko';drk gksrh gSA
bu izf'k{k.kksa gsrq fofHkUu òksr o lqfoèkk,¡ miyCèk gSaA
127
iz ; ks x kRed x` g &foKku
d{kk&XII
,d iz'u i=k
le; % 3 ?k.Vs
vad % 30
bdkbZ
va d
03
1- f'k'kqvksa dks tkusa
2- ifjokj ,oa Lo;a ds fy, iks"k.k
11
3- èku&O;oLFkk vkSj miHkksDrk f'k{k.k
03
4- esjs ifjèkku
06
5- x`g&foKku ds izf'k{k.k dh mi;ksfxrk
&
QkbZ y
05
ekSf[kd iz'u
02
dqy
30
bdkbZ&I % f'k'kqvksa dks tkusa (0&3 o"kZ)
1- vius iM+ksl ;k ?kj ij fdlh ,d f'k'kq dk fujh{k.k djds mlds fØ;kRed vkSj 'kkjhfjd fodkl
ds fofHkUu vk;[email protected] dk vè;;u djks vkSj rkfydk cukvksA
2- (0&3) lky rd ds cPps ds fodkl ds pj.kksa dh rkfydk cukvksA
3- dkedkth efgykvksa dk lk{kkRdkj djus ds fy, lwph&i=k cukukA
4- fdUgha rhu dkedkth efgykvksa dk lk{kkRdkj djsa vkSj ;g tkus dh og dke ij tkus ls igys
vius ¼0&3 lky½ ds cPps dks fdl rjg dh oSdfyid ns[kjs[k esa NksM+rh gSA
5- 0&3 lky rd ds ckyd ds fy, Vhdkdj.k rkfydk cuk,aA
bdkbZ&II % ifjokj ,oa Lo;a ds fy, iks"k.k
1- vius ifjokj ds fy, vkgkj&rkfydk dk vk;kstu djsa vkSj mlesa fuEu O;fDr;ksa dh vko';drkuqlkj
mfpr ifjorZu djsaA
(i)
xHkZorh L=khA
(ii)
Lruiku djokus okyh ekrkA
(iii)
vfrlkj ls xzLr O;fDrA
(iv)
Toj ls ihfM+r O;fDrA
bl vkgkj rkfydk esa ls dksbZ ,d O;atu cukdj ijkslsA
2- thou j{kd ?kksy dk fuekZ.k djukA
128
3- lkèkkj.k vkgjh; feykoV dh tk¡p ds fy, ijh{k.k
(i)
pk; iÙkh
(vi)
yky fepZ
(ii)
vukt
(vii)
gYnh ikmMj
(iii)
nkysa
(viii)
xqM+
(iv)
nwèk o nwèk ls cus inkFkZ
(ix)
lkcqr dkyh fepZ
(v)
èkfu;k ikmMjA
bdkbZ&III % èku O;oLFkk vkSj miHkksDrk f'k{k.k
1-
cSd
a ;k Mkd?kj esa [kkrk [kksyukA cSd
a vkSj Mkd?kj esa [kkrk [kksyus ds fofèk dk irk yxk,a vkSj mfpr
QkeZ bdV~Bk djds HkjsaA
2-
cSad@Mkd?kj ls fofHkUu rjg ds QkeZ bdV~Bk djds HkjsaA
3-
?kj ij bLrseky gksus okyh fdUgha pkj oLrqvksa ds yscy dk fujh{k.k o ewY;kadu djsaA [kklrkSj ij
mu oLrqvksa dk ftu ij ekudhdj.k fpUg gksA
4-
?kj ij bLrseky gksus okyh fdUgha pkj oLrqvksa ds yscy cuk, ftu ij Øe'k%
dk fu'kku gksA
ISI, FPO
vkSj ,xekdZ
bdkbZ&IV % esjs ifjèkku
1-
flykbZ esa iz;ksx vkus okys Vk¡dksa ds uewus cuk,A
¼d½ vkèkkjHkwr Vk¡ds
(i)
dPpk Vk¡dk
(ii)
rqjikbZ
(iii)
pksj flykbZ
(iv)
bUVj ykafdx
¼[k½ cUn djus ds lkèku
¼x½ iScUn yxkuk ¼iSp odZ½
;k
,d ,izsu cuk, ftl ij Åij fy[ks lkjs Vk¡dksa dk bLrseky fd;k x;k gksA
2-
flys&flyk, diM+ksa dh xq.koÙkk dh tk¡p djsaA
3-
ty ds fofHkuu rkiekuksa dk fofHkUu oL=kksa ij D;k izHkko iM+rk gS\ tk¡p djsa vkSj fu"d"kZ fudkysa fd
;g Kku vkidks fdl izdkj diM+s] èkksrs le; enn djsxkA
4-
fofHkUu izdkj ds èkCcksa dks NqM+kuk
(i)
pk;
(v)
ckWy isu dh L;kgh
129
5-
(ii)
dkWQh
(vi)
fyfiLVd
(iii)
jls n kj lCth
(vii)
jDr
(iv)
xzhl
lkcq u @fMVs j tS U V cukuk ¼rjy@fVDdh@ikmMj½
ijh{kd ds fy, funsZ'k %µ
oxZ ^d*
1--
bdkbZ&I % f'k'kq dks tkusa
oxZ ^d* eas iz'u 1 ds fy, bl bdkbZ esa ls dksbZ ,d iz'u pqusaA iz'u ds fy, 3 vad fuèkkZfjr gSaA
ehy ds [email protected] lw p h@lk{kkRdkj lw p h
2--
oxZ ^[k*
bdkbZ&II
ifjokj ,oa Lo;a ds fy, iks"k.k
oxZ ^[k* eas iz'u&2 ds fy, bl bdkbZ ds igys iz'u esa ls fdlh ,d O;fDr ds fy, vkgkj vk;kstu
djsaA bl iz'u ds fy, 8 vad fuèkkZfjr gSaA vadksa dks ck¡Vus dk rjhdk bl izdkj gSA
(i)
vk;kstu vkSj [kk| inkFkks± dk pquko
2 vad
¼O;fDr dh [kkl vko';drkvksa ds vuqlkj½
3-
(ii)
rS;kj O;atu ¼ikd dyk½
3 vad
(iii)
ijkslus dk rjhdk
2 vad
(iv)
dke djus dk rjhdk o dk;Z LFkku
1 vad
oxZ ^[k* esa iz'u 3 ds fy, bl bdkbZ ds vU; iz'uksa esa ls dksbZ ,d iz'u pquAas bl iz'u ds fy, vad
3 fuèkkZfjr gSaA
thou j{kd ?kks y
;k
[kk| feykoV dh tk¡p
1 va d lgh ijh{k.k ds fy,
2 va d feykoV dh lgh igpku ds fy,A
4--
oxZ ^x*
bdkbZ&III èku O;oLFkk vkSj miHkksDrk f'k{k.k% oxZ ^x* esa iz ' u 4 ds fy, bl bdkbZ esa ls dksbZ ,d
iz'u pqusA bl iz'u ds fy, 3 va d fuèkkZfjr gSA
vadksa dks ck¡Vus dk rjhdk %
130
5--
mfpr QkeZ dk pquko
1 vad
mfpr rjhds ls Hkjuk
;k
yscy cukuk
2 vad
2 vad
mfpr ekudhdj.k fpUg
1 vad
oxZ ^?k*
bdkbZ IV % esjs ifjèkku % bl bdkbZ ls nks iz'uksa dk pquko djsAa oxZ ^?k* esa iz'u 5 ds fy, bl bdkbZ
ls fuEu esa ls dksbZ ,d iz'u pqusaA bl iz'u ds fy, 3 va d fuèkkZfjr gSaA
VkWdh cukuk ¼dksbZ ,d½
;k
flys & flyk, oL=kks a dh tk¡ p djuk
;k
fofHkUu oL=kksa ij ikuh ds rkieku ds izHkko dks tk¡pukA
6-
oxZ ^?k* esa iz ' u 6 ds fy, bdkbZ
fuèkkZfjr gSaA
IV
ls fuEu esa ls dksbZ ,d iz'u pqusaA bl iz'u ds fy, 3 va d
dksbZ ,d èkCck NqM+kukA
;k
lkcqu cukuk
7-
QkbZ y @d{kk fjdkMZ
va d &5
8-
ekSf[kd iz'u
va d &2
ekSf[kd iz'u ijh{kk esa fn, x, iz;ksxksa esa ls gh gksus pkfg,A
lkekU; funsZ'kµ
1-
fn, x, fodYiksa esa ls gh iz'uksa dk pquko djsaA
2-
O;atu cukus dk vFkZ gS
3-
lkQ lqFkjk dk;ZA
4-
dqN N% iz'uksa dk pquko djuk gS] tks bl izdkj gS %
cukus dk lgh rjhdk] HkksT; inkFkks± dk mfpr bLrseky vkSj rS;kj O;atuA
oxZ d esa ls ,d iz'u
3 vad
oxZ ^[k* esa ls nks iz'u
8+3 =11 vad
oxZ ^x* esa ls ,d iz'u
3 vad
oxZ ^?k* esa ls nks iz'u
3+3=6 vad
d{kk fjdkMZ
5 vad
ekSf[kd iz'u
2 vad
dq y
30 va d
131
iz'uksa dh lwph
iz ' u 1-- oxZ d esa pqus tkus okys iz'uksa dh lwph
¼dksbZ ,d pqus½ vad 3
1- (0&1) lky rd ds f'k'kq ds 'kkjhfjd fodkl ds pj.k fy[kksA
2- (0&3) lky rd ds f'k'kq ds fØ;kRed fodkl ds pj.k fy[kksA
3- (0&3) lky rd ds cPps ds Hkk"kk fodkl ds fofHkUu pj.k fy[kksA
4- (0&3) lky rd ds cPpksa ds fy, Vhdkdj.k rkfydk cukvksA
5- dkedkth efgyk dk lk{kkRdkj djus ds fy, lw=kh i=k cukvks vkSj ;g tkus fd mldh vuqifLFkfr esa iwo&Z Ldwyxkeh
cPps dh ns[kHkky dkSu djrk gSA
iz'u 2 oxZ [k esa pqus tkus okys iz'u
(dksbZ ,d iz'u pqusa)
va d &&8
1- ifjokj ds fy, ,d fnu dk vkgkj vk;kstu djsa vkSj mlessa fuEu esa ls fdlh ,d O;fDr ds fy, t:jh
ifjorZu djsAa
(i)
Lruiku djkus okyh ekrk
;k
(ii)
xHkZorh L=kh
;k
(iii) vfrlkj ls xzLr O;fDr
;k
(iv) Toj ls ihfM+r O;fDr
bl vk;kstu esa ls dksbZ ,d ifjofrZr O;atu cukdj ijkslsA
iz ' u 3-- oxZ [k esa pqus tkus okys iz'u
va d &3
¼dksbZ ,d pqus½
1- thou j{kd ?kksy cuk,A
2- fn, x, [kk| inkFkks± esa feykoVh oLrq dk uke crk,¡ vkSj mldh tk¡p djsa ¼fuEu esa ls dksbZ ,d
pqus½
(i)
vukt
(v)
èkfu;k ikmMj
(ii)
nky
(vi)
xqM+
(iii)
nwèk o nwèk ls cus inkFkZ
(vii)
gYnh ikmMj
(iv)
pk; iÙkh
(viii)
lkcqr dkyh fepZ
iz ' u 4 oxZ x esa pqus tkus okys iz'u
vad&&3
¼dksbZ ,d iz'u pqus½
132
1- fuEu ds fy, mfpr QkeZ dk pquko djsa vkSj Hkjdj fn[kk,¡ %
(i)
de iSls fudkyus dh iphZ
(ii)
vfèkd iSls fudkyus dh iphZ
(iii)
iSlk tek djokus dh iphZ
¼udn ;k pSd }kjk½
(iv)
cSd
a esa [kkrk [kksyus dk QkeZ
2- fdlh ,d [kk| inkFkZ dk yscy mfpr ekudhdj.k fpUg ds lkFk cuk,aA
iz'u 5-- oxZ ?k esa pqus tkus okys iz'u
¼dksbZ ,d iz'u pqus½
va d &&3
1- fdlh ,d Vk¡ds dk uewuk cukvks %
(i)
rqjikbZ
(ii)
dPpk Vk¡dk
(iii)
pksj flykbZ
(iv)
bUVj ykWfdax
(v)
cUn djus ds lkèku gqd vkSj cVu
2- flys flyk, oL=k dh fdUgha nks fcUnqvksa ij tk¡p djsa vkSj fy[ksAa
¼flykbZ] cUn djus ds lkèku] iSp] d<+kbZ vkSj diM+s dh lajpuk] diM+s dk izdkj lwrh] js'keh] Åuh ;k VsjhdkWV½
3- fuEu diM+kas ij ikuh ds rkieku dk D;k vlj iM+rk gSA ijh{k.k djsa vkSj fy[ksAa
(i) lwrh] (ii)
Åuh]
(iii) flYd] (iv) ukbZyksu
vkSj
(v)
VsjhdkWV
ikuh dk rkieku B.Mk] xquxquk vkSj xeZ
iz'u 6-- oxZ ^?k* esa pqus tkus okys iz'u
¼dksbZ ,d iz'u pqus½
va d &&3
1- lwrh diM+s ij yxk dksbZ ,d èkCck NqMk+ dj fn[kk,a %
(i)
pk;
(v)
(ii)
dkQh
(vi)
fyifLVd
(vii)
jDr
(iii) jlsnkj
(iv)
lCth
xzhl
2- rjy lkcqu cukvksA
3- fMVjtSUV ikmMj cukvksA
133
ckWy iSu dh L;kgh
Ldwy }kjk fo|kFkhZ dks nh tkus okyh lkexzh %µ
1- [kkuk cukus ds crZuA
2- feykoVh [kk| inkFkZA
3- [kk| inkFkks± dh tk¡p ds fy, t:jh jklk;fud inkFkZA
4- èkCcs dk uewukA
5- èkCck NqM+kus ds fy, t:jh lkexzhA
6- lw[ks o rkts [kk| inkFkZ cslu] nky] lfCt;k¡] nwèk] elkys vkfnA ¼iz'u i=k ds vuqlkj½
7- cSd
a ;k Mkd?kj dh iphZ@QkeZA
8- xksan
9- yscy cukus ds fy, dkxt vkSj Mªkbax 'khV
10- rkieku dk vlj tk¡pus ds fy, fofHkUu izdkj ds diM+kas ds uewuAs
11- lkcqu ;k fMVsjtSUV cukus dk lkekuA
12- ikuh dh O;oLFkkA
fo|kFkhZ }kjk yk;k tkus okyk lkeku %µ
1- ijkslus ds crZu vkSj pkdw] pEep vkfnA
2- est+iks'k] :eky] Vª&s dojA
3- Vªs
4- jax] cz'q k] jcM+] iSfUly] QqVk vkfnA
¼yscy cukus ds fy, lkexzh½
5- 10×10 ls-eh- dk diM+k ¼Vk¡dh cukus ds fy,½
6- flyk&flyk;k oL=kA
7- èkkxk] lwb]Z gqd] cVuA
8- iqjkus diM+&s 2
9- iqjkus v[kckj&2 ist
10- QkbZyA
134
13- Ñf"k (dksM la- 068)
d{kk&
d{kk&11 ¼lS ) ka f rd½
,d iz'u i=k ¼lS)kafrd½
le; % 3 ?kaVs
iw.kk±d % 70
bdkbZ vuq l kj va d
bdkbZ
va d
1- Ñf"k ekSle foKku] tuu foKku rFkk ikni iztuu]
tho jlk;u foKku rFkk lw{e tSfodh
2- i'kq/ku mRiknu
35
35
bdkbZ 1- Ñf"k ekSle foKku] tuu foKku rFkk ikni iztuu]
tho jlk;u foKku rFkk lw { e tS f od
84
Ñf"k ekS l e foKku % ekSle ds rRo o"kZ] rkieku] vknzrk] iou osx]
16 ihfj;M
/kwi ekSle dk iwokZuqeku] Qly mRiknu ls tyok;q ifjorZu dk laca/kA
tuu foKku rFkk ikni iz t uu
¼d½ dksf'kdk rFkk mldh lajpuk] dksf'kdk foHkktu&lelw=k.k rFkk v/kZlw=k.k vkSj mudk egRoA
¼[k½ Øksekslkseksa esa tufud lkexzh dk laxBu] Mh-,u-,- rFkk vkj-,u-,A
¼x½ oa'kkxfr ds esMa y fu;eA esMa y dh vius iz;ksxksa esa lQyrk ds dkj.k] esUMy ds iz;ksxksa esa lgyXurk
dk vHkkoA
¼?k½ lgyXurk rFkk thu fofue;A fyax lgyXu oa'kkxfrA
¼³½ ek=kkRed oa'kkxfr] ikS/kksa esa lrr rFkk vlrr fofo/krk] ,Dthuh rFkk cgqthuh oa'kkxfrA
¼p½ ikni iztuu esa tuu foKku dh Hkwfedk] Loijfxr rFkk ij&ijfxr Qlysa] Qlyksa esa iztuu dh
fof/k;ka&ifjp;] p;u] ladj.k] mRifjorZu rFkk cgqxqf.krrk] Ård rFkk dksf'kdk lao/kZA
¼N½ ikni tS o &rduhdh % ifjHkk"kk Qly mRiknu dh laHkkouk,aA
tho jlk;u foKku % ih-,p- rFkk mHk;izfrjks/kh] dkcksZgkbMªsVksa dk oxhZdj.k rFkk ukeu i)fr]
izksVhUl] fyfiM~l] foVkfeUl rFkk ,UtkbElA
lw { e tS f odh % lw{ethoh dksf'kdk&lajpuk] lw{e tho&'kSoky] thok.kq dod] ,sfDVuksekbflVht]
izksVkstksvk rFkk fo"kk.kqA 'olu fd.ou rFkk tSo inkFkZ ds vi?kVu esa lw{e thoksa dh HkwfedkA
20 ihfj;M
bdkbZ 2- i'kq / ku mRiknu
84 ihfj;M
{ks=k ,oa egRo
16 ihfj;M
¼d½ Ñf"k rFkk m|ksx esa i'kq/ku dk egRoA
¼[k½ Hkkjr esa xk;ksa] HkSalksa rFkk eqfxZ;ksa dh egRoiw.kZ uLysa ¼Hkkjrh; rFkk fons'kh½ rFkk mudk forj.kA
ns[kHkky rFkk izca/k
52
¼d½ i'kqvksa rFkk dqDdqV ?kjksa dh iz.kkfy;kaA
¼[k½ pkjk Mkyus ds fl)kar pkjk Mkyus dh jhfr;kaA
¼x½ la r q f yr jk'ku&ifjHkk"kk rFkk ?kVdA
135
¼?k½ cNM+kas cSyks]a xkfHku rFkk nq/kk: i'kqvksa vkSj pwtks]a iV~Bkeqxks± rFkk vaMk nsus okyh eqfxZ;ks]a dqDdqV'kkyk
dk izca/kA
¼³½ chekj i'kqvksa ds y{k.k] i'kqvksa rFkk eqfxZ;ksa esa lkekU; chekfj;ksa ds y{k.k] i'kq Iysx] tgjckn] [kqjidk
eqagidk( Å/k'kks/k rFkk xy?kksVw] dkfDlfM;ksfllA dqDdqV ekrk rFkk jkuh[ksr jksx] mudh jksdFkke
rFkk fu;a=k.kA
Ñf=ke oh;Z lap;u
tuusfUnz;ka] oh;Z dk laxzg.k] ruwdj.k rFkk laj{k.k vkSj Ñf=ke oh;Z lapu] i'kq&lq/kkj esa Ñf=ke oh;Z
lapu dh HkwfedkA
i'kq/ku mRiknu&i'kq/ku mRikn dk izlaLdj.k rFkk foi.kuA
d{kk&
d{kk&11 ¼lS ) ka f rd½
,d iz'u i=k ¼lS)kafrd½
le; % 3 ?kaVs
iw.kk±d % 30
bdkbZ vuq l kj va d
bdkbZ
¼d½
¼[k½
¼x½
¼?k½
va d
16
05
05
04
i'kq/ku izk;ksfxd
voyks d u
laxzg.k rFkk nkSjs
ekSf[kd ijh{k.k
¼d½ i'kq/ku izk;ksfxd dk;Z
¼d½ [ksr esa dke@nok fiykus@uky yxkus ds fy, cSyksa dks laHkkyukA
¼[k½ nq/kk: i'kqvksa ds ewY;kadu ds fy, izkIrkad dkMZ fof/kA
¼x½ xk;ksa esa en ds y{k.kA
¼?k½ [kjgjukA
¼³½ i'kqvksa dh vk;q dk irk yxkukA
¼p½ tkuojksa ds fy, jk'ku dh lax.kukA
¼N½ lw[kh ?kkl rFkk lkbyst rS;kj djukA
¼t½ [ksrh ds tkuojksa ds 'kkjhfjd otu dk ifjdyuA
¼>½ xkfHku rFkk nq/kk: i'kqvksa dh ns[kHkky rFkk laHkkyA
¼×k½ dqN lkekU; vkS"kf/k;ksa dk lsou djkukA
¼V½ chekj tkuojksa ds y{k.kksa dk v/;;uA
¼B½ nw/k] olk rFkk ?kuRo dk ijh{k.k djukA
¼³½ xk;k@HkkSlksa dks nqgukA
¼<½ i'kq'kkykvksa dh lQkbZ rFkk j[kj[kkoA
136
38 ihfj;M
¼.k½ nqX/k mRiknu dh izfr fd-xzk- ykxr dk ifjdyuA
¼r½ if{k;ksa dh dfyaxA
¼Fk½ dqDdqV ?kjksa dh lQkbZA
¼n½ xgjh fcnkyh iz.kkyh dk izca/kA
¼/k½ fjdkMZ j[kus vkSj izfr ntZu vaMk mRiknu dh ykxr dk ifjdyu djus dh fof/kA
¼u½ eqfxZ;ksa ds pkjs dk vkdyuA
¼[k½ voyks d u
¼d½ xk;ksa] HkkSlksa rFkk dqDdVksa dh lkekU; uLyksa dh igpkuA
16 ihfj;M
¼[k½ LFkkuh; i'kq fpfdRlky; esa foÜk`axhdj.k] nkxus] xksnus] cf/k;ka djus dh fof/k dk voyksduA
¼x½ LFkkuh; i'kq fpfdRlky; esa Ñf=ke oh;Z lapu dk voyksduA
¼?k½ lkekU; jksxksa ds izfr dqDdqVksa dks Vhdk yxkus dk voyksduA
¼x½ laxzg.k rFkk nkSjs
¼d½ iz;ksfxd dk;Z dk fjdkMZ rS;kj djukA
18 ihfj;M
¼[k½ LFkkuh; Ms;jh rFkk iksYVªh Qkeks±] ikni iztuu@tSo rduhdh iz;ksx'kkyk rFkk Ñf"k ekSle foKku
iz;ksx'kkyk ns[kus tkrkA
fVIi.kh % fo|kFkhZ vius nkSjksa ds nkSjku izkIr vuqHko ds vk/kkj ij fyf[kr fjiksVZ izLrqr djsaA
¼?k½ ekS f [kd ijh{kk
d{kk&
d{kk&12 ¼lS ) ka f rd½
,d iz'u i=k ¼lS)kafrd½
le; % 3 ?kaVs
iw.kk±d % 30
bdkbZ vuq l kj va d
bdkbZ
12-
va d
40
30
Qlyks R iknu
m|ku Ñf"k ¼ckxokuh½
bdkbZ 1- Qlyks R iknu
96 ihfj;M
ifjp;
8 ihfj;M
¼d½ Hkkjr esa Lora=krk izkfIr esa [kk|kUu mRiknu ds y{;] miyfC/k;ka vkSj Hkfo"; ds fy, vkadyu]
fVdkÅ Qly mRiknu Ñf"k dk O;olk;hdj.k rFkk Hkkjr esa mldh laHkkouk,¡A
¼[k½ [kk|kUu] nygu] frygu] js'ksnkj] 'kjdjk rFkk pkjs okyh Qlyksa dh mi;ksfxrk ds vk/kkj ij mudk
oxhZ d j.kA
e` n k] e` n k&moZ j rk] moZ j d rFkk [kkn
24 ihfj;M
¼d½ e`nk] e`nk&ih-,p-] e`nk dh lajpuk] e`nk dh tksr] e`nk dh moZjrk rFkk e`nk LokLF;A
¼[k½ ikniksa ds vko';d iks"kd rRo] mudh Hkwfedk rFkk deh ds y{k.kA
137
¼x½ Hkkjr esa e`nk ds izdkj vkSj muds vfHky{k.kA
¼?k½ tSo [kkn] lkekU; moZjd ,dkf/kd iks"kd] tfVy moZjdksa lfgr] moZjd feJ.k tSo moZjd lefUor
iks"kd rÙo izcU/kuA
flapkbZ rFkk ty fudklh
24 ihfj;M
¼d½ flapkbZ ds L=kksr ¼o`f"V] ugjs]a rkykc] ufn;ka] dq,]a uy dwi½
¼[k½ fodkl dh dfBu voLFkkvksa] le; varjky] e`nk esa ueh dh ek=kk rFkk ekSle ds iSjkehVjksa ds
vk/kkj ij flapkbZ dk dk;ZØe cukukA
¼x½ Q+lyksa ds fy, ty dh vko';drkA
¼?k½ flapkbZ rFkk ty fudkl dh fof/k;kaA
¼³½ ty laHkj izcU/ku
[kjirokj fu;a=k.k
08 ihfj;M
[kjiroky fu;a=k.k ds fl)kar] [kjirokj fu;a=k.k dh fof/k;ka ¼;kaf=kd] jlk;fud rFkk tSfod½ rFkk mudk
lesfdr izcU/kA
iQlysa
32 ihfj;M
cht dh D;kjh rS;kj djuk] cht dk mipkj chtus@lsous dk le; rFkk fof/k] cht nj moZjd nsus]
flapkbZ] fujkbZ&xqMkbZ rFkk [kjirokj fu;a=k.k dh ek=kk] le; rFkk fof/k] lkekU; dhV rFkk jksx] ¼thok.kq]
QaQwn] fo"kk.kq] fuesVksM }kjk gksus okys jksx rFkk O;kf/k;ka½ lefUor dhV izcU/ku dVkbZ mijkUr rduhdh eq[;
Qlyksa /kku] xsgwa] eDdk] Tokj] cktjk] ewaxQyh] ljlksa] vjgj] pyk] bZ[k] dikl] cjlhe dh dVkbZ] xgkbZ]
HkaMkj.k izØe.k ,oa foi.kuA
bdkbZ 2- ckxokuh
72 ihfj;M
¼d½ ekuo vkgkj esa Qyksa rFkk lfCt;ksa dk egro] Qly esa gsjQsj vkSj lalk/ku m|ksxA
¼[k½ m|ku&LFkku rFkk vfHkU;kl] 'kksHkkdkjh ckxokuh] 'kkd&okfVdkA
¼x½ jksi.k iz.kkyh] lk/kuk] dkV&NkaV djuk] varjk&lL;u] ok;q&vojks/k] ikys rFkk vkrinkg ls lqj{kkA
¼?k½ isM+] >kM+h] vkjksgh] okf"kZd] cgqo"khZ&ifjHkk"kk rFkk mnkgj.k] cht] dVkbZ] dyhdj.k] nkc yxkus rFkk
dye cka/kus }kjk izc/kZuA
¼³½ fuEufyf[kr [ksrh ds izlaLdj.k rFkk foi.ku dh fof/k;ka %
(i)
Qy&vke] iihrk] dsyk] ve:n] flVªl] vaxwjA
(ii)
lfCt;ka&ewyh] xktj] vkyw] I;kt] QwyxksHkh] cSaxu] VekVj] lykn rFkk iÙkk xksHkhA
(iii)
Qwy XysfM;ksyl( dsuk@xqynkmnh] xqykc rFkk xsankA
¼p½ Qyksa rFkk lfCt;ksa ds laj{k.k@ifjj{k.k ds fl)kar vkSj fof/k;kaA
¼N½ tSyh] tSl] dSp&vi fpIl rS;kj djuk vkSj mldh iSfdaxA
138
d{kk&
d{kk&12 ¼lS ) ka f rd½
,d iz'u i=k ¼lS)kafrd½
le; % 3 ?kaVs
iw.kk±d % 30
bdkbZ vuq l kj va d
bdkbZ
va d
¼d½ Qlyksa rFkk m|ku Ñf"k ¼ckxokuh½ ds izk;ksfxd dk;Z
10+6¾16
¼[k½ voyks d u
05
¼x½ laxzg.k rFkk nkSjs
07
¼?k½ ekSf[kd ijh{k.k
02
¼d½ Qlyksa ds izk;ksfxd dk;Z
38 ihfj;M
¼d½ Qlyksa ds chtksa ds vadqj.k dk izfr'kr Kkr djukA
¼[k½ e`nk ds uewus fudkyuk vkSj e`nk esa ueh dk irk yxkukA
¼x½ ikSn'kkyk rFkk chtksa dh D;kfj;ka rS;kj djukA
¼?k½ chtksa dk dodukf'k;ksa ls mpkj vkSj lw{ethoh lao/kZuA
¼³½ flapkbZ rFkk tyfudkl dh ukfy;ksa dk vfHkU;klA
¼p½ iks"kd rRoksa dh vko';drk ds vk/kkj ij Qlyksa ds fy, moZjd dh vko';drk dk ifjdyuA
¼N½ moZjd nsus dh fof/k;kaA
¼t½ chtus jksius dh fof/k;kaA
¼>½ fujkbZ & xq M + k bZ dh fØ;k,a & fujkbZ djuk] feV~ V h p<+ u kA
¼×k½ ,Q-okbZ-,e- rFkk dEiksLV rS;kj djukA
¼V½ dhV&fu;a=k.k rFkk iks"kd rFoksa ds fNM+dko ds fy, Qqgkj rFkk /kwfy=k ds ykHkA
¼B½ Qlyks a dh dVkbZ A
¼³½ Qly ds chtksa esa ueh dk fu/kkZj.k djukA
¼<½ fdlh Hkh Qly ds chtksa ds ,d gtkj dh ek=kk ;k Hkkj Kkr djukA
m|ku Ñf"k (ckxokuh) izk;ksfxd
¼d½ fo|ky; ds cxhps dk vfHkU;klA
¼[k½ ikS/k'kkyk mxkus] xeys yxkus rFkk jksi.k dh rS;kjhA
¼?k½ isM+ksa dh dkaV&NkaV djuk vkSj lk/kukA
¼³½ fo|ky; ds ykWu dks LFkkfir djuk vkSj mldk j[kj[kkoA
¼p½ VekVj dh dSp&vi rFkk Qyksa ds tSe] tSyh rS;kj djuk rFkk Qy@lfCt;ksa ds fpIl cukukA
139
¼[k½ vo
yk
voyk
ykss d u
16 ihfj;M
¼d½ Qlyksa ds chtksa dh igpkuA
¼[k½ fofHkUu Qlyksa ds ikS/kksa rFkk [kjirokjksa dh igpkuA
¼x½ [kknksa rFkk moZjdksa dh igpkuA
¼?k½ fofHkUu izdkj ds vkStkjksa rFkk midj.kksa dh igpkuA
¼³½ lkekU; LFkkuh; uk'kd dhVksa vkSj iks/kksa ds jksxksa dh igpkuA
¼p½ fofHkUu izdkj ds okf"kZd] f}o"khZ; rFkk cgqo"khZ; 'kksHkkdkjh dh igpkuA
¼x½ laxzg.k rFkk nkSjs
18 ihfj;M
¼d½ Qly rFkk [kjirokj ds ikS/kksa dk ouLifr&laxzg rS;kj djukA
¼[k½ Qly ds egÙoiw.kZ dhM+ksa rFkk ikS/kksa ds jksxxzLr vaxksa dk laxzg.k rFkk ifjj{k.kA
¼x½ izk;ksfxd fjdkMZA
¼?k½ LFkkuh; foLrkj ,tsafl;ksa }kjk vk;ksftr Qly izn'kZuh] Ñf"k fØ;kvksa] [ksr fnol] Ñf"k esyksa esa
Hkkx ysuk vkSj mudk nkSjk djukA
¼³½ bykds ds egÙoiw.kZ Qyks|ku] jkT; vuqla/kku Qeks±@cht o/kZu Qkeks± vkSj Ñf"k fo'ofo|ky;@Ñf"k
egkfo|ky;ksa rFkk [kk| izØe.k m|ksxksa dk Hkze.kA
fVIi.kh % fo|kFkhZ vius nkSjksa ds nkSjku izkIr vuqHko ds vk/kkj ij fyf[kr fjiksVZ izLrqr djsaA
¼?k½ ekS f [kd ijh{kk
Ñf"k izk;ksfxd
¼d½ iz;ksxksa dh lwph
1- crk, x, dhM+ksa dh izfr dhVuk'kh ds lkFk cht dk mipkjA
2- fn;s x, Qly ds ,d gtkj chtksa dk Hkkj Kkr djsaA
3- ,d 10 gSDVs;j ds QkeZ dh ;k ,d gSDVs;j ds fo|ky; m|ku [ksr ds fy, flapkbZ rFkk ty
fudkl dh ukfy;ksa dh vfHkU;kl ;kstuk cuk,aA
4- e`nk dh ueh@ih-,p- dk irk yxkus ds fy, e`nk ds uewus ysukA
5- crk, x, [kk|kUu rFkk lCth dh Qly ds fy, vkn'kZ cht D;kjh@ulZjh D;kjh rS;kj djukA
6- crkbZ xbZ Qly ds fufnZ"V {ks=k ds fy, moZjd dh vko';drk dk ifjdyu djukA
7- [ksr dh fdlh fof'k"V Qly esa crk, gq, dhM+s ds izfr ,d fufnZ"V {ks=k esa visf{kr dhVuk'kh dh
ek=kk dk ifjdyuA blds vuqiz;ksx dh fof/k Hkh iznf'kZr djsaA
8- iznf'kZr djsa fd vkidks nh xbZ QkeZ dh vif'k"V lkexzh ls vki vkn'kZ dEiksLV dSls rS;kj djsaxsA
9- lCth@Qy ds crk, x, mRiknu rS;kj djsaA
10- crk, x, ikS/ks ds izo/kZu dh vkn'kZ fof/k] iznf'kZr djsaA
140
11- fn, x, uewuksa dh igpku djsa vkSj muesa ls izR;sd ij nks iafDr dh fVIi.kh fy[ksaA
12- iz;ksxksa dh fjdkMZ] laxzg.k] l=k dk;Z] xeys ds ikS/kksa dk j[kj[kko vkSj nkSjs dh fjiksVZA
13- ekSf[kd ijh{kkA
¼[k½ ewY;kadu ds fy, lkekU; fn'kkfunsZ'k %
1- (i) ijh{kd mi;qZDr igys 7 izk;ksfxd vH;klksa esa ls dksbZ ,d ns nsaA mlds 10 vad gksaxsA
(ii) os vxys nks iz;ksxksa ¼8 rFkk 9½ esa ls ,d nsaxs] ftlds 6 vad gksaxsA
(iii) igpku ds fy, v/;kid ikap ensa nsxkA gj en dk ,d vad gksxk ¼½ vad igpku ds fy,
vkSj ½ vad nks iafDr dh fVIi.kh ds fy, ¼5 vad½A
(iv) iz;ksxksa ds fjdkMZ rFkk xeys ds ikS/kksa ds j[kj[kko ds fy, nks&nks vad gksaxsA laxzg.k] l=k
dk;Z rFkk nkSjs dh fjiksVks± ds fy, ,d&,d vad ¼7 vad½A
(v) ekSf[kd ijh{kk ds nks vad gksaxsA
2- [ksrksa ds iz;ksxks]a Qy ifjj{k.k rFkk izo/kZu dh fof/k;ksa ds fy, fo|kFkhZ ds mÙkj iqfLrdk esa ;g fy[kuk
gksxk fd dkSu&lh fof/k viukbZ xbZ gS vkSj dkSu&dkSu lh ,gfr;kr cjruk t:jh gSA
izLrkfor lanHkZ %
1- xkMZu ¶ykolZ] ys-oh- Lo:i] us'kuy cqd VªLV vkWQ bafM;kA
2- 'kL; foKku ds ewyHkwr fl)kar] ys-;w-ds- oekZ] fgUnh xzaFk vdkneh] iVuk ¼fcgkj½A
3- ekMuZ VsDuhDl vkWQ jsftax QhYM ØkWIl] ys fNn~nk flag] vkWDl QksMZ ,.M vkbZ-ch-,p- ifCyf'kax
da- ubZ fnYyhA
4- esU;kslZ ,.M QfVZykbtlZ] ys-ds-,l- ;koydk ts-ih- vxzoky rFkk ,l- cksdM+sA
5- ÝwV~l] ys[kd j.kthr flag] us'kuy cqd VªLV] ubZ fnYyhA
6- oSftVscy] ys-ch- pkS/kjh] us'kuy cqd VªLV] ubZ fnYyhA
7- bEikVsZV czhMy vkWQ dSVy ,.M cqQSykst] vkbZ-lh-,-vkj- ubZ fnYyhA
8- gSaMcqd vkWQ ,fuey gLcSMjh] vkbZ-lh-,-vkj- ubZ fnYyhA
9- gSaMcqd vkWQ ,fuey gLcSaMjh] vkbZ-lh-,-vkj-] ubZ fnYyhA
10- lk;Yt vkWQ bafM;k] ,Q-,-vkbZ- ifCyds'ku] ubZ fnYyhA
11- IykV czhfMax] ys-ch-Mh- flag] dY;k.kh ifCyds'ku] ubZ fnYyhA
12- tsusfVDl] ys-ih-lh- xqIrk] jLrksxh ifCyds'ku] esjB ¼m-iz-½A
13- n lk;y lkbal] ys-Vh-Mh- foLokl rFkk ,l-ds- eq[kthZ] VkVk eSdxzk&fgy ifCyds'ku da-fy- ubZ fnYyhA
vuqns'k&,oa izk;ksfxd eSU;qvy] ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh- izdk'ku
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
(vii)
(viii)
,xzhdYpjy feVh;ksjkyksth] ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh- izdk'kuA
feYd ,.M feYd izksMDV~l] ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh- izdk'kuA
QhM~l ,.M QhfMax vkWQ Ms;jh ,uheYl] ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh- izdk'kuA
QfVZykbtlZ ,.M esU;kslZ] ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh- izdk'kuA
lk;y ,.M bV~l izksiVhZt] ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh- izdk'kuA
IykaV izkisxs'ku] ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh- izdk'kuA
¶yksjhdYpj] ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh-] izdk'kuA
ÝwV dYpj] ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh- izdk'kuA
141
14- dEI;wVj foKku (dksM 083)
vfèkxe mís';µ
1- leL;k ds gy ds fy, rdZ dk fodkl djukA
2- y{; foU;kflr fØ;kfofèk dh ladYiuk dk vocks/ku djukA
3-
C++
ds mi;ksx }kjk y{; foU;kflr izkxs kz eu dk dk;kZUo;u djukA
4- lEcUèkijd MkVkcsl ij dk;Z djus dh ladYiuk dk vocksèku djukA
5- rdZ ds chtxf.kr dh ewy ladYiuk dk vocksèku djukA
6- lapkj rFkk usVodZ ds lalkj dk vocksèku rFkk vUos"k.k djukA
7- osc lsokvksa dh ladYiuk dk vocksèku djukA
8- LFkkuhdj.k leL;kvksa dk vocksèku djukA
l{kerk,¡µ
fo|kFkhZ fuEufyf[kr esa fuiq.k gks tk,xk %
1- vfHkdfy=k ds vo;oksa dh igpku djukA
2- y{; foU;kflr izkxs kz eu ds mi;ksx }kjk leL;k gy djukA
3- MkVkcsl dk;kZUo;uA
4- lapkj rFkk [kqyk lzkrs 'kCnkoyh
142
d{kk
XI
lS¼kfUrd
le;% 3 ?kUVs
bdkbZ la[;k
vf/dre vad % 70
bdkbZ dk uke
va d
1
vfHkdfy=k&ewyHkwr fl)kUr
10
2
izkxs kz eu fØ;k fofèk
10
3
C++
ls ifjp;
15
4
C++
esa izksxzkeu
35
dqy vad
70
bdkbZ&1 % vfHkdfy=k&ewyHkwr fl¼kUr
vfHkdfy=k dk fodkl] vfHkdfy=k rFkk blds izpkyu ds ewyHkwr fl)kUr] izdk;kZRed vo;o rFkk
buds vUr% lacaèk] cwfVax dh ladYiukA
lkWÝVos;j dh ladYiuk
lkW¶Vos;j ds izdkj iz.kkyh] lkW¶Vos;j mi;ksxh lkW¶Vos;j vuqi;z ksx lkW¶Vos;j iz.kkyh lkW¶Vos;j@izpky;A
iz . kkyh lkW ¶ Vos ; j % izpkyu iz.kkyh dEikbyj] bUVjizsVj rFkk ,lsEcyj
mi;ksxh lkW¶Vos;j ,sUVhok;jl] Qkby izcUèku Vwy] dEiz's ku Vwy rFkk fMLd izcUèku Vwy ¼fMLd] Dyhuvi]
cSdvi½
Vwy dh Hkkafr vuqiz;ksx lkW¶Vos;j oMZ izkl
s l
s j] izLrqrhdj.k Vwy] Lih;MZ'khV iSdt
s ] MkVkcsl izcUèku
iz.kkyh( O;olk;h lkW¶Vos;j ¼mnkgj.kkFkZ fo|ky; izcUèku iz.kkyh] lEifÙk&lwph izcUèku iz.kkyh] osru fpëk iz.kkyh]
foÙkh; ys[kk] gksVy izcUèku] rFkk vkj{k.k iz.kkyh½
izpkyu iz.kkyh izpkyu iz.kkyh dh vko';drk] izpkyu iz.kkyh ds izdk;Z ¼izkslslj izcUèku] Le`fr
izcUèku] Qkby izcUèku rFkk ;qfDr izcUèku½] izpkyu iz.kkyh ds izdkj bUVj,fDVo ¼GUI vkèkkfjr½]
le;&ckaVuk] okLrfod le; rFkk cafVr( lkekU;r% mi;ksx dh tkus okyh izpkyu iz.kkfy;k¡] LINUX, WINDOWS,
Bharti 00, Solaris, UNIX;
mijksDr esa ls fdlh Hkh ,d izpkyu iz.kkyh ds mi;ksx }kjk fuEufyf[kr dk;ks± dh O;k[;k rFkk
vH;kl %
foUMks [kksyuk@cUn djuk
Qkbyks a @ Qks Y Mjks a dk l` t u@xfreku djuk@fu"dklu
Qkbyks@QksYMjksa dk iqu% ukedj.k
dk;ks± ds chp vnyk&cnyh
143
la[;k iz.kkyh ckbujh] vkWDVy] MSlhey] gsDlkMslhey rFkk nks fHkUu la[;k iz.kkfy;ksa ds chp :ikUrj.kA
vkUrfjd Hk.Mkj.k( vfHky{k.kksa dk dksMu ASCI I, ISCI I (Indian Scripts Standard Code for Informaation
Interchange), rFkk UNICODE ¼cgqHkk"kh; vfHkdyu ds fy,½
ekbØksizkslslj( ewy ladYiuk] DykWd LihM
(MHZ, GHZ), 16 bit, 32 bit, 64 bit,
izkls ls j % izdkj
CISC,
RISC;
Le`fr ladYiuk %
ek=kd %
Byte, kilobyte, Megabite, Gigabite, Terabite, Petabite
izkFkfed Le`fr %
Cache, RAM, ROM
f}rh;d Le`fr % gkMZ fMLd Mªkbo]
CD/DVD
Mªkbo] isu Mªkbo] CY;w js fMLd
fuos'k fuxZr iksVZ@la;kstu % lhfj;y] ik'oZ rFkk lkoZf=kd lhfj;y cl]
PS-2
iksVZ] vojDr iksVZ] CY;wVwFk
bdkbZ&2 % izksxzkeu fØ;kfofèk
O;kid ladYiuk] ekWM~;qyj n`f"Vdks.k] O;atdksa dh Li"Vrk ,oa ljyrk] igpkudrkZ ds mfpr uke dk
iz;ksx] Vhdk&fVIif.k;k¡] izksxzke izys[ku rFkk vuqj{k.k] izksxzkeksa dks pykuk rFkk nks"k ektZu djuk] okD;
jpuk =kqfV;k¡] ju&Vkbe =kqfV;k¡] rkfdZd =kqfV;k¡
leL;k&gy djus dh dk;Zfofèk rFkk rduhd] leL;k vocksèku] fuxZr ds fy, vko';d fuos'kksa
dh U;wure la[;k dh igpku] leL;k dk pj.kc) gy] gy dks ljy pj.kksa esa ck¡Vuk] gy ds vko';d
vadxf.krh; rFkk rkfdZd izpkyuksa dh igpku] fu;fU=kr lajpuk dk mi;ksx djuk] izfrcfUèkr fu;U=k.k
rFkk ik'ku ¼ifjfer ,oa vifjfer½
bdkbZ&3 : C++ ls ifjp;
vkjfEHkd rS;kfj;k¡
C++vfHky{k.k
lsV] C++ Vksdu ¼vfHkfuèkkZjd] ladrs 'kCn] fLFkjkad] izpkyd½ C++ izkxs kz e dh lajpuk ¼Qkbysa
lfEefyr djuk] izeq[k izdk;Z½( ghMj Qkbysa] vkbvksLVªhe h, vkbvkseSfui h; cout, cin; I/O izpkydksa dk
mi;ksx (<< rFkk >>), endl rFkk setw () ds mi;ksx] I/O izpkydksa dk lksikuhdj.k] =kqfV lUns'k] lEiknd
dk mi;ksx] lEiknd ds ewyHkwr vkns'k] ladyu] lEidZ rFkk fØ;kUo;u] C Hkk"kk ls ekud fuos'k@fuxZr
izpkyu( gets (), puts () of Stdio. h. ghMj QkbyA
MkVk izdkj] pj rFkk fLFkjkad
MkVk izdkj dh ladYiuk] vUr% fufeZr MkVk izdkj % char, int, float rFkk double; fLFkjkad] iw.kk±d
fLFkjkad vfHky{k.k fLFkjkad ¼fiPNV vfHky{k.k fLFkjkad -/n, /t½] ¶yksfVax ikbaV fLFkjkad] fLVªax fLFkjkad
vfHkxe ifjorZdA Const; vUr% fufeZr MkVk izdkj ds pj] pjksa dh ?kks"[email protected]( fu;ru izdFku] Vkbi
ifjorZd] gLrk{kfjr] vgLrk{kfjr] yEckA
144
izpkyd rFkk O;atd
izpkyd( vadxf.kr izpkyd (-, +, *, /, %) ;wujS h izpkyd] ¼&½] o`f) rFkk Ðkl izpkyd (-, ++)] lEcUèkd
izpkyd (>, > =, <,< =,= =, ! =) rkfdZd izpkyd (l, &&, ll)] l'krZ izpkyd <condition> ? <if true> : <else>;
izpkydksa dk iwoZ mnkgj.k] O;atd( O;atdksa esa Lor% izdkj ds :ikUrj.k] Vkbi dkfLVax] C++ vk'kqfyfi;k¡ (+ =,
- +, * =, / =, % =)
bdkbZ&4 : C++ esa izksxzkeu
fu;U=k.k dk izokg
l'krZ izdFku( if-else, uhfMr if, switch... care... default, uhfMr switch... case Hkax izdFku ¼dsoy
case esa gh iz;ksx djus gS½a ( ik'k % while, do-while, for rFkk uhfMr ik'kk
switch...
vfHky{k.k izdk;Z
ghMj Qkby %
isalnum (), isalpha (), isdigit, is lower (), isupper (), toower (), toupper (),
izdk;Z %
String
Ctype. h
izdk;Z
ghMj Qkby %
izdk;Z %
string. h
is alnum (), is alpha (), is digit (), is lower (), is supper (), tolwer (), toupper ()
xf.krh; izdk;Z
ghMj Qkby
izdk;Z %
math. h stdlib. h;
randomize (), random ()
miHkksDr&ikfjHkkf"kr izdk;Z
izdk;Z dks ikfjHkkf"kr djuk] izdk;Z vkfniz:i] izdk;Z dh ;kpuk@iqdkj] rdks± dks izdk;Z dh vksj vxzlj djuk]
rdZ fof'k"Vhdj.k dk MkVk izdkj] O;frØe rdZ] fLFkjkad rdZ] ewY; }kjk iqdkj] lUnHkZ }kjk izdkj] izdk;Z }kjk
ewY; dks okil djuk] O;wgksa ds lkFk izdk;ks± dh iqdkj djuk] izdk;ks± rFkk pjksa ds foLrkj fu;e] LFkkuh; rFkk
oSf'od pjA
lajfpr MkVk izdkj % O;wg
,d foeh; O;wg dh ?kks"[email protected]] O;wg vo;oksa dk fuos'ku] O;wg vo;oksa dh igqp
a ] O;wg vo;oksa dk
tksM+&rksM+ ¼vo;oksa dk ;ksx] vo;oksa dk xq.kuQy] vo;oksa dk vkSlr] jSf[kd [kkst] vfèkdre@U;wure eku Kkr
djuk½
145
fLVªxa dh ?kks"[email protected]] fLVªxa tksM+&rksM+ Lojks@a O;atuks@a vad@fo'ks"k vfHky{k.kksa dh fxurh djuk] izdj.k
:ikUrj.k] fLVªxa dk mRØe.k] fLVªxa ds izR;sd 'kCn dk mRØe.k½(
nks foHkh; O;wg
nks foeh; O;wg dh ?kks"[email protected]] O;wg vo;oksa dk fuos'k] O;wg vo;oksa dh igqp
¡ ] O;wg vo;oksa dh tksM+&rksM+
¼iafDr vo;oksa dk ;ksx] LrEHk vo;o] fod.kZ vo;o] vfèkdre@U;wure eku Kkr djukA
miHkksDrk ikfjHkkf"kr MkVk izdkj
miHkksDrk ikfjHkkf"kr MkVk izdkj dh vko';drkA
ladsr 'kCnksa ds izdkjksa dk mi;ksx djds izrhd uke dh ifjHkk"kk djuk rFkk
dk mi;ksx djds macro dh ifjHkk"kk fy[kukA
# Define direetivie
lajpuk,¡
lajpuk dh ifjHkk"kk djuk] lajpuk pjksa dh ?kks"k.kk djuk] lajpuk vo;oksa rd igq¡p] eku rFkk
lUnHkZ dks.kkad@izkpy ds :i esa lajpuk dk izdk;Z dh vxzlj djuk] izdk;Z okilh lajpuk] lajpukvksa
dk O;wg] fdlh O;wg dh lajpuk dks fdlh dks.kkad@izkpy ds :i esa izdk;Z dh vksj vxzlj djukA
d{kk
XI
(izk;ksfxd)
le;% 3 ?kUVs
1--
C++
dqy vad % 70
esa izksxzkeu
ijh{kk ds le; vfHkdfy=k esa C++ esa ,d izksxzkeu leL;k fodflr ,oa ij[kh tkuh gSA vadksa
dk vkaoVu fuEufyf[kr ds vkèkkj ij fd;k x;k gS %
rdZ
%
5 vad
iz y s [ ku@nUrq j hdj.k
%
2 vad
fuxZ r iz L rq r hdj.k
%
3 vad
2-- iz k ;ks t uk dk;Z
fLVªxa ] la[;k rFkk O;wg tksM+&rksM+ lEcUèkh leL;k,¡A
O;kid ekxZn'kZu
vkjfEHkd vko';drk] miHkksDrk ds fy, vUrjki`"B fodflr djuk ¼ikB~; oLrq vkèkkfjr vUrjki`"B LØhu
dks mi;ksx djus dk ijke'kZ fn;k tkrk gS½ [ksy [ksyus ds fy, rdZ fodflr djuk rFkk vad vftZr djus ds
fy, rdZ fodflr djukA
1- Le`fr [ksy % la[;k vuqeku yxkus dk ,d ,slk [ksy ftlesa ,sls nks foeh; O;wgksa dk vuqi;ksx
gksrk gks ftuesa ckWDlksa dh Hkhrj ;kn`fPNd :i ls tfur ;qxyksa esa la[;k,¡ fNih gSaA
146
Cross' N Knots Game :
2-
,d fu;fer
tic, tec, toe
[ksy
3- gkWyhoqM@gSaxeSu % 'kCn vuqeku yxkus dk [ksy
Cow' N Bulls :
4-
'kCn@la[;k vuqeku yxkus dk [ksy
vU; {ks=kksa esa blh izdkj dh izk;kstuk,¡ yh tk ldrh gSaA
¼tSlk fd ikB~;Øe ds vUr esa fn, x, izk;kstuk ds fy, lkekU; ekxZn'kZu esa o.kZu fd;k x;k
gS izk;kstuk dk;Z 2&4 fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds lewg esa fd;k tkuk gSA½
3- izk;ksfxd Qkby
d{kk
XI
05
ds ikB~;Øe ds vUrxZr vè;;u dh x;h fo"k;oLrq ls de ls de 15 izkxs kz e gksus pkfg,A
5 izksxzke fu;fU=kr lajpukvksa ij
4 izksxzke O;wg tksM+&rksM+ ij
4 izksxzke fLVªax tksM+&rksM+ ij
2 izksxzke lajpuk tksM+&rksM+ ij
4-- ekSf[kd iz'u
05
ekSf[kd iz'u d{kk
XI
ds ikB~;Øe rFkk fo|kFkhZ }kjk fodflr izk;kstuk ij iwNs tk,¡xAs
d{kk
XII
(lS¼kfUrd)
le;% 3 ?kUVs
bdkbZ la [ ;k
bdkbZ dk uke
va d
1
C++
esa izksxzkeu
30
2
MkVk la j puk,¡
14
3
MkVkcsl rFkk
4
cwfy;u rdZ
08
5
lapkj rFkk [kqyk lzkrs ladYiuk,¡
10
SQL
08
dqy
bdkbZ&1 %
C++
70
esa izksxzkeu
iqujh{k.k % d{kk
XI
esa vè;;u fd;k x;k
C++
ikB~;Øe
y{; foU;kflr izksxzkeu
y{; foU;kflr izksxzkeu dh ladYiuk MkVk fNikuk] MkVklaiqVu] oxZ rFkk y{;] vewrZ oxZ rFkk
izR;{k oxZ] cgqlHa kkO;rk ¼cgqlHa kkO;rk dk dk;kZUo;u C++ esa ,d mnkgj.k ds :i esa QUd'ku vksojyksfMax
dk mi;ksx djds½( oa'kkxfr] iwoZ izkxs kz eu dk;Zfofèk;ksa dh rqyuk esa y{; foU;kflr izkxs kz eu ds ykHk]
147
C++
esa y{; foU;kflr izksxzkeu ladYiukvksa dk dk;kZUo;u %
oxZ dh ifjHkk"kk] oxZ ds lnL; % MkVk lnL; rFkk lnL; izdk;Z ¼fofèk;k¡½W ] futh rFkk jktdh; n`';rk foèkkvksa
dk mi;ksx] forFk n`';rk fo/kk ¼futh½] lnL; izdk;Z ifjHkk"kk % Ldksi foHksnu izpkyd ¼% %½ ds mi;ksx }kjk
vkUrfjd oxZ ifjHkk"kk rFkk cká oxZ ifjHkk"kk] fdlh oxZ ds mnkgj.k ds :i esa y{; dh ?kks"k.kk] y{;ksa ls lnL;ksa
rd igqp
a ] oxZ izdkj dk O;wg] izdk;Z rdks± ds :i esa y{;&ewY; }kjk vkxs c<+kuk rFkk lUnHkZ }kjk vkxs c<+kukA
fuekZrk rFkk foèoUld
fuekZrk % fof'k"V vfHky{k.k] fuekZrk dh ifjHkk"kk rFkk ?kks"k.kk] forFkZ fuekZrk] vfrHkkfjr fuekZrk] dkWih
fuekZrk] forFk rdks± lfgr fuekZrk(
foèoUld % fof'k"V vfHky{k.k] foèoUld dh ifjHkk"kk rFkk ?kks"k.kkA
oa'kkxfr (foLrkfjr oxZ)
oa'kkxfr dh ladYiuk] vkèkkj oxZ] O;qRiUu oxZ] O;qRiUu oxks± dh ifjHkk"kk djuk] jf{kr n`';rk foèkk(
,dy Lrj oa'kkxfr] cgqLrj oa'kkxfr rFkk cgq oa'kkxfr] futh rkSj ij O;qRiUu rFkk lkoZtfud rkSj ij
O;qRiUu oxZ] y{;ksa rFkk O;qRiUu oxks± ds Hkhrj lnL;ksa dk vfHkxeuA
MkVk iQkby lapkyu %
MkVk Qkby dh vko';drk] MkVk Qkbyksa ds izdkj] ikB~; Qkby rFkk f}vkèkkjh QkbyA
ikB~; iQkby %
ikB~; Qkby ij ewyHkwr Qkby izpkyu] Qkby esa ikB~; dk l`tu@ys[ku] igys ls mifLFkr ikB~;
Qkbyksa dk iBu rFkk tksM+&rksM+ ¼vkuqØfedrk vfHkxeu½
f}vkèkkjh iQkby %
Qkby dk l`tu] Qkby esa MkVk ys[ku] Qkby ls vko';d MkVk dh [kkst] Qkby esa MkVk layXu
djuk] NaVh Qkbyksa esa MkVk izfof"V] Qkby ls MkVk fudky nsuk] fdlh Qkby esa MkVk dk la'kksèku
C++
esa mijksDr of.kZr MkVk Qkby dk fØ;kUo;u
Qkby lapkyu ds lkFk
of stream oxZ
in, out
rFkk
app
C++
esa mi;ksx gksus okys vo;o % ghMj Qkby %
fsteam. h; ifstram, ofstream,
foèkkvksa esa dksbZ ikB~; Qkby [kksyuk %
Qkby esa ikB~; lkexzh fy[kus rFkk Qkby ls ikB~; lkexzh i<+us ds lksikuhdj.k izpkydksa dk mi;ksx
w u ¼eof ( ) izdk;Z dk
djuk( open ( ), get ( ), put ( ), getline ( ) rFkk close ( ), izdk;Z] Qkby&ds&vUr dk lalp
mi;ksx djds rFkk blds fcuk½ %
in, out
rFkk
app
foèkkvksa ds mi;ksx }kjk f}vk/kkjh Qkby [kksyuk
148
open ( ), read ( ), write ( ) rFkk close ( )
izdk;Z] Qkby&ds&vUr dk lalp
w u ¼eof ( ) izdk;Z dk mi;ksx djds
rFkk blds fcuk½ % tellg ( ), tell p ( ), seekg ( ), sees p ( ) izdk;Z
ladsrd
ladrs dksa dh ?kks"k.kk rFkk izkjEHkhdj.k] xfrd Le`fr vkaoVu@fovkaoVu izpkyd % new, delete : ladrs d rFkk
O;wg % ladrs dksa dk O;wg] O;wg ds fy, ladrs d ¼1 foeh; O;wg½] ladrs d dh okilh izdk;Z] lanHkZ pj rFkk Nne
uke dk mi;ksx] lanHkZ }kjk izdk;Z vkºoku] lajpukvksa ds fy, ladrs d] vuqorZu izpkyd] *, - >; Lor% lanfHkZr
lajpuk,¡A
bdkbZ&2 % MkVk lajpuk,¡
O;w g
,d rFkk nks foeh; O;wg] Øekxr vkaoVu rFkk irk ifjdyu
,d foeh; O;wg % ekykjs[kh;] [kkst djuk ¼jSf[kd] f}vkèkkjh [kkst½] fdlh O;wg esa fdlh vo;o dh izfof"V]
fdlh O;wg ls futh rRo dks gVkuk] NaVkbZ ¼izfof"V] p;u] cqn cqn NkaV½ nks jSf[kd O;wgksa dk laÜk`[a kyu] nks NaVs O;wgksa
dk foy;(
nks foeh; O;wg % ekyk js[kh;] la[;kad eku okys nks
O;wg esa iafDr;ksa o LrEHk vo;oksa esa O;frgkjA
N×M
O;wgksa dk ;ksx@vUrj Kkr djuk] fdlh nks foeh;
fpfr (O;wg rFkk fpfr dk lac¼ dk;kZUo;u) %
fpfr ij izpkyu (PUSH rFkk POP) rFkk bldk C++ esa dk;kZUo;u] O;atdksa dks INFIX ls POSTFIX ladrs u
esa ifjofrZr djuk rFkk POSTFIX O;atd dk ewY;kadu djukA
iafDr % (o`Ùkh; O;wg rFkk lac¼ dk;kZUo;u) %
iafDr ij izpkyu ¼izfof"V rFkk gVkuk½ rFkk bldk
C++
esa dk;kZUo;uA
bdkbZ&3 % MkVkcsl rFkk SQL
MkVkcsl ladYiuk,¡ %
lEcUèkijd MkVk ekWMy % dk;Z{ks=k ¼Mkseus ½ dh ladYiuk V~;iw y] lEcUèk] dqt
a h] izkFkfed dqt
a h] oSdfYid dqt
a h]
fo|kFkhZ&dqath(
lac/a kijd chtxf.kr] p;u] iz{ksi] lfEeyu rFkk dkrhZ; xq.ku
lajfpr iz'u Hkk"kk
(SQL)
O;kid ladYiuk,¡]
SQL
ds mi;ksx ds ykHk] MkVk ifjHkk"kk Hkk"kk rFkk MkVk tksM+&rksM+ Hkk"kk
MkVk izdkj % la[;k] y{k.k] fnukad
149
SQL vkns'k % CREATE TABLE, DROP TABLE, ALTER TABLE, UPDATE... SET.., INSERT, DELETE;
SELECT, DISTINCT, FROM, WHERE, IN, BETWEEN, GROUP BY, HAVING, ORDER BY
SQL izdk;Z
%
SUM, AVG, COUNT, MAX
rFkk
uks V % mijksDr vkns'kksa dk dk;kZUo;u fdlh Hkh
fd;k tk ldrk gSA
MIN;
SQL
lefFkZr lkW¶Vos;j ij ,d vFkok nks lkjf.k;ksa ij
bdkbZ&4 % cwfy;u ykWftd (cwyh; rdZ)
f}vkèkkjh eku okyh jkf'k;k¡] cwyh; pj] cwyh; fLFkjkad rFkk cwyh; izpkyd % AND, OR, NOT; lR;eku
lkj.kh] laojd xq.k] lap;h fu;e] lkgp;Z fu;e] rRled fu;e] izfrykse ¼O;qRØe½ fu;e] }Sr&fl)kUr]
oxZle fu;e] caVu fu;e] vo'kks"k.k fu;e] vUroZyu fu;e] ns ekWxZu&fu;e rFkk buds vuqiz;ksxA
lR;eku lkj.kh ls xq.kuQy dk ;ksx :i (SOP) rFkk ;ksx dk xq.kuQy :i (POS) izkIr djuk@cwyh; O;atdksa
¼SOP rFkk POS½ dks buds fuEure :iksa esa ?kVkuk] cwyh; O;atdksa dks ¼4 pjksa rd½ U;wurehÑr djus esa dkjukQ
ekufp=k dk mi;ksx]
ewyHkwr rdZ xsV (NOT, AND, OR, NAND, NOR) ds mi;ksx vadh; bysDVªkfW ud ifjiFkksa dh vfHkdYiukA
SQL SELECT izdFkuksa esa cyh; izpkydksa (AND, OR) dk mi;ksxA
lpZ batu iz'kuksa esa cwyh; izpkydksa (AND, OR) dk mi;ksxA
bdkbZ&5 % lapkj rFkk [kqyk lzksr ladYiuk,¡
usVofd±x dk fodkl %
ARPANET,
bUVjusV] bUVjLisl(
fLofpax rduhd ds lUnHkZ esa usVodZ ds vkjikj] MkVk Hkstus ds fofHkUu <ax
MkVk lapkj] 'kCnkoyh
psuy dh ladYiuk] cS.M] cS.M&pkSMkbZ
(Hz, KHz, MHz, GHz)
rFkk MkVk LFkkukUrj.k nj
(bps, kbps, Mbps,
Gbps, Tbps)
izs"k.k ekè;e
O;kofrZr ;qxy dscy] lek{kh dscy] izdkf'kd rUrq] vojDr] jsfM;ksfyad] ekbØksoos fyad rFkk mixzg fyad
usVodZ ;qfDr;k¡
ekWMes ]
RJ 45
dusDVj] bZFkjusV dkMZ] gc] fLop] xsVos
usVodZ lafLFkfr;k¡ rFkk izdkj
cl] rkjk] o`{k %
DAN, LAN, WAN, MAN
dh ladYiuk,¡
usVodZ izksVksdkWy
TCP/IP,
Qkby LFkkukUrj.k izkVs ksdkWy (FTP), PPP, Level-Remote Login (Telnet), bUVjusV] csrkj@eksckby
lapkj] izkVs ksdkWy tSls GSM, CDM, GDRS, WLL; bysDVªkfW ud esy izkVs ksdkWy tSls SMTP, POP3, IMAP, Chat,
ohfM;ks lEesyu VOIP izkVs ksdkWy tSls WIFI rFkk WIMAX.
150
usVodZ lqj{kk ladYiuk,¡ %
ok;jlks]a okse]Z Vªkt
W u gkWl]Z LiSe dh vk'kadk,¡ ,oa buls lqj{kk
dqdht
dk mi;ksx] Qk;joky ds mi;ksx ls cpko(
bfUM;k
I.T.
,DV( lkbcj fu;e] lkbcj vijkèk]
IPR
okn fo"k;] gSfdax
osc lsok,¡ %
Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML), eXtensible Markup Language (XML); Hyper Text Transfer
Protocol (HTTP),
dk;Z{ks=k ds uke] URL izkVs ksdkWy irk( osc lkbV] osc czkmlj] osc ljoj] osc gksfLVax] osc
fLØfIVax&DykbaV lkbM ¼VB fLØIV] tkok fLØIV] PHP½ rFkk ljoj lkbM ¼ASP, JSP, PHP½
osc 2-0 ¼lekftd usVofdZxa ds fy,½
[kqyk lzksr 'kCnkoyh
[kqyk lzkrs lkW¶Vos;j] Ýhos;j] 'ks;j os;j] futh lkW¶Vos;j]
d{kk
XII
FLOSS, GNU, FSF, OSI
(izk;ksfxd)
le;% 3 ?kUVs
1--
C++
dqy vad % 70
10
es a iz k s x z k eu
ijh{kk ds le; vfHkdfy=k esa C++ esa ,d izkxs kz eu leL;k fodflr ,oa ij[kh tkuh gS]a vadksa dk vkaoVu
fuEufyf[kr ds vkèkkj ij fd;k x;k gS
rdZ
%
5 vad
izys[[email protected]
%
2 vad
fuxZr izLrqrhdj.k
%
3 vad
uksV % nh tkus okyh leL;k fuEufyf[kr fo"k;ksa ij vuqi;z ksx izdkj dh gksxh
2--
O;wg ¼,d foeh; rFkk nks foeh;½
lajpuk dk O;wg
O;wg rFkk lac) dk;kZUo;u ds mi;ksx }kjk fpfr
O;wg ¼o`Ùkh;½ rFkk lac) dk;kZUo;u ds mi;ksx }kjk iafDr
f}vkèkkjh Qkby izpkyu ¼l`tu] izn'kZu] [kkstuk] la'kksèku½
ikB~; Qkby izpkyu ¼l`tu] izn'kZu rFkk la'kksèku½
SQL
05
vkns'k
ijh{kk ds le; vfHkdfy=k ij izk;ksfxd :i esa fo'ks"k lkj.kh@izfrfØ;k ij vkèkkfjr lUnsgkRed ik¡p iz'uksa
dk ijh{k.k fd;k tkuk gSA ifj.kke lfgr vkns'kksa dks mÙkj iqfLrdk ij fy[kk tkuk pkfg,A
151
3-- izk;kstuk dk;Z
05
izk;kstuk dk fodkl y{; foU;kflr izk|
S ksfxdh ds lkFk] ftlesa MkVk Qkby dk mi;ksx Hkh gksuk pkfg,]
Hkk"kk esa fd;k tkuk gSA ¼izk;kstuk dk fodkl 2&4 fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds lewg esa fd;k tkuk gSA½
C++
vfHkdfy=k ij izLrqrhdj.k
izk;kstuk fjiksVZ ¼lwphc)rk] uewuk] fuxZr] izy[s ku½
ekSf[kd iz'u
4-- izk;ksfxd Qkby
05
fuEufyf[kr fo"k;ksa ij de&ls&de 20 izkxs kz e gksus pkfg, %
O;wg ¼,d foeh; rFkk nks foeh; vo;oksa dk NkaVuk] [kkstuk] foyhu djuk] gVkuk rFkk izfof"V djuk½
lajpuk ds O;wg] y{;ksa ds O;wg
O;wg rFkk lac) dk;kZUo;u ds mi;ksx }kjk fpfr
O;wg ¼o`Ùkh;½ rFkk lac) dk;kZUo;u ds mi;ksx }kjk iafDr
f}vkèkkjh] Qkby ikB~; izpkyuA ¼l`tu] vkèkqfud cukuk] 'kadk½
vfHkdyu vkèkkfjr dksbZ Hkh leL;kA
fdlh lkj.kh@lacèa k ij vkèkkfjr 15
SQL
03
vkns'k fuxZr lfgr
5-- ekSf[kd iz'u
05
ekSf[kd iz'u fo|kFkhZ }kjk fodflr izk;kstuk rFkk d{kk
izk;kstuk ds fy, ekxZn'kZu (d{kk
XI
rFkk
XII
XII
ds vUrxZr ikB~;Øe ls iwNs tkus gSAa
)
1-- vkeq[k
1-1- vfHkdfy=k foKku ds 'kSf{kd ikB~;Øe esa izR;sd o"kZ ,d izk;kstuk lfEefyr gSA bldk y{; ikB~;Øe
dh ladYiukvksa rFkk vH;klksa dk lekos'k djuk rFkk l{kerkvksa ds fjdkMZ dks lkeus j[kuk gSA
1-2- ,d lewg esa 2&4 fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks izk;kstuk ij dk;Z djus dh vuqefr iznku dh tk,A
2-- izk;kstuk lwph
2-1- ikB~;Øe ds vUrxZr fn, x, fo"k;ks@a dk;Z {ks=kksa esa ls d{kk
ij izk;kstuk fodflr dh tk ldrh gSA
2-2- d{kk
XII
XI
esa pqus x, fo"k; ij mUgha :i js[kkvksa
dh izk;kstuk esa ikB~;Øe ds fuEufyf[kr {ks=kksa ij vè;;u lqfuf'pr fd;k tkuk gS %
a.
leL;k gy djuk
b.
MkVk lajpuk
152
c. C++
d.
esa y{; foU;kflr izkxs kz eu
MkVk Qkby lapkyu
izk;kstu dk fo"k; gks ldrk gS %
fdlh izk.kkyh lkW¶Vos;j vFkok Vwy dh miiz.kkyh
dksbZ oSKkfud vFkok iw.kZ :i ls tfVy udyj fLFkfr
fo|ky; izcUèku] cSfa dax] iqLrdky; lwpuk iz.kkyh] gksVy vFkok vLirky izcUèku iz.kkyh] ifjogu
'kadk iz.kkyh
fDot @[ksy
V~;wVj@vfHkdfy=k lgk;d vfèkxeu iz.kkfy;k¡
2-3- izk;kstuk dk mís'; udyj lw=khdj.k] ekM~;wyj izksxzkeu] vk'kkoknh dksM+ fuekZ.k] lqO;ofLFkr
izys[ku] rFkk vU; lkW¶Vos;j fodkl ls lEc) vU; igywvksa dh ;ksX;rkvksa dh vfrfof'k"Vrk
n'kkZ u k gS A
2-4- izk;kstuk dk ewY;kadu izk;kstuk fun'kZu rFkk izk;kstuk fjiksVZ }kjk fd;k tk,xk ftlesa izksxzke
LVkby dk fp=k.k] lajfpr vfHkdYiuk] U;wure ;qXeu] mPp lac)rk] dksM dk mÙke izys[ku
rkfd iBuh;rk rFkk j[kj[kko esa ljyrk lqfuf'pr dh tk ldsA
lUnHkZ iqLrdsa
Same as in English Versin
Computer Organisation and Boolean Logic
1.
Rajaraman, FUNDAMENTALS OF COMPUTERS 4th Edition, Prentice Hall of India.
2.
Peter Norton, INRODUCTION TO CIMPUTER 4th Edition, Tata McGraw Hill.
3.
J. Shelly & Roger Hunt, COMPUTER STUDIES Wheeler's Publication.
4.
C.S. French, COMPUTER STUDIES, Arnold Publishers.
5.
Thomas C. Bartee, DIGITAL CIMPUTER FUNDAMENTALS, McGraw Hill International.
Problem Solving and Programming in C++
Note : Prior knowledge of C is not required in the learning of C++, eventhough reference about C are
made in same of the books.
1.
Robert Lofore, OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING IN TURBO C++, Galgotia Publication
Pvt. Ltd.
2.
David Parsons, OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING WITH C++, BPB Publications.
3.
Bjarne Stroutrup, THE C++, PROGRAMMING LANGUGE, Adison Wesley.
153
Data Structures
1.
M.A. Weiss, Data Structures and Algorithm Analysis in C++. The Benjamin/Cummings Pub. Co.
Inc.
2.
Scott Rober Ladd, C++COMPONENTS AND ALGORITHMS, BPB Publications.
3.
Sartaj & Sahni, Fundamentals of Data Structure, Galgotia Book Source
Database Management System and SQL
1.
C.J. Data, DATABASE PRIMER, Adison Wesley.
2.
Martin Gruber, UNDERSTANDING SQL, BPB Publications.
3.
Sheldon M. Dunn x Base Cross Reference Handbook, First Authorised Asian Edition 93, Tech.
Publications Pvt. Ltd.
Computer Network
1.
A.S. Tanenbaum, Computer Network 4th Edition, Prentice hall of India P.Ltd.
2.
Williams Stalling, Data Communication and Networks 5th Edition, Prentice Hall of India P. Ltd.
Hancock, Network Concept and Architectures, BPB Publications.
154
lwpuk i)fr;ka ¼dksM 065½
ds-ek-f'k- us ikB~;p;kZ 2011
vf/kxe mís';
fdlh dEI;wVj flLV+e vkSj ifj/kh; ra=k ds dk;Zdkjh Kku dks izkIr djukA
,Iyhds'ku fodkl izkfØ;k dk vocks/ku djukA
ÝUVU,.M fodkl esa izkxs kz eu dq'kyrk izkIr djukA
ANSI SRL dk mi;ksx djds MkVkosl l`tu ,oa iz'ufpg~uksa esa dkW'ky izkIr djuk
GUI izkx
s kz eu VwYl rFkk RDSMS dk mi;ksx djds izkxs kz e fMt+kbu djuk rFkk MkVk csl izpkfyr osc
,Iyhds'ku fodflr djukA
vksiu lkslZ rFkk vksiu LVSUMZ lajpukvksa dk vocks/ku ,oa vkykspuk djuk
l{kerk,a
dEI;wVj flLVe dk fo'oLrjh;
ljy IDES dk mi;ksx djds ,Iyhds'ku fodkl izfØ;k dh vPNh tkudkjh
Lora=k:i ls izkxs kz eksa dks fodflr djuk mi;ksx djuk rFkk fMcx djus dh ;ksX;rk
RDBMS ls MkVk LVksj rFkk fjVªhcy lap; rFkk iqu%izkfIr ds fy, ANSI SQL dks mi;ksx djus dh ;ksX;rkA
ÝUV rFkk cSd
a ,.M VwYl dk mi;ksx djds dksbZ osy ,Iyhds'ku fodflr djus dh fu;qDrA
d{kk XI ¼lS'kkfUrd½
bdkbZ
fo"k; oLrq
ifj,M
vad
lS)kfrd izk;ksfxd lS)kfUrd izk;ksfxd
1
dEI;wVj flLVeksa ls ifjp;
20
2
izkxs kz e ls ifjp;
40
40
25
16
3
fjys'kuy MkVkcsl izcU/ku flLVe
45
40
30
9
4
lapkj izk|
S ksfxdh ds vuqi;z ksx
5
20
5
5
110
100
70
30
155
10
bdkbZ 1% dEI;wVj flLVeksa ls ifjp; %
gkbZo;s j ladYiuk,a %
dEI;wVj laxBu ¼ewyldYiuk½% CPU] useksjh ¼RAM ,oa ROM½] I@0 ;qfDr;ka] dE;wfuds'ku] ,l] iksVl
~Z
¼lhfj;y] iSjy
s y] usVodZ] Qksu½ fuos'k ;qfDr;ka% dh caM]Z ekml] ykbVisu] Vp LØhu] xzkf;r] VScysVl
~ ] tks;fLVd]
ekbØksQksu] Ldsua j] LekVZ dkMZ jksMj] ckjdksM jhMj] ck;ksfefVªd lsUlj] osc dSejkA
W fMLIys ;wfuV½] LØhu] Vsyhfotu] fizUVj] ¼MkWV eSfVªDl fizUVj]
fuxZr ;qfDr;ka % ekWuhVj@ VDU ¼fcY;qey
MsLdtsVa @badtsV@ccy tsV fizVj] yst+j fizUVj½ IykWVj] Lihdj(
lsd.Mjh Hk.Mkj.k ;qfDr;ka % ¶ykWih fMØ] gkbZ fMLd] dkWEiSDV fMLd] eSXusfVd Vsi] fMft+Vy oSlVZsq kbu fMLd
¼DVD½] USB Mªkbu] eseksjh dkMZ&rqyukRed ;qx/keZ
lk¶WVos ;j ladYiuk,a %
vkijsfBx flLVe] vkijsfVax flLVe dh vko';drk] vkijsfBax flLVe ds ize[w k dk;Z eseksjh izcU/ku
flLVe dh lqj{kk] vkØe.kksa ds lzkrs ,oa laHkkfor {kfroka ok;jr rFkk lacfa /kr rRo okWe]Z bu rRoksa dk iz"s k.k
¼QSykus½ VwYl ds vykok }kjk ok;jl dk lalp
w u MsLdVkWi lqj{kk fMftVy lfVZfQdsVl
~ ] fMftVy gLrk{kj] dht+]
Qk;joky] ikloMZ] Qkby ,sDlsl ijeh'kUl]
lkW¶Vos;j ds izdkj] flLVe lkW¶Vos;j] ,sIihyds'ku lkW¶Vos;j rFkk Msoy
s iB VwYl flLVe lkW¶Vos;j
tujy iFkZl lkEiU; iz;kstu ds fy, ,Iyhds'ku lkW¶Vos;j dkMZ] izkl
s l
s j] izt
s Us Vs'ku VwyA
LisM'khV iSdt
s ] MkVkcsl eSut
s esVa flLVeA
fof'k"V iz;kstu ds fy, ,sIyhds'ku lkW¶Vos;j ¼mnkgj.kkFkZ % bUosUVjh eSut
s esVa flLVe] Ø; flLVe] ekuo
lalk/ku eSut
s eSUV flLVe] isjksy flLVe] foÙkh; ys[kkadu] gksVy eSutseVas rDkk vkj{k.k flLVe vfr%A
Msoy
s iV VwYl % dEikbyj rFkk bUVjizVs lZ] ,dhd`r fodkl i;kZoj.k
bdkbZ 2% izkxs kz e ls ifjp;
IDE ds mi;ksx }kjk xsfVax LVkfVZM fon izkx
s kz feax
ifjp; jSfiM ,Iyhds'ku] IDE ds mi;ksx }kjk fodkl ,dhd`r fodkl i;kZoj.k] csfld] bUVjQsl dEizkus Us V~l
~ ½,sfV~C;wVl
~
ds mi;ksx }kjk IDE ls ?kfu"Brk LFkkfir djukA csfld dEiksuUs V gSUMfyax esFa kksMl
izkxs kz eu ds ewyHkwr vk/kkj
MkVk&izdkj] MkVk&izdkjksa dh lay
s uk( fcYV&bu MkVk izdkj& ckbV 'kkWV]Z int, long, float, donble, char, string
¼vFkok dksbZ vkCtsDV½ cwfy;u] mi;ksxdrkZ ikfjHkkf"kr MkVk izdkjksa ds :i esa fdlh Dykl rFkk bUlVkUl dh
ladYiuk
oSfj,cYl@ ¼pj½
pj ds mi;ksx dh vko';drk pjksa dh ?kks"k.kk djuk] pjksa ds ukedj.k dh ifjikVh] pjksa dks eku fu/kkZfjr
djuk
156
dUVªky
s LVªDplZ
,lkbuesUV LVsVesUV
fMt+kbu LVªDplZ
& if, if-else, switch
ywfiax LVªDplZ % white, do-while, fe
fdlh escksM dk ladYiuk % cukoV] LFkkuh; pj] fjVuZ oSY;qj] izklafxd izkpyksa Dykl dh ldYiuk ¼dsoy
ds izdkj ljy Dykl½ % lnL;] esFkksMl
~ ] MkVk izdkjksa dh Hkkafr Dyklksa dk mi;ksxA
vfHkO;fDr;ksa rFk ukeksa dk p;u] fVIif.k;ka] bUMsUVs'ku dk mi;ksx] MkWdqeUs Vs'ku rFkk izkxs kz e eSUBsuUs l]
fMcfxax] izkxs kz e] flUVSDl cqfV;ka] lUVkbu =kqfV;ka] ykWftdy =kqfV;ka] leL;k gy&iz.kkfy;ka ,oa rduhfd;ka] leL;k
dk vocks/ku] izklafxd lwpuk@tkudkjh dks igpkuuk] VkWiUMkmu Msoy
s iesUV ,izkp
s A
bdkbZ 3 fjys'kuy MkVkcsl izcU/ku flLVe %
MkVkcsl izcU/ku flLVe
MkVkcsl ladYiuk ls ifjp;( fjys'ku@Vscy] ,VªhU;wV@QhYM~l] V~;fVy@jkst+ MkVk Vkbi~l& uEcj] dSjVSs j rFkk
MsB dh izkbejh dh] dSfMMsVUdh] vkUVjusV dh
MY S2L ls ifjp;
¼ANSI S2L 99 LVS.MMZ dek.M~l½
SRL LVsVesUV~l dk oxhZdj.k
DML - SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE DDL- CREATE, DROP, ALTER
SRL SELECT LVsVesUV ¼Mseks@igys ls gh cuh Vscyksa ds lkFk dk;Z djrs gq,½( SELECT LVsVesUV] lHkh
dkWyeksa dk pj.k djrs gq ,q ] vkijsVj fizlhMsUl] dkWye ,fyHkkl ds mi;ksx }kjk ifjHkk"kk djuk] MqIyhdsV jkst+ vkSj
vkdk ,syhfeus'ku ¼DISNTINCT dh oMZ½ Vscy LVªDpj dks fMLIys djuk ¼DESC dek.M½ SELECT LVsVesUV
~ ds lkFk dk;Z
lrr( oj.k ds le; jkst lhfer djuk ¼WHERE Dykt+ ds mi;ksx }kjk½] dSjDs Vj fLVªxa l~ rFkk MsVl
djrs gq,] NULL ekuksa ds lkFk dk;Z djrs gq,A
rqyukRed izpkydksa & =, <,> <=, < >, BETWEEN IN LIKE ¼2½ rkfdZd izpkydksa AND , OR,
NOT, vkWijsVj fizflMsUl dks mi;ksx djuk vkWMjZ ckbZ Dykt+, vkjksM+h@vojksbZ Øeksa esa NaVkbZ] dkWye ,fy=kkl use
}kjk NaVkbZ] eYVhiy dkWyeksa ij NaVkbZ
MY SQL esa QUd'kUl ¼Qyu½
fV~Vxª QUds'ku ] & CHAR ( ), CONCAT ( ), INSTR ( ), LCASE ( ), LEFT ( ), LOWER ( ),
LENGTH ( ), LTRIM ( ), MID ( ), RIGHT ( ), RTRIM ( ), SUBSTR ( ), TRIM ( ), UCASE ( ),
UPPER ( ),
xf.krh; Qyu& POWER, ROUND, TRUNCATE
Date rFkk Time Qyu CURDATE ( ), DATE ( ), MONTH ( ), YEAR ( ), DAYNAME ( ), DAY
OF MONTH ( ), DAY OF WEEK ( ), DAY OF YEAR ( ), NOW ( ), SYS DATES ( )
157
Vscy@lac/a k ds MkVk ds }kjk dk ifjpkyu djuk % ubZ jkst+ lfEefyr djuk ekuksa ds lkFk ubZ jkst+ lfEefyr
djuk] NUMBER, CHAR rFkk DATE ds ekuksa dks lfEefyr djuk] fdlh Vscy es fo|eku MkVk dks ifjofrZr
djds vk/kqfud cukus ds fy, deu] fdlh ls Vscy dh jkst+ dk viMsfVax] dFkuksa dks fudkyuk] fdlh Vscy ls jks@jkst+
dks gVkukA
dkWyeksa ds ukeksa ds fy, ubZ ifjikVh dk mi;ksx djds u;s dkWyeks dks tksM+us ds fy, CREATE TABLE,
ALTER TABLE dk mi;ksx djds Vscy dk l`tu djukA
bdkbZ 4 lapkj izkS|ksfxdh vuqi;z ksx
e-Governmance & ifjHkk"kk] e-Governmance osclkbV budh ize[q k fo'ks"krk,a rFkk buds lkekftd
la?kêu
e-Business - ifjHkk"kk] e-Governmance osclkbV budh ize[q k fo'ks"krk,a rFkk buds lkekftd la?a kVu
e-Learning & ifjHkk"kk Nk=kksa ukSflf[k;kvksa f'k{kdksa ¼izf'k{kdks½a rFkk fo|ky;ksa ¼laLFkkuks½a ds izcU/kdksa dks
blds ykHk] e-Learning osclkbV rFkk budh fo'ks"krk,a vkSj buds lkekftd la?kVuA
izk;ksfxd
Øe la[;k
fooj.k
vad
1
tkok ds mi;ksx }kjk leL;k
15
2
SQL Rveries
5
3
izk;ksfxd fjdkWMZ
5
4
ekSf[kd iz'u
5
tkok ds mi;ksx }kjk leL;k gy djuk % ikB~;Øe ds vUr esa izk;ksfxd ijh{kk ds lapkyu ds le; fo|kFkhZ
dks tkok dk mi;ksx djds ,d leL;k gy djus ds fy, nh tk,xhA
SQL Queries : ikB~;Øe ds vUr esa izk;ksfxd ijh{k.k ds lapkyu ds le; fo|kFkhZ dks ,d vFkok nks Vscyksa
ij vk/kkfjr 5 fy[kus ds fy, nh tk,xhA
izk;ksfxd fjdkMZ Qkby % leLr 'kSf{kd l=k dh vof/k esa ,d izk;ksfxd fjdkMZ Qkby dk l`tu vko';d gSA
bl ij lacfa /kr f'k{kd }kjk fu;fer :i ls gLr ej djk, tkus pkfg, rFkk ewY;kadu ds fy, vfUre ijh{kk ds
le; bls izLrqr fd;k tkuk pkfg,A mlesa fuEufyf[kr dk lekos'k gksuk pkfg,A
IDE vk/kkfjr tkok ¼nsf[k, ifjf'k"V rFkk½ ds mi;ksx }kjk dels de 10 leL;kvksa dk gy
,d vkSj vFkok nks VScyksa ij vk/kkfjr de ls de 20 SQL queries
e-Govenane e-Business e-Learning osclkbVksa ds izklafxd MkVk rd igqp
a uk vkSj mldh fjiksVZ nsuk
ekSf[kd iz'u % ikB~;Øe ds vUr esa vk;ksftr izk;ksfxd ijh{kk esa fo|kfFkZ;ksa ls ekSf[kd iz'u iwNs tk,axAs ;s
iz'u 'kSf{kd l=k ds loLr ikB~;Øe dh fo"k;oLrq ij vk/kkfjr gksxa As
158
d{kk XII ¼lS)kfUrd½
bdkbZ
fo"k; oLrq
ifj,M
vad
lS)kfrd izk;ksfxd lS)kfUrd izk;ksfxd
1
usVofZdxZ rFkk vksiu LVS.MMZl
~
20
&
10
&
2
izksxzkeu
42
40
25
16
3
fjys'kuy MkVkcsl izcU/ku flLVe
42
40
30
9
4
lapkj izk|
S ksfxdh ds vuqi;z ksx
6
20
5
5
110
100
70
30
bdkbZ 1 usVofdZxa rFkk vksiu LVSUMMZl
~
dEI;wVj usVofdZxa % usVofdZxa & ,d laf{kIr vfrn`f"V] fdlh usVodZ ij miHkksDrkvksa ,oa dEi;wVjksa dh igpku
djuk ¼Mkses us dk uke] MAC media Access Control½ rFkk IP irk] Mkseus use fjt+ky
s q'ku] usVodZ VksiksykWftl
usVodZ ds izdkj & LAN, MAN, WAN, PAN, rkj yxh izk|
S ksfxfd;ka lek{k dscy bZFkjusV dscy] vkIVhdy
Qkbcj] csrkj&izk|
S ksfxfd;ka&CY;w VwFk] bUQzkjsM] ekbØksoos jsfM;ksft+d
a ] mixMfyad] usVodZ ;qfDr;ka gc] fLop] fjihVj]
xsVos&vkSj buds izdk;Z
usVodZ lqj{kk & lsok dk ifjR;kx] ?kqliSB & leL;k,a] rkd >kad djuk vksiu lkslZ ladYiuk,a
vksiu lkslZ lkW¶Vos;j %
¼OSI ekud½ Foss lkekU; mnkgj.k Gun/Linux, Firefox, Open Office,
dkWeu vksiu LVS.MM~l
Z ¼vksiu MkWdqeUs V QkWeVZs Ogg Vorbis½ Hkkjrh; Hkk"kk dEI;wfVax dSjDs Vj ,udksfMax
UNICODE rFkk Hkkjrh; Hkk"kk] fofHkUu izdkj ds QkWUV~l ¼Open life Vs true tupe; static Vs dynamic½
Hkkjrh; Hkk"kk VSDLV~l izfof"V djuk & Qksufs Vd rFkk dheSi ij vk/kkfjrA
bdkbZ 2 izkxs kz eu
d{kk IX dk iqujoyksdu
izkxkeu ds ewyHkwr vk/kkj
Dyklst+ ds fy, ,sfDll Lizfs lQk;j lnL; rFkk fof/k;ka] iSdt
s dh ladYiukA os'k'kkafr] vko';d rFkk
dk;kZUo;u fof/k vfrHkkj.k rFkk vfHkHkkoh] vewrZ Dykl rFkk vUrjki`"B] vUrjki`"Bksa ds mi;ksxA
lkekU; mi;ksx ds iqLrdky;% fLVªxa Dykl rFkk esFkksMl
~ % tastring concat tength to Lower csse to
upper caser trim math object pow round
Simple GUI objects : Dealog
MkVk cSl ls la;kstuksa ds fy, ODBC dk mi;ksx djds My SRL ds MkVkcsl rd igqp
a ukA osc ,Yihds'ku
Msoy
s iesVa % URL osc loZj] osc loZj ds lkFk lapkj djuk] Dykl rFk loZj lkbaM dh ladYiuk
159
csfld VSXl dks lfEefyr djrs gq, HTML ij vk/kkfjr osc isfs t+l & HTML, TITLE BODY H1.... H6
iSjkxzkQ ¼P½] ykbu czd
s ¼BR½] lsD'ku lsijS Vs j ¼HR½] FONT, TABLE LIST (OL, OL) FORM; HTML ds
mi;ksx }kjk LVSfVd isft+l dk l`tu djuk rFkk mu rd igqp
a uk] vkSj XML ls ifjp;
bdkbZ 3 fjys'ku MkVkcsl izcU/ku flLVe ¼RDBMS½
d{kk XI ls RDBMS dk iqu[kyksdua
MkVkcsl ds ewyHkwr vk/kkj
MkVkcsl dk;ZlEiknu dh ladYiuk] COMMIT rFkk REVOKE ds mi;ksx }kjk fdlh dk;ZlEiknu ds fy,
opuc) gksuk rFkk mls jí djukA
fjdkWMksZa dk lewgu % GROUP BY xziq QUD'kUl & MAX, MIN AVG SUM COUNT COUNT ds
lkFk COUNT DISTINCT Dykt dk mi;ksx djuk] xziq QUD'kUl rFkk Null Valuas
cgzk lkjf.k;ksa ls MkVk dks iznf'kZr djuk( Equijoin rFkk Cortesian Praducts Foriegn Key dh ladYiukA
PRIMARY KEY rFkk NOT NULL contraints ds lkFk lkj.kh dk l`tu] dksbZ contraint tksM+uk]
Constraint dks laeFkZ cukuk] cnstraints iwB fopkj djuk constraints ls lac) dkWytksa ij fopkj djuk
fdlh dkWye dks gVkus ds fy, ALTER TABLE fdlh dkWye ds Data Types dks lq/kkjus ds fy, ALTER
TABLE fdlh lkj.kh dks gVkus ds fy, DROP Table
bdkbZ 4% lapkj izkS|ksfxdh ds vuqi;z ksx
e-Governmance, e-Busniess rFkk e-Learning ds :idksa dk iqu% fujh{k.k Front-end Interiance ifjp;] fo"k; oLrq] rFkk fof'k"Vrk,a( mfpr vo;o dks igpkurk ,oa mudk mi;ksx djuk ¼Text Box, Rodio
Butter, checkbox, list½ MkVk izfof"V oS/khdj.k rFkk izn'kZu ds fy,
Bock-end Data base : ifjo; rFkk bldk mís';] lkjf.k;ksa dh vko';drk rFkk blds vko';d lgt xq.k
dh xos"k.k djuk
Front End rFkk Database lac)rk & ifjp;] vko';drk ,oa ykHk
izk;ksfxd
Øe la[;k
fooj.k
vad
1
tkok ds mi;ksx }kjk leL;k gy djuk
2
SQL Rveries
5
3
izk;ksfxd fjdkWMZ
5
4
izk;ksfxd fjdkWMZ
5
5
ekSf[kd iz'u
5
160
10
tkok ds mi;ksx }kjk leL;k gy djuk
ikB~;Øe ds vUr esa izk;ksfxd ijh{kk ds lapkyu ds le; fo|kFkhZ dks tkok ds mi;ksx }kjk dksbZ leL;k gy
djus ds fy, nh tk,xh
SQL Queries
ikB~;Øe ds vUr esa vk;ksftr izk;ksfxd ijh{kk esa fo|kFkhZ dks ,d vFkok nks lkjf.k;ksa ij vk/kkfjr 5
Queries fy[kus ds fy, nh tk,axhA
izk;ksfxd fjdkWMZ Qkby
leLr 'kSf{kd lt dh vof/k esa ,d izk;ksfxd fjdkWMZ Qkby dk l`tu vko';d :i ls fd;k tkuk gSA bl
ij fu;fer :i ls lacfa /kr f'k{kd ds gLr{kj fd, tkus pkfg,A bls vfUre iz;ksxkRed ijh{kk ds le; ijh{kd
dks fn[kkuk@izLrqr fd;k tkuk pkfg,A blesa fuEufyf[kr dk lekos'k gksuk pkfg, %
IDE vk/kkfjr tkok ds mi;ksx }kjk de ls de 15 leL;kvksa dk gy
,d vkSj ys[kuk nks lkjf.k;ksa ij vk/kkfjr de ls de 25 SQL Queries
tkok vuqi;z ksx rFkk MkVkcsl lac)
a rk dk lekos'ku djrs gq, de ls de ljy leL;kvksa dk gyA
izk;kstuk Qkby%
ikB~;Øe dh vof/k esa lh[ks x, izkxs kz eu rFkk MkVkcsl dkS'ky dk mi;ksx djds nks viuk rhu Nk=kksa ds ijLij
lg;ksx ls lkewfgd :i ls dk;Z djds dksbZ izk;kstuk fodflr dh tkuh gSA ;g izk;kstuk fuEufyf[kr dk;Z{ks=kksa e-Governance, e-Business rFkk e-Learning esa ls fdlh ,d ij vk/kkfjr GUI Front-end ds lkFk vuqi;
z ksx
gksuh pkfg,A
ekSf[kd iz'u ikB~;Øe ds vUr esa vk;ksftr izk;ksfxd ijh{kk esa fo|kfFkZ;ksa ls ekSf[kd iz'u iwNs tk,axAs ;s
iz'u 'kSf{kd l=k ds leLr ikB~;Øe ds leLr ikB~;Øe dh fo"k; oLrq ij vk/kkfjr djsxa As
161
16- eYVhehfM;k rFkk osc izkS|ksfxdh (dksM 067)
vfèkxe mís';
1-
HTML/XML ds
mi;ksx }kjk osc ist fodkl esa n{krk izkIr djukA
2- ljoj rFkk DykbaV fLØIV fy[kus dh ;ksX;rk ,oa osc izcUèku esa n{krk izkIr djukA
3- izfrfcEc JO;Z ,oa ohfM;ks lEiknu Vwyksa }kjk xzkQh; izfrfcEc fMt+kbu djukA
{kerk,¡
fo|kFkhZ fuEufyf[kr {kerkvksa esa n{k gks tk,xk %
1- Lor% fodflr osclkbV dk izcUèkuA
2- fdlh iw.kZ fodflr osc iksVy
Z dk izcUèkuA
3- izfrfcEcks]a nzO; ,oa ohfM;ks fQYeks@a osc i`"Bksa dk l`tu] lEiknu vkSj vUr % LFkkiuA
162
d{kk
XI
(lS¼kfUrd)
le; % 3 ?kUVs
bdkbZ la[;k
dqy vad 70
bdkbZ dk uke
va d
1
vfHkdfy=k iz.kkyh
15
2
osc&ist fodkl
25
3-
osc&fLØfIVax
20
4
eYVhehfM;k rFkk vkWFkfjax VwYl
10
dqy
70
bdkbZ&1 % vfHkdfy=k iz.kkyh
vfHkdfy=k ls ifjp;] fuos'k ;qfDr;k¡ dqt
a h iVy] ekml] tkW; fLVd] fed] dSejk( fuxZr ;qfDr;k¡ ekWuhVj]
fizUVj] Lihdj] IykWVjA
Le`fr ,dd&ckbV] fdyksckbV] esxkckbV] xkbxkckbV] Vsjk ckbVA
izkFkfed Le`fr RAM rFkk ROM; f}rh;d laxgz ;qfDr;k¡ ¶ykWih fMLd] gkMZ fMLd]
Mªkbo] DAT, Mªkbo] 'kfDr ;qfDr;k¡ UPS"
CD-ROM, DVD, fti
lkW¶Vos;j&flLVe lkW¶Vos;j] ,Iyhds'ku lkW¶Vos;j] ;wVhfyVh lkW¶Vos;j( vfHkdfy=k ij dk;Z djuk vfHkdfy=k
dks pkyw djuk] vfHkdfy=k dks cwV djuk] izfrek,¡] lqxe ekxZ] VkLdckj] ekml ikWbVa j Vkbi djuk] fdlh ljy
ewy Qkby dks lqjf{kr ,oa fizUV djuk] MS isUV }kjk ljy fp=k [khapuk] ifjdydksa ds fodYiksa dk mi;ksx djuk]
MsLdVki dk dLVekWbflax] foUMks ,DlIyksjj] QksYMjksa dk izcUèku ¼l`tu] xfreku] fu"dklu] iqu% ukedj.k½] ¶ykWih
fMLd Mªkbo mi;ksx djuk] CD/DVD Mªkboksa dk mi;ksx djuk] Qkbyksa dk izcUèku ¼izfrfyfi cukuk] xfreku
cukuk] fu"dkflr djuk] iqu% ukedj.k½] J`O; ,oa ohfM;ks dk izpkyuA
GUI
izpkyu iz.kkyh
egÙoiw.kZ fo|kFkhZ@f'k{kd fdlh Hkh izpkyu iz.kkyh ij blh izdkj ds izpkyu dj ldrs gSAa f'k{kdksa dks
;g ijke'kZ fn;k tkrk gS fd os fdlh ,d izpkyu iz.kkyh dk mi;ksx djrs le; vU; izpkyu iz.kkfy;ksa ds lerqY;
xq.kksa dk fun'kZu nsAa
GUI
foUMks
lkekU; y{k.k] MsLd VkWi ds vo;o VkLd okj] izfrek,¡] LVkVZ cVu] lqxe ekxZ] QksYMj] iqu% pØ.k fcu]
esjk vfHkdfy=k
ehuq vkjEHk % izkxs kz e] nLrkost] lSfVax] irk yxkuk@[kkstuk] lgk;rk] pykuk] cUn djuk@ykWx&vkWQ] VkLdckj
dk dLVksekbts'ku] ehuq vkjEHk] xq.kksa dk izn'kZu ¼oky isij] QksVa lsfVax] dyj lSfVax] LØhu lsolZ½A
izkxs kz e ehuq( ,Dlsljh] ifjdyd] uksV iSM] isUV oMZ iSM] euksjt
a u ¼CD Iys;j] lkmUM fjdkMZj] ehfM;k Iys;j]
oksY;we fu;U=kd½
czkmtlZ( eksthyk Qk;j ckWDl] bUVjusV ,DlIyksjj] usV Ldsi usohxsVj fu;U=kd iSuy % u, gkMZo;s j tksM+uk]
u, lkW¶Vos;j tksM+uk] fizVa j LFkkfir djuk] frFkh@le;] ekml rFkk {ks=kh; LFkkiuA
163
MkD;qeUS Vs'ku
oMZ izkl
s fs lax lkW¶Vos;j ds mi;ksx dk mís';] fdlh u,@izpfyr nLrkost dks [kksyuk] fdlh nLrkost] dks cUn
djuk] fdlh nLrkost dks Vkbi djuk] fdlh nLrkost dks lqjf{kr djuk] iwonZ 'kZu fizUV djuk] nLrkost fizUV djuk]
fofuns'Z kksa ds vuqlkj i`"B LFkkfir djuk] nLrkost ds fdlh va'k dk p;u djuk] p;fur fo"k; dh izfrfyfi cukuk]
p;fur fo"k; dks dkVuk] p;fur fo"k; dks fpidkuk] fo"k; ds QksUV] vkeki] 'kSyh] jax esa ifjorZu djuk] izrhd
dh izfof"V djuk] xzUFkkdkjh djuk] laj[s k.k ck,a&nka,] eè;( vkSfpR; izfriknuA
bdkbZ&2 % osc ist&fodkl
osc&i`"B( gkbij VSDLV VªkUlQj izkVs ksdkWy (HTTP); Qkby VªkLa Qj izkVs ksdkWy
izkVs ksdkWy dk irk] osc lkbV] osc czkmlj] osc loZj] osc gksfLVaxA
(FTP)
izHkko {ks=kksa ds uke(
URL;
HTML/DHTML
ifjp;] mís';] ;wuholZy fjlkslZ vkMsUVhQk;j (URI) dk ifjp;] ÝSxesUV ¼[k.M½ igpkudrkZ ,oa lEcUèkh
URI, HTML dk bfrdkl] SGML, HTML/DHTML nLrkost dh lajpuk] [kqyh foUMks rFkk czkmlj ds chp fLofpax
¼dUVsuj VSx] fjDr VSx] fo'ks"krk,¡½
HTML
ds vkèkkjHkwr VSx % HTML, HEAD, TITLE, BODY vxz jax rFkk i`"B Hkwfe jax dk LFkkiu] i`"B
Hkwfe izfrfcEc] i`"B Hkwfe èofu 'kh"kZd VSx (H-1 ls H6) rFkk fo'ks"krk,¡ (ALIGN), QksUV VSx ,oa fo'ks"krk,¡ ¼vkeki
% 1 ls 7 Lrj] BASE FONT, SMALL, BIG, COLOR½] P, BR, HTML esa fVIi.kh (< ! >) fo"k; oLrq dk xzFa khdj.k
(B,I,U,EM, BLOCK QUOTE, PRE FORMATTED, SUB, SUP, STRIKE), Øfer lwph (ORDERED LISTs Vkbi&pdrh
OL) {L1, TYPE-I, I, A, a; START, VALUE) vØfer lwph (UNORDERED LIST-UL) {cqyV
¼fMLd½] o`Ùk] oxZ DL, DT, DD½] Address VSx(
lEidZ l`tu vU; HTML nLrkostksa vFkok vkadM+kas ds fo"k;ksa ls lEidZ] ,d gh
{ks=kksa ls lEidZ Anchor ¼izfrek½
HTML
nLrkostksa ds vU;
VSx < A HREF> rFkk <A NAME> bu ykbu izfrfcEcksa dh izfof"V] <IMGALIGN, SRC, WIDTH, HEIGHT,
ALT, izfrfcEc lEidZ] {kSfrt fu;e <HR ALIGN, WIDTH, SIZE, NOSHADE>;
HTML
ds mi;ksx }kjk osc i`"B vkWFkfjax
lkj.kh % lkjf.k;ksa dk l`tu] ckWMjZ ] TH, TR, TD, CELLSPACING, CELLPADDING, WIDTH, COLSPAN,
CAPTION, ALIGN, CENTER
Ýse % izfr'krrk foek,¡] vkisf{kd foek,¡] Ýse Src Ýse ckWMjZ ] Å¡pkbZ ,oa pkSM+kbZ] nks ;k vfèkd iafDr;ksa
ds Ýseksa dk l`tu <FRAMESET ROWS> nks ;k vfèkd LrEHkksa ds Ýseksa dk l`tu <FRAMESET COLS>,
<FRAME NAME SRC MARGIN HEIGHT MARGIN WIDTH SCROLLING AUTO NORE SIZE>, <NO
FRAMES>, </NO FRAMES>;
QkeZ] ifjHkk"kk] mi;ksx fdlh Qkby ij fy[kk x;k] fdlh MkVk csl
tSls MSACCESS vFkok Oracle ds vuqlkj is'k fd;k x;k] fo'ks"k :i ls fdlh dks E-mail fd;k x;k]
Qkeks± ftlesa f}ekxhZ lapkj] lfEefyr(
164
QkWeZ VSx % FORM, <SELECT NAME SIZE MULTIPLE/SINGLE> <OPTION>... </SELECT>, <TEXT
AREA NAME AREA ROWS COLS>, </TEXT AREA>. METHOD, CHECK BOX, HIDDEN, IMAGE,
RADIO, RESET, SUBMIT, INPUT <VALUE, SRC, CHECKED, SIZE, MAXLENGTH, ALIGN>;
nLrkost mís'; ekWMy
nLrkost mís'; ekWMy dh ladYiuk ,oa egRo] xfrd
dkLdsfMax LVkby 'khV
HTMNL
nLrkost rFkk nLrkost mís'; ekWMy
(CSS)
dkLdsfMax LVkby 'khV (CSS) ls ifjp;] vius nLrkost ls LVkby 'khV dks tksM+us ds rhu <ax] ewy okD;
foU;kl] dkLdsfMax LVkby 'khV dk l`tu ,oa lqjf{kr djuk] <STYLE> Vsx( fdlh nLrkost ds lkFk cká LVkby
'khV Qkbyksa dks lEcU) djus dks n'kkZus ds mnkgj.k( ;qxir rFkk vUr% LFkkfir dh gqb]Z <DIV> VSx( dyj]
i`"BHkwfe&dyj] QksUV QSfeyh] QksUV LVkby] QksUV lkbt+ rFkk QksUV osfj,UV( QksUV osV] WORD-SPACING, LETTER
SPACING, TEXT DEORATION, VERTICAL ALIGN, TEXT-TRANSFORM; TEXT ALIGN, TEXT INDENT, LINE HEIGHT,
ekftZu ls ifjp;] iSfMax rFkk ckWMjZ ] ls ifjp;
LS MARGINS
¼lHkh eku½]
:
MARGIN PROPERTY, PADDING
¼lHkh eku½]
PADDING PROPERTY;
BORDER ¼lHkh eku½] BORDER PROPERTY, BACKGROUND IMAGE, BACK GROUND REPEAT; vfrfjDr
y{k.k] xzfq iax LVkby 'khV] d{kk,¡ fu;r djuk] ijrksa ls ifjp;]
<LAYER> <ILAYER>
VSx(
eXtensible Markup Language (XML)
XML :
ifjp;
XML
ds y{k.k % XML dk mi;ksx orZeku izkVs ksdkWy ds lkFk Hkh fd;k tk ldrk gSA ;g foLr`r izdkj ds
vuqi;ksxksa dk Hkj.k iks"k.k djrk gS] SGML ds vuqdy
w gS] XML nLrkost tu lkèkkj.k ds fy, lqLi"V gS(a
XML
dh lajpuk( rkfdZd lajpuk] HkkSfrd lajpuk(
XML
ewY; o`f)( vo;o ewY; o`f) vFkkZr~
uke] fo'ks"krk ¾** ewY;**>);
(<foo> Hello </foo>),
vkjksfir ewY; o`f) vFkkZr~
(<!
vo;o
fu;eksa dk ukedj.k % vo;o rFkk fo'ks"krkvksa ds mi;ksx ds fy,] rFkk lHkh fooj.kdrkZvksa ds fy,] Vhdk&fVIi.kh
vfLrRo ?kks"k.kk,¡ % <! ENTITY uke ^^izfrLFkkiu fo"k; oLrq **>;
vo;o ?kks"k.kk,¡ % <! ELEMENT
fjDr] vo;o EMPTY>;
vizfrcfUèkr vo;o % <! ELEMENT dksbZ Hkh] vo;o ANY>;
vo;o fo"k; ekWMy % vo;o Øe vFkkZr~ <! ELEMENT fxurh ¼igyk] nwljk] rhljk] pkSFkk½>
vo;o fodYi <! ELEMENT p;u dhft, ¼;g ,d@og ,d½>la;ksftr Øe rFkk fodYi
vo;o mifLFkfr lwpd % rhu mifLFkfr lwpdksa ij ppkZ
? ¼iz'u fpg~u½
* ¼rkjkadu fpg~u̽
+
¼èkukRed fpg~u½
165
y{k.k fo"k; % PC DATA ¼O;k[;k ;ksX; vfHky{k.k vk¡dM+½s
izdkj dh ?kks"k.kk (DTD) vkSj oSèkhdj.k(
<! ELEMENT Text > (# PC DATA),
dksbZ DTD fodflr djuk] fdlh orZeku SGML DTD dks la'kksfèkr djuk]
<ax ls vFkok gLr dkS'ky }kjk DTD fodflr djukA
bUVjusV ,DlIyksjj esa
XML
XML
Style Sheet Language (XSL)
ns[kuk( XML MkVk lkslZ vkctSDV ds mi;ksx }kjk
vFkok Cascading Style Sheet (CSS);
nLrkost
dksM ls ;k rks Lopkfyr
XML
ns[kuk]
eXtensible
bdkbZ 3 % osc fLØIV ys[ku
VB
fLØIV
ifjp;] HTML ist ds lkFk VB fLØIV dksM tksM+uk] VB fLØIV MkVk Vkbi]&oSfj,UV lc Vkbi] VB fLØIV
pj % ¼pjksa dh ?kks"k.kk] izfrcUèkksa dk ukedj.k] pjksa dks eku iznku djuk] vknZ'k pj rFkk 1-D Øe foU;kl½]
VB fLØIV fLFkjkad] VB fLØIV izpkyd] rFkk izpkyd iwoo
Z frZrk(
Msg
ckWDl % lUns'k ckWDl ds izdk;Z ¼'khèkz] cVu] 'kh"kZd] gSYiykbu] lanHkZ½]
eku] cVu rdZ LFkkiu
Msg
ckWDl izdk;Z ds okilh
l'krZ dFku % ;fn] rc] vU;Fkk] p;fur izdj.k
ywi % Mw ywi] tcfd--- cf<+,] ds fy,--- vxyk] ds fy,--- izR;sd--- vxyk(
VB
fLØIV pj % mifØ;k fofèk;k¡] izdk;Z dk;Zfofèk;k¡
HTML
QkWeZ dUVªkys ksa ds lkFk VB fLØIV dks mi;ksx djuk] MkVk mipkj Qyu] Mksjh Qyu] fnukad rFkk le; Qyu
bdkbZ&4 % eYVhehfM;k rFkk vkWFkfjax VwYl
xzkQh; ;qfDr;k¡] ekWuhVj izn'kZu foU;kl] xzkQh; Rojd dkMZ ds ewy fl)kUr ,oa bldk egRo(
izfrfcEcksa dh ewy ladYiuk] vadh; izfrfcEc rFkk vadh; izfrfcEc fu:i.kA
izfrfcEc QkWesZV %
TIFF, BMP, JPG/JPEG, GIF, PIC, PDF, PSD
fMtkbu dk fl)kUr] :i] js[kk] fjDr LFkku] cukoV] jax] eqn.z k] ysvkmV] jax leUo; ,drk] lUrqyu]
vuqikr] y;] iqujko`fÙk] fofoèkrk] ferO;;rk] fLFkj thou] izdk'k ,oa Nk;kdj.k] iksLVj fMt+kbu] fLFkj
thou] jaxhu ys vkmV] iksLVj fMt+kbu] iqLrdsa eSxthu] czks'kj] cky lkfgR;] fooj.kkRed ikB~;] Hkkjrh;
Hkk"kkvksa dh fLØIV] fp=kkRed iqLrdsa] gkL; iqLrdsa] QksVksxzkQ lfgr O;k[;k] oSKkfud Li"Vhdj.k]
ladYiukRed O;k[;k,a] ckt+kj ds fy, fu;r dk;ks± ds fy, fMtkbu cukukA
LdSuj dh lgk;rk }kjk izfrfcEc LdSu djuk] foHksnu dk LFkkiu] vkeki] izfrfcEcksa dk Qkby QkWeVZs ] izfrfcEc
iwonZ 'kZu] ckbVksuy] xzs Ldsy rFkk jax fodYi(
PDF
dk egRo l`tu] la'kksèku]
lthou] vkÑfr fodkl ,oa vuqi;z ksxA
xzkQh; Vwy % izfrfcEc lEiknu lkW¶Vos;j ¼QksVks'kkWi@dksjy
s Mªk½
166
ewy ladYiuk,a % ,d ifjp;] Qkbys]a ehuw] VwyckWDl] jax fu;fU=kr izfrek,¡] foèkk fu;fU=kr izfrek,¡] foUMks
fu;fU=kr izfrek,¡ [kkyuk rFkk lqjf{kr djuk] u, izfrfcEc l`ftr djuk] LdSuj ,oa vU; Qkbyksa ls izfrfcEc
izxgz .k (TWAIN)
izfrfcEc lapkyu % izfrfcEc dkVuk] izfrfcEc vkeki lek;kstu] odZ dSUokl ds vkeki esa o`f) djuk] fdlh
izfrfcEc dks lqjf{kr djukA
ijrsa % ijrsa tksM+uk] ijrksa ij p;furksa dks ?klhVuk o fpidkuk] Qkbyksa ds chp esa ijrksa dks ?klhVuk] ijrksa
dks ns[kuk o fNikuk] ijrksa dk lEiknu] p;furksa dk ?kw.kZu] oLrq dh ijrsa mrkjuk] ijr dh ikjnf'kZrk ifjjf{kr
djuk] ijrksa dks xfreku cukuk o izfrfyfi rS;kj djuk( ijrksa dk MqIyhdsV cukuk] ijrksa dk fu"dklu] ijrksa
dk foy;] lek;kstu ijrksa dk mi;ksx djukA
pSuy rFkk ekLd % pSuy iSyVs ] pSuy fn[kkuk ,oa fNikuk] pSuy dk fHkUu&fHkUu izfrfcEcksa esa foHkktu] pSuyksa
dk foy;] 'kh?kz ekLd dk l`tu( 'kh?kz ekLd foèkk }kjk ekLdksa dk lEiknu djukA
isafVx rFkk lEiknu % cz'ksl iSyVs ] cz'k vkÑfr] cz'kksa dk l`tu o fu"dklu] dLVe cz'kksa dk l`tu] cz'k
fodYiksa dk LFkkiu] cz'kksa dks lqjf{kr djuk] yksM djuk] rFkk layXu djuk] fodYi iSyVs
vikjnf'kZrk] nkc] vFkok mnHkklu] isVa QsMvkmV nj] p;u djuk] p;u Vwyksa dk mi;ksx] p;uksa dk lek;kstu]
fdlh p;u dh èkkj dks fpduk cukuk( p;u lhek dks fNikuk( p;uksa dks xfreku cuk ,oa mudh izfrfyfi;ka
rS;kj djuk p;uksa dks ?kVkuk o foLrkj djuk] p;uksa dks fpidkuk o fu"dkflr djuk] izfrfcEc Vsl
ª djuk ¼dksjy
s
Mªk½
eYVhehfM;k dh ladYiuk % fp=k@xzkfQDl] JO;] ohfM;ks
èofu % èofu fjdkMZj }kjk èofu fjdkMZ djuk ¼idM+uk½] èofu lEiknu lkW¶Vos;j }kjk èofu idM+uk ¼mnkgj.k
èofu Qkst½Z ] èofu lEiknu] 'kksj&la'kksèku] bQSDV ,ugkUlesUV(
Loj igpku lkW¶Vos;j fQfyIl@MSªxu] MIDI Iys;j] èofu fjdkMZj] MONO rFkk LVhfj;ks] èofu Qkby
QkWesZV % AIFF ¼vksfM;ks buiqV Qkby QkWesZV ÝkWe ,iy eSd½] MIDI, WAV, MP3, ASF ¼ekbØkslks¶V ls LVªhfeax
QkWesZV½
JO; vk;kr djuk rFkk JO;
èofu xq.krk %
CD
CD
ls J`O; lqjf{kr djukA
xq.krk] jsfM;ks xq.krk] VsyhQksu xq.krk
d{kk
XI
¼izk;ksfxd½
le; % 3 ?kUVs
dqy vad % 30
1-- fl)gLr vuqHko
15
izR;sd fo|kFkhZ }kjk HTML rFkk VB fLØIV ds vUrxZr fofHkUu vkns'kksa dk mi;ksx djrs gq, fdlh
fo"k; ij vkèkkfjr gkse ist fodflr djuk gSA
osc ist dh vfHkdYiuk fuEufyf[kr y{k.kksa ds lkFk gksuh pkfg, %
HTML Basic Tags (html/head/title/body/B/I/U/BR/H/R)
167
izfrek@izfrfcEc lekos'ku@lEcUèku
lkjf.k;k¡@Ýse@QkWeZ
CSS
XML
vo;o izkfIr lalpw d
cVu@dkWEcks ckWDl@pSd ckWDl@VB fLØIV ds mi;ksx }kjk ikB~; oLrq ckWDl
ekdZvi@?kks"k.kk,¡@vo;o fo"k; ekWMy
2-- izk;ksfxd Qkby fuEufyf[kr dsl LVMht lfgr
10
izk;ksfxd Qkby fuEu izHkko {ks=kks&a fof'k"V {ks=kksa ¼nLrkostksa rFkk fizUV vkmV lfgr½ ij cukbZ tkuh
pkfg,A
,d osc ist ^fuèkZu oxZ leqnk; ds fo#) vijkèk* ds fy, cukb,A
dqN ist fodflr istksa ds lkFk ,sls tksfM+, ftuesa vijkèk rFkk ljdkj }kjk fd, tkus okys mik;ksa
ds fo"k; esa lwpuk gks ¼fLFkj osc ist cukus ds fy, HTML VSx dk mi;ksx dhft,½A
osc istksa dh fo"k; lwph dh fn[kkoV esa ifjorZu ds fy, buykbu LVkbfyax dk mi;ksx dhft,A
mijksDr izdj.k esa fodflr lHkh istksa dh fn[kkoV esa ifjorZu ds fy, LVkby 'khVksa ¼vUr% LFkkfir
vFkok lEcUèku½ dk mi;ksx dhft,A
'khV QkWeVZs esa vk¡dM+s iznku djds mijksDr osc ist
osc ist ds fodkl ds bl pj.k esa bl osc ist ds lkFk dqN xfrd y{k.k tSls le; rFkk pkyw frfFk
lkFk tksfM+,A
jftLVs'ª ku ds fy, izkIr QkWeks± ls miHkksDrk&tkudkjh ,d=k dhft,A miHkksDrkvksa ds fo"k; esa ,d=k
tkudkjh dks Message Box dk mi;ksx djds iznf'kZr dhft, rFkk jftLVª's ku djkus ds fy, èkU;okn
Hkh dfg, ¼VB fLØIV dk mi;ksx dhft,½A
esa o`f) dhft,A
dsl LVMht+
¼bu dsl LVMht+ dk mi;ksx ikB~;Øe ds vUrxZr lh[kh x;h ladYiukvksa ds iz;ksx ds fy, Hkh fd;k tk
ldrk gS½A
Kku izHkko{ks=k % HTML, DHTML, CSS, VB fLØIV rFkk izfrfcEc lEiknu lkW¶Vos;j
1- fdlh fo|kFkhZ dh osc lkbV ij ml fo|kFkhZ dh O;fDrxr tkudkjh tSls mldk e mail irk] QksVksxkz Q] ilUn]
ukilUn] :fp;k¡] d{kk] fo|ky; dk uke] miyfCèk;k¡] Ñikik=k jsLVksjUS V] ilUn ds i;ZVu LFkku] thou dk
vfUre mís';] ekuotkfr ds fy, lUns'k] vkn'kZ egku O;fDr dk o.kZu gksuk pkfg,A
2- fdlh fo|ky; dh osc lkbV ftlesa fo|ky; dk uke] fo|ky; dk vkn'kZ okD;] fo|ky; dk QksVksxkz Q] fo|ky;
dk laf{kIr fooj.k] izèkkukpk;Z dk uke] lqfoèkk,a] bUÝkLVªDVj] iz;ksx'kkyk,¡] [ksy] QSdYVh rFkk foHkkxksa dh
tkudkjh] ifj.kke rFkk fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh miyfCèk;ksa dk o.kZu fn;k x;k gksA
168
3- fdlh jsLVksjUS V dh osc lkbV ftlesa [kk| inkFkksZ ds uke] izR;sd en dk QksVks laf{kIr fooj.k lfgr] ewY;
lwph rFkk miyCèkrk ds le; dh tkudkjh nh x;h gksA
4- fdlh i;ZVu ,tsUlh dh osclkbV ftlesa fofHkUu i;ZVu LFky] ;k=kk ds fy, miyCèk fofHkUu foèkk,¡] miyCèk
gksVyksa ds izdkj dh tkudkjh iznku dh x;h gksA
5- vaxt
sz h@vU; LFkkuh; Hkk"kk esa vkidk viuk CykWxA
fVIi.kh %
osc lkbV fodflr djus ds fy, fofHkUu lzkrs ksa ls okLrfod tkudkjh ,d=k dhft,A
;g ijke'kZ fn;k tkrk gS fd mijksDr dsl LVMht+ dks] ikB~;Øe dks iwjk djus ds vuqlkj] NksV&s NksVs ekWM;wYl
esa foHkkftr dj yhft,A
f'k{kd Hkh bl izdkj dh oSdfYid dsl LVMht+ iznku dj ldrs gSAa
3-- ekS f [kd ijh{kk
05
ikB~;p;kZ esa vè;;u fd, x, fo"k;ksa ls ik¡p iz'u
d{kk
XII
(lS¼kfUrd)
le; % 3 ?kUVs
dqy vad 70
bdkbZ
bdkbZ dk uke
va d
1-
vfHkdfy=k iz.kkyh
05
2-
osc izk|
S ksfxdh
10
3-
osc ist fodkl
40
4-
eYVhehfM;k rFkk vkWFkfjax
15
dqy
70
bdkbZ&1 % vfHkdfy=k iz.kkyh
MkVkcsl 'kCnkoyh % MkVk] fjdkMZ@Vqfiy] Vscy] MkVk csl
dqt
a h dh ladYiuk % dSfa MMsV dqt
a h] izkFkfed dqt
a h] fodYi dqt
a h] rFkk fons'kh dqt
a h(
MkVkcsl Vwy % MkVk csl izcU/ku VwYl] lkj.kh l`tu ,oa lqj{kk] izkFkfed dqt
a h dh ifjHkk"kk djuk] LrEHk dh izfof"V
,oa fu"dklu] LrEHk dk iqu% ukedj.k] fjdkMks± dh izfof"V] fjdkMks± dk fu"dklu] fjdkMks± esa la'kksèku] rFkk lkjf.k;ksa
esa lEcUèkA
2 osc izkS|ksfxdh
lapkj rFkk usVodZ ladYiuk,¡
usV ofd±x dk fodkl]
ARPANET,
bUVjusV] bUVjLisl
169
fLofpax rduhd ds lUnHkZ esa usVodZ esa MkVk Hkstus ds fofHkUu <ax
MkVk lapkj 'kCnkoyh % pSuy dh ladYiuk] cS.M] cS.M pkSM+kbZ
kbps, mbps, gbps, Tbps½
(HZ, RHZ, MHZ)
rFkk MkVk LFkkukrj.k nj
bps,
iz"s k.k ekè;e % O;kofrZr ;qxy dscy] lek{kh dscy] izdkf'kd rUrq] vojDr] jsfM;ks fyad] ekbØksoos fyad rFkk
mixzg fyad
RJ 45
usVodZ ;qfDr;k¡ % ekWMes ]
dusDVj] bZFkjusV dkMZ] gc] fLop] xsVos
fofHkUu lafLFkfr;k¡ cl] rkjk] isM( LAN, MAN, WAN dh ladYiuk,¡
izkVs ksdkWy % TCP/IP, Qkby LFkkukUrj.k izkVs ksdkWy (FTP), PPP, Level Remote Loinm (Telnet), bUVjusV] ok;jysl@eksckby
lapkj GSM, CDMA, WLL, 3G, SMS, MMS okbl esy] vuqi;z ksx bysDVªkfW ud esy] pSV] ohfM;ks dkWuQjsflax
usVodZ lqj{kk ladYiuk,¡ Hkkjrh; lkbcj&fu;e] Qk;joky] dqfdt ] gSdlZ rFkk ØSdlZ
[kqys lzksr vkèkkfjr lkWÝVos;j dk ifjp;
'kCnkoyh RkFkk ldkp;Z %
OSS, FLOSS, GUN, FSF, OSI, W3C
ekud
(XML, CSS)
ifjHkk"kk,a % [kqys lzkrs lkW¶Vos;j] Ýhos;j] 'ks;jos;j] futh lkW¶Vos;j LFkkuhdj.k]
lkW¶Vos;j %
UNICODE
Linux, Mozilla web Browser, Apache Server, My SQL, Postgres, Pango, Open office, Tomcat,
PHP Python
osclkbV %
www. source forge. net, www. openrdf. org, www. open source. org, www. linux. com, www.
linux india. net, www. gnu. org. www.wbc.org.
eYVhehfM;k vuqi;z ksx % f'k{kk ¼CAI Vwy dk mi;ksx½] euksjt
a u] f'k{kk euksjt
a u] vkHkklh okLrfodrk] vadh;
iqLrdky;] lwpuk fd;ksLd] ekax ij ohfM;ks] osc ist ohfM;ks Qksu] ohfM;ks dkWuQjsflax rFkk LokLF;&fpUrkA
bdkbZ&3 % osc ist fodkl
HTML/DHTML
WEB-
dk iqujkoyksdu] d{kk
XI
esa vè;;u dh x;h
VB
ljoj dk izfr"Bkiu ,oa izcUèku&ljoj] bUVjusV lwpuk ljoj
lfØ; ljoj ist
(ASP), ASP
dh ladYiuk]
ASP
fLØIV
(IIS)/
ds y{k.k] vU; rqY; Vwy
O;fDrxr osc ljoj
JSP, PHP,
fLFkjkad] fLVªxa rFkk la[;kad
MkVk ds izdkj % iw.kk±d] ¶yksfVax fcUnq ¼,dy] nqxuq k½] fLVªxa ] fnukad] cwfy;u] eqnkz ] ifjorZ] oLrq]
pj] Li"V ,oa fufgr ?kks"k.kk(
izpkyd % vadxf.kr %
rqyuk %
rkfdZd %
+, -
¼ ,d pj] f} pj½]
*, /, \
<, >, <=, >=, <>, = ;
AND, OR, NOT, XOR, EQV, IMP
fLVªxa izpkyd %
& or +
¼laÜk`[a kyu ds fy,½
170
¼iw.kk±d foHkktu½
mod.^ ;
(PWS).
Qyu %
:ikUrj.k Qyu %
Abs (), CBool (), CByte (), CInt (), CStr (), CSng (), CLag (), CDate ();
fLVªxa eSuhiqy's ku Qyu %
UCase (), LCase (), Len (), Left (), Right (), Mid (), LTrin (), InStr (), RTrim
(), L Trim ();
le; ,oa fnukad Qyu %
Date (), Day (), Hour (), Left (), Len (), Minute (), Month (), Monthname (), Now
();
foU;kl % ?kks"k.kk rFkk 1 foeh; foU;klksa dk mi;ksxA
fu;U=k.k %
IF THEN, IF.. THEN.. ELSE.. END IF, IF.. THEN.. ELSE IF.. THEN.. END IF, SELECT..
CASE.. END SELECT, FOR.. NEXT, FOR EACH.. NEXT, DO WHILE.. LOOP, DO.. LOOP WHILE, DO
UNTIL. LOOP;
dk;Zfofèk rFkk izdk;Z % izkpyks@a rdks±(
y{; ekWMy lajpuk dh ladYiuk ¼xzkgd ls ljoj rFkk ljoj ls xzkgd½(
y{; % xq.kèkeZ] fofèk;k¡] ?kVuk,¡] y{; xq.k èkeZ LFkkiu] y{; xq.kèkeks± dh iqu% izkfIr] y{;ks@a fofèk;ksa dk vkg~oku
y{; ds izdkj % izR;qÙkj] vuqjksèk] izkFkZuk i=k] l=k] ljoj]
ASP
=kqfV
izR;qÙkj y{; % fyf[k, fofèk] tksfM+, ghMj] Append To Log, Binary Write, lqxe ekxks±
dk mi;ksx djuk] lwpuk fu;fU=kr djuk % cQj ¶y'k] Dyh;j] lekIr(
<% = Value/expr %>
vuqjksèk y{; % vuqjksèk y{; ,d=k djuk( DoSjh fLVªxa ] QkWe]Z ljoj pj] dqdht+] xzkgd izek.k i=k
izkFkZuk i=k % fo"k; oLrq] rkyk yxkvks] rkyk [kkst+k]s gVkvks] gVkvks lHkh dks(
ASP
vo;o %
AD
jksVVs j] fo"k;oLrq jksVVs j] dkmUVj] ist dkmUVj] vkKk pSdj
ikB~;oLrq Qkby % fdlh ikB~;oLrq Qkby dks [kksyuk rFkk fo"k;oLrq dks i<+ukA
ewy MkVkcsl ladYiuk,¡ % lkj.kh@lEcUèk dh ladYiuk] lEcUèk] dSUMhMsV dqt
a h] izkFkfed dqt
a h] fodYi dqt
a h] fons'kh
dqt
a h] MkVkcsl ls la;ksftr djuk( DSN dk l`tu] OLE DB mi;ksx djukA
MkVkcsl ij dk;Z djuk % ljoj&oLrqvksa ¼ADODB, la;kstu] ADODB, fjdkWMZ lsV½ ds mi;ksx }kjk MkVkcsl esa
lkjf.k;ksa ls fjdkWMks± dh izfof"V] iqu% izkfIr] la'kksèku@vk|ru djukA
ljoj pj %
HTTP
miHkksDrk ,stUs V]
REMOTE, ADDR, REMOTE HOST, SERVER NAME;
bdkbZ&4 % eYVhehfM;k ,oa vkWFkfjax VwYl
ewoh Qkby QkWesV %
AVI, MPEG, SWF, MOV, DAT;
ewoh Ýse % Ýse dh ladYiuk] Ýse cQj] rFkk Ýse nj
vkWFkfjax VwYl % ,uhes'ku cukuk] J`O;@ohfM;ks vUr% LFkkiu] rFkk osc ist ij vUr% LFkkfir djukA
eSØksehfM;k ÝyS'k ds mi;ksx }kjk eYVhehfM;k vkWFkfjax
ljy ewoh ¶yS'k cukuk] LFkkiu xq.kèkeZ] Ýse nj] foek,] rFkk i`"BHkwfe jaxA
171
n`'; % n`'; dh ladYiuk] MqIyhdsV n`';] n`'; tksM+uk] n`'; gVkuk] rFkk n`';ksa ds chp ekxZ funs'Z ku(
ijrs a % ijr dh ladYiuk] ijr ds xq.kèkeZ] ijr dk uke] fn[kkb,@ fNikb,@rkyk yxkb, ijrsa] ijrksa ds
izdkj lkekU;@xkbM@ekLd] :ijs[kk jax] :ijs[kk dh Hkkafr ijr ns[kuk] ijr Å¡pkbZ] fdlh ijr dk
tksM+uk&gVkuk
Ýse % Ýse dh ladYiuk(
eq[; Ýse dk l`tu] Ýse esa ikB~; oLrq dh izfof"V] Ýse esa xzkQh; vo;o dh izfof"V djuk] ikB~; oLrq@xzfQd
dks izrhd esa cnyuk] Ýse esa izrhd dh izfof"V djuk] izrhd xq.kèkeZ O;ofLFkr djuk ¼xzkfQd@cVu@ewoh½( [kkyh
Ýse izfof"V djuk] [kkyh eq[; Ýse izfof"V djuk] [kkyh Ýse esa eq[; Ýse dh izfof"V djuk] fdlh ijr ds lHkh@fof'k"V
Ýseksa dk p;u djuk] p;fur Ýseksa dh izfrfyfi cukuk@fpidkukA
fo'ks"k izHkko % xfr V~ohfuax] vkÑfr V~ohfuax] jax izHkko] èofu ijr dh izfof"V djuk] fdlh n`'; rFkk ewoh
dk ijh{k.k djukA
vk;kr@fu;kZr ¼ewoh@èofu rFkk vU; eYVhehfM;k oLrq,½a
izdk'ku % fdlh ¶yS'k ewoh dks izdkf'kr djuk] izdkf'kr O;ol;kvksa dks ifjofrZr djuk] SWF ¼¶yS'k ewoh½ dk
fuekZ.k djuk] HTML ist] GIF izfrfcEc] JPEG izfrfcEc (*. Jpg), PNG izfrfcEc] foUMks izkt
s Ds Vj (*, exe),
eSfdurks"k izkt
s Ds Vj (*, hqx), fDod Vkbe (*. mov), jh;y Iys;j (*, smil) izdkf'kr iwoZ leh{kk dk ijh{k.k
djukA
d{kk
XII
(izk;ksfxd)
le; % 3 ?kUVs
dqy vad % 30
1-- fl)gLr vuqHko
15
izR;sd fo|kFkhZ }kjk HTML, VB fLØIV rFkk ASP ds vUrxZr fofHkUu vkns'kksa dk mi;ksx djrs gq,
fdlh fo"k; ij vkèkkfjr de ls de 4 osc ist dh osc lkbV fodflr djuh gSA
osc ist dh vfHkdYiuk fuEufyf[kr y{k.kksa ds lkFk gksuh pkfg, %
HTML Basic Tag (html/head/title/body/B/I/U/BR/HR)
Qyu
izfrcfUèkr rFkk fu;U=k.k izdFku
fo"k; oLrq % izR;qÙkj@izkFkZuk@izkFkZuk&i=k @l=k@ljoj@ASP =kqfV
QksVks 'kkWi@dksjy
s Mªk dk mi;ksx djds izfrfcEc lEiknu
foyhu gks jgh ijrs@a xfreku rFkk izfrfyfi ijrsa
eYVhehfM;k vkWFkfjax dk mi;ksx ¼ekbØksehfM;k ¶yS'k ds mi;ksx }kjk½
172
¼uksV % fuxZr dks osc ist@¶yS'k ewoh@foUMks izkt
s Ds Vj@fDod Vkbe ds :i esAa
fo|kfFkZ;ksa ls lS)kfUrd ikB~;Øe esa v/;;u fd,
dks l`ftr djus ds fy, dgk tkrk gSA
XML
dh ladYiukvksa ij vk/kkfjr
2-- izk;ksfxd Qkby
XML
nLrkostksa
05
izk;ksfxd Qkby fuEu izHkko {ks=kksa fof'k"V {ks=kksa ij ¼nLrkostksa rFkk fizUV vkmV lfgr½ cukbZ tkuh
pkfg,A
,d ljy osc ist cukb, ftlesa
vk;dj foHkkx ds fy, ,d gkse ist ¼ljy rFkk ikB~;oLrq½ fodflr dhft, rFkk bls ml Mk;jsDVjh
esa lafpr dhft, ftldk mi;ksx osc ljoj ij osc lsokvksa ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA
ml osc ist
vU; uewuk istksa ¼tSls vk;dj tksu] fdlh O;fDrxr ds fy, vk;dj dk foLr`r fooj.k] vk;dj
uksfVfQds'ku] vk;dj lekpkj vkfn½ ds lkFk lEcUèk cukdj gkse ist
dks c<+kb,A
gkse ist
miHkksDrk iathÑr ist
iznku dj osc lkbV dks vkSj c<+kb,A miHkksDrk dk foLr`r fooj.k
,d=k djds ,d u;k osc ist iznf'kZr dhft, vkSj iathdj.k ds fy, èkU;okn n'kkZb,A QkeZ
fuos'kksa dks izkekf.kd cukus ds fy, mfpr dk;Z Hkh vafdr dhft,
miHkksDrk dks fdlh Nne uke ls ykWx bu lsok iznku dhft, rFkk l=k dks miHkksDrk ds ykWx
vkmV gksus rd cuk, jf[k,A
miHkksDrk ds ykWx bu iz;klksa ds fy, HksaVdrkZ&dkmaV cukdj jf[k,A
osc ist ds ykWx bu ekWM~;wy dks ifjofrZr dhft, vkSj vc bls ljoj ij vk;dj miHkksDrk
MkVkcsl ds lkFk la;ksftr dhft,A ;g iathdj.k fooj.k ds Hk.Mkj.k rFkk miHkksDrk ds ykWDM dks vkxs
c<+kus ds fy, fd;k tkuk gSA
;fn miHkksDrk viuk ikloMZ Hkwy tk, rks ykWx bu ist dks bl izdkj cukb, fd mlesa ikl oMZ dks
ifjofrZr djus dh Hkh lqfoèkk gksA
osc ljoj ij dqN l`ftr vFkok lEikfnr lkmaM Qkbyksa dks lafpr dhft, vkSj bUgsa ns[kus ds fy,
fyad iznku dhft,A
osc ist dh fn[kkoV dks mfpr LFkkuksa ij fp=kksa dk lekos'k djds ifjofrZr dhft, ¼mnkgj.k ds fy,
% vk;dj foHkkx dk yksxks] vk;dj Hkou dk fp=k vkfn dk lekos'k dhft,½
osc lkbVksa ¼jkT; ljdkj@LFkkuh; Hkk"kk ds lekpkj i=k½ dks nsf[k, rFkk LFkkuh; Hkk"kk esa 5 fofHkUu
fizUV vkmV izkIr dhft,A
LFkkuh; Hkk"kk esa osc ist fodflr dhft,A
HTML
ds yxHkx lHkh Vsx gksAa
dks czkmlj ij nsf[k,A
ij fnukad rFkk le; vUr% LFkkfir dhft,A
¼uks
uks V % fo|kFkhZ d{kk XI dh dsl LVMht+ esa lqèkkj Hkh dj ldrs gSa rFkk bls MkVkcsl rFkk eYVhehfM;k
vkèkkfjr lkexzh }kjk vkSj c<+k ldrs gSAa ½
173
3-- iz k s t s D V
05
dsl LVMht+ dks fuEufyf[kr Hkkxksa esa foHkkftr fd;k tkuk gS %
dsl LVMh Hkkx&
Hkkx&1 ¼osclkbV lkèkuksa dk ,d=khdj.k] lEiknu rFkk l`tu½
,d bysDVªkfW ud ewoh dk l`tu dhft, ftlesa fofHkUu fiDpj JO; drjus] ewoh drjus rFkk fdlh
laLFkku@fo|ky; ls lEcfUèkr okLrfod fo"k; oLrq gksA
3D ,uhes'ku ls ifjp;
osc istksa esa J`O; rFkk ohfM;ksa vUr%LFkkiuA
vU;ksU; okd~&Fkzw ls ifjp;A
osc istksa esa okd~&Fkwz vUr%LFkkfir djukA
fdj.ks LVksjh cksMZ dh vfHkdYiuk djukA
dsl LVMh Hkkx&2 ¼lkèkuksa ds lkFk osc lwph dk fodkl½
d{kk XI ds vUrxZr vè;;u dh xbZ dsl LVMh MkVkcsl vkèkkj] ykWxbu] vkWu ykbu iathdj.k] cqfdax
rFkk@vFkok vkns'k nsus dh lqfoèkk lfgr cukukA
uewuk dsl LVMh
¼uksV blh izdkj dh vU; dsl LVMht+ Hkh izkt
s Ds V dk;Z ds fy, mi;ksx dh tk ldrh gSA
a dk foLr`r
feLVj oekZ dkWIlh lkW¶V fMªd
a (I) fyfeVsM ds CEO gSAa budh dEiuh dk dkWIlh czkMa ds lkW¶V fMªd
forjd usVodZ gSAa bUgsa fcØh rFkk forj.k usVodZ esa o`f) ds lkFk orZeku iz.kkyh esa fdlh u;s izk|
S +kfs xd gLr{ksi
dks viukus dh vko';drk gSA og ;g pkgrs gSa fd mudh dEiuh dh foLr`r yksdfiz; ekè;e] ftls fo'oO;kih
osc dgrs gS]a }kjk oSf'od mifLFkfr izrhr gksA eku yhft, vkidh fu;qfDr bl dEiuh dh fodkl&Vhe esa ,d
ofj"B O;fDr ds :i esa dh tkrh gSA vki dEiuh dh orZeku vko';drk rFkk mlds fo"k; esa vU; tkudkjh
,d=k djuk pkgrs gSAa vkids dk;Z dks ljy cukus ds fy, geus dEiuh ds fo"k; esa fuEufyf[kr foLr`r fooj.k
,d=k fd;k gS
dEiuh ds fo"k; esa tkudkjh
dEiuh dk uke % dkWilh lkW¶V fMªd
a
(I)
fyfeVsM
{ks=k % iwo]Z if'pe] mÙkj rFkk nf{k.k
forjd % leLr lalkj esa
feLVj oekZ us dgk fd osc lkbV ij dEiuh ds fo"k; esa fuEufyf[kr inksa esa tkudkjh n'kkZ;h tkuh pkfg,
gkse ist
mRikn rFkk izkRs lkgu ist
forjd ykWx bu ist@ikloMZ olwyh ist
forjd fof'k"V foLr`r fooj.k ist
iathdj.k ist
forjd cuus ds fy,
dEiuh lekpkj rFkk {k.k nhfIr;ka
dEiuh&izksQkby
174
rduhdh fooj.k
osc lkbV ifjp; {k.k nhfIr;ksa esa fn;k tkuk gSA
forjd dh tkudkjh ds fy, ,d mi;qDr MkVkcsl cuk, j[kuk gS %
uksV %
mijksDr lkbV@ewoh ds fodkl ds fy, fofHkUu lzkrs ksa ls okLrfod tkudkjh ,d=k dhft,A
ikB~;Øe ds vè;;u ds vuqlkj mijksDr dsl LVMh dks NksV&s NksVs ekWM;~ y
w ksa esa foHkkftr djus dk ijke'kZ fn;k
tkrk gSA
f'k{kd Hkh blh izdkj dh oSdfYid dsl LVMh iznku dj ldrs gSAa
4- ekSf[kd iz'u
ikB~;Øe ds vUrxZr vè;;u dh xbZ fo"k; oLrq ls ik¡p iz'uA
lUnHkZ iqLrdsa
HTML XML
Mastering HTML 4 Premium Edition– Ray & Ray (BPB)
Using ITML (Fourth Edition) - Lee Anne Rlnilips (PHI)
Beginning XML David Hunter et al (WROX)
XML Pocet Reference-Scrnon St. Laurut Michol
PHOTOSHOP
Inside Adobe Photoshop 6, Gazy David Bouton Barbare Bouton, Gary Kubiclek, MareZebest Nathanson
(Techmedia)
Photoshop 7 Savvy - Steve Romaniello (BPB)
VB Script
VB Script-Paul wilson & others (Wrox)
Learn Microsoft VP Script in a weekend - Jerry Lee Ford Jy (Prcinier Press)
ASP
Developing ASP Components-Powers (Oreilly)
Active Server Pages 3-Developing ASP Components-Powers (Oreilly)
Developers Guide - Stephen Asbury & Manuet Alberto Ricard (Hungry Minds)
Practical SP-Bayross (BPB)
FLASH
Using Macromedic Flash 5 - Darrel Plant and Robert Cleveland (QVE)
175
Adobe Flash C 53 Professional for Windows and Macintosh Visual Quick Stgu Guide Katterine
Ulrich (Peachpit Press)
Networking
Computer Networking A 5 Tarenbaum, (4th Edition) (PHI)
Network Concept and Architechtures–Hancock (BPB)
Online Tntorigls
www.com schools.com
www. tutionalized.com
176
17- vFkZ'kkL=k (dksM la- 030)
ewykèkkj
vFkZ'kkL=k lkekftd foKku dk ,d ?kVd gS vkSj bldk izR;sd euq"; ds thou ij cgqr izHkko gksrk gSA
tSl&s tSls vFkZO;oLFkk vkSj vkfFkZd thou esa ifjorZu gksrs gS]a cPpksa ds vius vuqHko esa f'k{kk dks vkèkkj cukuk
vko';d gks tkrk gSA blds fy, cPpksa dks fo'ys"k.kkRed dkS'ky izkIr djus ds volj iznku djuk vR;ko';d
gS rkfd os vkfFkZd okLrfodrkvksa dk voyksdu dj ldsa vkSj mUgsa le> ldsAa
mPprj ekè;fed Lrj ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa esa Lo;a lkspus vkSj le>us dh {kerk fodflr gks tkrh gSA os vewrZ
fopkjksa dks Hkh le> ldrs gSAa bl Lrj ij muds fy, vFkZ'kkL=k dks ,d vyx fo"k; ds :i esa izLrqr fd;k
x;k gSA
'kq: esa mUgsa ns'k dh vkfFkZd okLrfodrkvksa ls ifjfpr djk;k x;k gS vkSj bUgsa le>us ds fy, dqN ewy
lkaf[;dh; fofèk;k¡ crkbZ xbZ gSAa ckn esa vFkZ'kkL=k dks ,d vewrZ fl)kUr ds :i esa izLrqr fd;k x;k gSA
vFkZ'kkL=k ds ikB~;Øe esa iz{ksi.k dk;Z Hkh 'kkfey fd, x, gSAa blls nSfud thou ls tqM+s gq, fofHkUu vkfFkZd
eqnn~ ksa vkSj vU; vn`'; O;kid eqíksa dh Nkuchu djus ds volj izkIr gksxa As bu ikB~;Øeksa ls izkIr 'kSf{kd fuiq.krk
mUgsa iz{ksi.k dk;Z djus esa lgk;d gksxhA ;g ikB~;Øe lwpuk o lapkj izk|
S ksfxdh ds iz;ksx ds volj iznku djsxk
tks mudh vfèkxe izfØ;k esa lgk;d gksxa As
mís';
dqN ewy vkfFkZd voèkkj.kkvksa dks le>uk] mudk vkfFkZd foospu djuk vkSj ukxfjd] Jfed o miHkksDrk
ds :i esa mldk nSfud thou esa iz;ksx djukA
jk"Vª fuekZ.k esa fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh Hkwfedk le>uk vkSj ns'k ds le{k vkfFkZd eqíksa ds izfr laons u'khy gksukA
vkfFkZd eqíksa dk fo'ys"k.k djus ds fy, ewy vkfFkZd o lkaf[;dh; fofèk;ksa dh tkudkjh izkIr djukA
;g le>uk fd fdlh Hkh vkfFkZd eqís ij ,d ls vfèkd er gks ldrs gSa vkSj rdZ&laxr okn fookn djus
dh {kerk dk fodkl djukA
177
¼ikB~;Øe dh :ijs[kk½
d{kk 11
iz'u&i=k&
u&i=k&1
3 ?ka V s
va d &&100
bdkbZ ; k¡
ihfj;M
va d
1- ifjp;
5
3
2- vk¡dM+ksa dk laxgz .k] O;oLFkkiu vkSj izLrqrhdj.k
25
12
3- lkaf[;dh; fofèk;k¡ vkSj fuoZpu
64
30
4- vFkZ'kkL=k esa iz{ksi.k dk;Z
10
5
5- fodklkRed uhfr;k¡ vkSj vuqHko
¼1947&90½
18
10
6- 1991 ls vkfFkZd lqèkkj
14
8
7- Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk ds lEeq[k orZeku pqukSfr;k¡
60
25
8- Hkkjr dk fodkl lEcUèkh vuqHko&iM+kfs l;ksa ds lkFk rqyuk
12
7
208
100
Hkkx&v % vFkZ'kkL=k ds fy, lkaf[;dh
Hkkx&c % Hkkjrh; vkfFkZd fodkl
dqy
Hkkx&v % vFkZ'kkL=k ds fy, lkaf[;dh
bl ikB~;Øe esa fo|kfFkZ;ksa ls fofHkUu lkèkkj.k vkfFkZd igyqvksa ls lEcfUèkr la[;kRed vkSj xq.kkRed lwpuk dk
lqO;ofLFkr rjhds ls laxgz .k] O;oLFkkiu vkSj izLrqrhdj.k dh fuiq.krk izkIr djus dh vis{kk dh tkrh gSA bldk mís';
dqN ewy lkaf[;dh; fofèk;k¡ iznku djuk Hkh gS ftudh lgk;rk ls fdlh Hkh vkfFkZd lwpuk dh O;k[;k vkSj mldk fo'ys"k.k
fd;k tk lds vkSj mi;qDr fu"d"kZ fudkys tk ldsAa bl izfØ;k esa fo|kfFkZ;ksa ls fofHkUu vkfFkZd vk¡dM+kas ds O;ogkj
dks le>us dh vis{kk dh tkrh gSA
bdkbZ&1 % ifjp;
(ihfj;M 5)
vFkZ'kkL=k D;k gS\
lkaf[;dh dk vFkZ vkSj fo"k;&{ks=k] vkSj
bldk vFkZ'kkL=k esa egRoA
bdkbZ&2 % vk¡dM+ksa dk laxzg.k] O;oLFkkiu vkSj izLrqrhdj.k
(ihfj;M 25)
vk¡dM+kas dk laxgz .k vk¡dM+kas ds òksr izkFkfed vkSj f}rh;d] ewy vk¡dM+kas dk laxgz .k dSls fd;k tkrk gS] vk¡dM+kas
ds laxgz .k dh fofèk;k¡ % f}rh;d vk¡dM+kas ds dqN egRoiw.kZ òksr % Hkkjr dh tux.kuk vkSj jk"Vªh; izfrn'kZ los{Z k.k
laxBuA
178
vk¡dM+kas dk O;oLFkkiu % py jkf'k;kas dk vFkZ vkSj izdkj] vko`fÙk forj.k
vk¡dM+kas dk izLrqrhdj.k % vk¡dM+kas dk rkfydk ds :i esa vkSj vkjs[kh izLrqrhdj.k %
(i)
T;kferh; :i ¼n.M vkjs[k vkSj o`Ùkkdkj ¼ikbZ½ vkjs[k½]
(ii)
vko`fÙk vkjs[k [¼fgLVksxkz e½ vk;r fp=k] cgqHkqt ¼iksyhxksu½ vkSj rksj.k ¼vkstkbo½, vkSj
(iii)
vadxf.krh; js[kk fp=k ¼dky Js.kh js[kkfp=k½A
bdkbZ&3 % lkaf[;dh; fofèk;k¡ vkSj fuoZpu
(ihfj;M 64)
¼lHkh la[;kRed iz'uksa vkSj muds gy ds fy, mi;qDr vkfFkZd O;k[;k nsus dk iz;Ru djsAa ;kuh iz'uksa ds gy
djus ds ckn fo|kFkhZ muls izkIr ifj.kkeksa dh O;k[;k djs½a
dsUnzh; izof` Ùk ds eki ekè; ¼lkèkkj.k vkSj Hkkfjr½] eè;dk vkSj cgqydA
fopyu ds eki fujis{k fopyu ¼jst
a ] prqFkZd fopyu] ekè; fopyu vkSj ekud fopyu½ lkis{k fopyu ¼prqFkZd
fopyu xq.kkad] ekè; izdh.kZu xq.kkad½] ykjst
a oØ % vFkZ vkSj mi;ksxA
lglEcUèk vFkZ] izdh.kZu vkjs[k] lglEcUèk ds eki&dkyZ ih;lZu fofèk ¼nks pjksa ds voxhZÑr vk¡dM+½s Lih;jeSu
dk dksVh lglacèa kA
lwpdkad ls ifjp; vFkZ] izdkj Fkksd dher lwpdkad] miHkksDrk dher lwpdkad vkSj vkS|ksfxd mRiknu ds lwpdkad]
lwpdkadksa ds mi;ksx] eqnkz LQhfr vkSj lwpdkadA
bdkbZ&4 % vFkZ'kkL=k esa iz{ksi.k dk;Z
fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks ,sls iz{ksi.kksa ds fy, izkRs lkfgr djuk pkfg, ftuesa izkFkfed] f}rh;d ;k nksuksa izdkj ds vk¡dM+s
gksAa dqN laxBuksa ds dsl vè;;u ds fy, Hkh izkRs lkfgr djuk pkfg,A iz{ksi.kksa ds dqN mnkgj.k uhps fn, x,
gS%a ¼;s dsoy lq>kokRed gSa vfuok;Z ugha½
(i)
vkids iM+kl
s ds tulkaf[;d <k¡ps ij ,d fjiksVZ
(ii)
ifjokjksa esa miHkksDrk tkx:drkA
(iii)
cktkj esa dqN lfCt;ksa dh dherksa esa gksus okys ifjorZu
(iv)
,d lgdkjh laLFkk dk vè;;u] nqXèk lgdkfjrk,¡A
bl bdkbZ dks ikB~;Øe esa 'kkfey djus dk mís'; fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks blls izkIr fuiq.krk ls iz{ksi.k rS;kj djus
ds rjhds tkuuk gSA blesa iz{ksi.k dk 'kh"kZd pquuk] mlls lEcfUèkr tkudkjh izkIr djuk] izkFkfed o f}rh;d
vk¡dM+kas dk laxgz .k djuk] vk¡dM+kas dk fo'ys"k.k djuk vkSj lkaf[;dh; fofèk;ksa dk iz;ksx djuk vkSj fu"d"kZ dh
O;k[;k djuk 'kkfey gSA
Hkkx c % Hkkjrh; vkfFkZd fodkl
bdkbZ&5 % fodklkRed uhfr;k¡ vkSj vuqHko (1947&90)
LorU=krk ds le; Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk dh fLFkfrA
179
(ihfj;M 18)
iap&o"khZ; ;kstukvksa ds lkekU; mís';A
Ñf"k dh eq[; fo'ks"krk,¡] leL;k,¡ vkSj uhfr;k¡A
¼laLFkkukRed igyw vkSj ubZ Ñf"k uhfr vkfn½ m|ksx ¼vkS|ksfxd ykblsl
a uhfr vkfn½ vkSj fons'kh O;kikjA
bdkbZµ6 % 1991 ls vkfFkZd lqèkkj
(ihfj;M 14)
vko';drk vkSj eq[; fo'ks"krk,¡ mnkjhdj.k] Hkwe.Myh;dj.k vkSj futhdj.k
bu uhfr;ksa dk ewY;kaduA
bdkbZ&7 % Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk ds lEeq[k orZeku pqukSfr;k¡
xjhch lkis{k vkSj fujis{k] xjhch nwj djus ds eq[; dk;ZØe % vkykspukRed ewY;kadu]
xzkeh.k fodkl % ewy eqís lk[k vkSj foi.ku lgdkfjrkvksa dh Hkwfedk] Ñ"kh; fofoèkrk] oSdfYid [ksrh tSo
[ksrh
ekuoh; iwt
¡ h fuekZ.k % euq"; lalkèku dSls curs gS]a vkfFkZd fodkl esa ekuoh; iwt
¡ h dh Hkwfedk] Hkkjr esa
f'k{kk {ks=k dk fodklA
jkstxkj % laof` ) vukSipkfjdrk] vkSj vU; eqíAs
vkèkkfjd lajpuk % vFkZ vkSj izdkj % dsl vè;;u ] ÅtkZ vkSj LokLF; ] leL;k,¡ vkSj uhfr;k¡ vkykspukRed
ew Y ;ka d uA
lrr~ iks"k.kh; vkfFkZd fodkl % vFkZ] vkfFkZd fodkl ds lalkèkuksa vkSj i;kZoj.k ij izHkkoA
bdkbZ&8 % Hkkjr ds fodklkRed vuqHko
(ihfj;M 12)
iM+kslh ns'kksa ds lkFk rqyuk]
Hkkjr vkSj ikfdLrku]
Hkkjr vkSj phu]
eqís % lao`f)] tula[;k] {ks=kh; fodkl] vkSj
fodkl ds vU; lwpd
izLrkfor ikB~;iqLrdsa
1- vFkZ'kkL=k esa lkaf[;dh] ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh- }kjk izdkf'kr
2- Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk dk fodkl] ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh- }kjk izdkf'kr
180
ikB~;Øe dh :ijs[kk
d{kk&
d{kk&12
le; % 3 ?kaVs
iz'u&i=k
vad % 100
bdkbZ ; k¡
Hkkx v izkjafHkd O;f"V vFkZ'kkL=k
1- ifjp;
10
4
2- miHkksDrk lary
q u vkSj ek¡x
32
18
3- mRiknd&O;ogkj vkSj iwfrZ
32
18
4- cktkj ds Lo:i vkSj dher fuèkkZj.k
22
10
5- ek¡x vkSj iwfrZ ds lkèkkj.k mi;ksx
8
&
6- jk"Vªh; vk; vkSj lEcfUèkr leqPp;
30
15
7- eqnkz vkSj cSfa dax
18
8
8- vk; o jkstxkj dk fuèkkZj.k
25
12
9- ljdkjh ctV vkSj vFkZO;oLFkk
17
8
10- Hkqxrku lUrqyu
14
7
208
100
Hkkx c izkjafHkd lef"V vFkZ'kkL=k
dqy
Hkkx&v % izkjafHkd O;f"V vFkZ'kkL=k
bdkbZ&1 % ifjp;
¼ihfj;M 10½½
vFkZO;oLFkk D;k gS\ vFkZO;oLFkk dh dsUnzh; leL;k,¡ % D;k] dSls vkSj fdlds fy, mRiknu] mRiknu laHkkouk lhek
vkSj volj ykxr
(i)
fu;ksftr vkSj cktkj vFkZO;oLFkk]
(ii)
okLrfod vkSj vkn'kZd vFkZ'kkL=k vkSj
(iii) O;f"Vxr
vkSj lef"Vxr vFkZ'kkL=k esa HksnA
¼ew
ewY;kadu u fd, tkus okys fo"k; % vFkZ'kkL=k ds vè;;u esa iz;ksx dh tkus okyh dqN ewy fofèk;k¡ ,d js[kk
dk lehdj.k] ,d js[kk dk <yku] ,d oØ dk <yku½
bdkbZ&2 % miHkksDrk dk larqyu vkSj ek¡x
¼ 32 ihfj;M½
miHkksDrk lary
q u vkSj ek¡x % miHkksDrk dk lary
q u mi;ksfxrk dk vFkZ] lhekUr mi;ksfxrk] Ðkleku lhekar
mi;ksfxrk dk fu;e] lhekar mi;ksfxrk fo'ys"k.k esa miHkksDrk ds lary
q u dh 'krsA±
miHkksDrk ds larqyu dk vufèkeku oØ fo'ys"k.k miHkksDrk dk ctV ¼ctV lsV vkSj ctV js[kk½
miHkksDrk dh izkFkfedrk,¡ ¼vufèkeku oØ vkSj vufèkeku fp=k½ vkSj miHkksDrk ds lary
q u dh 'krsA±
181
ek¡x] cktkj ek¡x] ek¡x ds fuèkkZjd] ek¡x vuqlp
w h] ek¡x oØ] ek¡x oØ ij gh LFkku cnyko vkSj ek¡x oØ dk
f[klduk] ek¡x dh dher yksp ek¡x dh dher yksp dks izHkkfor djus okys dkjd] ek¡x dh dher yksp dk
ekiu ¼v½ izfr'kr ifjorZu fofèk vkSj ¼c½ T;kferh; fofèk ¼jSf[kd ek¡x oؽ] ek¡x dh dher yksp vkSj
dqy O;; esa laca èa kA
bdkbZµ3 % mRiknd dk O;ogkj vkSj iwfrZ
(32 ihfj;M)
mRiknu Qyu % dq y mRikn] vkS l r mRikn vkS j lheka r mRikn] ,d dkjd ds iz f rQy@ykxr vkS j
la i z k fIr % vYidkyhu ykxrs a % dq y ykxr] dq y fLFkj ykxr] dq y ifjorhZ ykxr] vkS l r fLFkj ykxr]
vkSlr ifjorhZ ykxr] vkSlr lhekar ykxr vFkZ vkSj lacaèk] laizkfIr dqy] vkSlr vkSj lhekar
la i z k fIrA
mRiknd dk lary
q u vFkZ vkSj bldh 'krs± ¼v½ dqy laikz fIr&dqy ykxr mikxe vkSj ¼c½ lhekar laikz fIr&lhekar
ykxr mikxeA
iwfrZ] cktkj iwfrZ] iwfrZ ds fuèkkZjd] iwfrZ vuqlp
w h] iwfrZ oØ] iwfrZ oØ ij gh LFkku cnyko vkSj iwfrZ oØ dk
f[kldukA iwfrZ dh dher yksp] iwfrZ dh dher yksp dk ekiu ¼v½ izfr'kr ifjorZu fofèk] vkSj ¼c½ T;kferh
fofèkA
bdkbZµ4 % cktkj ds Lo:i vkSj dher fuèkkZj.k
22 ihfj;M
iw.kZ izfr;ksfxrk&vFkZ vkSj fo'ks"krk,¡ %
iw.kZ izfr;ksfxrk ds vUrxZr cktkj lary
q u lary
q u dher dk fuèkkZj.k] ek¡x vkSj iwfrZ eas oØksa esa f[kldko
ds izHkko
xSj izfr;ksxh cktkj ,dkfèkdkj] ,dkfèkdkjkRed izfr;ksfxrk] vYikfèkdkj vFkZ vkSj fo'ks"krk,¡A
bdkbZµ5 % ek¡x vkSj iwfrZ ds lkèkkj.k mi;ksx (ijh{kk ds fy, ugha)
Hkkx c & izkjafHkd lef"V vFkZ'kkL=k
bdkbZ&6 % jk"Vªh; vk; vkSj lEcfUèkr leqPp;
(8 ihfj;M)
(30 ihfj;M)
lef"V vFkZ'kkL=k vFkZ % lef"V vFkZ'kkL=k dh dqN ewy voèkkj.kk,¡ % miHkksx oLrq,]¡ iwt
¡ hxr oLrq,]¡ vfUre
oLrq,]¡ eè;orhZ oLrq,]¡ LVkWd vkSj izokg] ldy fuos'k vkSj ewY;ÐklA
vk; dk pØh; izokg] jk"Vªh; vk; ds ifjdyu dh fofèk;k¡ ewY; laoèkZu ;k mRiknu fofèk] O;; fofèk] vk;
fofèkA
jk"Vªh; vk; dh voèkkj.kk,¡ vkSj lacafèkr leqPp; %
ldy jk"Vªh; mRikn] fuoy jk"Vªh; mRikn] ldy vkSj fuoy ?kjsyw mRikn cktkj ewY; vkSj dkjd ykxr
ij] jk"Vªh; iz;ksT; vk; ¼ldy vkSj fuoy½ futh vk;] O;SfDrd vk;] O;SfDrd iz;ksT; vk;] okLrfod
vkSj ekSfnzd ldy ?kjsyw mRikn] ldy ?kjsyw mRikn vkSj dY;k.kA
182
bdkbZ&7 % eqnzk vkSj cSafdax
(18 ihfj;M)
eqnzk vFkZ vkSj dk;Z % eqnkz dh iwfrZ turk ds ikl eqnkz vkSj O;kikfjd cSd
a ksa ds ikl fuoy ek¡x tek,¡A
O;kikfjd cSd
a ksa }kjk lk[k fuekZ.kA
dsUnzh; cSd
a vkSj blds dk;Z ¼Hkkjrh; fjt+oZ cSd
a dk mnkgj.k½
bdkbZµ8 % vk; vkSj jkstxkj dk fuèkkZj.k
(ihfj;M 25)
lexz ek¡x vkSj blds ?kVd] miHkksx izof` Ùk vkSj cpr izof` Ùk ¼vkSlr vkSj lhekar½
mRikn cktkj esa vYidky esa fLFkj dher] mRiknu dk lary
q u Lrj] fuos'k ;k mRiknu xq.kd vkSj xq.kd dh
izfØ;kA
iw.kZ jkstxkj vkSj vuSfPNd csjkstxkjh dk vFkZ
ek¡x vkfèkD; vkSj ek¡x dh deh dh leL;k,¡] bUgsa Bhd djus ds mik; ljdkjh O;; esa ifjorZu] lk[k dh
miyCèkrkA
bdkbZµ9 % ljdkjh ctV vkSj vFkZO;oLFkk
(ihfj;M 17)
ljdkjh ctV vFkZ] mís'; vkSj ?kVd
izkfIr;ksa dk oxhZdj.k jktLo izkfIr vkSj iwt
¡ hxr izkfIr] O;; dk oxhZdj.k jktLo O;; vkSj iwt
¡ hxr O;;A
ljdkjh ctV ds ?kkVs ds fofHkUu eki jktLo ?kkVk] jktdks"kh; ?kkVk vkSj izkFkfed ?kkVk budk vFkZ vkSj
izHkkoA
jktdks"kh; uhfr vkSj bldh Hkwfedk ¼ijh{kk ds fy, ugha½
bdkbZµ10 % Hkqxrku larqyu
(ihfj;M 14)
Hkqxrku lary
q u [kkrk vFkZ vkSj ?kVd] Hkqxrku lary
q u [kkrs esa ?kkVk vFkZ
fons'kh fofue; nj fLFkj vkSj uE; fons'kh fofue;A
nj dk vFkZ vkSj fu;af=kr uE; njA
eqDr cktkj esa fofue; nj dk fuèkkZj.kA
izLrkfor ikB~;iqLrdsa
1- O;f"V vFkZ'kkL=k] ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh- }kjk izdkf'kr
2- O;f"V vFkZ'kkL=k] ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh- }kjk izdkf'kr
183
18- O;olk; vè;;u (dksM la[;k 054)
rdkZèkkj
izFke nl o"kks± dh fo|ky;h f'k{kk ds mijkar +2 mPprj ekè;fed f'k{kk Lrj ij O;olk; vè;;u
fo"k; dk vkSipkfjd okf.kfT;d f'k{kk ds :i esa lekos'k fd;k x;k gSA vr% ;g vko';d gks tkrk
gS fd bl fo"k; esa fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks f'k{kk bl izdkj nh tk, fd muesa O;olk; ¼m|ksx] O;kikj rFkk O;kikj
ds lgk;d½ rFkk lekt ds fl)kUrksa ,oa izFkkvksa dks le>us dk Kku mRiUu gks ldsA
O;olk; ,d xfr'khy izfØ;k gS tks bl cnyrs gq, oSf'od i;kZoj.k esa rduhd] izkÑfrd lalkèkuksa
vkSj ekuoh; iz;klksa dks ,d lkFk ys vkrh gSA O;olk; dh izfØ;kvksa dk izcUèk rFkk i;kZoj.k ds lkFk
mldh vUr%fØ;k djus ds fy, ml <k¡ps dk vè;;u vko';d gS ftlesa Qes± vius O;olk; dk lapkyu
djrh gSaA oS'ohdj.k us mu rjhdksa dks cny fn;k gS ftuds }kjk Qes± viuk O;olk; pyk jgh FkhaA
lwpuk rduhd vfèkd ls vfèkd laxBuksa dh O;kolkf;d fØ;kvksa dk Hkkx cu jgh gSaA dEI;wVjhÑr
fofèk;k¡ cgqr rhoz xfr ls vU; fofèk;ksa dk LFkku ys jgh gSAa bZ&O;olk; rFkk blls lEcfUèkr voèkkj.kk,¡
cgqr rsth ls viuk LFkku cuk jgh gSa vr% ikB~;Øe esa budks egRoiw.kZ LFkku fn;k tkuk vfr vko';d gSA
O;olk; vè;;u dk ;g ikB~;Øe O;olk; dks izHkkfor djus okys bu ifjorZuksa dk izR;qÙkj nsus]
fo'ys"k.k djus] izcUèk djus ,oa ewY;kadu djus ds fy, fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks rS;kj djsxkA
blls O;kolkf;d i;kZoj.k dks ,d fHkUu n`f"Vdks.k ls ns[kus ,oa mudh vU;ksU;fØ;k djus dk volj
feysxkA ;g bl rF; dks Lohdkj djrk gS fd O;olk; lkekftd] jktuSfrd] dkuwuh ,oa vkfFkZd 'kfDr;ksa
dks izHkkfor djrk gS vkSj muls izHkkfor Hkh gksrk gSA blds }kjk fo|kFkhZ ;g le> tkrs gSa fd O;olk;
lekt dk ,d vfHkUu vax gS rFkk lkekftd ,oa uSfrd igyqvksa dks le>us lEcUèkh mudh fopkjèkkjk
esa fodkl Hkh gksrk gSA
vr% O;kolkf;d txr dk vkèkkjHkwr Kku izkIr djus ds fy,] O;olk; vè;;u dk ;g ikB~;Øe
mi;ksxh fl) gksxk rFkk fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks vè;;u&{ks=k vkSj dk;Z&fodYiksa ls voxr djkdj fo|ky; vkSj
dk;Z ds chp dh nwjh dks de djsxkA
mís';
fo|kfFkZ;ksa esa O;olk; dh izfØ;kvksa vkSj mlds i;kZoj.k dh le> fodflr djuk]
fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks O;olk; dh xfr'khy izÑfr ,oa blds vUr%fuHkZj igyqvksa ls ifjfpr djkuk]
O;olk;] O;kikj ,oa m|ksx ds fl)kUrksa ,oa izFkkvksa esa #fp fodflr djuk]
fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks ,d O;kolkf;d QeZ dks laxfBr djus] mldk izcUèk djus rFkk mldh fØ;kvksa ds
lapkyu lEcUèkh lS)kfUrd vkèkkjksa ls ifjfpr djkukA
fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks O;kolkf;d fØ;kvksa ds vkfFkZd ,oa lkekftd egRo rFkk mlls mRiUu lkekftd
ykxr o ykHkksa dk fu:i.k djus esa lgk;rk djukA
O;olk; ds lalkèkuksa ,oa lapkyu fØ;kvksa dh izcUèk lEcUèkh izFkkvksa ls fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks ifjfpr djkukA
184
fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks ,d vfèkd izHkkoiw.kZ ,oa mÙkjnk;h miHkksDrk] fu;ksDrk] deZpkjh ,oa ukxfjd ds :i esa dk;Z
djus ds fy, rS;kj djukA
fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks fo|ky; ls ckgjh nqfu;k ds dk;Z{ks=k ls ftlesa Lo&jkstxkj Hkh lfEefyr gS ifjfpr
djkukA
fo|kfFkZ;ksa esa O;kolkf;d fopkjèkkjk fodflr djuk rFkk vius vkidks lqLi"V ,oa ;FkkFkZ :i esa izLrqr djus
dk dkS'ky fodflr djukA
O;olk; vè;;u
d{kk&XI
iz'u&i=k % ,d
le; % 3 ?kaVs
vad % 100
bdkbZ ; k¡
Hkkx&d % O;olk; ds vkèkkj
1- O;olk; dh izÑfr ,oa mís';
20
08
2- O;kolkf;d laxBu ds Lo:i
24
12
3- lkoZtfud futh] ,oa HkweMa yh; miØe
20
10
4- O;kolkf;d lsok,¡
18
08
5- O;olk; dh mHkjrh i)fr;k¡
10
06
6- O;olk; dk lkekftd mÙkjnkf;Ro ,oa O;kolkf;d uSfrdrk
12
06
7- daiuh LFkkiuk
16
07
8- O;kolkf;d foÙk ds òksr
20
10
9- y?kq O;olk;
14
07
10- vkarfjd O;kikj
20
8
11- varjkZ"Vªh; O;olk;
12
8
12- ifj;kstuk dk;Z
22
10
208
100
Hkkx&[k % laxBu] foÙk ,oa O;kikj
dqy
Hkkx&d % O;olk; ds vkèkkj
bdkbZµI % O;olk; dh izÑfr ,oa mís';
ihfj;M&104
(ihfj;M&20)
O;olk; dh voèkkj.kk o mldh fo'ks"krk,¡A
O;olk;] is'kk rFkk jkstxkj fof'k"V y{k.kA
O;olk; ds mís'; vkfFkZd ,oa lkekftd] ykHk dh O;olk; esa HkwfedkA
185
O;kolkf;d fØ;kvksa dk oxhZdj.k m|ksx ,oa okf.kT;A
m|ksx izkFkfed] f}rh;d rFkk r`rh;d m|ksxA
okf.kT; O;kikj vkSj O;kikj ds lgk;dA
O;kolkf;d tksf[ke izÑfr vkSj dkj.kA
bdkbZµ2 % O;kolkf;d laxBu ds Lo:i
(ihfj;M&24)
,dy LokfeRo
vFkZ] fo'ks"krk,¡] xq.k o lhek,¡A
lk>snkjh vFkZ] izdkj] iathdj.k] xq.k] lhek,¡] lk>snkjksa ds izdkjA
la;qDr] fgUnw ifjokj O;olk; % fo'ks"krk,a xq.k( lhek;sa
lgdkjh laxBu izdkj] xq.k o lhek,¡A
dEiuh futh dEiuh] lkoZtfud dEiuh% fo'ks"krk,¡ xq.k o lhek,¡A
O;olkf;d laxBu ds Lo:i dk pquko]
O;olk; izkjEHk djuk vkèkkjHkwr rRo
bdkbZµ3 % lkoZtfud ,oa futh] HkweaMyh; miØe (m|e)
(ihfj;M&20)
lkoZtfud ,oa futh {ks=k
lkoZtfud {ks=k ds m|eksa ds laxBuksa ds Lo:i
foHkkxh; miØe
oSèkkfud miØe
ljdkjh dEiuh
lkoZtfud {ks=k dh cnyrh Hkwfedk
HkweMa yh; miØe y{k.k] la;Dq r miØe % fo'ks"krk,¡ vFkZ o ykHkA
bdkbZµ4 % O;kolkf;d lsok,¡
(ihfj;M&18)
O;kolkf;d lsokvksa dh izÑfr ,oa izdkj cSfa dax] chek ifjogu] HkaMkj.k] lapkj.k ;k lEiz"s k.k
cSfa dax cSd
a ksa ds izdkj] okf.kT; cSd
a ksa ds dk;Z] bZ&cSfa daxA
chek fl)kar] izdkj thou] vfXu o lkeqfnzd
HkaMkj.k izdkj o dk;Z
Mkd o VsfydkWe ¼nwj lapkj½ lsok,¡
bdkbZµ5 % O;olk; dh mHkjrh i¼fr;k¡
(ihfj;M&10)
bZ&O;olk; dk;Z {ks=k ,oa ykHk] lQy bZ&O;olk; dk;kZUo;u ds fy, lalkèkuksa dh vko';drk vkWu&ykbZu
ysu&nsu] Hkqxrku ra=k] O;kolkf;d ysu&nsuksa dh lqj{kk
ckº; L=kksrhdj.k voèkkj.kk] vko';drk o dk;Z{ks=kA
186
bdkbZµ6 % O;olk; dk lkekftd mÙkjnkf;Ro ,oa O;kolkf;d uSfrdrk,¡
(ihfj;M&12)
lkekftd mÙkjnkf;Ro dh voèkkj.kkA
lkekftd mÙkjnkf;Ro ds fy, izdj.kA
Lokfe;ks]a fofu;ksxdÙkkZvksa deZpkfj;ks]a miHkksDrkvks]a ljdkj rFkk lekt ds izfr mÙkjnkf;RoA
i;kZoj.k lEcUèkh laj{k.k rFkk O;olk;A
O;kolkf;d uSfrdrk voèkkj.kk ,oa rRo
Hkkxµc % laxBu] foÙk ,oa O;kikj
(ihfj;M&104)
bdkbZµ7 % dEiuh dh LFkkiuk
(ihfj;M&16)
dEiuh fuekZ.k esa dne %
izorZu
lekesyu rFkk
O;kikj dk izkjEHkA
bdkbZµ8 % O;kolkf;d foÙk ds ò ksr
(ihfj;M&20)
O;kolkf;d foÙk dh izÑfr ,oa egRo
LokfeRo dks"k ,oa _.k iwt
¡ h dks"k
foÙk o`f) ds lkèku % lerk ,oa iwokZfèkdkj va'kA
_.k i=k ,oa cS.M
foÙkh; laLFkkvksa ls _.k
lafpr izfrèkkfjr ykHk
Hkwe.Myh; tek ikorh ¼jlhn½] vesfjdu tek ikorh
okf.kfT;d csd
a ksa ls _.k
lkoZtfud fu{ksi ¼tek½
O;kikfjd lk[k
bdkbZµ9 % y?kq O;olk;
(ihfj;M&14)
y?kq Lrjh; m|ksx&NksVh vkS|ksfxd bdkbZ;k¡] dqVhj ,oa xzkeh.k m|ksx]
xzkeh.k Hkkjr esa y?kq O;olk; dh Hkwfedk]
Hkkjr esa y?kq O;olk; dh leL;k,¡
xzkeh.k] fiNM+s rFkk ioZrh; {ks=kksa ds m|ksxksa ds fy, ljdkj dh lgk;rk rFkk fo'ks"k ;ksX;rk,¡A
187
bdkbZµ10 % vkUrfjd O;kikj
(ihfj;M&20)
vkarfjd O;kikj dk vFkZ o izdkj Fkksd O;kikj ,oa QqVdj O;kikjA
Fkksd o QqVdj foØsrkvksa dh lsok,¡A
QqVdj Fkksd O;kikj ds izdkj % Hkze.k'khy QqVdj foØsrk o LFkk;h nqdkunkj
foHkkxh; HkaMkj] lqij cktkj] ekWYl@Ük`[a kyk Hk.Mkj] Mkd vkns'k O;olk;] miHkksDrk lgdkjh HkaMkjA
Lopkfyr foØ; e'khuA
pSca j vkWQ dkWelZ ,aM baMLVªh dh vkarfjd O;kikj ds laoèkZu esa HkwfedkA
bdkbZµ11 % varjkZ"Vªh; O;olk;
(ihfj;M&12)
varjkZ"Vªh; O;olk; dh izÑfr] egRo ,oa tfVyrk,¡A
varjkZ"Vªh; O;olk; esa izo's k ds rjhdsA
vk;kr&fu;kZr dk;Z fofèk;k¡ ,oa iz;Dq r gksus okys izy[s k cká O;kikj laoèkZuA laxBukRed lgk;rk ,oa vfHkizjs d]
fu;kZr&izfØ;k {ks=kA fo'ks"k vkfFkZd {ks=k (SEZ) dh izÑfr ,oa egRo] vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj laLFkk,¡ ,oa le>kSrs
a ] vkbZ,e ,Q (IMF)
% MCY;wVhvks (WTO) ;w,ulhVh,Mh (UNCTAD) fo'o cSd
bdkbZµ12 % ifj;kstuk dk;Z
(ihfj;M 16)
lq>kokRed@O;k[;kRed ifj;kstuk,¡ % fuEu esa ls dksbZ ,d
(i)
dqN LFkkuh; O;kolkf;d bdkbZ¼;ks½a ls mu fofHkUu mís';ksa dk irk yxkuk ftuds fy, os O;olk; dj jgs
gSAa
(ii)
pkyw O;kolkf;d bdkb;ksa dh rFkk O;kolkf;d bdkb;ksa dh LFkkiuk lEcUèkh leL;k,¡A
(iii)
iz'ukofy;ksa ds ekè;e ls pkyw O;olk;ksa esa O;kolkf;d uSfrdrk lEcUèkh iwNrkNA
(iv)
LFkkuh; cSd
a 'kk[kk esa cSfa dax lsokvksa dk xq.koÙkk lEcUèkh los{Z k.kA
(v)
Mkd?kj o dksfj;j lsokvksa dk vè;;u
(vi)
,tsUlh lsokvks]a foKkiuks]a iSdfs tax] cpr ;kstukvksa essa fofu;ksx vkfn dh miyCèkrk ,oa mudk mi;ksxA
(vii)
fofHkUu cSd
a ksa }kjk tkjh fd, x, ØsfMV dkMZ dh yksdfiz;rk dk los{Z k.kA
(viii)
O;olk; dh izÑfr ,oa dk;Z'kSyh ij fVIi.kh djrs gq, ,d ,dy O;kikjhA lk>snkjh O;olk; dh :ijs[kk
dk vè;;uA
(ix)
la;Dq r fgUnw ifjokj O;olk; dk vè;;uA
(x)
,d lgdkjh laxBu dh dk;Zi.z kkyh dk vè;;uA
(xi)
foÙk ds òksrksa ds lEcUèk esa NksVh O;kolkf;d bdkb;ksa dk vè;;uA
(xii)
eky ds izdkj iwt
¡ h fofu;ksx foØ; vkorZ ds lanHkZ esa NksVs O;kikfj;ksa ¼tSls fo'ks"k LFkku ds Qsjhokys½ dh
eky dh izÑfr] iwt
¡ h fuos'k rFkk foØ; dk vè;;uA
(xiii)
vius lehi ds ,d lkIrkfgd cktkj dk vè;;uA
(xiv)
ÝsUpkbt QqVdj LVksj dk vè;;uA
188
(xv)
fdlh Hkh oLrq ds vk;kr@fu;kZr dh fofèk dk vè;;uA
(xvi)
O;olk; esa L=kh&m|fe;ksa dh leL;k,¡A
(xvii)
,d O;kolkf;d m|e }kjk dwM+&s dpjs ds fuiVku dk los{Z k.kA
(xviii)
iVjh O;kikj ¼cktkj½ dk vè;;uA
(xix)
lkoZtfud {ks=k dh cnyrh Hkwfedk ;k ikB~;Øe dk dksbZ vU; fo"k; ysdj dqN ys[k ,df=kr dhft, vkSj
muls ,d LØSi cqd rS;kj dhft,A
ifj;kstuk fjiksVZ ds fofHkUu Hkkxksa esa vadksa dk foHkktu mi;qDr :i ls fd;k tkuk pkfg,
1- mís';] 2- fofèk] 3- fu"d"kZ fu.kZ; ,oa lq>koA
izLrkfor ikB~;iqLrdsa
1- O;kolkf;d v/;;u] ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh- }kjk izdkf'kr
d{kk&XII
iz'u&i=k ,d
le; % 3 ?kaVs
vad % 100
bdkbZ vuqlkj vad Hkkj
bdkbZ
ihfj;M
va d
1- izcUèk dh izÑfr ,oa egRo
14
7
2- izcUèk ds fl)kUr
14
7
3- izc/a ku ,oa O;kolkf;d i;kZoj.k
10
5
4- fu;kstu
14
7
5- laxBu
16
10
6- fu;qfDrdj.k
16
8
7- funsZ'ku
22
10
8- fu;U=k.k
14
06
9- foÙkh; izcUèku
22
12
10- foÙkh; cktkj
20
08
11- foi.ku izcUèku
30
14
12- miHkksDrk laj{k.k
16
06
200
100
Hkkx ¼d½ % izcUèk ds fl)kUr vkSj dk;Z
Hkkx ¼[k½ % O;olk; foÙk ,oa foi.ku
dqy
189
Hkkx (d) % izcUèk ds fl¼kUr vkSj dk;Z
bdkbZµ1 % izcUèk dh izÑfr ,oa egRo
ihfj;M&14
izcUèk voèkkj.kk] mís';] egRo
izcUèk foKku] dyk ,oa is'ks ds :i esa
izcUèk ds Lrj
izcUèk ds dk;Z&fu;kstu] laxBu] fu;qfDrdj.k] funs'Z ku ,oa fu;U=k.kA
leUo; fo'ksrk,¡ ,oa egRo
bdkbZµ2 % izcUèk ds fl¼kUr
(ihfj;M&14)
izcUèk ds fl)kUr vo/kkj.kk] izÑfr ,oa egRo
Qs;ksy ds izcUèk ds fl)kUr
Vsyj dk oSKkfud izcUèk fl)kUr ,oa rduhdsa
bdkbZµ3 % izca/u ,oa O;kolkf;d i;kZoj.k
O;kolkf;d i;kZoj.k
(ihfj;M&10)
egRo
O;kolkf;d i;kZoj.k ds vk;ke vkfFkZd] lkekftd] rduhdh] jktuSfrd ,oa oSèkkfud
Hkkjr esa vkfFkZd i;kZoj.k] O;olk; ,oa m|ksx ij ljdkjh uhfr esa fo'ks"kdj mnkjhdj.k] futhdj.k ,oa
oS'ohdj.k lEcUèkh uhfr;ksa dks viukus ds lanHkZ esa ifjorZu dk izHkkoA
bdkbZµ4 % fu;kstu
(ihfj;M&14)
vo/kkj.kk fo'ks"krk,¡] egRo ,oa lhek,¡
fu;kstu izfØ;k
;kstukvksa ds izdkj mís';] O;wg&jpuk] uhfr] dk;Zfofèk i)fr] fu;e] ctV] dk;ZØeA
bdkbZµ5 % laxBu
(ihfj;M&16)
xq.k/kkj.kk ,oa egRo
laxBu izfØ;k ds pj.k
laxBu <k¡pk dk;kZRed <k¡pk ,oa izHkkxh; <k¡pk
vkSipkfjd ,oa vukSipkfjd laxBuA
vfèkdkj varj.k vo/kkj.kk rRo ,oa egRo
fodsUnzh;dj.k vo/kkj.kk ,oa egRo
bdkbZµ6 % fu;qfDrdj.k
(ihfj;M&16)
fu;qfDrdj.k dh vo/kkj.kk ,oa egRo
190
fu;qfDrdj.k ekuo lalkèku izcUèk ds ,d Hkkx ds :i esa
fu;qfDrdj.k izfØ;k
HkrhZ vFkZ ,oa òksr
p;u vFkZ ,oa izfØ;k
izf'k{k.k ,oa fodkl vo/kkj.kk ,oa egRo, izf'k{k.k ds izdkjA
bdkbZµ7 % funs'ku
(ihfj;M&22)
vFkZ ,oa egRo ,oa fl)kUr
funs'ku ds rRo
i;Zo{s k.k vo/kkj.kk ,oa Hkwfedk
vfHkizjs .k vo/kkj.kk ,oa egRo] ekLyks dh vko';drkvksa dh lksikfed Ük`[a kykA
foÙkh; ,oa xSj&foÙkh; vfHkizjs d
usrR` o vo/kkj.kk egRo] ,d vPNs usrk ds xq.kA
lEiz"s k.k vo/kkj.kk ,oa egRo] vkSipkfjd ,oa vukSipkfjd lEiz"s k.k] izHkkoiw.kZ lEiz"s k.k esa vojksèkd ;k
O;koèkkuA
bdkbZµ8 % fu;U=k.k
(ihfj;M&14)
vo/kkj.kk ,oa egRo
fu;kstu ,oa fu;U=k.k esa lEcUèk
fu;U=k.k dh izfØ;k esa pj.k
fu;U=k.k dh rduhdsa % ctVh; fu;U=k.kA
Hkkx ([k) % O;olk;] foÙk ,oa foi.ku
bdkbZµ9 % foÙkh; izcUèk
(ihfj;M&22)
foÙkh; izcUèk dh vo/kkj.kk] Hkwfedk ,oa mís';
foÙkh; fu;kstu vo/kkj.kk ,oa egRo
iwt
¡ h lajpuk vo/kkj.kk ,oa ?kVd
LFkk;h ,oa dk;Z'khy iwt
¡ h vo/kkj.kk ,oa budh vko';drkvksa dks izHkkfor djus okys ?kVdA
bdkbZ 10 % foÙkh; cktkj
(ihfj;M&20)
foÙkh; cktkj dh voèkkj.kk % eqnkz cktkj ,oa blds izy[s kA
iw¡th cktkj ,oa blds izdkj izkFkfed ,oa f}rh;d cktkj
LVkWd ,Dlpst
a % vo/kkj.kk] dk;Z ,oa jk"Vªh; LVkWd ,Dlpst
a vkWQ bafM;k ,oa vksoj n dkmUVj ,Dlpst
a
vkWQ bafM;k] O;kikfjd fØ;kfofèkA
Hkkjrh; izfrHkwfr rFkk fofue; cksMZ ¼lsch½ % mís'; ,oa dk;ZA
191
bdkbZµ11 % foi.ku izcUèk
(ihfj;M&30)
foi.ku % vFkZ] dk;Z] Hkwfedk] foi.ku ,oa foØ;] foi.ku izcUèk dh ekU;rk ;k èkkj.kk] foi.ku feJ&rRo
mRikn % izÑfr] oxhZdj.k ekdkZ ¼czkfUMax½] yscfyax ,oa iSdfs taxA
ewY; % ewY; ds y{k.kksa dks fuèkkZfjr djus okys ?kVdA
HkkSfrd forj.k rRo] forj.k Ük`[a kyk&izdkj dk;Z] forj.k Ük`[a kyk dk p;uA
izorZu izorZu feJ ds rRo] foKkiu Hkwfedk] lhek,¡] mís';] foKkiu ds fojksèk esa rdZ] O;fDrxr
foØ; vo/kkj.kk] egRoA foØ; izorZu ykHk] lhek,¡] fofèk;k¡] izpkj&vo/kkj.kk ,oa HkwfedkA
bdkbZµ12 % miHkksDrk laj{k.k
(ihfj;M&10)
miHkksDrk laj{k.k dk egRo
miHkksDrk vfèkdkj
miHkksDrk ds nkf;Ro
miHkksDrk laj{k.k dh fofèk;k¡ ,oa lkèku&miHkksDrk tkx:drk ,oa miHkksDrk laj{k.k vfèkfu;e ds fo'ks"k lanHkZ
esa dkuwuh ifj"knsAa
miHkksDrk laxBuksa rFkk xSj ljdkjh laxBuksa dh HkwfedkA
192
19- ys[kk'kkL=k (dksM la[;k 055)
rdkZèkkj
izFke nl o"kks± dh fo|ky;h f'k{kk ds mijkar +2 ds mPprj ekè;fed f'k{kk Lrj ij vkSipkfjd
okf.kT; f'k{kk ds :i esa ys[kk'kkL=k fo"k; dks lekfo"V fd;k x;kA rhoz xfr ls ifjofrZr vkfFkZd ifjn`';
rFkk O;kolkf;d i;kZoj.k ds fujarj ifjofrZr izokg esa izkjfEHkd O;kolkf;d f'k{kk vkSj O;olk; dh
Hkk"kk rFkk foÙkh; lwpuk ds òksr ds :i esa ys[kk'kkL=k us mPpLrj ekè;fed Lrj ij viuk i`Fkd~ LFkku
cuk fy;k gSA bldk ikB~;Øe rFkk fo"k;&oLrq fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks vkèkkjHkwr ys[kkdau fl)kUrksa rFkk
dk;Z&iz.kkyh dk Bksl vkèkkj iznku djrs gSa rFkk mUgsa ys[kkadu ekudksa ds fodkl o dEI;wVj ds mi;ksx
dks è;ku esa j[krs gq, ys[kkadu lwpukvksa ds izLrqrhdj.k rFkk fo'ys"k.k dh tkudkjh Hkh nsrs gSaA
bl i`"BHkwfe ds foijhr] ys[kk'kkL=k dk ikB~;Øe vk/kkjHkwr lw>cw> ds fodkl] ys[kkadu lwpuk dh
izÑfr] mís'; ,oa O;olk; lapkyu esa blds mi;ksx dh le> fodflr djus ij cy nsrk gSA blls
fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks rdZiw.kZ foospu] lrdZ fo'ys"k.k rFkk foosdiw.kZ fu"d"kZ fudkyus dh ;ksX;rk ds fodkl
esa lgk;rk feyrh gSA
,d lwpuk ra=k ds :i esa ys[kkadu foÙkh; lwpuk,¡ iznku djus esa lgk;rk djrh gSA d{kk XI ds
Lrj ij cqfu;knh ladYiukvksa o ys[kkadu izfØ;k esa ,dkdh O;kikj ds [kkrksa dks rS;kj djus ij cy
fn;k tkrk gSA vkt ds ;qx esa ¼dEI;wVj½ ys[kkadu f'k{kk dk fnu&izfrfnu pyu c<+rk tk jgk gS] D;ksfa d
O;kolkf;d txr~ esa bldh tkudkjh vfr vko';d gSA blh dks è;ku esa j[krs gq, fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds fy,
dEI;wVj dk vkèkkjHkwr Kku izkIr djuk ,oa bldk mi;ksx djuk d{kk XI esa vfuok;Z cuk fn;k x;k gSA
d{kk XII eas vykHkdkjh laxBuksa] lk>snkjh Qeks± rFkk dEifu;ksa ds ys[kkadu dk vè;;u vfuok;Z
cuk;k x;k gSA blds vfrfjDr fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks dEI;wVjkbT+M ys[kkadu o foÙkh; fooj.kksa ds fo'ys"k.k
dk vè;;u] ,sfPNd :i ls i<+us dk lqvolj Hkh izkIr gksxkA
mís';
fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks ,d lwpuk ra=k ds :i esa ys[kkadu ls ifjfpr djkukA
fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks ys[kkadu rFkk ys[kkadu ekudksa dh vkèkkjHkwr ladYiukvksa dh tkudkjh nsuk]
O;kolkf;d ysunsuksa ds ys[kkadu izfØ;k esa ys[kk lehdj.k ds mi;ksx dk dkS'ky fodflr djuk]
O;kolkf;d ysunsuksa ds vfHkys[ku rFkk foÙkh; fooj.kksa dks rS;kj djus dh le> fodflr djuk]
lk>snkjh Qeks± ds iquxZBu lEcUèkh ys[kkadu ls fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks voxr djkukA
fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks foÙkh; fooj.kksa dks le>us rFkk muds fo'ys"k.k ls voxr djkuk rFkk
fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks daI;wVjkbT+M ys[kkadu i)fr ds ewy rRoksas ls voxr djkukA
193
ikB~;Øe dh :ijs[kk
d{kk XI
iz'u&i=k 1
le; % 3 ?kaVs
vad % 100
bdkb;k¡
Hkkx ¼v½ % foÙkh; ys[kkadu
I
1- ys[kkadu ,d ifjp;
14
7
2- ys[kkadu ds lS)kfUrd vkèkkj
14
7
3- O;kolkf;d ysunsuksa dk vfHkys[ku
26
16
4- ryiV ,oa v'kqf);ksa dk 'kksèku
22
08
5- Ðkl] izkoèkku vkSj lap;
22
12
6- fofue; foi=k ysunsuksa dk ys[kkadu
22
10
120
60
7- foÙkh; fooj.k
35
22
8- viw.kZ vfHkys[kksa ds [kkrs
15
8
9- ys[kkadu esa dEI;wVj
18
6
10- ys[kkadu rFkk MkVkcsl ra=k
18
4
86
40
Hkkx c % foÙkh; ys[kkadu
II
dqy
Hkkx (v) % foÙkh; ys[kkadu&I
(120 ihfj;M)
bdkbZ&1 % ys[kkadu ,d ifjp;
ys[kkadu vFkZ] mís';] ys[kkadu lwpuk ds òksr ds :i es]a ys[kkadu lwpuk ds vkarfjd rFkk cká mi;ksxdÙkkZ
rFkk mudh vko';drk,¡A
ys[kkadu lwpukvksa dh xq.kkRed fo'ks"krk,¡ fo'oluh;rk] izklafxdrk] cksèkxE;rk rFkk rqyukRedrk
ys[kkadu ds vkèkkjHkwr ifjHkkf"kd 'kCn lEifÙk] nkf;Ro] iwt
¡ h] O;;] vk;] nh?kZdkyhu O;;] vkxe] nsunkj] ysunkj]
eky] ykxr] jgfr;k] LVkWd] Ø;] foØ;] ykHk] gkfu] vfHko`f) izek.kd] cêk] ysunsu] vkgj.kA
bdkbZ&2 % ys[kkadu ds lS¼kafrd vkèkkj
(ihfj;M&14)
ys[kkadu ds fl)kUr vFkZ ,oa izÑfr
ys[kkadu ladYiuk bdkbZ ladYiuk] eqnkz ekiu] lrr O;kikj] ys[kkadu vofèk] ykxr ladYiuk] f}&i{kh;
ladYiuk] vkxe ekU;rk] vkxe O;; feyku] mip; (Accrual) iw.kZ izLrqrhdj.k] leuq:irk] :f<+okfnrk]
oLrqfu"BrkA
ys[kkadu ekud&ladYiukA
194
ys[kkadu dh izfØ;k O;kolkf;d ysunsuksa ds vfHkys[ku ls ryiV rS;kj djus rd
ys[kkadu ds vkèkkj jksdM+ vkèkkj] miktZu vkèkkj
bdkbZ&3 % O;kolkf;d ysunsuksa dk vfHkys[ku
(ihfj;M 26)
izek.kd rFkk ysunsu] ysunsuksa dk mn~xe] òksr izy[s k rFkk izek.kd] ys[kkadu izek.kd rS;kj djuk] ys[kkadu
lehdj.k ys[kkadu lehdj.k esa iz;Dq r ysunsuksa dk vFkZ rFkk fo'ys"k.k] uke rFkk tek ¼MsfcV o ØsfMV½
ds fu;e]
ysunsuksa dk vfHkys[ku izkjfEHkd izfof"V dh iqLrdsa jkstukepk fof'k"V mís'; okyh iqLrdsa % 1- jksdM+ cgh ,d
LrEHkh; jksdM+cgh] f}&LrEHkh; ;k cSd
a [kkus okyh jksdM+cgh rFkk [kqnjk jksdM+cghA
(ii)
Ø; cgh] foØ; cgh] Ø; okilh cgh] foØ; okilh cghA
[kkrkcgh vFkZ] mi;ksx] izk:i] jkstukepk rFkk lgk;d iqLrdksa ls [kkrkcgh essa [krkSuh] [kkrksa dk lary
q uA
cSd
a lekèkku fooj.k vFkZ] vko';drk rFkk cSd
a lekèkku fooj.k rS;kj djuk] la'kksfèkr jksdM+cgh dk lary
q uA
bdkbZ&4 % ryiV rFkk v'kqf¼;ksa dk 'kksèku
(ihfj;M&22)
ryiV dk vFkZ] mís'; rFkk ryiV rS;kj djukA
v'kqf);k¡ v'kqf);ksa ds izdkj] yksi v'kqf);k¡] ys[k v'kqf);k¡] lS)kfUrd v'kqf);k¡ rFkk {kfriwjd v'kqf);k¡A
ryiV dks izHkkfor djus okyh v'kqf);k¡] ryiV dks izHkkfor u djus okyh v'okqf);k¡A
v'kqf);ksa dks Kkr djuk rFkk ,d&i{kh; rFkk f}&i{kh; v'kqf);ksa dk la'kksèku] mparh [kkrs dk mi;ksxA
bdkbZ&5 % âkl] izkoèkku vkSj lap;
(ihfj;M&22)
Ðkl vFkZ rFkk Ðkl yxkus dh vko';drk] Ðkl dh jkf'k dks izHkkfor djus okys ?kVd] Ðkl dh jkf'k dh
x.kuk djus dh fofèk;k¡ ljy js[kk fofèk] Øekxr Ðkl fofèk ¼fofèk esa ifjorZu dks NksMd
+ j½ Ðkl vfHkys[ku
dh i)fr;k¡ ifjlEifÙk [kkrs ij Ðkl dk yxk;k tkuk] Ðkl@lafpr Ðkl ds fy, izko/kku [kkrk cukuk] lEifÙk;ksa
ds fuiVku dk O;ogkj
izko/kku rFkk lap; vFkZ] egRo] izko/kku rFkk lap; esa vUrj] lap; ds izdkj % vkxe lap;] iwt
¡ hxr lap;]
lkekU; lap;] fof'k"V lap; rFkk xqIr lap;A
bdkbZ&6 % fofue; foi=k ds ysunsuksa dk ys[kkadu
ihfj;M&22
fofue;&foi=k rFkk izfrKk i=k&ifjHkk"kk] y{k.k] i{k] uewuk rFkk vUrHksnZ A
egRoiw.kZ ensa % fofue; foi=k dh vofèk] lgk;rkFkZ fofue;&foi=k] NwV ds fnu] ifjiDork frfFkA
n'kZuh; fofue; foi=k] ijØe.k] cspku] fofue;&foi=k dks cês ij Hkqukuk] foi=k dks frjLÑr] okilh rFkk
uohuhdj.k djukA
O;kikfjd rFkk lgk;rkFkZ fofue;&foi=kksa dk ys[kkadu O;ogkj
lgk;rkFkZ fcy % vo/kkj.kk rFkk mudk ys[kkadu O;ogkj
195
Hkkx&(c) % foÙkh; ys[kkadu
(ihfj;M)
II
bdkbZ&7 % foÙkh; fooj.k
(44 ihfj;M)
foÙkh; fooj.k&vFkZ rFkk mi;ksxdÙkkZA
iwt
¡ hxr O;;] vkxe.k O;; rFkk vkLFkfxr vkxe O;;
O;kikj rFkk ykHk ,oa gkfu [kkrk % ldy ykHk] izpkyu ykHk rFkk 'kq)ykHkA
rqyui=k&vko';drk] ifjlEifÙk;ksa rFkk nkf;Roksa dk lewghdj.k ,oa Øec)hdj.k foÙkh; fooj.kksa dk 'kh"kZ
,oa {kSfrt izLrqrhdj.kA
,dkdh O;kikj dk O;kikj [kkrk] ykHk rFkk gkfu [kkrk ,oa rqyui=k rS;kj djukA
foÙkh; fooj.k rS;kj djrs le; lek;kstu&vfUre LVkd] vnÙk cdk;k O;;] iwoZnÙk O;;] mikftZr vk;]
vfxze izkIr vk;] âkl rFkk Mwcr _.k] lafnX/k _.kksa ds fy, izko/kku] nsunkjksa ij cês dk izko/kku]
izo/kd deh'kuA
bdkbZ&8 % viw.kZ vfHkys[kksa ds [kkrs
(6 ihfj;M)
viw.kZ vfHkys[kksa dk vFkZ] mi;ksx rFkk lhek;sAa voLFkk fooj.k fof/k ls ykHk@gkfu dh x.kuk djuk mudk
ifjorZu (Conversion)A
bdkbZ&9 % ys[kkadu esa dEI;wVj
ihfj;M&18
dEI;wVj rFkk ys[kkadu lwpuk iz.kkyh dk ifjp;A
ys[kkadu esa dEI;wVj dk vuqiz;ksxA
ys[kkadu izfØ;k dk Lopyu] ys[kkadu izfrosnu dk izk:i] izoèku lwpuk iz.kkyh] ¼,evkbZ,l½ fjiksfV±x]
vU; lwpuk i)fr;ksa ls MkVk dk vknku&iznkuA
ekuoh; o dEI;wVjhÑr ys[kkadu izfØ;k ds eè; rqyuk] Lopyu ds xq.k rFkk lhekvksa ij izdk'kA
ys[kkadu i)fr;ksa ds òksr % iz;ksx ds fy, rS;kj ¼jsMhesM½] miHkksDrk vuq:i rFkk mi;qDr ¼lkW¶Vos;j½]
izR;sd fodYi ds xq.k ,oa nks"kA
bdkbZ&10 % ys[kkadu rFkk MkVkcsl fofèk
(ihfj;M 18)
ys[kkadu rFkk MkVkcsl izcUèk i)fr
lRo&lEcUèk ekWMy lRo rFkk mudk ys[kkadu i)fr esa lEcUèk] lkèkkj.k foojf.kdk dk fuekZ.k] izk:i] iz'u
rFkk ys[kkadu ra=k ds lEcUèk esa izfrosnuA
izLrkfor ikB~;iqLrdsa
1- ys[kk'kkL=k Hkkx&I. ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh- }kjk izdkf'kr
2- ys[kk'kkL=k Hkkx&II. ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh- }kjk izdkf'kr
196
ikB~;Øe dh :ijs[kk
d{kk XII
iz'u&i=k 1
le; % 3 ?kaVs
vad % 80
bdkb;k¡
Hkkx ¼v½
vykHkdkjh laLFkkuksa] lk>snkjh QeZ rFkk dEifu;ksa ds fy, ys[kkadu
1- vykHkdkjh laxBuksa ds fy, ys[kkadu
22
10
2- lk>snkjh Qeks± ds fy, ys[kkadu
14
5
3- lk>snkjh dk iquxZBu
34
20
4- va'k iwt
¡ h rFkk _.ki=kksa ds fy, ys[kkadu
54
25
Hkkx ¼c½ % foÙkh; fooj.k fo'ys"k.k
124
60
5- foÙkh; fooj.kksa dk fo'ys"k.k
33
12
6- jksdM+ izokg fooj.k
33
8
7- ifj;kstuk dk;Z
18
20
(i)
ifj;kstuk Qkby
4 vad
(ii)
fyf[kr ijh{kk
12 vad
(iii)
ekSf[kd ijh{kk
4 vad
84
40
ihfj;M
va d
5- dEI;wVjkbT+M ys[kkadu i)fr dk voyksdu
12
5
6- MkVk csl izcUèku fofèk ¼Mh-ch-,e-,l-½ dk ys[kkadu esa mi;ksx
26
8
7- bySDVªkfs ud LizMS 'khV dk ys[kkadu iz;ksx
24
7
8- vfHkdfy=k ys[kkadu esa iz;ksxkRed dk;Z
22
20
84
40
dqy
vFkok
Hkkx ^l* % dEI;wVjkbT+M ys[kkadu
(i)
ifj;kstuk lafpdk
4 vad
(ii)
iz;ksxkRed ijh{kk
12 vad
(iii)
ekSf[kd ijh{kk
4 vad
dqy
197
d{kk
XII
Hkkx ^v* % vykHkdkjh laxBuksa] lk>snkjh iQeZ rFkk dEifu;ksa ds fy, ys[kkadu (ihfj;M&124)
bdkbZ&1 % vykHkdkjh laxBuksa ds fy, ys[kkadu
(ihfj;M 32)
vykHkdkjh laxBuksa dk vFkZ rFkk y{k.k]
dks"k vkèkkfjr ys[kkadu dk vFkZ rFkk y{k.k]
izkfIr ,oa Hkqxrku [kkrk]
izkfIr ,oa Hkqxrku [kkrs rFkk vfrfjDr lwpuk ds vkèkkj ij vk;&O;; [kkrk rFkk rqyu&i=k rS;kj djukA
bdkbZ&2 % lk>snkjh iQeks± ds fy, ys[kkadu
(ihfj;M&14)
lk>snkjh QeZ dh izÑfr] lk>snkjh foys[k&vFkZ] egRoA
lk>snkjksa ds iwt
¡ h [kkrs] LFkkbZ cuke vLFkkbZ iwt
¡ h] lk>snkjksa esa ykHk foHkktu] ykHk rFkk gkfu fofu;kstu [kkrk]
Hkwrdkyhu lek;kstuksa lfgrA
bdkbZ&3 % lk>snkjh dk iquxZBu
(ihfj;M&34)
fo|eku lk>snkjksa ds ykHk foHkktu vuqikr esa ifjorZu R;kx vuqikr rFkk vfèkykHk vuqikrA
lEifÙk;ksa vkSj nsunkfj;ksa ds iquewYZ ;kadu ds fy, ys[kkadu] lap;] vfoHkkftr ykHkksa dk forj.kA
[;kfr % izÑfr] [;kfr dks izHkkfor djus okys ?kVd] [;kfr ds ewY;kadu dh fofèk;k¡ vkSlr ykHk fofèk] vfèkykHk
¼lqij&izkfs QV½ fofèk rFkk iwt
¡ hdj.k fofèkA
lk>snkj dk izos'k % lk>snkj ds izos'k dk izHkko] ykHk foHkktu vuqikr esa ifjorZu] [;kfr dk ys[kkadu
O;ogkj ¼ys[kkadu ekud la[;k 10 ds vuqlkj½] lEifÙk;ksa ,oa nsunkfj;ksa dk iquewZY;kadu rFkk iw¡th dk
lek;kstuA
lk>snkj dk vodk'k xzg.k e`R;q@ykHk&foHkktu vuqikr esa ifjorZu] [;kfr ds O;ogkj ds fy, ys[kkadu] lEifÙk;ksa
,oa nsunkfj;ksa dk iqueZYw ;kadu rFkk iwt
¡ h dk lek;kstuA
lk>snkjh QeZ dk lekiuA xkuZj ,oa ejsZ rFkk ihlehy flLVe lfEefyr ugha gSA
bdkbZ&4 % va'k iw¡th rFkk Í.ki=kksa ds fy, ys[kkadu
(ihfj;M 54)
va'k iwt
¡ h vFkZ rFkk izdkjA
va'k iwt
¡ h ds fy, ys[kkadu lerk rFkk vfèkeku va'kksa dk fuxZeu ,oa vkcaVu] va'kksa dk lkoZtfud va'knku]
vfèk&vfHknku rFkk vYi vfHknku] va'kksa dk leewY; ij vfèkewY; ij rFkk cês ij fuxZeu] vfxze ek¡x] cdk;k
ek¡x] jksdM+ ds vfrfjDr] vU; izfrQy Lo:i va'kksa dk fuxZeuA va'kksa dh futh rkSj ij LFkkiu dk vFkZ]
deZpkjh LVkWd fodYi ;kstuk dk vFkZA
va'kksa dk gj.k ys[kkadu O;ogkj] gj.k fd;s gq, va'kksa dk iqufuZxeZ uA
dEiuh ds rqyu&i=k esa va'k&iwt
¡ h dk izn'kZuA
_.k&i=kksa dk leewY; ij] vfèkewY; ij rFkk cês ij fuxZeu] _.ki=kksa ds fuxZeu ij gkfu] cêk [kkrk dk
198
viys[ku] jksdM+ ds vfrfjDr vU; fdlh izfrQy Lo:i _.ki=kksa dk fuxZeu] izfrHkwfr ds :i esa _.ki=kksa
dk fuxZeuA
_.ki=kksa dk 'kksèku] òksr&ykHk esa ls 'kksèku _.ki=k 'kksèku lap;@iwath ls 'kks/ku % ,d eq'r Hkqxrku] ykVjh
¼Mªk½] [kqys cktkj esa Ø; ¼C;kt ds lkFk ;k fcuk C;kt dh voèkkj.kk dks NksM+dj½ rFkk ifjorZu }kjk
'kksèkuA
Hkkx ^c* % foÙkh; fooj.k fo'ys"k.k
bdkbZ&5 % foÙkh; fooj.kksa dk fo'ys"k.k %µ
(ihfj;M 33)
dEiuh ds foÙkh; fooj.k] dEiuh dk dsoy eq[; 'kh"kZdksa ds lkFk fuèkkZfjr izk:i esa lkèkkj.k rqyu i=k rS;kj
djukA
foÙkh; fooj.kksa dk fo'ys"k.k vFkZ] egRo] lhek,¡A
foÙkh; fooj.kksa ds fo'ys"k.k ds lkèku % rqyukRed fooj.k] le:i foÙkh; fooj.k ¼dkWeu lkbt+ LVsVesUV~l½
ys[kkadu vuqikr vFkZ] mís'; rFkk vuqikrksa ds izdkj %
rjyrk nzork vuqikr pkyw vuqikr] rjyrk nzork vuqikrA
_.k&'kksèku {kerk vuqikr % _.k&lerk vuqikr] _.k gsrq dqy lEifÙk vuqikr] LokfeRo vuqikrA
fØ;k'khyrk@vkorZ vuqikr % LdUèk ¼LVkWd½ vkorZ vuqikr] nsunkj vkorZ vuqikr] ysunkj vkorZ vuqikr]
dk;Z'khy&iwt
¡ h] foØ; vuqikr] fLFkj lEifÙk;k¡ foØ; vuqikrA
ykHkiznrk vuqikr ldy ykHk vuqikr] izpkyu vuqikr] 'kq)@fuoy ykHk vuqikr] fuos'k ij izR;k; ¼ykHk½]
izfr va'k vtZu] izfr va'k ykHkka'k] ewY; vtZu vuqikrA
bdkbZ 6 % jksdM+ izokg fooj.k
jksdM+ izokg fooj.k vFkZ rFkk mís';] jksdM+ izokg fooj.k rS;kj djuk] Ðkl] ykHkka'k rFkk dj ls lEcfUèkr
lek;kstu] LFkkbZ lEifÙk;ksa dk Ø; foØ; ¼Hkkjrh; ykxr ys[kk laLFkku ds vuqlkj la'kksfèkr ekud½
bdkbZ&7 % ys[kkadu esa ifj;kstuk dk;Z %µ
(ihfj;M 18)
¼Ñi;k dsUnzh; ekè;fed f'k{kk cksMZ }kjk izdkf'kr ekxZn'kZu iqfLrdk dk vuqlj.k djs½a
vFkok
Hkkx ^l* dEI;wVjkbT+M ys[kkadu
bdkbZ&5 % dEI;wVjkbT+M ys[kkadu i¼frµ,d n`f"V %µ
(ihfj;M 12)
dEI;wVjkbT+M ys[kkadu i)fr dh voèkkj.kk rFkk izdkj
dEI;wVjkbT+M ys[kkadu i)fr ds y{k.k
dEI;wVjkbT+M ys[kkadu i)fr dh lajpuk
bdkbZ&6 % MkVkcsl izcUèku fofèk (Mh-oh-,se-,l-) dk ys[kkadu esa mi;ksx %µ
199
(ihfj;M 26)
Mh-ch-,e-,l dh voèkkj.kk
Mh-ch-,e-,l ds rRo % lkj.kh] DoSjht] izk:i rFkk fjiksVl
Z A
ys[kkadu ds fy, MkVk lkfj.kh rS;kj djukA
ys[kkadu lwpukvksa ds vH;qn; ds fy, DoSjht+] izk:i rFkk fjiksV~Z dk mi;ksx %
va'kèkkfj;ksa dk ys[kk&tks[kk] fcØh dk ys[kk&tks[kk] xzkgdksa dh :ijs[kk] vkiwfrZdrkZvksa dh :ijs[kk] osru dk
fglkc] deZpkjh la[;k] y?kq jksdM+ jftLVj dh ys[kkadu lwpuk ds vH;qn; esa Mh-ch-,e-,l dk mi;ksxA
bdkbZ&7 % bySDVªkWfud LizSM'khV dk ys[kkadu iz;ksx %µ
(ihfj;M&24)
bySDVªkfW ud LizMS 'khV dh voèkkj.kk
bySDVªkfW ud LizMS 'khV }kjk izLrqr y{k.k
ys[kkadu lwpukvksa ds vH;qn;] Ðkl vuqlp
w h rS;kj djus] _.k okilh vuqlp
w h] osru rkfydk dk ys[kkadu
rFkk blh rjg ds mi;ksxksa esa bySDVªkfW ud LizMS 'khV dk mi;ksxA
bdkbZ&8 % dEI;wVjkbT+M ys[kkadu esa iz;ksxkRed dk;Z %µ
Ñi;k dsUnzh; ek/;fed f'k{kk cksMZ }kjk izdkf'kr ekxZn'kZu iqfLrdk dk voyksdu djsAa ½
200
(ihfj;M&22)
20- m|ferk (dksM la[;k 066)
rdkZèkkj
fo|ky; ikB~;Øe dk fodkl ,d xfr'khy izfØ;k gS tks u dsoy lekt dks izR;qÙkj nsrk gS] vfirq
vè;;udrkZvksa dh vko';drkvksa rFkk egRokdka{kkvksa dks Hkh izfrfcfEcr djrk gSA rhoz xfr ls cnyrs
gq, lekt esa] fo'ks"k :i ls cnyrs gq, lkekftd&vkfFkZd i;kZoj.k dh izklafxdrk dks LFkkfir djus
ds fy,] voljksa dh leku Hkkxhnkjh dks vk'oLr djus ds fy, vkSj var esa mRÑ"Vrk dks c<+kok nsus
ds fy, ikB~;Øe esa ifjorZu okaNuh; gSA bl lanHkZ esa m|ferk dk ikB~;Øe mRÑ"Vrk ds fy, ekuoh;
Hkkouk }kjk O;fDrxr xq.kksa dks fodflr djus rFkk mUgsa mi;ksx esa ykus ds y{; fuèkkZfjr djrk gS
rkfd lkekftd mRFkku gks vkSj izR;sd O;fDr ,d lq[ke; thou O;rhr dj ldsA
mís';
m|eh; Hkkouk tkx`r djuk rFkk thou ds gj dne ij m|eh cuukA
thou ;kiu ds fy, ekuo lalkèkuksa ds fofHkUu mi;ksxksa }kjk vk; ds mÙke lkèkuksa ls lqifjfpr gksukA
m|ferk dh voèkkj.kk rFkk izfØ;k dks le>uk O;fDr rFkk jk"Vª dh o`f) rFkk fodkl esa bldk lg;ksx
o HkwfedkA
m|eh; xq.k] {kerk ,oa vfHkizjs .kk tkx`r djukA
m|eh; miØe ds l`tu rFkk izcUèku dh izfØ;k rFkk dkS'ky dk vè;;u djukA
201
ikB~;Øe dh :ijs[kk
d{kk
XI
dqy vad % 70
fl)kUr
bdkbZ&1 % m|ferk rFkk ekuo xfrfofèk;k¡
30 va d
¼d½ m|ferk
voèkkj.kk] dk;Z rFkk vko';drk
m|ferk fo'ks"krk,¡ rFkk n{krkA
lkekftd&vkfFkZd ykHk ds fy, m|ferk dh izklafxdrk % jk"Vªh; lEink esa o`f)] Lojkstxkj ds voljksa
dk l`tu] cgqr NksVs rFkk eè;e vkdkj okys m|e] ekuoh; rFkk izkÑfrd lalkèkuksa dk vuqdwyre
mi;ksx rFkk le`f) ds ekxZ esa vkus okyh leL;kvksa dk lekèkku] m|eh O;fDrRo rFkk lekt dk
fuekZ.kA
m|ferk fodkl dh izfØ;kA
¼[k½ m|ferk y{; rFkk ekuoh; fØ;k,¡
izÑfr] mís'; rFkk ekuoh; fØ;kvksa dk <k¡pk] uoizorZu ds fy, vkfFkZd ,oa vukfFkZd vko';drk,¡A
m|ferk y{; rFkk ekuoh; fØ;kvksa dk lEcUèk rFkk rdkZèkkjA
bdkbZ&II % m|eh; ewY; izkIr djuk rFkk vfHkizsj.k
30 vad
m|eh; ewY;] vfHko`fÙk rFkk vfHkizjs .k vFkZ o voèkkj.kkA
m|eh; vfHkizsj.k rFkk {kerk fodflr djuk] vfHkizsj.kk miyfCèk dh voèkkj.kk rFkk izfØ;k]
vkRe&{kerk] l`tukRedrk] tksf[ke mBkuk] usr`Ro] lEizs"k.k rFkk izHkkfor djus dh ;ksX;rk ,oa fu;kstu
fØ;kA
m|ferk esa vojksèkA
m|fe;ksa dks lgk;rk ,oa izkRs lkguA
bdkbZ&III % cktkj xfrfoKku ls ifjp;
cktkj dh le>
cktkj dk izfr;ksxh fo'ys"k.k
,dLo ¼isVUs V½] O;kikj fpUg ¼VªMs ekdZ½ rFkk LoRokfèkdkj ¼dkWihjkbV½
iz;ksxkRed
(i)
30 vad
fo|kFkhZ viuh bPNkuqlkj fdlh Hkh m|e dk vè;;u djsxa As ,d vuqlp
w h@iz'ukoyh dh lgk;rk ls m|eh
dh i`"BHkwfe] m|eh; thou pquus dk dkj.k] m|e dk izkjEHk m|e dk izdkj] bl m|e dks LFkkfir djus
dh izfØ;k] mRikn@lsok,¡] mRiknu izfØ;k] fofu;ksftr iwt
¡ h rFkk vuqlj.k dh tkus okyh foi.ku izFkk,¡] ykHk
202
;k gkfu] mUufr ,oa fodkl] ftu leL;kvksa dk lkeuk fd;k] laLFkk,¡@laxBu ftUgksua s izkRs lkgu fn;k rFkk
m|eh dk Lrj ,oa larfq "V vkfn lwpukvksa dk voyksdu djsxa As
(ii)
vius vè;;u fujh{k.k ds nkSjku fd, x, voyksdu ds vkèkkj ij ,d m|e dh laf{kIr fjiksVZ rS;kj
djsaxsA
ikB~;Øe dh :ijs[kk
d{kk XII
dqy vad % 70
fl)kUr
bdkbZ&1 % m|eh; lqvolj ,oa m|e dk l`tu
20 vad
m|eh; lqvoljksa dh vuqHkwfr
i;kZoj.k ijh{k.k
cktkj ewY;kadu
m|eh; lqvoljksa dh igpku
,d m|e dk p;u
,d m|e dh LFkkiuk ds pj.k
bdkbZ&II % m|e fu;kstu ,oa lalkèkuksa dk ,d=khdj.k
20 vad
O;olk; fu;kstu ,d ifj;kstuk fjiksVZ rS;kj djukA
lalkèkuksa dk ewY;kadu&foÙkh; ,oa xSjfoÙkh;
LFkkbZ rFkk pkyw iwt
¡ h dh vko';drk dk fuèkkZj.k] dks"k] mudk izokg] ykHk&vuqikr] le&foPNsn fcUnq dk fo'ys"k.k
vkfnA
lalkèkuksa dks xfr'khy cukuk dks"k dk vFkZ ,oa òksr] ,d m|e dks izkjEHk djus dh lqfoèkk,¡ ,oa rduhdsAa
eky rFkk lsokvksa dk laxBu@mRiknu&xq.k] ek=kk rFkk vkxrksa dk izokgA
bdkbZ&III % m|e izcUèk
30 vad
lkekU; izcUèk % vkèkkjHkwr izcUèku dk;Z
eky rFkk lsokvksa dk laxBu@mRiknu&xq.k] ek=kk rFkk vkxrksa dk izokgA
cktkj izcUèku %
vFkZ] foi.ku ds dk;Z] foi.ku feJA
mRikn
ewY;
LFkku
izorZu@laoèkZu ¼foKkiu rFkk foØ; laoèkZu½
203
foÙk izcUèku foÙk ds nh?kZdkyhu rFkk vYidkyhu òksr]
ykxr fuèkkZj.k] vk; fuèkkZj.k] ykHk@gkfu dh x.kukA
laof` ) rFkk mls cuk, j[kus lEcUèkh izcUèku % ifjorZu mUeq[krk] vkèkqfudhdj.k] foLrkj] fofoèkhdj.k rFkk
izfrLFkkiuA
m|eh; vuq'kklu Hkwfe lEcUèkh fu;e] ikfjfLFkfrdh] miHkksDrk voèkkj.kk] le>kSrksa rFkk fo'okl esa
fu"BkA
iz;ksxkRed
izLrkouk % m|ferk fo"k; dk ize[q k mís'; fo|kfFkZ;ksa esa igy] vkRefuHkZjrk rFkk mRlkg esa o`f) djuk
gSA rkfd os lgh vFkks± esa HkkoukRed rFkk fu"iknu nksuksa {ks=kksa esa lkeF;Zoku m|eh izekf.kr gks ldsAa lkFk gh
cgqr ls dkS'kyksa tSls voyksdu] ewY;kadu] lEiz"s k.k] lalkèkuksa dks xfr'khy cukuk rFkk mudk izcUèk djuk] tksf[ke
dk ewY;kadu] lg;ksx&Hkkouk vkfn Hkh Nk=kks@a Nk=kkvksa esa fodflr gks ldsAa usrR` o&xq.k O;kolkf;d uSfrdrk ds izfr
laons u'khyrk rFkk ldkjkRed ewY;&i)fr ls yxko] os ewy rF; gS]a tks m|ferk ls lEcfUèkr fofHkUu voèkkj.kkvksa
dks izLrqr djrk gq, bl ikB~;Øe ij izdk'k Mkyrs gSAa
m|ferk tSls ikB~;Øe ds fy, n`<+ iz;ksxkRed ?kVd iz;ksxkRed dk;Z ds :i esa vfr vko';d gSAa iz;ksxkRed
dk;Z ds mís'; bl izdkj gSa %
(i)
fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks O;kolkf;d txr ls ifjfpr djkuk rkfd muesa ,d m|eh ds fy, vko';d ewy dkS'ky
,oa {kerk,¡ fodflr gks ldsAa
(ii)
fo|kfFkZ ; ks a es a us r ` R o] fo'okl] igy djus dh Hkkouk] vfuf'prrkvks a dk lkeuk djuk]
opuc)rk] l` t ukRedrk] lg;ks x Hkkouk] lR;fu"Bk rFkk fo'oluh;rk ds xq . kks a dks fodflr
djukA
(iii)
fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks bl ;ksX; cukuk fd os ,slk dkS'ky rFkk Kku vftZr dj ldsa ftudh vko';drk vk¡dM+kas
dk los{Z k.k] ,d=khdj.k] ys[kk&tks[kk rFkk fo'ys"k.k djus vkSj mRikn ,oa lsokvksa ds fy, lEHkkfor
ek¡x dk vuqeku yxkus ds fy, gksrh gSA
(iv)
fo|kfFkZ;ksa dk ifj;kstuk fjiksVZ cukus esa ekxZn'kZu djukA
(v)
fo|kfFkZ;ksa }kjk lalkèku ewY;kadu] cktkj&xfrfoKku] foÙkh; izcUèk] ykxr&fuèkkZj.k] ykHk&gkfu dh x.kuk
vkfn fofHkUu {ks=kksa esa fd, x, dsl&vè;;u }kjk ,slk Kku o dkS'ky fodflr djuk tks ,d m|e
ds fu;kstu ,oa izcUèku ds fy, vko';d gSA
(vi)
fo|kfFkZ;ksa esa egRoiw.kZ ewY;ksa ,oa m|eh; vuq'kklu dh Hkkouk dks fodflr djukA
dqy vad % 30
1- ifj;kstuk fjiksVZ@losZ{k.k fjiksVZ
10 vad
2- ekSf[kd ijh{kk ¼ifj;kstuk fjiksV@Z los{Z k.k fjiksV½Z
05 vad
3- dsl vè;;u
10 vad
4- leL;k lekèkku
05 vad
204
1- ifj;kstuk fjiksVZ@cktkj losZ{k.k fjiksVZ
¼d½ ifj;kstuk fjiksVZ %
,d m|e dh oLrqvks@a lsokvksa ds lEcUèk esa ,d ifj;kstuk fjiksVZ rS;kj djukA
vius vkl&ikl ds {ks=k esa miyCèk okLrfod òksrksa] fo|kFkhZ dh #fp rFkk lwpukvksa dh miyCèkrk
ds vkèkkj ij ,d ifj;kstuk ds p;u esa fo|kfFkZ;ksa dk ekxZn'kZu fd;k tkuk pkfg,A ifj;kstuk fjiksVZ
dks rS;kj djus esa ikB~;iqLrd esa fjiksVZ rS;kj djus ds fy, fn, x, uewus&QkeZ dk iz;ksx fd;k tk ldrk
gS] iqu% pw¡fd ifj;kstuk ds vkèkkj ij fo|kfFkZ;kas dks lk{kkRdkj ds fy, rS;kj fd;k tkuk vko';d gSA
vr% fofHkUu lEcfUèkr i{kksa dk iw.kZ :i ls vè;;u djus ds i'pkr~ iw.kZ lrdZrk ds lkFk fo|kfFkZ;ksa
dks ifj;kstuk fjiksVZ rS;kj djuh pkfg,A la{ksi esa ifj;kstuk fjiksVZ ,d okLrfod m|e dh vksj vxzlj
gksuh pkfg,A
¼[k½ ckt+kj&losZ{k.k&fjiksVZ %
ckt+kj los{Z k.k ;g tkuus dh rduhd ,oa izfØ;k gS fd vkids Hkkoh miHkksDrk dkSu ls gS\a vkSj os D;k
pkgrs gS\a los{Z k.k ckt+kj esa igys ls gh miyCèk oLrqvksa vkSj lsokvksa dk Hkh fd;k tk ldrk gS vkSj fo|kFkhZ
ubZ oLrqvksa o lsokvksa ds fy, Hkh los{Z k.k dj ldrs gSAa los{Z k.k dh fjiksVZ fuEufyf[kr o`gr~ 'kh"kZdksa ds vUrxZr
dh tkuh pkfg, %
(i)
mís';
(ii)
fofèk;k¡ ,oa midj.k ¼lk{kkRdkj iz'ukofy;k¡ vkfn½ ftudk mi;ksx lwpuk,¡ ,df=kr djus ds fy, fd;k
tkuk gS]
(iii)
lwpuk ,oa lkexzh ¼MkVk½ ds vfHkys[k]
(iv)
lkexzh ¼MkVk½ rFkk lwpuk dk fo'ys"k.k]
(v)
fuoZpu ,oa fu"d"kZ
mnkgj.k ds :i esa fdlh ifjokj dh izlkèku lEcUèkh lkcqu] nar&eatu vkfn ds fo"k; esa ilUn dh tkudkjh
izkIr djus ds fy, los{Z k.k fd;k tk ldrk gSA ladfyr lkexzh dk fo'ys"k.k fdlh m|eh ds fy, iSVuZ fuèkkZj.k
esa mi;ksxh fl) gks ldrk gSA
ifj;kstuk fjiksVZ@losZ{k.k fjiksVZ fuèkkZj.k ds fy, fn'kk&funsZ'k ;k eq[; ckrsa %
(i)
izLrqrhdj.k % :ijs[kk] Li"Vrk] xzkQ] lkfj.kh rFkk vU; nz'; lkexzh dk iz;ksx] laxBu] lkexzh dk fofèkor~
ys[kkadu] rFkk lwpuk vkSj lkekU; lqO;oLFkk fu"iknu
5 vad
(ii)
ekSfydrk rFkk l`tukRdrk
(iii)
lwpuk dh izkekf.kdrk rFkk x.kukvksa dh ;FkkFkZrk ,oa ifj;kstuk dh lkekU; lEHkkO;rk@los{Z k.k ds }kjk
fudkys x, fu"d"kks± dks lEgkydj j[kukA
2 vad
3 vad
2-- ifj;kstuk ;k cktkj losZ{k.k fjiksVZ ij ekSf[kd ijh{kk
5 va d
Nk=k@Nk=kk dh fjiksVZ dks ekSfyd ekudj gh iz'uksa dk p;u djuk pkfg, rFkk ;g Hkh è;ku j[kuk pkfg,
205
fd fo|kFkhZ us tks dk;Z fd;k gS mls mldh tkudkjh gSA fjiksVZ ls lEcfUèkr iz'u m|eh ds xq.k tSls usrR` o] vkRefo'okl]
l`tukRedrk] ekSfydrk] igyrk vkfnA vFkok fjiksVZ ij vkèkkfjr iz'u gh iwNs tkus pkfg,A
3-- izdj.k ¼dsl½ vè;;u
izdj.k vè;;u ,d laxBu m|e] vH;kl] xfrfofèk ;k O;fDr dks lgh <ax ls mtkxj djus dk dsfUnzr
3 vuqla/kku gSa ftlds vè;;u ls fdlh i{k ds ijh{k.k dk iz;kl gksrk gSA mnkgj.k Lo:i ,d m|ksx }kjk
iznw"k.k fu;a=k.k i)fr dk izdj.k vè;;u fd;k tkrk gSA ;g ,d lQy m|ksxifr ,d izdj.k vè;;u dk
fo'ys"k.k djus ;k j.kuhfr;ksa dks le>us ds fy, ,slk fo"k; pqu ldrk gS ftlds ekè;e ls m|ksxifr;ksa dks
lQyrk feyhA
okLro esa izdj.k vè;;u dk mís'; fo"k;ksa ds fo'okl] vH;kl] j.kuhfr] ewY; vkfn dks vxzfs "kr djuk gS]
ftlds }kjk mUgsa miyC/k izkIr gqbZ gS] ,sls vè;;uksa ls egku yksxksa ds fopkjksa rFkk dk;Z:ijs[kk dks le>us esa
lgk;rk izkIr gksrh gSA ge vlQyrkvkas dk Hkh izdj.k vè;;u dj ldrs gSa ftlesa dEiuh dk iru D;ksa gqvk\
,d lsok dk;Z us viuk cktkj D;ksa [kks;k vkfn dks le>us esa lgk;rk feysA ge nksuksa izdkj ds izdj.k vè;;uksa
ls lcd lh[krs gSAa fdlh dk;Z dks dSls fd;k tk, vkSj dSls u fd;k tk,A os m|e esa lfUufgr izfØ;kvksa dh
ewY;oku varn`f"V dks lqyHk cukrs gSAa
izdj.k vè;;u ds fy, lq>k;s x;s fo"k;
(i)
,d lQy m|eh dh :ijs[kk rS;kj djukA
(ii)
fdlh lkoZtfud laLFkk dh lQyrkvks@a foQyrkvksa dk muds dkj.kksa lfgr fo'ys"k.k djukA
(iii)
fdlh LFkkuh; y?kq m|ksx dk vè;;u ftlesas ;g tkudkjh izkIr dh tk, fd og m|e bl Lrj rd dSls
igq¡pkA
(iv)
nks ;k vfèkd izfr}U}h O;olkf;d bdkb;ksa dk vè;;u ftlesa mudk lkeF;Z ,oa detksfj;ksa dk fo'ys"k.k
gksA
(v)
fdlh fo|ky; dk izdj.k vè;;u ftlesa nks ckrksa dk fo'ys"k.k gks dk;Z ;kstuk djus ds fy,] vkèkkfjd
lajpuk] 'kSf{kd] euksjt
a u fØ;k,¡ vkfnA
(vi)
fdlh LFkkuh; Qyrs&Qwyrs QkLV&QwM 'kkWi ;k jSLVksjUS V dk izdj.k vè;;uA
(vii)
,slh O;kolkf;d bdkbZ }kjk viuk, x, fofHkUu rjhdksa dk izdj.k vè;;u ftlds }kjk mlus vius vkfFkZd
Jksrksa dks xfr'khy cuk;k gSA
(viii)
,d O;kolkf;d bdkbZ }kjk viuk;h x;h izcUèk rduhd dk izdj.k vè;;uA
(ix)
,d lQy miHkksDrk ,oa LFkkbZ dEiuh }kjk viukbZ xbZ cktkj j.kuhfr dk izdj.k vè;;uA
(x)
,d lkoZtfud dEiuh ds foÙkh; izcUèk dk izdj.k vè;;uA
(xi)
,d ,sls fof'k"V laLFkku dk izdj.k v/;;u tks NksVs Lrj ds m|eksa dks lgk;rk ,oa lykg iznku djrk
gSA
(xii)
nks futh dEifu;ksa ds fLFkfr&fooj.kksa dk izdj.k vè;;u rkfd mudh O;kikj rFkk lk[k vè;;u gks ldsA
(xiii)
,d o`gn~ fu.kkZ;d m|ksx ds LdUèk izcUèku dk vè;;u rkfd b"Vre ykxr izfØ;k dk lfUufgr fuèkkZj.k
gks ldsA
206
(xiv)
,d lqLFkkfir vkS|ksfxd bdkbZ ;k dEiuh dk izdj.k vè;;u ftlesa dEiuh dk ewY;fofèk] rFkk os lkekftd
izfrc)rk ;k opuc)rk dks dSls fuHkkrs gSa ds ckjs esa tkudkjh izkIr gks lds
(xv)
,d lqLFkkfir m|ksx dk izdj.k vè;;u ftlesa ;g Kkr fd;k tk, fd os izn"w k.k dks dSls de djrs gSa
;k jksdrs gSAa
(xvi)
i;kZoj.k lkSgknZ dEifu;k¡ rFkk izfrj{k.k esa mudk lg;ksx dk vè;;uA
izdj.k vè;;u dk ewY;kadu
(i)
izLrqrhdj.k % :ijs[kk] ifj'kq)rk] Li"Vrk] izkekf.kdrk] rFkk lkekU; lqO;oLFkk
(ii)
fo'ys"k.k rFkk fu"d"kZ
(iii)
leL;k fujkdj.k
7 vad
bl l=k esa fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks ,d fyf[kr ijh{kk nsuh gksxh ftlesa mUgsa leL;k dk lekèkku <w<¡ uk gksxkA ijh{kd
d{kk XII ls lEcfUèkr dksbZ Hkh leL;k ns ldrs gS]a tks fuèkkZfjr ikB~; iqLrd ls gh gksxhA leL;k,¡ fuEu {ks=kksa
dh gks ldrh gSa %
¼v½ ifj;kstuk dh lEHkkO;rk dks LFkkf;r djus ds fy, i;kZoj.k dk ijh{k.k fdl izdkj fd;k tk ldrk
gSA
¼c½ le:i mRiknksa ds fu"d"kZ Kkr djus ds fy, miHkksDrk iSVuZ mRiknksa dh dqN vkÑfr;k¡ iznf'kZr dh
tk,A
¼l½ lEHkkO;rk ?kVdksa ds fuèkkZj.k ds fy, tks fn, gq, mRikn ;k lsokvksa ds gksa] dk cktkj fuèkkZj.k
djukA
¼n½ dk;Z'khy iwt
¡ h fuèkkZj.k
¼;½ dqy mRiknu ykxr dh x.kuk djukA
¼Q½ fcuk gkfu&ykHk O;kikj fcUnq dh x.kuk djukA
¼g½ LdUèk fu;U=k.k esa leL;k,¡ ¼vkfFkZd vkns'k ek=kk dh x.kuk rFkk ¼v c l½ dk fo'ys"k.k djukA½
¼b½ mRikn ;k lsok dk ewY; fuèkkZj.k fofèk fuèkkZfjr djukA
¼t½ mRikn ;k lsok ds foØ; vfHk;ku ;kstuk ds fy, laoèkZu feJ ykxw djukA
¼d½ fn, gq, dk;Z ds fy, lkèkkj.k ctV cukukA
mÙkj ewY;kadu
ijh{kd ik¡p leL;k,¡ rS;kj djsaxs ftUgsa os fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks izLrqr djus ls iwoZ Lo;a gy djsaxsA fo|kFkhZ muesa
ls dksbZ ,d dks pqusaxs rFkk mlh dk mÙkj nsaxsA muds mÙkj esa fofHkUu pj.k rFkk fofHkUu dkj.k gksaxsA ;fn
leL;k lekèkku ds fy, fdlh x.kuk dh vko';drk u gksa rFkk mldk dksbZ ,d Bhd mÙkj u gks rks lEiw.kZ
izfØ;k tks fo|kFkhZ us viukbZ gS mlds mÙkj ds fy, mfpr Hkkfjrk ;k vfèkizfrfufèkRo fn;k tkuk pkfg,A
207
ekSfydrk rFkk uohurk dh Hkkouk dks iq#LÑr fd;k tkuk pkfg,A ;fn mÙkj rdZ laxr gks rks O;kdj.k lEcUèkh
=kqfV;ksa] =kqfViw.kZ orZuh ;k fgTtksa ds fy, fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks nf.Mr u fd;k tk,A ;fn dgha ij fuf'pr lw=kksa dk
lekos'k gks rks ifj'kq)rk dks vfèkizfrfufèkRo vo'; fn;k tkuk pkfg,A
izLrkfor iqLrdksa dh lwph
1- m|ferk d{kk
XI
2- m|ferk d{kk
XII
lh-ch-,l-bZ- fnYyh
lh-ch-,l-bZ- fnYyh
3- m|ferk ¼fgUnh½ MkW- ,e-,e-ih- vk[kkSjh rFkk ,l-ih- feJkA
izdk'kd m|ferk rFkk y?kq O;olk; fodkl ds fy, jk"Vªh; laLFkku] ,u-,l-vkbZ-lh-&ih-,Vhlh- dSEil
vks [ kykA
4- vkS|ksfxd fn'kk&funs'Z k ¼fgUnh½ izdk'kd m|ferk fodkl dsUnz] eè;izns'k] 60 tsy jksM] tgk¡xhjkckn]
Hkksiky&462008
if=kdk,a
(i)
m|ferk lekpkj i=k ¼ekfld fgUnh½ izdk'kd m|ferk fodkl dsUnz] e-iz-] 60 tsy jksM] tgk¡xhjkckn]
HkksikyA
(ii)
y?kq m|ksx lekpkj
208
21- bfrgkl (dksM la[;k 027)
rdkZ/kj
mís ' ;
bu ofj"B ekè;fed d{kkvksa esa fo|kfFkZ;ksa ij bl ckr ij cy fn;k tk,xk fd bfrgkl dsoy rF;ksa ds laxgz
dh vis{kk ,d rdZlxa r fo"k; gS] [kkst dh ,d izfØ;k gS vkSj Hkwrdky ds ckjs esa tkuus dk ,d jkLrk gS]
izLrqr ikB~;Øe ls mUgsa ;g le>us esa lgk;rk feysxh fd bfrgkldkjksa }kjk bfrgkl ys[ku dh izfØ;k esa
fofHkUu izdkj ds lk{;ksa dks Nk¡Vuk vkSj tksM+uk] rFkk muds òksrksa dks lrdZ i<+uk gksrk gSA os bl ckr dk
ewY;kadu dj ldsxa s fd bfrgkldkj fdl izdkj Hkwrdky ds pj.k fpUgksa dks ns[kdj Hkwrdky ds fo"k; esa tkudkjh
,d=k djrs gSa vkSj fdl izdkj ls ,sfrgkfld Kku esa fodkl gksrk gSA
ikB~;Øe fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks fofHkUu ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa fodkl ds :i esa vkilh lEcUèk vkSj muds chp lekurkvksa
dks le>us esa lgk;d gksxkA blh izdkj fo|kFkhZ vyx&vyx le; esa leku izfØ;kvksa ds lEcUèkksa dk fo'ys"k.k
dj ldsxa s rFkk bfrgkl o vU; lacfa /kr fo"k;ksa esa lkekftd [kkstksa ds rjhdksa esa vkilh lEcUèk dks [kkst
ldsxa As
11oha d{kk ds ikB~;Øe esa fo'o bfrgkl ds ize[q k fo"k;ksa dk lek;kstu fd;k x;k gSA fo"k;ksa dk p;u bl
izdkj fd;k x;k gS rkfd
(i)
mudk dsUnz fcUnq jktuhfrd] lkekftd] lkaLÑfrd rFkk vkfFkZd {ks=k esa gq, dqN egRoiw.kZ fodkl ij
dsUnzhHkwr gksA
(ii)
vè;;u dsoy fodkl ds o.kZu gh u gksa tSls fd 'kgjhdj.k] vkS|ksxhdj.k vkSj vkèkqfudhdj.k vfirq
foLFkkiu dh izfØ;k dk Kku izkIr djuk Hkh gksA bu fo"k;ksa ds vè;;u ls fo|kFkhZ foLr`r ,sfrgkfld
izfrfØ;kvksa rFkk muds pkjksa vksj gksus okys fo'ks"k okn&fookn dk Hkh vanktk gksxkA
11oha d{kk ds izR;sd fo"k; ds O;ogkj esa fuEu lekfgr gksxh %
¼d½ vè;;u fo"k; dk ekxZn'kZu]
¼[k½ vè;;u ,d fo'ks"k fo"k; {ks=k dks dsfUnzr djrs gq,A
¼x½ fookfnr fo"k; ls lEcfUèkr rdZlxa r okn&fookn izkjEHk djdsA
12oha d{kk esa gekjk dsUnz fcUnq cnydj bfrgkl ds izkphudky] eè;dky o vkèkqfud dky ds fo"k;ksa dk
foLr`r vè;;u gksxk gkykafd iz;Ru ;gh jgsxk fd bu dky ijd fo"k;ksa esa varj dks de fd;k tk,A
gekjk mís'; bu fo"k;ksa dk vè;;u foLrkj vkSj xgjkbZ ls djuk gksxk ctk; leLr ,sfrgkfld dky dk
Øekuqlkj losZ{k.kA bl izdkj fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds iwoZ d{kkvksa esa vftZr Kku ds vkèkkj ij ikB~;Øe dk fuekZ.k
gksxkA
209
11oha d{kk esa izR;sd fo"k; ds vè;;u esa ,d izdkj ds òksr ls Hkh ifjfpr djk;k tk,xkA bl izdkj ds
vè;;u ls fo|kFkhZ ;g tkuuk 'kq: dj nsxa s fd fofHkUu izdkj ds òksr D;k nf'kZr djrs gSa vkSj D;k ugha@os
tku ik,¡xs fd bfrgkldkj bu òksrksa dh O;k[;k djus esa vkbZ leL;kvksa rFkk dfBukb;ksa dk fdl izdkj fo'ys"k.k
djrs gSa vkSj fdl izdkj ls ,d ?kVuk ,sfrgkfld izfØ;k vFkok ,sfrgkfld O;fDr dk fuekZ.k fofHkUu izdkj
ds òksrksa dks ns[kdj gksrk gSA
12oha d{kk dk izR;sd fo"k; pkj mi&'kh"kZdksa ds vanj lekfgr fd;k tk,xkA
¼d½ ?kVukvks]a eqíksa vkSj izfØ;kvksa dk foLr`r Lo:iA
¼[k½ fo"k;lEcUèkh [kkst dh orZeku fLFkfr dk lkjA
¼x½ fo"k; dh tkudkjh fdl izdkj izkIr dh xbZ gS] mldk o.kZu]
¼?k½ ewy òksr ls fy, x, ,d fo"k; ls lEcfUèkr m)j.k ysdj bfrgkldkjksa us mldk iz;ksx dSls fd;k gS]
dh O;k[;kA
12oha vkSj 11oha d{kk nksuksa d{kkvksa esa ;|fi bu fo"k;ksa dks ,d O;kid dkykuqØe ls la;ksftr fd;k
x;k gS fdUrq fQj Hkh muesa vfrNkfnrk gSA bldk vfHkizk; ;g le>kus dk Fkk fd dkykuqØe vkSj dky&fuèkkZj.k
lnk cgqr ckjhdh ls ugha gks ikrs gSAa
ikB~; iqLrd esa izR;sd fo"k; ,d fo'ks"k le; vkSj LFkku ds vuqlkj feysxkA fdUrq ;s ifjppkZ,¡ fuEu
izdkj ls foLr`r lanHkZ esa nh xbZ gS
¼d½ fo'ks"k ?kVuk dks dky&js[kk esa j[k djA
¼[k½ fdlh fo'ks"k ?kVuk vFkok izfØ;kvksa dh ifjppkZ vU; LFkkuksa ;k le; ij gqbZ fodkl ds lanHkZ
esaA
210
ikB~;Øe dh :ijs[kk
d{kk&XI
iz'u&i=k 1
le; % 3 ?kaVs
vad % 100
bdkbZ
ihfj;M
va d
8
&
32
15
2- Hkwfedk
06
&
3- le; ds izkjEHk ls izkjafHkd uxj
14
&
4- izkjafHkd uxj
12
&
40
25
5- Hkwfedk
06
&
6- rhu egk}hiksa esa QSyk gqvk ,d lkezkT;
12
7- dsUnzh; bLykfed {ks=k
12
8- ;k;koj lkezkT;
10
1- fo'o bfrgkl dk ifjp;
[k.M d % izkjafHkd lekt
[k.M ^[k* % lkezkT;
44
25
9- Hkwfedk
06
&
10- rhu oxZ
12
11- cnyrh gqbZ lkaLÑfrd ijEijk,¡
14
12- laLÑfr;ksa dk Vdjko
12
[k.M x % cnyrh ijEijk,¡
46
[k.M ?k % vkèkqfudhdj.k dh jkgsa
25
13- Hkwfedk
08
14- vkS|ksfxd ØkfUr
12
15- ewy fuokfl;ksa dk foLFkkiu
12
16- vkèkqfudhdj.k dh jkgsa
14
17-- ekufp=k dk;Z ¼bdkbZ 1&& 16½½
10
10
180
100
dqy
211
d{kk
XI
% fo'o bfrgkl ds fo"k;
fo"k;
ihfj;M
1- fo'o bfrgkl dh Hkwfedk
¼8½
mís';
[k.M d % izkjfEHkd lekt
2- Hkwfedk
¼6½
3-- le; ds izkjEHk ls
¼14½
dsUnz fcUnq % vÝhdk] ;wjksi 5000 bZ- iwoZ rd
¼d½ ekuo ds mn~Hko ij fopkj
¼[k½ izkjfEHkd lekt
¼x½ orZ e ku le; es a f'kdkj&la x z g d lekt ij
bfrgkldkjksa ds er
4-- iz k ja f Hkd uxj
¼12½
ds U nz fcUnq % bjkd] rhljs lgòkCn iwoZ
ekuo ds Øfed fodkl dh iqujZpuk
ds rjhdksa ls fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks ifjfpr
djkukA
D;k orZeku ds laxgz .k o f'kdkj djus
okys yksxksa ds vuqHkoksa ls izkjafHkd lektksa
ds thou dks le>k tk ldrk gS\
izkjafHkd 'kgjh dsUnzkas dh izÑfr ls fo|kfFkZ;ksa
dks ifjfpr djkukA
D;k ys[ku lH;rk dks fpfºur djus esa
egRoiw.kZ gSA
¼d½ 'kgjksa dk fodkl
¼[k½ izkjafHkd 'kgjh lektksa dh izÑfr
¼x½ bfrgkldkjksa ds ys[ku ds mi;ksxksa
ij okn&fooknA
[k.M&[k % lkezkT;
5-- Hkw f edk
¼6½
6-- rhu egk}hiksa esa QSyk gqvk ,d lkezkT; ¼12½
dsnz fcUnq % jkseu lkezkT;] 27 bZ- iwo-Z
ls 600 bZ- rd
¼d½ jktuhfrd fodkl
¼[k½ vkfFkZd foLrkj
¼x½ èkeZ
¼?k½ ijorhZ iqjkdky
¼p½ nklizFkk ij bfrgkldkjksa ds erA
212
,d ize[q k fo'o lkezkT; ds bfrgkl ls
fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks ifjfpr djkukA
ppkZ djuk fd D;k nklrk vFkZ O;oLFkk dk
,d egRoiw.kZ rRo FkhA
fo"k;
ihfj;M
¼ 12½½
7-- dsUnzh; bLykeh {ks=k
dsUnzfcUnq % 7oha ls ckjgoha 'krkfCn;k¡
¼d½ jkT; i)fr
¼[k½ vFkZO;oLFkk
¼x½ laLÑfr
¼?k½ èkeZ;q)ksa ij bfrgkldkjksa ds n`f"Vdks.kA
8-- ;k;koj lkez k T; %
mís';
vÝhdh vkSj ,f'k;k;h {ks=kksa esa bLykeh
lkezkT;ksa ds mn; ls rFkk mlds lekt
vkSj vFkZ O;oLFkk ls fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks ifjfpr
djkukA
èkeZ ;q) dk bu {ks=kksa esa D;k vFkZ gS]
rFkk mudks dSls vuqHko fd;k x;k bls
le>ukA
¼ 10½½
dsUnz fcUnq % eaxksy] 13oha ls 14oha 'krkCnh
¼d½ ;k;kokj dh izd`fr
¼[k½ lkezkT;ksa dk xBu
¼x½ fot; vkSj vU; jkT;ksa ls lEcUèk
¼?k½ ;k;kokj lektksa rFkk jkT; ds xBu
ij bfrgkldkjksa ds fopkjA
fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks ;k;kokj lekt ,oa mudh
laLFkkvksa ls ifjfpr djkukA
D;k ;k;kokj lektksa esa jkT;ksa dk xBu
laHko gS] bldh ppkZ djukA
[k.M x % cnyrh ijaijk,¡
9-- Hkwfedk
¼ 6½½
10-- rhu oxZ
¼ 10½½
dsUnz fcUnq % if'peh ;wjksi] 13&16 'krkCnh rd
¼d½ lkearoknh lekt ,oa vFkZO;oLFkk
¼[k½ jkT;ksa dh jpuk
¼x½ ppZ ,oa lekt
¼?k½ lkearokn ds Ðkl ij bfrgkldkjksa ds fopkj]
11-- cnyrh gq b Z lka L Ñfrd ija i jk,¡
fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks ledkyhu vFkZO;oLFkk
,oa lekt rFkk muesa vk, ifjorZuksa ls
ifjfpr djkuk]
lkearokn ds iru ij okn&fookn fdl
izdkj ifjorZu dh izfØ;kvksa dks le>us
esa lgk;d gksrk gS] ;g nf'kZr djukA
¼ 14½½
dsUnz fcUnq % ;wjksi % 14oha ls 17oha 'krkCnh rd
¼d½ lkfgR; vkSj dyk esa u, fopkj ,oa
u, :>kuA
¼[k½ iwoZorhZ fopkjksa ls lEcUèk
¼x½ if'peh ,f'k;k dk ;ksxnkuA
12-- la L Ñfr;ks a dk Vdjko
bl dky esa ckSf)d izof` Ùk;ksa dh [kkst]
fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks ledkyhu jaxfp=kksa rFkk
bekjrksa ls ifjp;A
iqutkZxj.k ds fopkj ij okn&fooknA
¼ 12½½
dsUnz fcUnq % 15oha ls 18oha 'krkCnh ds chp vejhdk
¼d½ ;wjksiokfl;ksa dh [kkst ;k=kk,¡
213
;wjksih; vFkZO;oLFkk ds mu ifjorZuksa
ij ppkZ dhft, ftuds QyLo:i leqnhz
;k=kk,¡ gks ikb±A
fo"k;
ihfj;M
mís';
¼[k½ Lo.kZ dh [kkst] nkl cukuk] Nkis ekjukA
¼x½ ewy fuoklh ,oa laLÑfr;k¡] vjkckdh]
,tVsd] bUdk yksxA
¼?k½ foLFkkiuksa ¼LFkkukUrj.k½ dk bfrgklA
¼p½ nkl O;kikj ij bfrgkldkjksa ds n`f"Vdks.kA
[k.M&?k % vkèkqfudhdj.k ds jkLrs
ewy fuokfl;ksa ij fot; ds izHkkoksa dh ppkZ
dhft,A
nkl O;kikj dh izÑfr ij okn&fookn
dhft, vkSj nsf[k, fd ,slk fookn gesa
bu [kkstksa ds vFkZ ds ckjs esa D;k crkrk gSA
(ihfj;M 46)
13- Hkwfedk
¼8½
14- vkS|ksfxd ØkfUr
dsUnz fcUnq % baXyS.M] 18oha rFkk 19oha 'krkCnh
bl dky esa gq, fodkl dh izÑfr rFkk
¼d½ vfHkuo rFkk rduhdh ifjorZu
mldh lhekvksa dks lef>,A
¼[k½ fodkl ds izfr:i
vkS|ksfxd ØkfUr fopkj ij fo|kfFkZ;ksa
¼x½ Jfed oxZ dk mn;
dks okn&fookn ds fy, izsfjr dhft,A
¼?k½ D;k vkS|ksfxd ØkfUr gqbZ Fkh\
¼³½ bfrgkldkjksa ds n`f"Vdks.kA
¼ 12½½
15-- ewy fuokfl;ksa dk foLFkkiu
dsUnz fcUnq % 18 ls 20oha 'krkCnh esa mÙkjh vejhdk ,oa vkWLVªfs y;kA
¼d½ mÙkjh vejhdk rFkk vkWLVªsfy;k esa
fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks] foLFkkiuksa dh izfØ;kvksa
;wjksih; mifuos'koknhA
ls] ftuds lkFk&lkFk vejhdk rFkk
¼[k½ 'osr izoklh lektksa dk xBuA
vkWLVªsfy;k dk fodkl gqvk] lqxzkgh
¼x½ LFkkuh; yksxksa dk foLFkkiu ,oa neu
cukb,A
¼?k½ ;wjksih; clkoV ds ewy fuokfl;ksa ij iM+s
foLFkkfir yksxksa dh ,slh izfØ;kvksa ls
izHkko ij bfrgkldkjksa ds fopkjA
rkRi;Z le>kb;s A
¼ 14½½
16-- vkèkqfudhdj.k dh fofHkUu jkgsa
dsUnz fcUnq % iwohZ ,f'k;k&mÙkj 19oha o chloha 'krkCnh esa fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks tkx:d cukb, fd os
¼d½ tkiku esa lSU;hdj.k ,oa vkfFkZd fodkl
le>sa fd vkèkqfud fo'o esa :ikUrj.k
¼[k½ phu rFkk lkE;oknh fodYi
ds vusd :i gaSA
¼x½ vkèkqfudhdj.k ij bfrgkldkjksa ds okn&fooknA
Li"V dhft, dh vkèkqfudhdj.k tSls fopkjksa
ds rdZlxa r ewY;kadu dh vko';drk D;ksa
gS\
¼ihfj;M 10½½
17-- ekufp=k dk;Z
,d ls iUnzg bdkbZ rd
¼10½
iz L rkfod ikB~ ; iq L rds a %
1- fo'o bfrgkl ds fo"k; ,u-,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh- }kjk izdkf'kr
214
ikB~;Øe dh :ijs[kk
d{kk XII
le; % 3 ?k.Vs ihjh;M
,d iz'u i=k
bdkbZ
[k.M&I % fo'o bfrgkl ds fo"k;
bdkbZ 1–4
[k.M&II % fo'o bfrgkl ds fo"k;
bdkbZ 5–9
[k.M&III % fo'o bfrgkl ds fo"k;
bdkbZ 10–15
bdkbZ
16
vfèkdre vad % 100
45
va d
25
55
30
70
35
10
10
ekufp=k dk;Z
10
dqy 180
dqy
100
Hkkjrh; bfrgkl ds fo"k;
fo"k;
ihjh;M ¼45½
Hkkx I
mís';
(11)
1-
izkjafHkd uxjksa dh dgk
uh] gM+IikbZ iqjkrÙo
dgkuh]
lkekU; i;Zoyksdu % izkjafHkd 'kgjh dsUnz]
[kkst dh dgkuh % gM+IikbZ lH;rk
m)j.k eq[; LFkyksa ij iqjkÙoh; fjiksVZ
fopkj&foe'kZ % bldk mi;ksx iqjkrÙoosÙkk rFkk
bfrgkldkjksa us fdl izdkj fd;k gSA
2-
jktuhfrd ,oa vkfFkZ d bfrgkl % f'kykys[k budh
dgkuh dsls crkrs gSA
(11)
lkekU; i;kZoyksdu % ekS;Zdky ls xqIr dky rd dk
jktuhfrd ,oa vkfFkZd bfrgkl
[kkst dh dgkuh % f'kykys[k rFkk fyfi dks i<+uk]
jktuhfrd ,oa vkfFkZd bfrgkl dh le> esa ifjorZu
m)j.k % v'kksd ds f'kykys[k ,oa xqIrdkyhu Hkwfe
vuq n ku
fopkj foe'kZ % bfrgkldkjksa }kjk f'kykys[kksa dh O;k[;kA
215
fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks vkfFkZd o lkekftd
laLFkkvksa ds :i esa izkjafHkd 'kgjh dsUnzkas
ls ifjfpr djkuk
,s l s rjhdks a ls ifjfpr djkuk ftuls
u;s MsVk dh lgk;rk ls bfrgkl dh
orZeku ekU;rkvksa esa la'kksèku gks ldsAa
fo}kuks a }kjk iq j krÙoh; fjiks V ks ± ds
fo'ys"k.k djus ds rjhds dks lksnkgj.k
le>kukA
miegk}hi ds jktuhfrd ,oa vkfFkZd
bfrgkl dh izeq[k izof` Ùk;ksa ls fo|kFkhZ
dks ifjfpr djukA
f'kykys[k ds fo'ys"k.k ls ifjfpr djkuk
vkSj ;g crkuk fd buls jktuhfrd
,oa vkfFkZd izfØ;kvksa ds ckjs esa gekjh
le> dSls curh gSA
fo"k;
3-
mís';
lkekftd bfrgkl % bfrgkl jpus ds fy, egkHkkjr dk
mi;ksx
(12)
lkekftd bfrgkl dh leL;kvksa ls ifjfpr
djkukA
lkekU; i;kZoyksdu % lkekftd bfrgkl dh leL;k,a %
tkfr] oxZ] ukrsnkjh] fyaxHksn
ewyxzUFkksa ds fo'ys"k.k rFkk lkekftd
bfrgkl dh iqujZpuk esa muds iz;ksx
ls ifjfpr djkukA
Hkkjr ds izkjafHkd dky esa izeq[k èkeks±
dh xfrfofèk;ksa ij ppkZ
n`'; fo'ys"k.k ds rjhdksa rFkk èkkfeZd
bfrgkl iqujZpuk esa muds iz;ksx ls
ifjfpr djkukA
[kkst dh dgkuh % egkHkkjr dk lapkj.k o izdk'ku
m)j.k % egkHkkjr ls bfrgkldkjksa }kjk fdl izdkj bldk
iz;ksx fd;k x;k lksnkgj.kA
fopkj&foe'kZ % lkekftd bfrgkl dh iqu% jpuk ds vU;
òksrA
4-
ckS) èkeZ dk bfrgkl % lkaph Lrwi
lkekU; i;kZoyksdu % ¼d½ oSfnd èkeZ] tSuèkeZ] oS".koèkeZ]
'kSo èkeZ dh laf{kIr leh{kk
(11)
¼[k½ dsUnz fcUnq % ckS)èkeZ
[kkst dh dgkuh % lkaph Lrwi
m)j.k % lkaph dh ewfrZ;ksa ds fp=kksa dh O;k[;k
fopkj&foe'kZ % os rjhds ftu ls bfrgkldkjksa us ewfrZ;ksa
dh O;k[;k dh gS ckS) èkeZ ds bfrgkl dh iqujZpuk
ds vU; òksr
[k.M&[k % eè;dkyhu Hkkjr
5-
55 ihjh;M
Ñf"k lEcUèk % vkbu&,&vdcjh
(11)
lkekU; i;Zoyksdu %
¼d½ lksygoha vkSj l=kgoha 'krkCnh esa Ñf"k lEcUèkksa dk <kapk
Ñf"k lEcUèkksa ds fodkl dh xfrfofèk;ksa dh
ppkZ djukA
bfrgkl ys[ku esa ljdkjh nLrkostksa dk vU;
òksrksa }kjk vuqijw .k dh foospu djukA
¼[k½ bl dky esa ifjorZuksa ds izfr:iA
[kkstksa dh dgkuh % vkbu&,&vdcjh ds laxgz .k ,oa vuqokn
dk fooj.k
m)j.k % vkbus&,&vdcjh ls
fopkj&foe'kZ % bfrgkldkjksa }kjk bfrgkl dh iqu%jpuk esa
iz;Dq r ewyikBksa dk iz;ksx fdl izdkj fd;k x;k gSA
fo"k;
mís';
216
6-
eqxy njckj % bfro`Ùkksa ds ekè;e ls bfrgkl dh
iq u %jpuk
(11)
fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks jktuhfrd bfrgkl dh
egÙoiw.kZ ?kVukvksa ls ifjfpr djkukA
fn[kk,a fd bfro` Ù k ,oa vU; òks r
jktuhfr ds laLFkkvksa ds bfrgkl dh
iqu% jpuk esa fdl izdkj iz;qDr gksrs
gSaA
fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds ledkyhu uofufeZr Hkouksa
ls ifjfpr djkukA
mu rjhdks a dh ppkZ dhft, ftuls
bfrgkl dh iqu% jpuk esa LFkkiR;dyk
dk fo'ys"k.k fd;k tk ldrk gSA
fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks èkkfeZd xfrfofèk;ksa ls
ifjfpr djkukA
HkfDr lkfgR; dk ,sfrgkfld òksr ds
:i esa] fo'ys"k.k djus ds rjhdksa dh
ppkZ dhft,A
lkekU; i;kZoyksdu ¼d½ 15oha ls 17oha 'krkCnh ds
nkS j ku bfrgkl dh :ijs [ kkA
¼[k½ eqxy njckj rFkk jktuhfr ij fopkj&foe'kZA
[kkst dh dgkuh % dksVZ ds bfro`Ùkksa dh jpuk&izfØ;k
dk fooj.k muds ckn ds le; esa fd, x, vuqokn
,oa izs"k.k
m)j.k % vdcjukek ,oa ikn'kkgukek ls
fopkj&foe'kZ % bfrgkldkjksa }kjk jktuhfrd bfrgkl
ds fuekZ.k esa ewyikBksa ds iz;ksx ds rjhdsA
7-
uohu okLrqdyk % gEih
(11)
lkekU; i;kZ o yks d u
¼d½ fot; uxj dkyhu efUnjks]a fdyks]a flapkbZ lqfoèkkvksa
tSlh ubZ bekjrksa dh :ijs[kkA
¼[k½ jktuhfrd O;oLFkk ,oa okLrqdyk esa lEcUèk
[kks t dh dgkuh % gEih dh [kkst dh dgkuh
m)j.k % gEih ds Hkouksa ds n`';
fopkj&foe'kZ % bfrgkldkjksa us bu lajpukvksa dk fo'ys"k.k
,oa O;k[;k fdu rjhdksa ls dh gSA
8-
èkkfeZd bfrgkl HkfDr&lwQh ijEijk,a
(11)
lkekU; i;Z o yks d u
¼d½ bl dky esa èkkfeZd xfrfofèk;ksa dh :ijs[kk
¼[k½ HkfDr ,oa lwQh lUrksa ds fopkj vkSj vkpkjA
laizs{k.k dh dgkuh % HkfDr ,oa lwQh jpukvksa dks dSls
lqjf{kr j[kk x;k gSA
m)j.k % HkfDr vkSj lwQh xzaFkksa ls fy, x, m)j.kA
fopkj foe'kZ % os rjhds ftuds }kjk bfrgkldkjksa us
bu xzaFkksa dh O;k[;k,a dh gSaA
217
fo"k;
9-
mís';
;kf=k;ksa ds fooj.kksa ds tfj, eè;;qxhu lektA
lkekU; i;Zoyksdu % ;kf=k;ksa ds fooj.kksa ds vuqlkj lkekftd
,oa lkaLÑfrd thou dh :ijs[kkA
fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks ;kf=k;ksa }kjk of.kZr lkekftd
bfrgkl dh fo'ks"krkvksa ls ifjfpr djkukA
foospu djuk fd ;kf=k;ksa ds fooj.k
lkekftd bfrgkl ds òksr ds :i esa
dSls iz;ksx fd, tk ldrs gSaA
mifuos'kokn us tehankjksa] fdlkuksa vkSj
f'kYidkjksa dks fdl izdkj izHkkfor fd;k
bl ij fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh ppkZA
yksxksa ds thou dks le>us esa ljdkjh
òksrksa ds iz;ksx dh leL;kvksa ,oa lhekvksa
dks le>ukA
1857 dh ?kVukvksa dh fdl izdkj iqu%
O;k[;k dh tk jgh gS] bl ij ppkZA
n`'; lkexzh dk bfrgkldkjksa }kjk fdl
izdkj mi;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gS foospu
bldkA
muds ys[kksa dh dgkuh % mUgksua s dgka dha ;k=kk,a dh] ;k=kk,a
D;ksa dh] mUgksua s D;k fy[kk vkSj fduds fy, fy[kk bu eqíksa
ij ppkZA
m)j.k % vyc:uh] bCucrwrk] cfuZvj ls fopkj foe'kZ %
;s ;k=kk fooj.k gesa D;k crkrs gSa vkSj bfrgkldkjksa us bu
dh O;k[;k dSls dh gSA
Hkkx II
10- mifuos'kokn rFkk xzkeh.k lekt % ljdkjh fjiksVks± ls
lk{;A
(11)
¼d½ lkekU; i;kZoyksdu % vBkgjoha 'krkCnh esa tehankjks]a
fdlkuksa vkSj f'kYidkjksa dk thouA
¼[k½
bZLV bafM;k dEiuh] jktLo iz.kkyh rFkk losZ{k.k
¼x½
mUuhloha 'krkCnh esa vk;s ifjorZu
ljdkjh vfHkys[kksa dh dgkuh % xzkeh.k lektksa
dh ljdkjh tkap D;ksa dh xbZ] mldk fooj.k rFkk
rS;kj fd, x, nLrkost ,oa fjiksVZA
m)j.k % QjfeUxj dh ikapoha fjiksVZ] Ýkafll cqdkuu
gS feYVu ,oa nDdu naxksa dh fjiksVZA
ppkZ % ljdkjh nLrkost+ D;k dgrs gSa vkSj D;k ugha
dgrs rFkk bfrgkldkjksa us mudk iz;ksx fdl izdkj
fd;k gSA
11- 1857 dk fp=k.k
(11)
lkekU; i;Z o yks d u %
¼d½ 1857&58 dh ?kVuk,aA
bu ?kVukvksa dks fdl izdkj ntZ fd;k x;k rFkk budk
o.kZu fdl izdkj fd;k x;kA
ds U nz fcUnq % y[kuÅ
m)j.k % 1857 ds fp=k] ledkyhu fooj.kksa ls m)j.k
ppkZ 1857 ds fp=kksa us ml fonzkgs ds izfr vaxt
sz ks± ds fopkjksa
dks fdl izdkj izHkkfor fd;k\
218
fo"k;
mís';
okn ,oa Hkkjrh; 'kgj] uxj;kstuk ,oa uxjh; fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks vkèkqfud 'kgjh dsUnzkas ls
12- vkSifuosf'kd
'kdokn
fjiks V Z
(11)
ifjp;A
lkekU; i;Zoyksdu % ¼eqEcbZ½ dk fodkl] enzkl ¼psUubZ½]
ioZrh; lSjxkg] vBkjgoha o mUuhloha 'krkCnh esa Nkofu;kaA fofHkUu izdkj òksrksa ds ekè;e ls uxjh;
bfrgkl fdl izdkj fy[kk tk ldrk
m)j.k % QksVks vkSj isfUVax ¼jax fp=k½ uxjksa dh ;kstuk,a]
gS\ bl ij ppkZA
uxj ;kstuk fjiksVks± ls m)j.kA dsUnz fcUnq dydÙkk dh
uxj;kstuk ¼ij fo'ks"k cy½
ppkZ % mijksDr òksr uxjksa ds bfrgkl ds fuekZ.k esa fdl
izdkj iz;qDr gks ldrs gSa\ ;s òksr D;k ugha iznf'kZr
djrs gSaA
13- ledkyhu n` f "V ls egkRek
(13) jk"Vªh; vkUnksyu ds egÙoiw.kZ rÙoksa rFkk
xkaèkh lkekU; i;kZoyksdu
xkaèkh th ds usrR` o dh izÑfr ls fo|kfFkZ;ksa
¼d½ 1918&1948 ds eè; jk"Vªh; vkUnksyu]
ls ifjp;A
¼[k½ xkaèkhoknh jktuhfr ,oa usr`Ro dh izÑfr
fofHkUu lewg xkaèkh th dks fdl izdkj
dsUnz fcUnq % 1931 esa egkRek xkaèkhA
le>rs Fks bl ij ppkZA
m)j.k % Hkkjrh; ,oa vaxt
sz +h Hkk"kk ds lekpkj i=kksa dh
bfrgkldkjksa dks lekpkj i=k] Mk;fj;ka
fjiksVZ ,oa vU; ledkyhu ys[kA
rFkk i=k ,sfrgkfld òksrksa ds :i esa
ppkZ &lekpkj i=k fdl izdkj bfrgkl ys[ku ds òksr
dSls i<+us pkfg, vkSj mudh O;k[;kA
gks ldrs gSaA
14- foHkktu % ekSf[kd òksrksa ds vkèkkj ij
(12) jk"Vªh; vkUnksyu ds vfUre n'kd]
lkekU; i;Z o yks d u
lkainz kf;drk ds fodkl vkSj foHkktu
¼d½ 1940 ds n'kd dk bfrgkl]
dh dgkuh dh ppkZA
¼[k½ jk"Vªokn] lkeiznf;drkokn vkSj foHkktu
lkain
z kf;d fgalk ls xqt+jus okys yksxksa
dsUnz fcUnq iatkc vkSj caxky
ds vuqHkoksa ls ml le; dh ?kVukvksa
m)j.k % foHkktu ds vuqHkoh O;fDr;ksa dh ekSf[kd
dks le>kukA
xokghA
ppkZ % foHkktu ds bfrgkl dh iqu%jpuk esa ekSf[kd ekSf[kd òksrksa dh laHkkoukvksa vkSj
xokfg;ksa dk fofo/k fo'ys"k.kA
lhekvksa dks Li"V djukA
15- lafoèkku dk fuekZ.k
(12) fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks Lora=krk ds i'pkr~ ds izkjafHkd
lkekU; i;kZ o yks d u ¼d½ Lora=krk ,oa uojk"Vª&jkT;]
o"kks± ds bfrgkl ls ifjp;A
¼[k½ lafoèkku dk fuekZ.k
uojk"Vª jkT; ds vkn'kks± dh LFkkiuk ds
ds U nz fcUnq % lafoèkku lHkk esa okn&fookn
fufeÙk gqbZ cgl vkSj mu vkn'kks± dks lw=k
m)j.k % okn fooknksa ls
:i esa j[kus dk foospu djukA
ppkZ % ;s okn&fookn D;k n'kkZrs gSa rFkk mudk fo'ys"k.k
le>uk fd bl izdkj dh cglsa o ppkZ,a
dSls fd;k tk ldrk gSA
fdl izdkj ls i<+h tk ldrh gSAa
(10)
16- ekufp=k dk;Z ;wfuV 1µ15 rd dkA
izLrkfor ikB~;iqLrdsa %
1- Hkkjrh; bfrgkl ds dqN va'k Hkkx-I, ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh- }kjk izdkf'krA
2- Hkkjrh; bfrgkl ds dqN va'k Hkkx-II, ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh- }kjk izdkf'krA
3- Hkkjrh; bfrgkl ds dqN va'k Hkkx-III, ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh- }kjk izdkf'krA
219
22- jktuhfr foKku (dksM la[;k 028)
ewyk/kj
mPprj ek/;fed Lrj ij jktuhfr foKku dks ,d fo"k; ds :i esa pquus okys fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks jktuhfrd
oSKkfud ds fpUru ds fofo/k eqíksa ls ifjfpr djokus dk volj iznku fd;k tkrk gSA bl Lrj ij] fo|kfFkZ;ksa
dks muds bnZ&fxnZ dh jktuhfrd izfØ;kvksa ls tksM+us rFkk mu izfØ;kvksa dks orZeku :i nsus okys ,sfrgkfld
lUnHkZ dks le> ikus ds ;ksX; cukus dh vko';drk gSA jktuhfr foKku ds fofHkUu fo"k; fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks fo"k;
dh fofHkUu /kkjkvksa % jktuhfrd fl)kUr] Hkkjrh; jktuhfr rFkk vUrjkZ"Vªh; jktuhfr ls voxr djkrs gSaA vU;
nks /kkjkvksa rqyukRed jktuhfr vkSj yksdiz'kklu ds eqíksa dks Hkh ikB~;Øe esa leqfpr LFkkuksa ij lek;ksftr fd;k
x;k gSA bu fofHkUu /kkjkvksa ls ifjp; djkrs le;] bl ckr dk fo'ks"k /;ku j[kk x;k gS fd fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks
fo"k; ds 'kCntky ls cksf>y u fd;k tk,A ;gk¡ iwoZ Lukrd Lrj ij fo|kfFkZ;ksa esa bl fo"k; ds izfr #fp mRiUu
djus dk fopkj izeq[k gh jgk gSA
mís'; %
Hkkjr dk lafo/kku fl)kUr vkSj O;ogkj
fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks bl ;ksX; cukuk rkfd os mu ,sfrgkfld izfØ;kvksa rFkk ifjfLFkfr;ksa dks le> ldsa ftuds vUrxZr
Hkkjr ds lafo/kku dk izk:i rS;kj gqvkA
fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks ,slk volj iznku djuk ftlls os mu fofHkUu n`f"Vdks.kksa ls voxr gksa ftuls Hkkjrh;
lafo/kku fuekZrkvksa dk iFk&izn'kZu gqvkA
fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks bl ;ksX; cukuk ftlls os lafo/kku dh ekSfyd fo'ks"krkvksa dks igpku ldsa rFkk fo'o ds vU;
lafo/kkuksa ds lkFk rqyuk dj ldsAa
os mu vusd rjhdksa dk fo'ys"k.k dj ldsa ftuds }kjk lao/S kkfud izko/kkuksa us okLrfod jktuhfrd thou
esa mUgsa dk;kZfUor fd;k gSA
jktuhfrd fl)kar
foosdiw.kZ&rdZ 'kfDr ,oa fu"d"kZ fudkyus ds dkS'ky dks fodflr djukA
dsoy vius gh ugha vfirq nwljksa ds n`f"Vdks.kksa dk lEeku djrs gq, euu ,oa fpUru djukA
220
lkekU; lkekftd thou rFkk vk/kqfud jktuhfrd thou ds lkFk&lkFk jktuhfrd nk'kZfudksa ds fpUru ds
eqíksa ls fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks ifjfpr djukA
lkekf;d jktuhfrd thou dh fpUrkvks]a ftuls fo|kFkhZ f?kjs gq, gSa muds ckjs esa vFkZi.w kZ Hkkxhnkjh ds ;ksX;
cukukA
fojklr esa izkIr fofHkUu vijhf{kr iwokZxgz ksa dk fo'ys"k.k djus ds fy, izkRs lkfgr djukA
LorU=k Hkkjr esa jktuhfr
mÙkj&Lora=krk&dky esa ?kfVr egÙoiw.kZ jktuhfrd ?kVukvksa rFkk O;fDr;ksa ls Nk=kksa dks voxr djkus ds ;ksX;
cukukA
gky gh dh ,sfrgkfld ?kVukvksa ,oa izfØ;kvksa ds jktuhfrd fo'ys"k.k }kjk dkS'ky dk fodkl djukA
c`gr~ izfØ;kvksa rFkk lw{e ifjfLFkfr;ksa ls Lo;a dks tksM+us dh {kerk dk fodkl djukA
ledkyhu Hkkjr ds vFkZi.w kZ Kku ds fy,] ,sfrgkfld ifjn`'; }kjk fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks izkRs lkfgr djukA
ledkyhu fo'o jktuhfr
fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds Kku dks Hkkjr rd gh lhfer u j[krs gq,] ledkyhu fo'o ds jktuhfrd ekufp=k dks igpkuus
ds ;ksX; cukukA
fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks mÙkj 'khr&;q) ;qx dh fofHkUu egÙoiw.kZ ?kVukvksa rFkk izfØ;kvksa ls voxr djkukA
gekjs nSfud tu thou dks oSf'od ?kVuk,¡ rFkk izfØ;k,¡ fdl izdkj izHkkfor djrh gS]a bl dh tkudkjh
ds fy, fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks lpsr djukA
ledkyhu eqíksa dk jktuhfrd fo'ys"k.k ,sfrgkfld ifjn`'; esa djus dh {kerk dks lqn<` + djukA
221
ikB;Øe dh :ijs[kk
d{kk
i=k ,d
XI
va d 100
le;&
le;&3 ?k.Vs
bdkbZ
ihfj;M
va d
1- lafo/kku % D;ksa vkSj dSls \
12
10
2- Hkkjrh; lafo/kku esa vf/kdkj
12
3- pquko vkSj izfrfuf/kRo
10
4- fo/kkf;dk
10
10
5- dk;Zikfydk
10
10
6- U;k;ikfydk
10
10
7- la?kokn
10
8- LFkkuh; 'kklu
10
10
9- lafo/kku&,d thoar nLrkost
10
10
10- lafo/kku dk jktuhfrd n'kZu
10
10
104
50
11- jktuhfrd fl)kar ,d ifjp;
10
10
12- Lora=krk
10
13- lekurk
10
14- lkekftd U;k;
12
15- vf/kdkj
10
16- /keZfujis{krk
11
17- jk"Vªokn
10
18- ukxfjdrk
11
19- 'kkafr
10
10
17- fodkl
10
10
104
50
Hkkx&d % Hkkjr dk lafo/kku
fl)kar vkSj O;ogkj
Hkkx&[k % jktuhfrd fl)kar
222
10
10
Hkkx&d % lafo/kku&fl)kar vkSj O;ogkj
ihfj;M
1-- lafo/kku&D;ksa vkSj dSls\
12
lafo/kku dh D;k vko';drk gS\ lafo/kku dh lÙkk
12
2-- Hkkjrh; lafo/kku esa vf/kdkj
vf/kdkjksa dk egRo] Hkkjrh; lafo/kku esa ekSfyd vf/kdkj] jkT; dh uhfr ds
funs'kd rRo] ekSfyd vf/kdkjksa rFkk funsZ'kd rRoksa esa lEcU/kA
3-- pquko vkSj izfrfuf/kRo
10
pquko vkSj yksdra=k] Hkkjr esa pquko O;oLFkk] fuokZpu {ks=kksa dk vkj{k.k] Lora=k
vkSj fu"i{k pquko] pquko lq/kkjA
4-- fo/kkf;dk
10
gesa laln D;ksa pkfg,\ laln ds nks lnuA laln ds dk;Z ,oa 'kfDr;kaA
fo/kk;h dk;Z] dk;Zikfydk ij fu;a=k.k] lalnh; lfefr;ka] Lo&fu;euA
5-- dk;Z i kfydk
10
dk;Zikfydk D;k gS\ fofHkUu izdkj dh dk;Zikfydk,¡A Hkkjr esa lalnh;
dk;Zikfydk % iz/kku ea=kh rFkk ea=kh&ifj"kn~A LFkk;h dk;Zikfydk ukSdj'kkghA
6-- U;k;ikfydk
10
gesa Lora=k U;k;ikfydk D;ksa pkfg,\ U;k;ikfydk dh lajpuk] U;kf;d
lafØ;rk] U;k;ikfydk vkSj vf/kdkj] U;k;ikfydk vkSj lalnA
7-- la ? kokn
10
la?kokn D;k gS\ Hkkjrh; lafo/kku esa la?kokn] l'kDr dsUnzh; ljdkj
vkSj la?kokn] Hkkjrh; la?kh; O;oLFkk esa la?k"kZ] fo'ks"k izko/kkuA
8-- LFkkuh; 'kklu
10
gesa LFkkuh; ljdkjksa dh D;k vko';drk gS\ Hkkjr esa LFkkuh; 'kklu dk fodkl]
73ok¡ vkSj 74 ok¡ la'kks/ku] 73osa vkSj 74osa la'kks/ku dk fØ;kUo;uA
9-- lafo/kku ,d thoar nLrkost
10
D;k lafo/kku vifjorZuh; gksrs gSa\ lafo/kku dh la'kks/ku izfØ;kA lafo/kku esa brus la'kks/ku D;ksa\
lafo/kku dh ewy lajpuk rFkk mldk fodklA lafo/kku&,d thoar nLrkostA
10-- la f o/kku dk jktuhfrd n'kZ u
10
lafo/kku ds n'kZu dk D;k vk'k; gS\ gekjs lafo/kku dk jktuhfrd n'kZu D;k gS\
izfØ;kxr miyfCèk;k¡] vkykspuk,¡A
223
Hkkx&[k % jktuhfrd fl)kar
ihfj;M
11-- jktuhfrd fl)kar ,d ifjp;
12
jktuhfr D;k gS\ jktuhfrd fl)kar esa ge D;k i<+rs gS\a jktuhfrd fl)karksa
dk O;ogkj esa mrkjuk@gesa jktuhfrd fl)kar D;ksa i<+uk pkfg,\
10
12-- Lora = krk
Lora=krk dks vkn'kZA Lora=krk D;k gS\ gesa izfrca/kksa dh vko';drk D;ksa gS\
gkfu fl)karA ldkjkRed ,oa udkjkRed Lora=krkA
13-- lekurk
lekurk dk egRoA lekurk D;k gS\ lekurk ds fofHkUu vk;keA
ge lekurk dks c<+kok ¼izkRs lkgu½ dSls ns ldrs gS\a
14-- lkekftd U;k;
12
U;k; D;k gS\ U;k;iw.kZ fu"i{kirk ,oa U;k;A
lkekftd U;k; dk vuqlj.kA
15-- vf/kdkj
10
vf/kdkj D;k gS\a vf/kdkj dgk¡ ls vkrs gS\a dkuwuh vf/kdkj vkSj jkT; lÙkkA
vf/kdkjksa ds izdkjA vf/kdkj vkSj ftEesnkfj;k¡A
16-- /keZ fujis{krk
11
/keZ fujis{krk D;k gS\ /keZ fujis{k jkT; D;k gS\ /keZ&fujis{k ds lEcU/k esa
ik'pkR; rFkk Hkkjrh; n`f"Vdks.kA Hkkjrh; /keZ&fujis{krk dh vkykspuk,¡ rFkk rdkZ/kkjA
17-- jk"Vª o kn
10
jk"Vªokn D;k gS\ jk"Vª ,oa jk"Vªokn] jk"Vªh; vkRe&fu.kZ;] jk"Vªokn rFkk cgqyokn
18-- ukxfjdrk
11
ukxfjdrk D;k gS\ ukxfjd rFkk jk"Vª] lkoZHkkSfed ukxfjdrk] fo'o ukxfjdrkA
19-- 'kkfUr
10
'kkfUr D;k gS\ D;k fgalk dHkh 'kkafr dks izkRs lkfgr dj ldrh gS\ 'kkafr ,oa jkT;]
lÙkk 'kkafr dk;e djus ds fofHkUu rjhds 'kkafr ds fy, ledkyhu pqukSfr;k¡A
20-- fodkl
10
fodkl D;k gS\ izcy@izHkkoh fodkl ekWMy dh vkykspuk,¡A fodkl dh
oSdfYid vo/kkj.kkA
izLrkfor ikB~;iqLrdsa %
1- Hkkjr dk lafo/kku, ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh- }kjk izdkf'krA
2- jktuhfr&fl)kUr Hkkx-II, ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh- }kjk izdkf'krA
224
d{kk
XII
Hkkx&d % ledkyhu fo'o jktuhfr
bdkbZ
va d
1- fo'o jktuhfr esa 'khr;q) dk nkSj
2- f}rh; fo'o dk fo?kVu rFkk nks /kzoq h;rk dk var
14
3- fo'o jktuhfr esa vejhdh opZLo
4- vkfFkZd ,oa jktuhfrd lÙkk ds oSdfYid dsna z
16
5- 'khr;q) ds var ds nkSj esa nf{k.kh ,f'k;k
6- ,d /kzqoh; fo'o esa varjkZ"Vªh; laxBu
10
7- ledkyhu fo'o esa lqj{kk
8- i;kZoj.k vkSj izkd`frd lalk/ku
10
9- oS'ohdj.k ,oa bldh vkykspuk
50
Hkkx&[k % Lora=k Hkkjr esa jktuhfr
10- jk"Vª&fuekZ.k dh pqukSfr;k¡
11- ,d ny ds izHkqRo dk nkSj
12- fu;ksftr fodkl dh jktuhfr
13- Hkkjr ds fons'k lac/a k
16
14- dkaxl
sz iz.kkyh pqukSfr;k¡ vkSj iquLFkkZiuk
12
15- lao/S kkfud O;koLFkk dk ladV
16- {ks=kh; vkdka{kk,¡ ,oa la?k"kZ
17- u, tu vkanksyuksa dk mn;
16
18- Hkkjrh; jktuhfr esa u, cnyko
50
ikB~ ; Øe
Hkkx&d % ledkyhu fo'o jktuhfr
fo"k; lwph
vof/k ¼?kaVs½
1-- fo'o jktuhfr esa 'khr ;q) dk nkSj
14
f}rh; fo'o ;q) ds i'pkr~ nks egk'kfDr;ksa ds xqVksa dk vkjEHkA 'khr ;q) ds nk;jsA nks&èkzoq h;rk
dks pqukSfr;k¡ % xqVfujis{k vkanksyu] uo varjkZ"Vªh; vkfFkZd O;oLFkk dh [kkstA Hkkjr vkSj
'khr;q)A
225
2-- nwljs fo'o dk fo?kVu rFkk nks&/kzqoh;rk dk var
12
fo'o jktuhfr esa u, vfLrRo % :l] ckYdku jkT; rFkk e/; ,f'k;k ds jkT;] turkaf=kd jktuhfr
,oa iwt
a hokn dk vkxeu rFkk mÙkj lkE;oknh 'kkluA Hkkjr dk :l rFkk vU; mÙkj lkE;oknh ns'kksa
ds lkFk lac/a kA
3-- fo'o jktuhfr esa vejhdh opZLo
12
,d&i{kokn dk foLrkj % vQxkfuLrku] izFke [kkM+h ;q)] 9@11 ds izfr izfrfØ;k rFkk bjkd ij vkØe.kA
vkfFkZd rFkk oSpkfjd {ks=kksa esa vejhdh opZLo rFkk mls pqukSfr;k¡A vejhdk ds lkFk Hkkjr ds lac/a kksa
dk uohdj.kA
4-- vkfFkZd ,oa jktuhfrd lÙkk ds oSdfYid dsUnz
10
phu dk vkfFkZd 'kfDr ds :i esa mÙkj&ekvksoknh nkSj esa mRFkku] ;wjksih; la?k dh jpuk ,oa foLrkj]
vkfl;ku] Hkkjr&phu lac/a kksa esa cnykoA
5-- mÙkj&'khr ;q) nkSj esa nf{k.kh ,f'k;k
12
ikfdLrku rFkk usiky esa turkaf=kd&dj.k rFkk iyVkoA Jhyadk esa tkrh; la?k"kZ] vkfFkZd oS'ohdj.k
dk bl {ks=k ij izHkkoA nf{k.kh ,f'k;k esa la?k"kZ rFkk 'kkafr lac/a kh iz;klA Hkkjr ds iM+kl
S h ns'kksa ds
lkFk lac/a kA
6-- ,d /kzqoh; fo'o esa varjkZ"Vªh; laxBu
12
la;qDr jk"Vª dk iquxZBu ,oa Hkfo";A iquxZfBr la;qDr jk"Vª esa Hkkjr dk LFkkuA u, varjkZ"Vªh; ik=kksa
dk mn; % u, varjkZ"Vªh; vkfFkZd laxBu] xSj&ljdkjh laxBuA ubZ oS'oh; 'kkflr laLFkk,¡ dgk¡ rd
yksdrkaf=kd rFkk mÙkjnk;h gS\a
7-- ledkyhu fo'o esa lqj{kk
12
lqj{kk lac/a kh ikjaifjd fpark,¡ rFkk fujL=khdj.k lac/kh uhfr;k¡A vikjaifjd vFkok ekuork dh lqj{kk
% oSf'od xjhch] LokLF; ,oa f'k{kkA LFkkukUrj.k ,oa ekuokf/kdkj lac/a kh fo"k;A
8-- fo'o jktuhfr esa i;kZoj.k vkSj izkd`frd lalk/ku
10
i;kZoj.kh; vkanksyu rFkk oSf'od i;kZoj.kh; ekud dk fodklA ijaijkxr rFkk lka>h lEink lacèa kh
la?k"kZA ewyoklh vkSj muds vf/kdkjA oSf'od i;kZoj.k lac/a kh fookn ij Hkkjr dk i{kA
9-- oS'ohdj.k rFkk blds vkykspd
12
vkfFkZd] lkaLd`frd rFkk jktuhfrd izn'kZuA
oS'ohdj.k ds ifj.kkeksa dh izdf` r lac/a kh fookn
oS'ohdj.k fojks/kh vkanksyuA oS'ohdj.k ds dk;Z{ks=k esa Hkkjr rFkk blds fojks/k esa la?k"kZA
Hkkx&[k % Lora=k Hkkjr esa jktuhfr
10-- jk"Vª&fuekZ.k dh pqukSfr;k¡
12
jk"Vª&fuekZ.k ds ckjs esa usg: dh lksp % Hkkjr foHkktu dh iSrd
` lEifÙk % 'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa ds iquLFkkZiu
dh pqukSrh] dk'ehj leL;kA jkT;ksa dk xBu ,oa iquxZBu] Hkk"kk dks ysdj jktuhfrd la?k"kZA
226
11-- ,d ny ds izHkqRo dk nkSj
izFke rhu vke pquko] jk"Vªh; Lrj ij dkaxl
sz ds izHkqRo dh izdf` r] jkT; Lrj ij izHkqRo dh vleryrk]
dkaxl
sz dh xBcU/kurk dh izdf` rA ize[q k foi{kh nyA
12-- fu;ksftr fodkl dh jktuhfr
10
iapo"khZ; ;kstuk,¡] jkT;&{ks=k dh O;kidrk rFkk uohu vkfFkZd fgrksa dk mn~xeA vdky ,oa iapo"khZ;
;kstukvksa dk fuyEcuA gfjr Økafr rFkk blesa jktuhfrd cnykoA
13-- Hkkjr ds fons'k laca/k
usg: dh fons'k uhfrA 1962 dk Hkkjr&phu ;q)] 1965 rFkk 1971 ds Hkkjr&ikd ;q)] Hkkjr dk
ijek.kq&dk;ZØe rFkk fo'o jktuhfr ds cnyrs lehdj.kA
14-- dkaxzsl iz.kkyh % pqukSfr;k¡ vkSj iquLFkkZiuk
usg# ds i'pkr~ jktuhfrd mÙkjkf/kdkjA xSj&dkaxl
sz okn rFkk 1967 ds pquko ifj.kkeksa esa ifjorZu
dh >ydA dkaxl
sz esa foHkktu rFkk iquxZBu] 1971 ds pquko esa dkaxl
sz dh thr] ^xjhch gVkvks* dh
jktuhfrA
15-- laoS/kkfud O;oLFkk dk ladV
ukSdj'kkgh rFkk U;k;ikfydk dh ^izfrc)rk* dh [kkstA xqtjkr esa uofuekZ.k vkanksyu rFkk fcgkj
vkanksyuA vkikrdky % izlxa lao/S kkfud ,oa lao/S kkfud ifjek.k] vkikrdky dk fojksèkA 1977 ds
pquko rFkk turk ikVhZ dk mn;A ukxfjd Lora=krkvksa lac/a kh laxBuksa dk mn~xeA
16-- {ks=kh; vkdka{kk,¡ ,oa la?k"kZ
{ks=kh; nyksa dk mn;A iatkc esa ladV&fLFkfr rFkk 1984 ds fl[k fojks/kh naxAas dk'ehj dh fLFkfrA
mÙkjiwohZ Hkkjr esa pqukSfr;k¡ rFkk izfrfØ;k,¡A
17-- u, lkekftd vkanksyuksa dk mn;
fdlku vkanksyu] efgyk vkanksyu] i;kZoj.k rFkk fodkl&izHkkfor tu vkanksyuA eaMy vk;ksx dh
jiV dk O;ogkjhdj.k rFkk mlds ifj.kkeA
18-- Hkkjrh; jktuhfr esa u, fodkl
1990 esa lgHkkfxrk dk meM+koA turk ny rFkk Hkkjrh; turk ikVhZ dk mn;A {ks=kh; nyksa dh c<+rh
Hkwfedk vkSj xBca/ku dh jktuhfrA jk"Vªh; ekspkZ rFkk jk"Vªh; turkaf=kd ljdkjA
xBca/ku ¼jktx½ pquko 2004 rFkk laixz ljdkjA mÙkjh Hkkjr jktuhfr esa vU; fiNM+k oxZ dk mn;A
pqukoh rFkk xSj pqukoh {ks=kksa esa nfyr jktuhfr@lkainz kf;drk dh pqukSfr;k¡] v;ks/;k fookn] xqtjkr
naxAs
izLrkfor ikB~;iqLrdsa %
1- ledkyhu fo'o jktuhfr, ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh- }kjk izdkf'krA
2- Lora=k Hkkjr esa jktuhfr] ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh- }kjk izdkf'krA
227
10
23- Hkwxksy (dksM la- & 029)
rdkZèkkj
Hkwxksy dks mPprj ekè;fed Lrj ij ,d oSdfYid fo"k; ds :i esa lekfo"V fd;k x;k gSA nl o"kZ
dh lkekU; f'k{kk ds mijkar fo|kFkhZ bl Lrj ds izkjaHk gksus ij fofHkUu 'kk[kkvksa esa c¡V tkrs gSa rFkk igyh
ckj mudk ifjp; fo"k; dh dfBukb;ksa ls gksrk gSA mPprj f'k{kk ds izos'k}kj ij [kM+s fo|kFkhZ viuh 'kSf{kd
#fp;ksa dks c<+kok nsus ds fy, Hkwxksy dks pqurs gSaA blhfy, mUgsa fo"k; dh vfèkd foLr`r vkSj xgu le>
dh vko';drk gksrh gSA vU; fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds fy, HkkSxksfyd Kku nSfud thou esa mi;ksxh gksrk gS] D;ksafd
;g ;qok oxZ dh f'k{kk dk ykHknk;d ekè;e gSA Hkwxksy dk ;ksxnku viuh fo"k;&oLrq laKku izfØ;kvks]a dq'kyrkvksa
vkSj mu ewY;ksa esa fufgr gS] ftudks ;g izkRs lkfgr djrk gSA bl izdkj ;g lalkj ds i;kZoj.kh; vkSj lkekftd
vk;keksa ds vUos"k.k] le> vkSj ewY;kadu esa fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh enn djrk gSA
Hkwxksy yksxksa vkSj muds i;kZoj.k ds varl±cèa kksa dh [kkst djrk gSA blhfy, blesa HkkSfrd vkSj ekuo&i;kZoj.kksa
rFkk LFkkuh;] jkT;@izknsf'kd] jk"Vªh; vkSj oSf'od Lrj ij mudh vU;ksU; fØ;kvksa dks 'kkfey fd;k x;k
gSA vr% èkjkry ij HkkSfrd vkSj ekuoh; y{k.kksa vkSj ifj?kVukvksa ds forj.kkRed izfr:iksa ds fy, ftEesnkj
vkèkkjHkwr fl)kUrksa dks Bhd&Bhd le>uk t+:jh gSA bu fl)kUrksa dk vuqiz;ksx lalkj vkSj Hkkjr ds O;fDr
vè;;uksa ds }kjk fd;k tk,xkA bl izdkj Hkkjr ds HkkSfrd vkSj ekuoh; i;kZoj.k rFkk HkkSxksfyd n`f"V ls
dqN eqnn~ ksa dk vfèkd foLrkj ls vè;;u fd;k tk,xkA fo|kFkhZ HkkSxksfyd vuqlèa kku esa iz;Dq r fofHkUu fofèk;ksa
ls ifjfpr gks tk,axsA
mís';
Hkwxksy dk ikB~;Øe f'k{kkfFkZ;ksa dh fuEufyf[kr esas lgk;rk djsxk %
Hkwxksy dh ikfjHkkf"kd 'kCnkoyh] ewy ladYiukvksa vkSj ewy fl)kUrksa ls ifjfpr djk,xkA
i`Foh ry ds izkÑfrd rFkk ekuoh; y{k.kksa vkSj ifj?kVukvksa ds LFkkfud foU;kl dh izfØ;kvksa
vkSj izfr:iksa dh [kkst igpku rFkk le> iSnk djsxkA
HkkSfrd vkSj ekuoh; i;kZoj.kksa ds varl±caèkksa vkSj muds izHkko dks le>us vkSj fo'ys"k.k djus esa
lgk;d gksxkA
LFkkuh;] izknsf'kd] jk"Vªh; vkSj HkweaMyh; Lrj dh ubZ ifjfLFkfr;ksa ;k leL;kvksa esa HkkSxksfyd Kku
vkSj vUos"k.k dh fofèk;ksa dk iz;ksx djsxkA
vk¡dM+ksa@lwpukvksa ds laxzg] lalkèku vkSj fo'ys"k.k rFkk ekufp=k o vkjs[klfgr fjiksVZ rS;kj djus
vkSj tgk¡ dgha laHko gks] daI;wVj ds mi;ksx ls lacfa èkr HkkSxksfyd dq'kyrkvksa dk fodkl djsxk] vkSj
lekt ls lacafèkr eqn~nksa tSls i;kZoj.kh; eqn~ns lkekftd&vkfFkZd leL;kvksa vkSj L=kh&iq#"k lacaèkh
leL;kvksa ds le>us esa HkkSxksfyd Kku dk mi;ksx djsxk rFkk lekt dk ftEesnkj vkSj izHkkoh
lnL; cus x kA
228
ikB~;Øe dh :ijs[kk
d{kk&
d{kk&11
,d lS)kafrd iz'u iz=k
le; % 3 ?kaVs
iw.kk±d % 70
ihfj;M&
ihfj;M&75
35 va d
bdkbZ&1 % Hkwxksy ,d fo"k; ds :i esa
3
3
bdkbZ&2 % i`Foh
10
5
bdkbZ&3 % Hkw&vkÑfr;ka
18
8
bdkbZ&4 % tyok;q
30
10
bdkbZ&5 % ty ¼egklkxj½
8
4
bdkbZ&6 % i`Foh ij thou
6
3
Hkkx ¼d½ HkkSfrd Hkwxksy ds fl)kar
bdkbZ&7 % ekufp=k dk;Z
2
35 va d
Hkkx ¼[k½ Hkkjr % HkkSfrd i;kZoj.k
bdkbZ&8 % fo"k;&izo's k
3
bdkbZ&9 % Hkw&vkÑfr foKku
10
bdkbZ&10 % tyok;q] ouLifr vkSj e`nk
10
bdkbZ&11 % izkÑfrd ladV vkSj foink,a
9
bdkbZ&12 % ekufp=k dk;Z
3
30 vad
Hkkx ¼x½ izk;ksfxd dk;Z
bdkbZ&1 % ekufp=kksa ds fl)kar
10
bdkbZ&2 % LFkykÑfrd vkSj ekSle ekufp=k
15
bdkbZ&3 % izk;ksfxd vfHkys[k iqfLrdk vkSj ekSf[kd ijh{kk
5
Hkkx (d) HkkSfrd Hkwxksy ds fl¼kar
75 ihfj;M
bdkbZ&1 % Hkwxksy] ,d fo"k; ds :i esa
3 ihfj;M
Hkwxksy ,d la;kstd vkSj LFkkfud fo'ks"krkvksa ds foKku ds :i esAa
Hkwxksy dh 'kk[kk,a] HkkSfrd Hkwxksy dk egRoA
bdkbZ&2 % i`Foh
10 ihfj;M
i`Foh dh mRifÙk vkSj fodkl] i`Foh dk vH;arj] oSxuj dk egk}hih; foLFkkiu fl)kar vkSj IysV foorZfudh]
Hkwdia vkSj Tokykeq[khA
229
bdkbZ&3 % Hkw&vkÑfr;ka
18 ihfj;M
'kSy % 'kSyksa ds izeq[k izdkj vkSj mudh fo'ks"krk,a] Hkw&vkÑfr;ka vkSj mudk fodkl]
Hkw&vkÑfrd izØe % vi{k;] c`gr~ {kj.k] vijnu vkSj fu{ksi.k] e`nk&jpukA
bdkbZ&4 % tyok;q
30 ihfj;M
ok;qeMa y&la?kVu vkSj lajpuk] ekSle vkSj tyok;q ds rRoA
lw;kZri vkiru&dks.k vkSj forj.k] i`Foh dk Å"ek ctV ok;qeMa y dk rkieku vkSj 'khryu ¼pkyu] laogu]
ikfFkZo fofdj.k vkSj vfHkogu½] rkieku] rkieku fu;a=kd dkjd] rkieku dk forj.k] {kSfrt vkSj ÅèokZèkj]
rkieku dk O;qRØe.kA
ok;qeMa yh; nkc ok;qnkc dfVcaèk] ious]a HkweMa yh; ekSleh] LFkkuh;] ok;qjkf'k;ksa vkSj okrkxz] m".kdfVcaèkh;
rFkk cfg#".k dfVcaèkh; pØokrA
o"kZ.k ok"ihdj.k] la?kuu vksl] rq"kkj] dqgjk] dqgklk vkSj ckny] o"kkZ izdkj vkSj fo'o esa forj.kA
fo'o dh tyok;q oxhZdj.k ¼dksius ½] ikSèk?kj izHkko] HkweMa yh; rkiu vkSj tyok;oh ifjorZuA
bdkbZ&5 % ty ¼egklkxj½
¼8 ihfj;M½
tyh; pØ
egklkxj rkieku vkSj yo.krk dk forj.k] egklkxjh; ty dh xfr;k¡&rjax]as Tokj&HkkVk vkSj èkkjk,a] var%leqnhz
mPpkopA
bdkbZ&6 % i`Foh ij thou
¼6 ihfj;M½
thoeaMy&ikniksa vkSj vU; thoksa dk egRo] tSo fofoèkrk rFkk laj{k.k] ikfjra=k vkSj ikfjfLFkfrd lary
q u
bdkbZ&7 % fo'o ds jktuhfrd js[kk ekufp=k esa Åij nh xbZ bdkb;ksa ij vk/kkfjr y{k.kksa dh igpku dk ekufp=kr
dk;Z
Hkkx ([k) Hkkjr HkkSfrd i;kZoj.k
65 ihfj;M
bdkbZ&8 % fo"k;&izos'k
¼3 ihfj;M½
fLFkfr LFkkfud lacèa k vkSj Hkkjr dk fo'o esa LFkkuA
bdkbZ&9 % Hkw&vkÑfr foKku
¼3 ihfj;M½
¼24 ihfj;M½
lajpuk vkSj mPpkop
viokg ra=k] tyfoHkktd@tylaHkj dh ladYiuk]
fgeky;h vkSj izk;%}hih;]
Hkw&vkÑfrd foHkkx
bdkbZ&10 % tyok;q] ouLifr vkSj e`nk
24 ihfj;M
ekSle vkSj tyok;q rkieku dk LFkkfud vkSj dkfyd forj.k] ok;qnkc] iousa vkSj o"kkZ] Hkkjrh; ekulwu]
jpukra=k] vkxe vkSj izR;korZu] o"kkZ dh ifjofrZrk] LFkkfud vkSj dkfyd] tyok;q ds izdkj ¼dksius ½
230
izkÑfrd ouLifr] ouksa ds izdkj vkSj forj.k] oU; thou] laj{k.k] thoeaMy vkjf{kr {ks=kA
e`nk ize[q k izdkj ¼vkbZ-lh-,-vkj- vFkkZr~ Hkkjrh; Ñf"k vuqlèa kku ifj"kn }kjk fd;k x;k oxhZdj.k½ vkSj
mudk forj.k] e`nk dk fuEuhdj.k vkSj laj{k.kA
bdkbZ&11 % izkÑfrd ladV vkSj foink,a % dkj.k] ifj.kke vkSj izcaèku ¼izR;sd izdj.k ¼Vkfid½ ds fy, ,d
O;fDr vè;;u dk fuèkkZj.k½
16 ihfj;M
ck<+ vkSj lw[kk
Hkwdia vkSj lqukeh
pØokr
Hkw&L[kyu
bdkbZ&12 % ekufp=k dk;Z Hkkjr ds jktuhfrd js[kk&ekufp=k esa Åij nh xbZ bdkb;ksa ij vkèkkfjr y{k.kksa
dk LFkku fuèkkZj.k rFkk vkSj ukekadu lacèa kh ekufp=k dk;ZA
Hkkx (x) izk;ksfxd dk;Z
(40 ihfj;M)
bdkbZ&1 % ekufp=kksa ds fl)kar
¼ 12 ihfj;M½
ekufp=k izdkj] ekiuh&izdkj] lkèkkj.k jSf[kd ekiuh dh jpuk] nwjh ekiu] fn'kk vUos"k.k vkSj izrhdksa ¼fpUgks½a
dk mi;ksxA
ekufp=k iz{ksi iz:irk] iz{ksiksa dh jpuk vkSj xq.k] ,d ekud v{kka'k 'kkad o iz{ksi vkSj edsVZ j dk iz{ksi
bdkbZ&2 % LFkykÑfrd vkSj ekSle ekufp=k
¼ 28 ihfj;M½
LFkykÑfrd ekufp=kksa dk vè;;u ¼1 % 50]000 ;k 1 % 25000 ekiuh ij fufeZr Hkkjrh; los{Z k.k foHkkx
}kjk izdkf'kr ekufp=k½ leksPp js[kk,a vkSj vuqiLz Fk dkV vkSj Hkw&vkÑfr;ksa dh igpku] <ky] igkM+h] ?kkVh]
ty&izikr] Hk`x]q cfLr;ksa dk forj.kA
ok;o QksVks % izdkj vkSj T;kferh ÅèokZèkj ok;o QksVks] ekufp=kksa vkSj ok;o QksVks esa vUrj] QksVks dh ekiuh
fuèkkZj.kA
mixzg fp=k % lqnjw laons u esa voLFkk,a vkadM+k ¼MsVk½ vtZu] IysVQkeZ vkSj laons d rFkk vkadM+k mRikn ¼izkMs DV½]
¼QksVksxkz Qh; vkSj vadh;½
ok;o QksVks vkSj mixzg fp=kksa ls HkkSfrd vkSj lkaLÑfrd y{k.kksa dh igpku]
ekSle midj.kksa dk mi;ksx] rkiekih] 'kq"dknZ cYc rkiekih] ok;qnkc ekih] okr&fnXn'khZ] o"kkZ ekih
ekSle pkVks± dk mi;ksx] ok;qnkc] iou vkSj o"kkZ ds forj.k dk o.kZu djukA
bdkbZ&3 % izk;ksfxd vfHkys[k iqfLrdk vkSj ekSf[kd ijh{kkA
izLrkfor
123-
ikB~;iqLrdsa %
HkkSfrd Hkwxksy ds ewy fl}kar] ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh- }kjk izdkf'krA
Hkkjr % HkkSfrd i;kZoj.k] ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh- }kjk izdkf'krA
Hkwxksy esa izk;ksfxd dk;Z] ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh- }kjk izdkf'krA
231
ikB~;Øe dh :ijs[kk
d{kk&
d{kk&12
,d lS)kafrd iz'u iz=k
le; % 3 ?kaVs
iw.kk±d % 70
35 va d
¼d½ ekuo Hkwxksy ds fl)kUr
bdkbZ&1 % ekuo Hkwxksy
3
bdkbZ&2 % yksx
5
bdkbZ&3 % ekuo fØ;kdyki
10
bdkbZ&4 % ifjogu] lapkj vkSj O;kikj
10
bdkbZ&5 % ekuo cfLr;ka
5
bdkbZ&6 % ekufp=k dk;Z
2
35 va d
¼[k½ Hkkjr % yksx vkSj vFkZO;oLFkk
bdkbZ&7 % yksx
5
bdkbZ&8 % ekuo cfLr;ka
4
bdkbZ&9 % lalkèku vkSj fodkl
12
bdkbZ&10 % ifjogu] lapkj vkSj varjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj
7
bdkbZ&11 % HkkSxksfyd ifjiz{s ; esa p;fur eqnn~ s vkSj leL;k,a
4
bdkbZ&12 % ekufp=k dk;Z
3
30 va d
¼x½ izk;ksfxd dk;Z
bdkbZ&1 % vk¡dM+kas dk lalkèku vkSj fFkeSfVd ¼fo"k;d½ ekufp=k.k
15
bdkbZ&2 % {ks=k&vè;;u ;k LFkkfud lwpuk izk|
S ksfxdh
10
bdkbZ&3 % izk;ksfxd vfHkys[k iqfLrdk vkSj ekSf[kd ijh{kk
5
(d) ekuo Hkwxksy ds fl¼kar
70 ihfj;M
bdkbZ&1 % ekuo Hkwxksy Lo:i vkSj fo"k;&{ks=k
3 ihfj;M
bdkbZ&2 % yksx
15 ihfj;M
tula[;k forj.k] ?kuRo vkSj o`f)A
tula[;k ifjorZu LFkkfud izfr:i vkSj lajpuk] tula[;k ifjorZu ds fuèkkZjdA
vk;q] L=kh&iq#"k vuqikr] xzkeh.k&uxjh; la?kVuA
ekuo fodkl&ladYiuk] p;fur ladVs d] varjkZ"Vªh; rqyuk,aA
232
bdkbZ&3 % ekuo fØ;kdyki
¼ 25 ihfj;M½
izkFkfed fØ;kdyki ladYiuk vkSj cnyrh izof` Ùk;ka] laxgz .k i'kqpkj.k] [kuu] fuokZg Ñf"k] vkèkqfud Ñf"k]
Ñf"k vkSj lac) fØ;kdykiksa esa dk;Zjr yksx p;fur ns'kksa ls dqN mnkgj.kA
f}rh;d fØ;kdyki ladYiuk] fuekZ.k m|ksx] izdkj dqVhj] NksVs iSekus ds] cM+s iSekus ds] Ñf"k
vkèkkfjr rFkk [kfut vkèkkfjr m|ksx] f}rh;d fØ;kdykiksa esa dk;Zjr yksx] p;fur ns'kksa ls dqN
mnkgj.kA
r`rh;d fØ;kdyki ladYiuk] O;kikj] ifjogu vkSj lapkj] lsok,a] r`rh;d fØ;kdykiksa esa dk;Zjr
yksx] p;fur ns'kksa ls dqN mnkgj.kA
prqFkZd fØ;kdyki ladYiuk] Kku&vkèkkfjr m|ksx] prqFkZd fØ;kdykiksa esa dk;Zjr yksx] p;fur
ns'kksa ls dqN mnkgj.kA
bdkbZ &4 % ifjogu] lapkj vkSj O;kikj
LFky ifjogu
19 ihfj;M
lM+dsa] jsyekxZ] ikj&egk}hih;] jsyekxZA
ty ifjogu
var%LFkyh; tyekxZ] izeq[k egklkxjh; ekxZA
ok;q ifjogu
vareZgk}hih; ok;qekxZA
rsy vkSj xSl ikbi ykbusaA
mixzg lapkj vkSj lkbcj LislA
varjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj vkèkkj vkSj cnyrs izfr:i] varjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj ds izo's k ds :i esa iÙku] varjkZ"Vªh;
O;kikj esa MCY;w- Vh- vks- ¼fo'o O;kikj laxBu½ dh HkwfedkA
bdkbZ&5 % ekuo cfLr;ka
8 ihfj;M
cfLr;ksa ds izdkj xzzkeh.k vkSj uxjh;] uxjksa dh vkdkfjdh ¼O;fDr vè;;u½ egkuxjksa dk forj.k]
fodkl'khy ns'kksa esa ekuo cfLr;ksa dh leL;k,aA
bdkbZ & 6
fo'o ds jktuhfrd js[kk ekufp=k esa Åij nh xbZ bdkb;ksa ij vkèkkfjr y{k.kksa dh igpku dk ekufp=k
dk;Z A
Hkkx ([k) Hkkjr % yksx vkSj vFkZO;oLFkk
70 ihfj;M
bdkbZ &7 % yks x
12 ihfj;M
tula[;k % forj.k] ?kuro vkSj o`f)] tula[;k dk la?kVu&Hkk"kkbZ] èkkfeZd] L=kh&iq#"k vuqikr]
xzkeh.k&uxjh; vkSj O;kolkf;d] le; vkSj izknsf'kd fofHkUurkvksa ds vuqlkj tula[;k ifjorZuA
okl % varjkZ"Vªh;] jk"Vªh;&dkj.k vkSj ifj.kke]
ekuo fodkl % p;fur ladsrd vkSj izknsf'kd izfr:iA
tula[;k] i;kZoj.k vkSj fodklA
233
bdkbZ&8 % ekuo cfLr;ka
8 ihfj;M
xzkeh.k cfLr;ka izdkj vkSj forj.k]
uxjh; cfLr;ka izdkj] forj.k vkSj izdk;kZRed oxhZdj.k
bdkbZ&9 % lalkèku vkSj fodkl
28 ihfj;M
Hkwfe&lalkèku lkekU; Hkwfe mi;ksx] Ñf"k&Hkwfe mi;ksx] ize[q k Qlyksa dk forj.k ¼xsg]¡w pkoy] pk;] dkQh]
dikl] twV] xUuk vkSj jcM+½ Ñf"k&fodkl vkSj leL;k,aA
ty lalkèku miyCèkrk vkSj mi;ksx flapkbZ] vkS|ksfxd rFkk vU; mi;ksx] HkkSxksfyd n'kk, ,oa ty dk
vHkko vkSj laj{k.k dh fofèk;ka] o"kkZ ty laxgz .k vkSj tylaHkkj izcèa ku ¼ty laHkj izcèa ku esa Hkkxhnkjh ls
lac) ,d O;fDr ¼dslLVMh½ vè;;u dks 'kkfey fd;k tk,A½
[kfut vkSj ÅtkZ lalkèku % èkkfRod ¼ykSg&v;Ld] rkack] ckWDlkbV] eSxuht½ rFkk vkèkkfRod ¼vHkzd] ued½
[kfutksa dk forj.k] ijaijkxr ¼dks;yk] isVkª fs y;e] izkÑfrd xSl vkSj ty&fo|qr½ rFkk xSj&ijaijkxr ¼lkSj]
iou] ck;ksxl
s ÅtkZ lalkèkuA½
m|ksx % izdkj] vkS|ksfxd vofLFkfr ,oa mudk laj{k.k p;fur m|ksxksa dk forj.k vkSj cnyrs izfr:i yksgk
vkSj bLikr] lwrh oL=k] phuh] isVkª &s jlk;u vkSj Kku vkèkkfjr m|ksx] vkS|ksfxd vofLFkfr ij mnkjhdj.k]
futhdj.k vkSj HkweMa yhdj.k dk izHkko] vkS|ksfxd lady
q A
Hkkjr esa fu;kstu y{; {ks=k fu;kstu ¼O;fDr vè;;u½] èkkj.kh; lrr iks"k.kh; fodkl dk fopkjA
bdkbZ&10 % ifjogu] lapkj vkSj varjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj
12 ihfj;M
ifjogu vkSj lapkj lM+d]a jsyekxZ] tyekxZ vkSj ok;q ekxZ] rsy vkSj xSl ikbi ykbus]a jk"Vªh; fo|qr fxzM]
lapkj tky jsfM;ks] nwjn'kZu] mixzg vkSj baVjusVA
varjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj Hkkjr ds fons'kh O;kikj ds cnyrs izfr:i] leqnhz iÙku vkSj muds i`"B izn's k rFkk ok;q
iÙkuA
bdkbZ&11 % HkkSxksfyd ifjizs{; esa p;fur eqn~nksa vkSj leL;k ¼izR;sd izdj.k ¼VkWfid½ ij ,d O;fDr vè;;u
'kkfey fd;k tk,½
10 ihfj;M
i;kZ o j.k iz n w " k.k] uxjh;&dpjk fuiVku
uxjhdj.k xzkeh.k&uxjh; izokl] xanh cLrh dh leL;k,¡A
Hkw&fuEuhdj.k
bdkbZ&12 % ekufp=k dk;Z
Hkkjr ds jktuhfrd js[kkekufp=k esa Åij nh xbZ bdkb;ksa ij vkèkkfjr y{k.kksa dk LFkku fuèkkZj.k vkSj ukekadu
lacèa kh ekufp=k dk;ZA
3 vad
Hkkx (x) izk;ksfxd dk;Z
bdkbZ&1 % vk¡dM+ksa dk lalkèku vkSj fFkeSfVd ¼fo"k;d½ ekufp=k.k
vk¡dM+kas ds òksr
234
¼20 ihfj;M½
vk¡dM+kas dk lkj.kh;u vkSj lalkèku] vkSlr dh x.kuk dsUnzh; izof` Ùk dh eki] vkSj dksfV lglacèa kA
vk¡dM+kas dk fu:i.k] vkjs[kksa dh jpuk] naM] o`Ùk vkSj izokg&lafp=k] fFkeSfVd ¼fo"k;d½ ekufp=k] fcanq] o.kZek=kh
vkSj leeku js[kk ekufp=kksa dh jpukA
vk¡dM+kas ds lalkèku vkSj ekufp=k.k esa daI;wVjksa dk mi;ksxA
bdkbZ&2 % {ks=k vè;;u vkSj LFkkfud lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh
10 ihfj;M
{ks=k fujh{k.k vkSj vè;;u % ekufp=k vuqLFkkiu] iz{s k.k vkSj Ldsp cukuk] fdlh ,d LFkkuh; eqnn~ s dk los{Z k.k]
izn"w k.k] HkkSe ty esa ifjorZu] Hkwfe mi;ksx vkSj Hkwfe mi;ksx esa ifjorZu] fuèkZurk] ÅtkZ ds eqnn~ ]s e`nk fuEuehdj.k]
ck<+kas vkSj lw[ks dk izHkko] fo|ky; dk Nk=k&xzg.k {ks=k] cktkj dk los{Z k.k vkSj ?kjsyw los{Z k.k ¼vè;;u ds fy, fdlh
Hkh LFkkuh; leL;k ls tqM+s izdj.k ¼VkWfid½ dks fy;k tk ldrk gSA vk¡dM+kas ds laxgz .k ds fy, iz{s k.k vkSj iz'ukoyh
}kjk los{Z k.k dks pquk tk ldrk gS] laxgz hr vk¡dM+kas dk vkjs[k vkSj ekufp=kksa ds lkFk lkj.kh;u vkSj fo'ys"k.k fd;k
tk ldrk gSA
;k
LFkkfud lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh
HkkSxksfyd lwpuk ra=k ¼th-vkbZ-,l½ ls ifjp;] ;a=k lkexzh vko';drk,a vkSj izfØ;k lkexzh dk izfr:id] vk¡dM+k
la:i] js[kkiqt
a ¼jSLVj½ vkSj lfn'k ¼oSDVj½ vk¡dM+]s vk¡dM+k] fuos'k] laiknu vkSj lafLFkfr fuekZ.k] vk¡dM+kas dk fo'ys"k.k
mifj'k;u vkSj p;d ¼cQj½A
izLrkfor ikB~;iqLrdsa %
1- ekuo Hkwxksy ds ewy fl}kar] ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh- }kjk izdkf'krA
2- Hkkjr &yksx vkSj vFkZO;oLFkk] ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh- }kjk izdkf'krA
3- Hkwxksy esa izk;ksxkRed dk;Z Hkkx-II, ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh- }kjk izdkf'krA
235
24- euksfoKku (dksM ua- 037)
Ldwyh f'k{kk ds mPprj ekè;fed Lrj ij euksfoKku dks ,d oSdfYid fo"k; ds :i esa 'kkfey fd;k x;k gSA
,d vè;;u {ks=k ds :i esa euksfoKku euq"; ds vuqHkoks]a O;ogkjksa vkSj ekufld izfØ;kvksa dk lkekftd&lkaLÑfrd
rFkk lkekftd&,sfrgkfld lanHkZ esa vè;;u djrk gSA bl ikB~;Øe dk mís'; fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks euksfoKku ds ewyHkwr fopkjks]a
fl)kUrksa rFkk fofèk;ksa ls ifjfpr djkuk gS rkfd os vius dks rFkk vius lkekftd ifjos'k dks vPNh rjg ls le>
ldsAa bls blesa {ks=kksa ds Kku rFkk le> dks Lor% fodflr djus ds fy, vko';d tkudkjh rFkk #fp iSnk djus ij
cy fd;k x;k gSA
;g ikB~;Øe lanHkZ esa LFkkfir euksoK
S kfud Kku vkSj izfØ;kvksa ls lacfa èkr gSA blessa O;ogkj dh izfØ;k dh tfVyrk
ij tksj fn;k x;k gS rFkk ljyhÑr dk;Z&dkj.k lksp dks grksRlkfgr fd;k x;k gSA ;g lc vkykspukRed fpUru dks
izkRs lkfgr dj lkaLÑfrd O;ogkj esa Hkwfedk dks le>k dj dh rFkk ;g crkdj fd nSfgd izfØ;k vkSj vuqHko O;ogkj
dks fdl rjg fuèkkZfjr djrs gSAa ;g ikB~;Øe futh cks/k dks fodflr djus ds lkFk n`f"Vdks.kksa dh cgqyrk ij Hkh è;ku
nsrk gSA
;g mfpr gksxk gS fd i<+kus lh[kus ds Øe esa fo|kFkhZ viuh le> dks Lo;a fodflr djsAa blfy, euksfoKku
dh i<+kbZ O;fDr&o`Ùk vè;;u] dFkk,¡] vuqHko ij vkèkkfjr vH;kl] fnu&izfrfnu ds lkekU; vuqHkoksa ds fo'ys"k.k ij
vkèkkfjr gksuh pkfg,A
ikB~;Øe dks lqèkkjus vkSj v|ru djus dk ;g iz;kl f'k{kdksa rFkk fo|kfFkZ;ksa ls izkIr lq>koksa ij vkèkkfjr
gSA blds lkFk&lkFk ikB~;Øe dk cks>] varuqZ'kklukRed mikxe] fyax xr lekurk lacafèkr eqn~nksa] fof'k"V ,oa
gkf'k, ij cls lewgksa vkSj 'kkafr vkSj i;kZoj.k dh fpark vkSj ukxfjdrk ds ewY;ksa dks iSnk djuk Hkh bldk mís';
gSA
mís';
fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds fudVLFk lekt vkSj okrkoj.k ds lanHkZ esa ekuo O;ogkj rFkk eu dk cksèk fodflr djukA
thou ds fofHkUu igyqvksa esa euksoK
S kfud Kku vkSj blds vuqi;z ksx dh vuq'kklukRed izÑfr ds fy, fo|kfFkZ;ksa
esa #fp txkukA
fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks iz[kj n`f"V&lEiUu] lkekftd :i ls tkx:d rFkk vkRekoyksduijd cukukA
fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks Lo;a ds fodkl rFkk izHkkoh cuus dh ftKklk iSnk djuk rFkk laons u'khy rFkk mÙkjnk;h ukxfjd
cuus esa enn djukA
236
ikB~;Øe dh :ijs[kk
d{kk&
d{kk&11
,d lS)kafrd i=k
le; % 3 ?kaVs
bdkbZ
vad % 70
va d
euksfoKku ds vk/kkj
I.
euksfoKku dk ifjp;
08
II.
euksfoKku dh fofèk;k¡
09
III.
ekuoO;ogkj ds vkèkkj
08
IV
ekuo&fodkl
07
V.
lkaofs nd vkSj izkR;kf{kd izfØ;k,¡
08
VI.
lh[kuk
08
VII.
ekuo&Le`fr
08
VIII.
Hkk"kk vkSj fpUru
07
IX.
vfHkizjs .kk vkSj laoxs
07
30
izk;ksfxd dk;Z ¼izkt
W Ds V] iz;ksx] y?kq vè;;u½
euksfoKku ds vk/kj
(90 ihfj;M)
bdkbZ&I % euksfoKku dk ifjp;
16 ihfj;M
;g bdkbZ euksfoKku dks ,d vuq'kklu ds :i esa blds vuqi;z ksx ,oa bldk vU; oSKkfud fo"k;ksa ds lkFk lacèa k
dks mi;qDr rFkk jkspd mnkgj.kksa rFkk nSfud thou ds vuqHkoksa ds fo'ys"k.k ds ekè;e ls le>us esa lgk;d gksxkA
euksfoKku dh izÑfr] ewy voèkkj.kk,¡ % O;fDr] psruk] O;ogkj vkSj vuqHko] euksoK
S kfud fo'ks"krkvksa esa lekurk,¡
,oa fHkUurk,¡] euksfoKku dk ,d vuq'kklu ds :i esa fodkl] Hkkjr esa euksfoKku dk fodkl] euksfoKku vkSj vU;
vuq'kklu] fofHkUu euksoK
S kfud izfØ;kvksa ds ikjLifjd lacèa kA
bdkbZ&II. % euksfoKku dh izfofèk;k¡
20 ihfj;M
bl ,dd dk mís'; ikBdksa dks euksoK
S kfud iz'uksa rFkk eqnn~ ksa dk vè;;u djus o le>us dh izfofèk;ksa
djkuk gSA
euksoSKkfud xos"k.kk dk y{;] dqN egRoiw.kZ fofèk;k¡ % izs{k.k uSlfxZd] izk;ksfxd] lglacaèkd
lk{kkRdkj] O;fDr vè;;u( euksoSKkfud midj.k ijh{k.k] iz'ukofy;k¡ rFkk miLdj % vk¡dM+ksa dk
% dsUnzh; izo`fÙk ds ukiksa dh voèkkj.kk rFkk x.kukA vk¡dM+ksa dh jSf[kd izLrqfr % ckj] fgLVksxzke]
euksoSKkfud izfØ;kvksa ds vè;;u esa uSfrd eqn~nsA
237
ls ifjp;
vè;;u]
fo'ys"k.k
ikyhxu]
bdkbZ&III % ekuo O;ogkj dk vkèkkj
8 ihfj;M
bl ,dd esa ekuo O;ogkj rFkk vuqHkoksa dks fuèkkZfjr djus okys tSfod vkSj lkekftd&lkaLd`frd dkjdksa ij dsfUnzr
fd;k x;k gSA ekuo O;ogkj ij fodkloknh n`f"Vdks.k] tSfod vkSj lkaLÑfrd vkèkkj] raf=kdk ra=k vkSj var%lzkoh ra=k
lajpuk dk vuqHko vkSj O;ogkj ds lkFk lacèa k] efLr"d vkSj O;ogkj esa raf=kdk la?kVdksa dh Hkwfedk] funzk vkSj tkx`fr
dh voLFkk] O;ogkj ds vkuqokaf'kd vkèkkj] laLÑfr vkSj ekuo&O;ogkj] lekthdj.k] viuh laLÑfr dks vkRelkr djuk
rFkk nwljh laLÑfr dk vaxhdkj] oS'ohdj.k] fofoèkrk vkSj Hkkjrh; lanHkZ esa cgqyrkA
bdkbZ&IV % ekuo fodkl
16 ihfj;M
;g bdkbZ fodkl esa fHkUurk rFkk thou foLrkj esa fodklkRed laÑR; ls lEcfUèkr gSA
fodkl dk rkRi;Z] fodkl dks izHkkfor djus okys dkjd] fodkl ds fofoèk lanHkZ] fodklkRed voLFkkvksa dk
fogaxekoyksdu] xHkkZoLFkk esa fodkl] 'kS'kokLFkk] ckY;koLFkk] fd'kksjkoLFkk ¼fo'ks"kr%] vfLerk] LokLF; vkSj lkekftd
izfrHkkfxrk ds iz'u½] izk<S +koLFkk vkSj o`)koLFkkA
bdkbZ&V % lkaosfnd vkSj izkR;kf{kd izfØ;k,¡
16 ihfj;M
;g bdkbZ fofHkUu lkaofs nd míhidksa dks xzg.k djus] è;ku nsus rFkk mUgsa vFkZ iznku djus dh izfØ;k dks le>us
ij dsfUnzr gSA lalkj dks le>uk] míhidksa dh izÑfr] KkusfUnz;ksa dh izÑfr vkSj dk;Z&iz.kkyh] lkaofs nd vuqdy
w u] è;ku
% izÑfr vkSj fuèkkZjd] p;ukRed rFkk lrr è;ku] izR;k{kkRed laxBu ds fu;e] drkZ dh fo'ks"krkvksa dk izR;{khdj.k
esa Hkwfedk] iSVuZ dh igpku] izR;{kkRed xkspj % i'pkr~ izfrHkk,¡] fnd~&izR;{k] izkR;f{kd LdS;]Z Hkze] O;fDr izR;{khdj.k]
izR;{khdj.k ij lkekftd&lkaLÑfrd izHkkoA
bdkbZ&VI % lh[kuk
20 ihfj;M
bl bdkbZ esa u, O;ogkjksa dks lh[kus rFkk O;ogkj esa ifjorZu ij è;ku fn;k x;k gSA lh[kus dh izÑfr rFkk lh[kus
dk oØ % lh[kus ds izk:i] Dykfldh vkSj uSfefÙkd vuqc/a ku] iz{s k.kkRed lh[kuk] laKkukRed lh[kuk] okfpd lh[kus]
lizr;; dk lh[kuk] dkS'kyksa dks lh[kuk] lh[kus esa lgk;d rRo] lh[kus dk varj.k% izdkj vkSj vuqi;z ksxA lh[kus dh
'kSfy;k¡] lh[kus dh v;ksX;rk] lh[kus ds fl)kUrksa ds dqN vuqi;z ksxA
bdkbZ&VII % ekuo Le`fr
20 ihfj;M
;g bdkbZ lwpuk ds xzg.k] èkkj.k djus] iqu%izkfIr rFkk yksi ls lEc) gSA Le`fr&o`f) rjhdksa ds ckjs esa blessa foospu
fd;k tk,xkA
Le`fr dh izÑfr] lwpuk lalkèku] mikxe] lalkèku ds Lrj] Le`fr iz.kkfy;k¡ lkaofs nd Le`fr] vYidkfyd Le`fr] nh?kZdkfyd
Le`fr] Kku dk izfrfufèkRo] Le`fr dk laxBu] jpukRed izfØ;k ds :i esa Le`fr( foLej.k dh izÑfr rFkk dkj.k( Le`fr
dks c<+kuk] Le`fr ls tqM+h foÑfr;k¡A
bdkbZ&VIII % Hkk"kk vkSj fpUru
20 ihfj;M
bl bdkbZ dk lacèa k fparu rFkk vU; lEc) izfØ;k,¡ tSls fd rdZ djus] leL;k lekèkku] fu.kZ; ysus vkSj ltZukRed
fparu ls gSA bldk ljksdkj Hkk"kh vkSj fopkj ds lacèa k ls Hkh gSA
238
fparu vkSj Hkk"kk % izÑfr vkSj var%lacèa k] laKkukRed fodkl dh voLFkk,¡ % fi;kts] ok;xkWVL~ dh rFkk lwpuk lalkèku
mikxe dk ifjp;] Hkk"kk rFkk Hkk"kk iz;ksx dk fodkl] rdZuk] leL;k lekèkku] fu.kZ;] ltZukRed fparu % izÑfr] izfØ;k
,oa fodklA
bdkbZ&IX % vfHkizsj.k ,oa laosx
18 ihfj;M
;g bdkbZ ekuo D;ksa O;ogkj djrk gS] bl iz'u ls tqM+k gSA ekuo fdl rjg ls ldkjkRed ,oa udkjkRed ?kVukvksa
dk lkeuk djrk gS] ;g Hkh bl bdkbZ dk fo"k; gSA ekuo vfLrRo vkSj vfHkizjs .k dh izÑfr] tSfod vko';drk,¡]
lkekftd vkSj euksoK
S kfud izjs d % miyfCèk] lacèa ku vkSj 'kfDr] ekWLyks dh vko';drkvksa dk ijkuqØe] uohu laiRz ;;
% l{kerk] vkRe izHkkfodrk] vkarfjd vfHkizjs .k % laoxs dh izÑfr] laoxs ds 'kkjhfjd@tSfod laKkukRed rFkk lkaLÑfrd
vkèkkj] laoxs dk izdVu] ldkjkRed laoxs ] [kq'kh] vk'kkokfnrk] lekuqHkwfr] ÑrKrk] ldkjkRed laoxs ksa dk fodkl] Øksèk
vkSj Hk; tSls udkjkRed laoxs ksa dk izcèa kuA
izk;ksfxd dk;Z (ifj;kstuk (izkt
s Ds V)] iz;ksx (,DlisfjesVa )] y?kq vè;;u bR;kfn)
60 ihfj;M
fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks ,d ifj;kstuk rFkk ,d iz;ksx djus gksxa As izkt
s Ds V djus esa vuqlèa kku dh izfofèk;k¡ rFkk lacfa èkr
dkS'ky 'kkfey gSA izk;ksfxd dk;Z eas iz;ksx djuk rFkk y?kq vè;;u 'kkfey gksxa s tks fd ikB~;Øe ds fo"k;ksa ls lacfa èkr
gSA ¼;Fkk] ekuo fodkl] lh[kuk] Le`fr] vfHkizjs .k] izR;{khdj.k] è;ku rFkk fparu½
(i)
iz;ksxkRed Qkby
05 vad
(ii)
ifj;kstuk Qkby
05 vad
(iii)
ekSf[kd ijh{kk ¼ifj;kstuk ,oa iz;ksx½
05 vad
(iii) ,d
iz;ksx % ¼5 vad iz;ksx djus ds fy, vkSj 10
vad fjiksVZ ds fy,½
izLrkfor ikB~;iqLrdsa %
1- euksfoKku dk ifjp;] ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh- }kjk izdkf'krA
239
15 vad
ikB~;Øe dh :ijs[kk
d{kk&
d{kk&12
,d lS)kafrd i=k
bdkbZ vuqlkj vadHkkj
le; % 3 ?kaVs
bdkbZ
vad % 70
va d
I.
cqf) vkSj vfHk{kerk
09
II.
Lo vkSj O;fDrRo
10
III.
ekuoh; {kerk,¡ rFkk vkSj thou pqukSfr;ksa dk lkeuk
07
IV
euksoK
S kfud fodkj
10
V.
fpfdRlkRed ds mikxe rFkk ijke'kZ
07
VI.
vfHko`fÙk vkSj lkekftd laKku
08
VII.
lkekftd izHkko vkSj lewg izfØ;k,¡
07
VIII.
i;kZoj.kh; vkSj lkekftd ljksdkj
06
IX.
vuqi;z qDr euksfoKku
06
izk;ksfxd dk;Z ¼euksoK
S kfud ijh{k.k] dsl izkQ
s kby½
30 vad
euksfoKku Lo vkSj lekt
bdkbZ&I. % cqf¼ vkSj vfHk{kerk
20 ihfj;M
bl bdkbZ dk mís'; ;g vè;;u djuk gS fd yksx fdl rjg cqf) vkSj vfHk{kerk ds {ks=k esa ,d nwljs ls
fHkUu gksrs gSAa
cqf) esa oS;fDrd fHkUurk % cqf) ds fl)kUr] laLÑfr vkSj cqf)] lkaofs xd cqf)( vfHk{kerk izÑfr vkSj izdkj]
euksoK
S kfud xq.kksa dk ewY;kaduA
bdkbZ&II. % Lo vkSj O;fDrRo
24 ihfj;M
;g bdkbZ Lo vkSj O;fDrRo ds fofHkUu mikxeksa ds lanHkZ esa vè;;u ij dsfUnzr gSA lkFk gh O;fDrRo ds
ewY;kadu dk Hkh foospu fd;k tk,xkA
Lo ds fofoèk i{k % vkRexkSjo vkSj vkRe fu;eu] laLÑfr vkSj Lo] O;fDrRo % laiRz ;;] O;fDrRo vè;;u
ds mikxe] izdkj vkSj 'khyxq.k] euksxR;kred] ekuooknh] O;ogkjoknh vkSj lkaLÑfrd] O;fDrRo dk ewY;kadu
% vkRe izfrosnukRed ekid] O;ogkj fo'ys"k.k] vkSj iz{ksih ekidA
bdkbZ&III. ekuoh; {kerk,¡ vkSj thou dh pqukSfr;ksa dk lkeuk
14 ihfj;M
bl bdkbZ dk lacaèk ruko dh izÑfr rFkk ruko ds izfr vuqfØ;k dk O;fDr }kjk ruko ds ewY;kadu ds
240
fo'ys"k.k ls gSA blesa ruko dk lkeuk djus ds rjhds Hkh 'kkfey gSA thou dh pqukSfr;ka rFkk lek;kstu(
vuqdy
w u dk laiRz ;;( ekuoh {kerk,a rFkk ln~x.q k % izÑfr] izdkj rFkk euksoK
S kfud izdk;ks± ij izHkko( ruko
dk lek/kku( LokLF; rFkk LofLr dk laiRz ;;] thou'kSyh] LokLF; vkSj LokfLrA
bdkbZ&IV % euksoSKkfud fodkj
24 ihfj;M
;g bdkbZ lkekU;rk ,oa vlkekU;rk ds laiRz ;; rFkk eq[; euksoK
S kfud fodkj dk foospu djrk gSAa vlkekU;rk
rFkk euksoK
S kfud fodkj ds laiRz ;;] vlkekU; O;ogkj ds dkj.kkRed dkjd] fodkjksa dk oxhZdj.k] eq[;
euksoK
S kfud fodkj] fpark] 'kjhj izk:ih] fo;kstukred] euksn'kkRed] euksfodyrk] fodklkRed] O;ogkjkRed
vkSj inkFkZ&lacfa èkrA
bdkbZ&V % fpfdRlkRed mikxe rFkk ijke'kZ
20 ihfj;M
bl bdkbZ esa euksoSKkfud fodkjksa ds mipkj ds fofHkUu mikxeksa dh izHkkfodrk dk foospu fd;k
x;k gSA fpfdRlk dh izÑfr rFkk izfØ;k] fpfdRlk lacaèk dh izÑfr] fpfdRlk ds izdkj % euksxR;kRed]
ekuooknh] laKkukRed] O;ogkjoknh] oSdfYid fpfdRlk,¡ % ;ksx] è;ku] tsu] ekufld :i ls chekj
yksxksa dk iquokZlA
bdkbZ&VI % vfHko`fÙk rFkk lkekftd laKku
20 ihfj;M
;g vfHko`fÙk ds fuekZ.k rFkk ifjorZu] xq.kkjksi.k izof` Ùk;ksa ij lkaLÑfrd izHkko rFkk izlkekftd O;ogkj dks
izHkkfor djus okys dkjdksa ij dsfUnzr gSA
xq.kkjksi.k ds ekè;e ls O;ogkj dh O;k[;k] lkekftd laKku] Ldhek rFkk :f<+ ;qfDr;ka] Nfo&fuekZ.k] vfHko`fÙk
dh izÑfr rFkk vo;o] vfHko`fÙk dk fuekZ.k rFkk ifjorZu] nwljksa dh mifLFkfr esa O;ogkj % izlkekftd O;ogkj]
iwokZxgz rFkk HksnHkko] iwokZxgz ls fuiVus dh ;qfDr;k¡A
bdkbZ&VII % lkekftd izHkko rFkk lkewfgd izfØ;k,¡
22 ihfj;M
;g bdkbZ lewg ds laiRz ;;] blds dk;Z rFkk lkekftd izHkko dh xfrdh ;Fkk] vuq:irk] vkKkdkfjrk vkSj
vuqikyu ij dsfUnzr gSA }U} ds lekèkku dh fofHkUu ;qfDr;ksa dk Hkh foospu fd;k tk,xkA
izHkko&izfØ;k,¡ % vuq:irk] vkKkikyu vkSj vuqikyu dh izÑfr] lg;ksx vkSj izfrLièkkZ] lewg % izÑfr] fuekZ.k
vkSj izdkj] lewg dk O;fDr ds O;ogkj ij izHkko] lkekftd vfLerk] varlkZefw gd }U}] }U} ds lekèkku
dh ;qfDr;k¡A
bdkbZ&VIII. % i;kZoj.kh; vkSj lkekftd ljksdkj
18 ihfj;M
;g bdkbZ dqN egRoiw.kZ lkekftd eqíksa dh euksoK
S kfud le> ds vuqi;z ksx ij dsfUnzr gSA
ekuo&i;kZoj.k lacèa k] ekuo O;ogkj ij i;kZoj.kh; izHkko % 'kksj] izn"w k.k] HkhM+] izkÑfrd vkink] lkekftd
eqís % vkØkedrk vkSj fgalk] lkekftd vlekurk vkSj xjhch] tulapkj vkSj ekuoh; ewY;] i;kZoj.k dk
i{kèkj O;ogkj] ekuokfèkdkj vkSj ukxfjdrk 'kkafrA
241
bdkbZ&IX % vuqiz;qDr euksfoKku
18 ihfj;M
fuEu {ks=kksa esa euksfoKku dk vuqi;z ksx %
(1)
f'k{kk
(2)
[ksy
(3)
lapkj
(4)
laxBu
euksoSKkfud ijh{k.k izk;ksfxdh
60 ihfj;M
Nk=kksa dks bl ikB~;Øe esa lfEefyr ikBksa ls lac) 5 izk;ksfxd dk;Z rFkk ,d dsl izkQ
s kby rS;kj djus gksxa As
dsl izkQ
s kby esa iz;ksT; dk fodklkRed bfrgkl 'kkfey gksxk ftlesa xq.kkRed ¼iz{s k.k lk{kkRdkj½ vkSj ek=kkRed
¼euksoK
S kfud ijh{k.k½ mikxeksa dk mi;ksx fd;k tk,xkA izk;ksfxd dk;Z ekudhÑr euksoK
S kfud ewY;kadu
midj.kksa dk fofHkUu {ks=kksa esa ¼;Fkk] cqf)] O;fDrRo] vfHk#fp] lek;kstu] vfHko`fÙk] Lo&laiRz ;; rFkk fpark½
mi;ksx ls lEcfUèkr gksxkA
vadksa dk forj.k %
(i)
iz;ksfxd Qkby
05 vad
(ii)
dsl izkQ
s kby
05 vad
(iii)
ekSf[kd ijh{kk ¼dsl izkQ
s kby ,oa iz;ksfxd ij½
05 vad
(iv) nks
iz;ksfxd dk;Z ¼05 vad lgh iz;ksx djus vkSj 10 vad
15 vad
fjiksVZ fy[kus ds fy,½
¼5 vad iz;ksx djus vkSj 5 vad fjiksVZ fy[kus ds fy,½
izLrkfor ikB~;iqLrdsa %
1- euksfoKku dk ifjp;] ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh- }kjk izdkf'krA
242
25 lekt'kkL=k (dwV la- 039)
;qfDrdFku (Rationale)
mPp ekè;fed Lrj ij lekt'kkL=k dks ,d oS d fYid fo"k; ds :i es a iz k jEHk fd;k x;k gS A bl ikB~ ; Øe
dh jpuk bl iz d kj dh xbZ gS fd ;g fo|kfFkZ ; ks a dks nS f ud thou es a ns [ kh&lq u h ckrks a dh vfHkO;fDr es a
lgk;rk iz n ku djs ifjorZ u 'khy lekt ds fy, ,d jpukRed vfHko` f Ùk fodflr djs ] rFkk bu mís ' ;ks a dh
iw f rZ ds fy, fo|kFkhZ dks la d Yiukvks a rFkk lS n ~ è kkfUrd dkS ' ky ls ifjiw . kZ djs A bl pj.k es a lekt'kkL=k
dh ikB~ ; p;kZ fo|kfFkZ ; ks a dks ekuoh; O;ogkj dh xfr'khyrkvks a dks ] mldh tfVyrkvks a vkS j vfHkO;fDr;ks a
ds lkFk le>us es a l{ke cukrh gS A lkekftd txr dks le>us ds iz ; kl es a vkt ds fo|kfFkZ ; ks a dks muds
eu es a mBus okys iz ' uks a ds mÙkj rFkk O;k[;kvks a dh vko';drk gks r h gS A vr% lkekftd la j puk ds iz f r
,d fo'ys " k.kkRed n` f "Vdks . k fodflr djus dh vko';drk gS rkfd os lkekftd ifjorZ u dh iz f Ø;k es a
vFkZ i w . kZ :i ls Hkkx ys lds a A bl ikB~ ; Øe es a vH;klks a rFkk ifj;ks t uk dk;Z ij vkèkkfjr vUr%fØ;kRed
le> gh ugha vfirq f'k{kdks a ,oa fo|kfFkZ ; ks a }kjk fey tq y dj lh[kus dh uohu foèkkvks a dks fodflr djus
ds fy, LFkku fn;k x;k gS A
lekt'kkL=k lekt dk vè;;u djrk gSA cPpk ftl lekt esa jgrk gS mlls mldh vUrjaxrk lekt'kkL=k
ds vè;;u dks ,d nksèkkjh vuqHko cuk nsrh gSA ,d rjQ lekt'kkL=k ifjokj rFkk ukrsnkjh] oxZ] tkfr
rFkk tutkrh; èkeZ rFkk lUnfHkZr {ks=kh; laLFkkvksa dk vè;;u djrk gS rks nwljh rjQ cPps bu lcls pkgs
vyx <ax ls gh lgh fdUrq igys ls gh ifjfpr gksrs gSAa D;wf¡ d Hkkjr ,d ,slk vyx lekt gS tks Å¡p&uhp
ds vkfFkZd&lkekftd Lrjhdj.k o lkaLÑfrd&lkeqnkf;d lekukUrj fHkUurkvksa nksuksa izdkj ls fofoèkrk iw.kZ
gSA ikB~; iqLrdksa esa bl ckr dk iz;kl fd;k x;k gS fd bl fo"k; dks ,d 'kfDr ds lzkrs rFkk iwNrkN
ds {ks=k nksuksa :iksa esa izdV djsAa
n`f"Vdks.kksa o ifjizs{;ksa dh cgqyrk lekt'kkL=k dh ckSf)d fojklr dk ,d egÙoiw.kZ igyw gSA bl
fojklr dh [kkfl;r gS fd ;g ifjfpr dks vtuch utjksa ls ns[kus] o lh[kh&fl[kkbZ ;k LFkkfir
rF;ksa dks nqckjk tk¡pus dks izsfjr djrk gSA lekt'kkL=k dk ;g iz'ukRed ,oa vkykspukRed Lo:i
u dsoy nwljh laLÑfr;ksa dks le>us] cfYd viuh Lo;a dh laLÑfr dks iqu% le>uk lEHko cukrh
gSA
;g ,dkfèkd n`f"Vdks.k ,d ,slh vUrfuZfgr le`nè~ krk rFkk [kqykiu iznku djrs gSa tks izk;% vU; fo"k;ksa
esa O;ogkfjd ik;k tkrk gSA 'kq: ls gh lekt'kkL=k esa ,d fu:i.kkRed i)fr (Interpretative method)
dh vusd ijEijk,¡ LFkkfir jgh gSa tks ,d nwljs dks le`) Hkh cukrh gSa vkSj vkilh izfrLièkkZ Hkh dk;e
j[krh gSA bu ijEijkvksa us [kqy dj ^^O;fDrfu"Bk** rFkk dkj.kkRed nksuksa izdkj dh O;k[;kvksa dks è;ku
esa j[krs gq, budks vfèkd lqlLa Ñr cukus ij cy fn;k gSA blesa dksbZ vk'p;Z ugha fd blds O;ogkfjd dk;Z
243
'kSfy;ksa dh ijEijk esa O;kid los{Z k.k in~èkfr rFkk ,d le`) u`tkrh; vuqlUèkku dh i)fr] nksuksa lfEefyr
gSAa fu%lUnsg Hkkjrh; lekt'kkL=k us lekt'kkL=k vkSj lkekftd ekuofoKku dh izk;% fHkUu le>s tkus okys
bu mikxeksa dh vkilh nwjh dks ikV fn;k gSA ;g ikB~;Øe fo|kFkhZ dks {ks=k&dk;Z (field work) djus ds
mRlkg rFkk lekt'kkL=k fo"k; ds lSnè~ kkafrd egÙo nksuksa ls ifjfpr djkus ds vusd volj iznku djrk
gSA
lekt'kkL=k dh cgqyrk izèkku fojklr fo|kFkhZ esa vius lekt ds izfr O;kid rFkk lw{e nksuksa izdkj ds
n`f"Vdks.k mRiUu djrh gSA vkt ds lUnHkZ esa ;g fo'ks"k :i ls lp gS tcfd LFkkuh; izfØ;k,¡ Hkwe.Myh;
izfØ;kvksa }kjk ifjHkkf"kr rFkk fu:fir gksrh gSAa
;g ikB~;Øe bl iwoZèkkj.kk ls izsfjr gS fd lekt ds ,d laxBu fl)kUr ds :i esa fyx&Hksn (gender)
dks ,d vfrfjDr izlax ds :i esa ugha vfirq gj vè;k; ds ekSfyd vax ds :i esa fy;k tkuk
pkfg,A
;s vè;k; fo|kFkhZ&dsfUnzr mikxe Hkh LFkkfir djrs gSa] ftlls fo|kFkhZ us ftl ;FkkFkZ dks ft;k gS mls
lekt'kkL=k esa vè;;u fd, tkus okyh lkekftd lajpukvksa rFkk lkekftd izfØ;kvksa ls tksM+k tk
ldsA
ikB~; iqLrdksa esa ltx iz;kl fd;k x;k gS fd lekt ds vuqlUèkku (exploration) ds volj izkIr gks]a ftuls
lh[kus dh izfØ;k ,d [kksth izfØ;k cu ldsA blds fy, vko';d gS fd lekt'kkL=kh; izR;;ksa dks LFkkfir
lR; ds :i esa ugha cfYd ekuo&fufeZr lkekftd izfØ;kvksa dh mit ds :i esa ns[kk tk,] ftu ij lnSo
iz'u iwNs tk ldrs gSAa
mís';
fo|kFkhZ dks bl ;ksX; cukuk fd og d{kk dh i<+kbZ dks ckgjh okrkoj.k ls tksM+ ldsAa
fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks lekt'kkL=k dh ewy ladYiukvksa ls ifjfpr djokuk rkfd og lkekftd thou dks ns[kus vkSj
mldh O;k[;k djus esa leFkZ gks ik,A
lkekftd izfØ;kvksa dh tfVyrk ds izfr tkx:d cukukA
fo'o dh ,oa Hkkjrh; lekt dh fofoèkrkvksa dh ljkguk djukA
ledkyhu Hkkjrh; lekt dks le>us vkSj mldh foospuk djus esa fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks l'kDr cukukA
244
ikB~;Øe dh :ijs[kk
d{kk&XI
,d iz'ui=k lS)kfUrd
bdkbZ ds vuqlkj vad Hkkj
le; % 3 ?kaVs
vad % 80
bdkb;k¡
vad
¼d½ lekt'kkL=k ifjp;
34
I.
lekt] lekt'kkL=k ,oa vU; lekt foKkuksa ls lEcUèk
6
II.
ewy ladYiuk,¡
8
III.
lkekftd laLFkk,¡
10
IV.
laLd`fr ,oa lekt
10
V.
O;kogkfjd lekt'kkL=k % fl)kUr ,oa rduhd
iz;ksxkRed ijh{kk
}kjk tk¡p
¼[k½ lekt dk cksèk
46
VI.
lajpuk] izfØ;k vkSj Lrjhdj.k
10
VII.
lkekftd ifjorZu
10
VIII. i;kZoj.k
,oa lekt
10
IX.
ik'pkR; lkekftd fopkjd
8
X.
Hkkjrh; lekt'kkL=kh
8
d{kk&XI
O;kogkfjd ijh{kk
iw.kk±d 20
le; 3?kUVs
?kUVs
bdkbZ ds vuqlkj vad
v
c
ifj;kstuk ¼'kSf{kd l=k esa Ldwy ds Lrj ij fy;k tk,½
07 va d
(i)
mís'; dk fooj.k
2 vad
(ii)
dk;Zi.z kkyh@rduhd
2 vad
(iii)
lkjka'k
3 vad
ifj;kstuk dk;Z ds vkèkkj ij ekSf[kd ijh{kk
08 va d
l vuqlUèkku vfHkdYi ¼fMtkbu½
(i)
05 va d
1 vad
lexz vkdkj ¼QkesVZ ½
245
(ii)
vuqlèa kku iz'u@midYiuk
1 vad
(iii)
rduhd dk p;u
2 vad
(iv)
foLrkj ls rduhd ds dk;kZUo;u dh dk;Zfofèk dk fooj.k
2 vad
(v)
mijksDr rduhd dh lhek,¡
2 vad
lekt'kkL=k ifjp;
bdkbZµ1 % lekt ,oa lekt'kkL=k dk vU; lekt foKkuksa ls lEcUèk
(22 ihfjf;M)
lekt dk ifjp; % O;f"Vijd ,oa lkewfgdrkA ,dkfèkd ifjiz{s ;A
lekt'kkL=k dk ifjp; % mn~Hko] izÑfr ,oa fo"k; {ks=kA vU; fo"k;ksa ls lEcUèkA
bdkbZµ2 % ewy ladYiuk,a
(22 ihfj;M)
lkekftd lewg
izfLFkfr ,oa Hkwfedk
lkekftd Lrjhdj.k
lkekftd fu;U=k.k
bdkbZµ3 % lkekftd laLFkk,¡
(24 ihfj;M)
ifjokj ,oa ukrsnkjh
jktuhfrd ,oa vkfFkZd laLFkk,¡
èkeZ ,d lkekftd laLFkk ds :i esa
f'k{kk ,d lkekftd laLFkk ds :i esa
bdkbZµ4 % laLÑfr ,oa lekt
(20 ihfj;M)
laLÑfr] ewY; ,oa ekud % lk>k] ,dkfèkd] lfojksèk
lekthdj.k % vuq:irk] la?k"kZ ,oa O;fDrRo dks vkdkj nsukA
bdkbZµ5 % O;kogkfjd lekt'kkL=k % fof/ ,oa rduhd
midj.k ,oa rduhd % voyksdu] los{Z k.k] lk{kkRdkj
lekt'kkL=k esa {ks=kh; dk;Z dk egRo
246
(22 ihfj;M)
([k) lekt dk cks/
bdkbZµ6 % lajpuk] izfØ;k ,oa Lrjhdj.k
(22 ihfj;M)
lkekftd lajpuk
lkekftd izfØ;k,¡ % lg;ksx] izfrLièkkZ] la?k"kZ
lkekftd Lrjhdj.k % oxZ] tkfr] iztkfr] fyax
bdkbZµ7 % lkekftd ifjorZu
(22 ihfj;M)
lkekftd ifjorZu % izdkj ,oa foLrkj( dkj.k ,oa ifj.kke
lkekftd O;oLFkk % izHkkoh] izkfèkdkj ,oa dkuwu( vijkèk ,oa fgalk
xk¡o] dLck ,oa 'kgj % uxjh; ,oa xzkeh.k lekt esa ifjorZu
bdkbZµ8 % i;kZoj.k ,oa lekt
(18 ihfj;M)
ikjfLFkfrdh ,oa lekt
i;kZoj.k ladV ,oa lkekftd mÙkjnkf;Ro
bdkbZµ9 % ik'pkR; lkekftd fopkjd
(24 ihfj;M)
dkyZ ekDlZ oxZ la?k"kZ
,fey nq[kkZbe Je foHkktu
eSDl oScj ukSdj'kkgh
bdkbZµ10 % Hkkjrh; lekt'kkL=kh
(24 ihfj;M)
th-,l- ?kq;Zs iztkfr ,oa tkfr
Mh-ih- eq[kthZ ijEijk ,oa ifjorZu
,-vkj- nslkbZ jkT;
,e-,u- Jhfuokl xk¡oksa dk vè;;u
izLrkfor ikB~;iqLrdsaµ
1- lekt'kkL=k] Hkkx-I, jk-'kS-v-iz- }kjk izdkf'kr
2- lekt dk cks/k Hkkx&II jk-'kS-v-iz- }kjk izdkf'kr
247
ikB~;Øe dh :ijs[kk
d{kk&XII
,d iz'ui=k lS}fUrd
bdkbZ ds vuqlkj vad Hkkj
le; % 3 ?ka V s
vad % 80
bdkb;k¡
vad
¼d½ Hkkjrh; lekt
32
1- Hkkjrh; lekt dk ifjp;
ewY;k¡du ugha gksxk
2- tukafddh lajpuk ,oa Hkkjrh; lekt
6
3- lkekftd laLFkk,¡ uSjUr;Z ,oa ifjorZu
6
4- cktkj ,d lkekftd laLFkk ds :i esa
6
5- lkekftd vlekurk ,oa viotZu ds izdkj
6
6- lkaLÑfrd fofoèkrk dh pqukSfr;k¡
8
7- ifj;kstuk dk;Z ds fy, lq>ko
ewY;k¡du ugha gksxk
¼[k½ Hkkjrh; lekt esa ifjorZu ,oa fodkl
48
8- lajpukRed ifjorZu
6
9- lkaLÑfrd ifjorZu
6
10- yksdrU=k dh dgkuh
6
11- xzkeh.k lekt esa ifjorZu ,oa fodkl
6
12- vkS|ksfxd lekt esa ifjorZu ,oa fodkl
6
13- Hkwe.Myhdj.k ,oa lkekftd ifjorZu
6
14- tulaidZ vkSj lapkj
6
15- lkekftd vkUnksyu
6
dqy
248
80
O;kogkfjd ijh{kk
,d lS)kafrd i=k
v
c
le; % 3 ?kaVs
ifj;kstuk ¼'kSf{kd l=k esa Ldwy ds Lrj ij fy;k tk,½
vad % 30
07 va d
(i)
mís'; dk fooj.k
2 vad
(ii)
dk;Zi.z kkyh@rduhd
2 vad
(iii)
lkjka'k
3 vad
ifj;kstuk dk;Z ds vkèkkj ij ekSf[kd ijh{kk
08 va d
l vuqlUèkku vfHkdYi ¼fMt+kbu½
(i)
05 va d
lexz vkdkj ¼QkesVZ ½
1 vad
(ii)
vuqlèa kku iz'u@midYiuk
1 vad
(iii)
rduhd dk p;u
2 vad
(iv)
foLrkj ls rduhd ds dk;kZUo;u dh dk;Zfofèk dk fooj.k
2 vad
(v)
mijksDr rduhd dh lhek,¡ ¼dfe;k¡½
2 vad
¼c½ ,oa ¼l½ dks vkUrfjd ijh{kk ds fnu O;ofLFkr fd;k tk,xkA
Hkkjrh; lekt
(58 ihfj;M)
bdkbZµ1 % Hkkjrh; lekt dk ifjp;
(10 ihfj;M)
mifuos'kokn] jk"Vªokn] oxZ ,oa leqnk;
bdkbZµ2 % tukfddh; (tulkaf[;dh;) lajpuk ,oa Hkkjrh; lekt
(10 ihfj;M)
xzkeh.k&uxjh; layXurk vkSj foHkktu
bdkbZµ3 % lkekftd laLFkk,¡ % uSjUr;Z ,oa ifjorZu
(14 ihfj;M)
ifjokj ,oa ukrsnkjh
tkfr O;oLFkk
bdkbZµ4 % cktkj ,d lkekftd laLFkk ds :i esa
(10 ihfj;M)
cktkj ,d lkekftd laLFkk ds :i esa
bdkbZµ5 % lkekftd vlekurk ,oa viotZu ds izfr:i %
tkfr iwokZxgz ] vuqlfw pr tkfr;k¡ ,oa vU; fiNM+s oxZ
249
(10 ihfj;M)
tutkrh; leqnk;ksa dh lhekUrrk
efgyk lekurk dk la?k"kZ
èkkfeZd vYila[;dksa dks laj{k.k
viaxksa dh ns[kHkky
bdkbZµ6 % lkaLÑfrd fofoèkrk dh pqukSfr;k¡
(12 ihfj;M)
lkEiznkf;drk] {ks=kh;rk] tkfrokn ,oa fir`rU=k dh leL;k,¡
,dkfèkd ,oa vleku lekt esa jkT; dh Hkwfedk
gekjh lk>snkjh D;k gS
bdkbZµ7 % ifj;kstuk dk;Z ds fy, lq>ko (ewY;kadu ugha gksxk)
(18 ihfj;M)
([k) Hkkjr esa fodkl ,oa ifjorZu
(10 ihfj;M)
bdkbZ&8 % lajpukRed ifjorZu
mifuos'kokn] vkS|ksxhdj.k] uxjhdj.k
bdkbZ&9 % lkaLÑfrd ifjorZu
(12 ihfj;M)
vkèkqfudhdj.k] ik'pkR;dj.k] laLÑfrdj.k] /keZfuis{Z krkA
lkekftd lqèkku vkUnksyu ,oa dkuwu
bdkbZµ10 % yksdra=k dh dgkuh
(22 ihfj;M)
lafoèkku lkekftd ifjorZu ds ,d midj.k ds :i esa
jktuhfrd ny] ncko lewg ,oa yksdrU=kh; jktuhfr
iapk;rh jkt ,oa lkekftd :ikUrj.k dh pqukSfr;k¡
bdkbZµ11 % xzkeh.k lekt esa ifjorZu ,oa fodkl
(14 ihfj;M)
Hkwfe lqèkkj] gfjr ØkfUr ,oa Ñf"kd lekt
bdkbZµ12 % vkS|ksfxd lekt esa ifjorZu ,oa fodkl
fu;ksftr vkS|ksxhdj.k ls mnkjhdj.k rd
oxZ lajpuk esa ifjorZu
250
(12 ihfj;M)
bdkbZµ13 % HkweaMyhdj.k ,oa lkekftd ifjorZu
(12 ihfj;M)
bdkbZµ14 % tulEidZ ,oa lapkj
(12 ihfj;M)
abdkbZµ15 % lkekftd vkUnksyu
(22 ihfj;M)
oxZ vkèkkfjr vkUnksyu % dkexkj] fdlku
tkfr&vkèkkfjr vkUnksyu % nfyr vkUnksyu] fiNM+h tkfr;k¡] mPp tkfr;ksa ds mÙkj dk #>kku
LorU=k Hkkjr esa efgyk vkUnksyu
tutkrh; vkUnksyu
i;kZoj.k vkUnksyu
izLrkfor ikB~;iqLrdsa
1- Hkkjr esa lkekftd ifjorZu] jk-f'k-v-iz-i- }kjk izdkf'kr
2- Hkkjrh; lekt lekt'kkL=k] jk-f'k-v-iz-i- }kjk izdkf'kr
251
26 n'kZu 'kkL=k (dksM+ ua- 040)
mís';
n'kZu 'kkL=k ,d lS)kfUrd miØe gS] ftldh O;kogkfjd mi;ksfxrk Hkh gSA bldk mís'; thou ,oa lÙkk ds Lo:i
,oa vFkZ dks tkuuk gSA n'kZu'kkL=k dks Kku dh lHkh 'kk[kkvksa dh tuuh dgk tkrk gSA n'kZu dk Lo:i ;g gS fd blds
vUrxZr fdlh Hkh mÙkj dks leh{kk ;k iz'u fd;s fcuk ugha ekuk tk ldrk gSA blesa mu lHkh Lo;afl) vfHkx`ghrksa
,oa iwoZ ekU;rkvksa dks le>us vkSj O;k[;f;r djus dk iz;kl fd;k tkrk gS tks Kku dh ckdh lHkh 'kk[kkvksa esa fcuk
leh{kk fd;s LohÑr dj fy, tkrs gSAa X;kjgoha rFkk ckjgoha d{kkvksa dk ikB~;Øe bl izdkj ls cuk;k x;k gS fd Nk=kksa
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256
27. CREATIVE WRITING AND TRANSLATION STUDIES
Code No. 069
Aims and Objectives of the Course.
To enable the learners to understand literature as a creative product and visualize the creative process
underlying it.
To equip them to approach different texts with skill to perceive their physical presentation, distinctions
between them, the writer’s purpose, the underlying meaning, attitudes and moods, cultural nuances
and quantum of universal appeal.
To enable them to notice the subtext of a literary text that reveals the possibility 6f multiple meanings.
.
To enable them to appreciate literature and respond to a text intellectually, emotively and personally
as individuals.
To acquaint them with the different literary practices, genres, styles, figures of speech and techniques
of writing.
To enable them to write original pieces guided by the principles of different genres of writing in both
fictional and non-fictional prose, as well as poetry.
To enable them to learn and use the principles underlying translation from one language into another.
To equip them to translate simple texts from one language into another connotatively so as to retain
the flavour of the original text
The Approach to Creative Writing and Translation Studies
An integrated skill approach is recommended to enable the learners to listen, read and respond both
orally and in the written form so that the literary experience becomes a multi-sensory one.
It is important that the teacher perceives the learners as individuals, thus making room for multiple
meanings and connotations, depending on their own perceptions and previous experiences.
One of the outcomes of the course would be to enable learners to become better readers and
thinkers.
It is recommended that the teacher herself/himself is able to display sensitivity towards literature and
model as a creative writer which would enhance her/his efficacy as a creative teacher.
Although literature has creative principles, established forms, styles, even imagery for different themes
and genres, the teacher must encourage ‘out -of the box’ thinking.
It is important to employ both group and individual activities to foster discussion, exposition, expression
and contemplation.
.
.
.
.
257
Acquisition of Language Skills
Approach to Reading
A variety or reading texts not only differing in genre or text-type but spanning cultures and ages to
provide a rich reading experience.
Built- in activities that lead the learners to become better readers taking to the reading text the
requisite previous knowledge and own experiences to unrave1ihe meaning/layers of meaning in the
reading text.
Development of the higher order reading skills of interpretative, evaluative and creative comprehension.
Development of vocabulary by perceiving their denotative and connotative role in a literary text.
Development or the ability to deconstruct a text to read between and beyond the lines.
Reading for specific purpose (intensively or extensively according to the genre).
Ten core objectives of the National Policy interwoven in the themes of the reading texts and materials.
Specific Objectives of Reading
To develop specific study skills such as :
To refer to dictionaries, thesaurus and reference material both actual and virtual
To employ the skill of skimming and scanning to extract information
To understand the Writer’s attitude, bias, cultural and ideological leanings.
To be able to comprehend the difference between what is said and what is implied.
To understand the language of persuasion, exposition and expression of personal feelings and ideas.
To discern the reality from the claim and fact from the opinion.
To develop an understanding of the age and the culture in which a work of literature is written.
To develop the ability to understand the figures of speech used and the writer’s purpose in using them
To arrive at a personal conclusion and comment on a given text
--- to develop the ability to be original and creative in interpreting opinion to develop the ability
--- to be logically persuasive in defending one’s opinion
To develop literary skills as enumerated below:
to personally respond to 1iterary texts
to appreciate and analyze special features of the language of a specific literary or non literary
text
258
to notice the techniques and figures of speech used for effectiveness by the writer
to feel the sensory experiences evoked by the language and embellishments in the text
to identify the elements of style such as humour, pathos, satire and irony in the text
to explore and evaluate features of character, plot, setting etc.
to appreciate the oral, mobile and visual elements of drama.
Listening and Speaking (Aural and Oral)
The following are the skills that would ~e exercised during the conduct of the course.
Certain skills are overtly built into the units along with the texts, namely discussion and expressing
one’s view point.
Other skills that would be developed or honed are:
The ability to render poetry with expression to enjoy and relive the experience in an enactive manner,
through poetry/book reading (aloud) sessions
Listening to poetry or any other prose text for comprehension and appreciation.
Enacting plays or dialogues from stories or novels.
Listening to different kinds of text for different purposes
Testing of listening and oral skills would be an integral part of the overall testing pattern
Specific Objectives of Aural and Oral Skills:
To listen to different types of texts and distinguish their types/genres, the language used, the purpose
for which written and interpret meaning.
To listen with comprehension speeches, lectures and talks and participate actively in the ensuing
discussion.
To listen to reports and other expository text and extract relevant information, listening for gist or
detail.
To listen to poetry for understanding and enjoyment..
To take part in role-plays and enact different characters in drama. To develop the art of public
speaking.
To read poetry aloud with expression.
Writing Skills
The Writing Skills that the course aims to develop are the advanced writing skills. However, during the
course of the activities the learners would also learn the sub-skills of writing and get an insight into the
process of writing.
The skills that would be exercised and developed during the course would he:
Sub-skills of writing exercised using a process approach.
Writing as a logical conclusion to a reading activity as creative comprehension.
259
Integrating listening, speaking and reading as precursors to the actual act of writing.
Avoiding linguistic or stylistic errors in writing.
Using appropriate language, style., format, metre (in poetry), sentence-length and length of the piece
or embellishments in a particular genre.
Writing in an original manner while adhering to the basic ptinciples of a genre.
A progression from simple writing tasks to more challenging ones.
Specific Objectives of writing
To write responses to the questions based on ‘the text.
To write different kinds of text using appropriate vocabulary, language, length and style.
To write expository text: reports, descriptions of people, places and processes.
To write reflective text: reports, autobiography, memoir, stories.
To write reflective text: using ideas and themes expressing one’s view and using a persuasive writing
style.
To write travelogues and features featuring appropriate illtistrations and highlights.
To write essays on different themes concerning their lives. ~o write simple stories in a narrative style.
To write simple dialogues on a given situation.
To write a book or a film review.
To write short speeches in an impressive or persuasive style. Maintaining a diary or a journal.
To expand outlines into full-fledged genres of writing.
To complete poems using appropriate words and keeping in mind the rhyme and metre
To write short poems within the frame of a given genre of poetry.
260
CREATIVE WRITING AND TRANSLATION STUDIES
Code No : 069
Class XI
3 hours
One paper
100 Marks
Section-wise Weightage of the Paper
Section
Areas of Learning
A.
Reading Comprehension (Three unseen passages, prose and poetry)
20
i)
Creative Writing Skills
20
ii)
Translation
20
C.
Textual
20
D
Portfolio
20
B.
Marks
Total:
100
SECTION A
READING COMPREHENSION
20 Marks
Three unseen passages (including poems) with a variety of questions on different levels of comprehension
(literal, interpretative and critical) including marks for vocabulary such as inferring and word formation.
The total range of the three passages including the poem or a stanza, would be about 1050-1100 words.
1.
Non-fictional prose, an excerpt 250-300 words in length (for extracting information, inferring and
interpreting, evaluating and word attack)
- 07 marks
2.
Fictional prose, a very short story or an excerpt, 250-300 words, in length (for interpretation,
understanding character, making personal responses, and vocabulary)
- 07 marks
3.
A short poem or a few stanzas (for understanding central idea, appreciation and personal response)
- 06 marks
The passages or poems could be anyone of the following types:
a)
Excerpts from expository or narrative writing like descriptions, reports, biographies, memoirs or
autobiographies or reflective writing like essays or articles.
b)
Excerpts from narrative and fictional writing like stories, novels and plays.
c)
A short poem like a sonnet or a lyric, or a stanza from a ballad or a longer lyrical poem.
261
SECTION B
CREATIVE WRITING SKILLS
20 marks
Three writing tasks as indicated below:
4.
Develop a composition of personal writing such as a diary entry, memoir or an autobiography
(200 words)
6 marks
5.
Develop a feature or a review such as a travelogue~ book or film review based on verbal or a visual
input (200 words)
6 marks
6.
Developing an original poem such as a sonnet or a lyric or free verse based on a given idea or theme,
visual input, an incident or event in life.
8 marks
B
TRANSLATION
7.
Guided translation i.e. a piece of translated text for completion based on the original text (prose or
poetry)
04 marks
8.
Open translation of a prose piece (100 words)
08 marks
9.
Open tranislation of a short poem or a stanza
08 marks
20 Marks
SECTION C
READER
29 Marks
10. Four questions of three marks each to be answered in 60-80 words based on the understanding of
the text.
12 marks
11. One out of the two open ended essay topics to be answered in 200 words.
08 marks
SECTION D
Portfolio Assessment
20 Marks
The Reader has inbuilt suggestions and activities for the students’ Portfolio.
20 marks have been allotted for the Portfolio wherein the following would be assessed:
1.
Idea or ideas
2.
Sequencing the ideas
3.
Applying the basic principles of the particular genre
4.
The use of correct and effective language
5.
Use of appropriate style
262
6.
Use of techniques and figures of speech to make the writing forceful, effective or rich.
The Portfolio will consist of a compilation of all written submission-over the duration of the course. A
minimum of 15 written assignments each of creative writing and translation would need to be submitted.
The submission would include both the original and improved versions of assigned tasks reflective of
gradual improvement.
The Portfolio will be evaluated according to the following criteria:
1.
Regularity in submission of both class and home written assignments.
2.
Quality of tasks with emphasis on creative and comprehensive application.
3.
Overage grades of all Creative Writing and Translation written tasks.
4.
Oral Communication Skills and classroom transaction.
Conversation Skills will be tested as part of Continuous Assessment. The students can be assessed for
making relevant responses to the text, making a point of view and defending their. point of view. Students
will also be assessed for their ability to read aloud portions from stories, poems or plays. . Dramatization
would be another aspect which would be used for exercising their spoken skills.
NOTE:
The Portfolio can be monitored and moderated at any time by an expert nominated by the
Board.
263
CREATIVE WRITING AND TRANSLATION STUDIES
Code No. : 069
Class XII
3 hours
One paper
100 Marks
Section-wise Weightage of the Paper
Section
Areas of Learning
A.
Reading Comprehension (Three unseen passages, prose and poetry)
20
i)
Creative Writing Skills
20
ii)
Translation
20
C.
Textual
20
D
Portfolio
20
B.
Marks
Total:
100
SECTION A
READING COMPREHENSION
20 Marks
Three unseen passages (including poems) with a variety of questions on different levels of comprehension (literal, interpretative and critical) including marks for vocabulary such as inferring and word
formation. The total range of the three passages including the poem or a stanza, would be about 1050
1100 words.
1.
Non-fictional prose, an excerpt 2?0-300 words in length (for extracting information, inferring and
interpreting, evaluating and word attack)
07 marks
2.
Fictional prose, a very short story or an excerpt, 250-300 words in length (for interpretation,
understanding character, making personal responses, and vocabulary)
07 marks
3.
A short poem or a few stanzas (for understanding central idea, appreciation and personal response)
06 marks
The passages or poems could be anyone of the following types:
a)
Excerpts from expository or narrative writing like descriptions, reports, biographies, memoirs or
autobiographies or reflective writing like essays or articles.
b)
Excerpts from narrative and fictional writing like stories, novels and plays.
c)
A short poem like a sonnet Or a lyric, or a stanza from a ballad or a longer lyrical poem.
264
SECTION B
A CREATIVE WRITING SKILLS
20 marks
Four writing tasks as indicated below:
.
4.
Develop a composition of personal writing such as a diary entry, memoir or an autobiography
(200 words)
6 marks
5.
Develop a feature or a review such as a travelogue, book or film review based on verbal or a visual
input (200 words).
6 marks
6.
Developing an original piece of writing based on a given idea or theme, visual input, an incident or
event in life.’”’
8 marks
B TRANSLATION
20 Marks
7.
Guided translation i.e. a piece of translated text for completion based on the original text (prose
or poetry)
04 marks
8.
Open translation of a prose piece (100 words)
08 marks
9.
Open translation of a short poem or a stanza
08 marks
SECTION C
READER
20 Marks
10. Four questions of three marks each to be answered in 60-80 words based on the understanding of
the text.
12 marks
11. One out of the two open ended essay topics to be answered in 200 words.
08 marks
SECTION D
Portfolio Assessment
20 Marks
The Reader has inbuilt suggestions and activities for the students’ Portfolio.
20 marks have been allotted for the portfolio wherein the following would be assessed:
1.
Idea or ideas
2.
Sequencing the ideas
3.
Applying the basic principles of the particular genre
4.
The use of correct and effective language
5.
Use of appropriate style
6.
Use of techniques and figures of speech to make the writing forceful, effective or rich.
.
265
The Portfolio will consist of a compilation of all written submission over the duration of the course. A
minimum of 15 written assignments each of creative writing and translation would need to be submitted.
The submission would include both the original and improved versions of assigned tasks reflective of gradual
improvement.
The portfolio will be evaluated according to the following criteria:
1.
Regularity in submission of both class and home written assignments.
2.
Quality of tasks with emphasis on creative and comprehensive application.
3.
Overage grades of all Creative Writing and Translation written tasks.
4.
Oral Communication Skills and classroom transaction.
Conversation Skills will be tested as part of Continuous Assessment. The students can assessed for making
relevant responses to the text, making a point of view and defending their poil11 of view. Students will also
be assessed for their ability to read aloud portions from stories, poems or plays. Dramatization would be
another aspect which would be used for exercising their spoken skills.
NOTE: The Portfolio can be monitored and moderated at any time by an expert nominated by
the Bord
266
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fuEufyf[kr fo|kFkhZ oxZ ikB~;Øe esa izo's k ds ik=k gksxa s
1- ftUgksua s fdlh Hkh [ksy esa varj&fo|ky; [ksy izfr;ksfxrkvksa esa fo|ky; dk izfrfufèkRo fd;k gSA
2- ftUgksua s fo|ky; dk izfrfufèkRo ugha fd;k ijUrq ikB~;Øe esa izo's k ysus ds bPNqd gSa mUgsa 'kkjhfjd LokLF;rk
ijh{k.k ls xqtjuk gksxk rFkk U;wure 40% vad izkIr djus gksxa As
3- ftUgsa ikB~;Øe esa izo's k gsrq vkKk iznku dj nh xbZ gks] mUgsa 'kkjhfjd f'k{kk ds fuèkkZfjr dk;ZØe dks iw.kZ
djus ds fy, fpfdRlk dh n`f"V ls LoLFk; gksuk pkfg,A
4- 'kkjhfjd&f'k{kk ,oa LokLF;&f'k{kk dh d{kk dh ,d bdkbZ 40 fo|kfFkZ;ksa ls vfèkd ugha gksuh pkfg,A
5- vuqn's kkRed ?kaVs rFkk ihfj;M&vofèk iw.kZr; cksMZ ds fu;eksa ds vuqlkj gksxa As
II.
'kkjhfjd f'k{kk dks oSdfYid fo"k; ds :i esa is'k djus okys fo|ky;ksa dks lEc)rk nsus lacaèkh 'krs±A
dsoy mUgha fo|ky;ksa dks +2 Lrj ij ikB~;Øe esa 'kkjhfjd f'k{kk dks oSdfYid fo"k; ds :i esa is'k djus ds
fy, vuqefr iznku dh tk,xh tks fuEufyf[kr 'krs± iw.kZ djsxa s
1- fo|ky; ds ikl i;kZIr [kqyk LFkku gksuk pkfg, ftlesa de ls de 200 ehVj dk Vªd
S rFkk rhu
[ksyksa@ØhM+kvksa ds fy, [ksy dk eSnku cu ldsA
267
2- 'kkjhfjd f'k{kk ds oSdfYid dk;ZØe dks dk;kZfUor djus okyk f'k{kd 'kkjhfjd f'k{kk esa LukrdksÙkj gksuk
pkfg,A
3- fo|ky; dk 'kkjhfjd f'k{kk vkSj LokLF; f'k{kk dks fy,] lktks&lkeku dh [kjhn ds fy,] 'kkjhfjd f'k{kk
dh iqLrdksa ds fy, vkSj [ksy lqfoèkkvksa ds j[k&j[kko ds fy, Hkh i;kZIr fufèk miyCèk djkuh pkfg,A
3- 'kkjhfjd f'k{kk
d{kk&
d{kk&11 F;ksjh
Hkkx&d
vfèkdre vad 70
1-- 'kkjhfjd f'k{kk dh voèkkj.kk
1-1 'kkjhfjd f'k{kk dk vFkZ ,oa ifjHkk"kk] blds y{; ,oa mís';
1-2 'kkjhfjd f'k{kk dh vko';drk vkSj egRo
1-3 'kkjhfjd f'k{kk ds ckjs esa Hkzkfa r;ka vkSj bldh var% vuq'kklfud lanHkZ esa egÙkkA
2-- 'kkjhfjd f'k{kk esa O;olk; ds vk;keA
2-1 'kkjhfjd f'k{kk esa O;olk; ds fodYiA
2-2 thfodk vk;kstu ds fy, ekxZA
2-3 thfodk p;u ds fy, vfHkizjs .kk vkSj vkReewY;kaduA
3-- 'kkjhfjd f'k{kk ds nSfgdh vk;keA
3-1 okfe±x vi&lkekU; ,oa fof'k"V ,oa blds nSfgdh vkèkkjA
3-2 O;k;ke dk ekalis'kh vkSj ikpu&ra=kksa ij izHkkoA
3-3 O;k;ke dk 'okl vkSj ifjlapj.k ra=kksa ij izHkkoA
4-- 'kkjhfjd f'k{kk ds euksoSKkfud vk;keA
4-1 [ksydwn euksfoKku dh Hkwfedk ,oa ifjHkk"kkA
4-2 [ksydwn esa miyfCèk;ka ,oa izjs .kk
4-3 fd'kksj leL;k,a vkSj bldk izcèa ku
5-- 'kkjhfjd f'k{kk ds LokLF; èkkj.kk,a
5-1 leqnk; LokLF; izkRs lkgu ¼O;fDrxr] ifjokj ,oa lekt½ ij 'kkjhfjd f'k{kk dk;ZØe dh HkwfedkA
5-2 vYdksgy] rEckdw rFkk eknd nokvksa dk [ksydwn izn'kZu ij izHkkoA
5-3 eksVkik dkj.k ,oa fuokj.k mik; rFkk izn'kZu ij [kqjkd dh HkwfedkA
268
'kkjhfjd f'k{kk
d{kk&
oha
d{kk&11oha
Hkkx&[k
fo|kFkhZ fuEufyf[kr esa ls dksbZ Hkh [ksy@LiksVZ ls viuh bPNkuqlkj pqu ldrs gSa % cSMfeaVu gSMa cky] gkWdh] dcM~Mh]
[kks[kks] LdsfVax] rSjkdh ,oa rkbDokaMksA
,dd&1
1-1 [ksy@[ksydwn dk bfrgkl
1-2 [ksy@[ksydwn ds uohure lkekU; fu;e
1-3 [ksy ds eSnkuksa dk eki ,oa lacfa èkr [ksy&dwn miLdjkssa dk fofuns'Z ku
1-4 egRoiw.kZ VwukZeVas ,oa LFkku
1-5 [ksydwn O;fDrRo
,dd&2
2-1 [ksy@[ksydwn ds ewy dkS'ky
2-2 xjekuss ¼okeZ&vi½ ,oa vuqdy
w u ¼daMhu'kfuax½ ds fof'k"V O;k;keA
2-3 lacfa èkr [ksydwn ikfjHkkf"kdh
2-4 [ksydwn iqjLdkj
2-5 lkekU; [ksydwn pksVas ,oa muls cpko
4- 'kkjhfjd f'k{kk
vfèkdre vad 70
d{kk 12oha
oha&F;ksjh
Hkkx&d
1-- 'kkjhfjd LoLF;rk ,oa iq"Vrk
1-1 'kkjhfjd LoLFk;rk ,oa iq"Vrk dk vFkZ ,oa egRo
1-2 'kkjhfjd LoLFk;rk ,oa iq"Vrk ds ?kVd
1-3 'kkjhfjd LoLFk;rk ,oa iq"Vrk dks izHkkfor djus okys rRo
1-4 'kkjhfjd LoLFk;rk fodkl ds fl)kar
1-5 LoLFk;rk fodkl ds lkèku % ,sjksfcd ,oa ,suk;jksfcd [ksydwn] ;ksx ,oa euksfouksn fØ;k,¡A
2-- izf'k{k.k fofèk;ka
2-1 izf'k{k.k dk vFkZ ,oa voèkkj.kk
2-2 izf'k{k.k dh fofèk;ka
269
2-3 cy fodkl dh fofèk;ka % vkbZlksefS Vd o vkbZlksdkbZufs Vd O;k;keA
2-4 lgu'kfDr fodkl dh fofèk;ka lrr~ fofèk] eè;kUrj izf'k{k.k vkSj QkVZyd
s
2-5 xfr fodkl dh fofèk;ka Rofjr nkSM+ vkSj osx@pky nkSM+
2-6 ifjfèk izf'k{k.k
3-- 'kkjhfjd f'k{kk ds lkekftdh vk;ke
3-1 lekt'kkL=k ,oa [ksydwn lekt'kkL=k dk vFkZ
3-2 [ksy o ØhM+k euq"; dh lkaLÑfrd fojklr ds :i esa
3-3 lekthdj.k] usrR` o] 'kkjhfjd f'k{kk dk;ZØe rFkk vksyfa id xfrfofèk }kjk uSfrd f'k{kk
4-- ØhM+k ,oa i;kZoj.k
4-1 'kkjhfjd f'k{kk dk;ZØe eas i;kZoj.k dk vFkZ ,oa vko';drk
4-2 ldkjkRed i;kZoj.k ds vko';d rRo
4-3 [ksy lacèa kh nq?kZVukvksa ds cpko gsrq i;kZoj.k ds lqèkkj esa O;fDr dh Hkwfedk
5-- ;ks x
5-1 ;ksx dk vFkZ ,oa egRo
5-2 ;ksx ,d Hkkjrh; fojklr
5-3 ;ksx ds rRo
5-4 ØhM+k esa ;ksx dh Hkwfedk
'kkjhfjd f'k{kk
d{kk&
oha
d{kk&12oha
Hkkx&[k
bu fo"k;ksa esa ls fo|kFkhZ dh bPNk ds fdlh ,d [ksy@ØhM+k ls lacèa k j[kus okys fuEufyf[kr mi fo"k; ,sFkysfVd]
ckWLdsVckWy] fØdsV] QqVcky] twMks] Vscy&Vsful] Vsful ,oa ckWyhckWy
,dd&1
1-1 [ksy@ØhM+k dk bfrgkl
1-2 [ksy@ØhM+k ds v|ru lkekU; fu;e
1-3 [ksy eSnkuksa dk eki vkSj [ksy ds lktks&lkeku dk fof'k"V fooj.k
1-4 [ksy@ØhM+k ds vkèkkjHkwr dkS'ky
1-5 lacfa èkr [ksy ikfjHkkf"kdh
,dd&2
2-1 egRoiw.kZ [ksy izfr;ksfxrk,a ¼VwukZeVas ½ vkSj LFkku
270
2-2 [ksy O;fDrRo
2-3 [ksy iqjLdkj
2-4 fofHkUu [ksy laxBu
2-5 [ksy pksVksa dh cgkyh o izFke mipkj
[k.M&x iz;ksxkRed
¼d{kk&
oha ,oa 12oha
oha ds fy,½
¼d{kk&11oha
vfèkdre vad 30
Hkkx&x
fØ;kRed ikB~;Øe dks fuEufyf[kr rhu Hkkxksa esa foHkkftr fd;k x;k gS vkSj izR;sd Hkkx ds fy, vkcafVr vad
uhps fn, x, gSa
1- 'kkjhfjd LoLF;rk tkap ¼vfuok;Z½
%
10 vad
2- [ksy@ØhM+k pquus dk dkS'ky
%
15 vad
3- ekSf[kd ,oa fjdkWMZ iqLrd ¼QkbZy½
%
05 vad
271
272
100eheh-
yEch dwn
XI es a
12-0
12-5
2
1
18-5
19-2
17-5
0-50
0-40
0-60
0-80
08
06
10
13
15
07
04
10
12
14
16
18
20
23
25
07
04
10
12
14
19
21
24
27
30
¼la[;k esa½
la[;k esa
04-00
3-50
05-00
06-00
07-00
08-50
09-50
10-50
1-50
12-00
lkFk ckWLdsVcky
Qsaduk ¼ehVj esa½
nksuksa gkFkksa ds
vksoj gSaM cSdokMZ
en d] [k] x rFkk ?k ls VsLV ds fy, ,d en dk pquko djuk pkfg, rFkk ys[k en ³ lHkh ds fy, vfuok;Z gSA
11-5
3
17-0
1-00
17
20
23
26
28
flV&vi
cS V uh
iq'k&vi
la'kksfèkr csaVuh
?k
'kVy Vu
03-50
03-00
04-00
04-50
05-50
05-50
06-00
06-50
07-00
07-50
¼ehVj esa½
13-50
14-50
12-80
12-40
12-00
11-60
11-30
11-00
10-70
10-50
¼lSdsaM esa½
04--00 fd-xzk- 4 10 eh-
xksyk Qsad
³
Nk=kkvksa ds fy, 'kkjhfjd LoLF;rk
1-0
4
16-2
1-25
1-45
1-65
1-85
2-00
¼ehVj esa½
vuqyEc dwn
x
XI ,oa XII dh
#fp ds vuqlkj izR;sd fo|kFkhZ dks ikap en dk p;u djuk gksxkA
10-6
5
15-6
15-1
14-7
14-3
14-0
tEi ¼ehVj esa½
LVs f Ma x cz k W M
[k
izos'k ds fy, 'kkjhfjd LoLF;rk VsLV ds fy, 'krs± ,oa d{kk
10-2
6
9-5
8
9-8
9-2
9
7
9-0
10
¼lSdsaM esa½ ¼lSdsaM esa½ ¼ehVj esa½
60eheh-
d
6-- 'kkjhfjd f'k{kk dh d{kk
ds fy, VsLV
273
09-70
10-10
10-50
3
2
1
17-50
16-50
15-50
15-00
03-30
03-30
03-60
03-80
04-00
0-60
00-80
01-00
01-25
01-50
01-75
16
18
20
23
25
28
32
35
38
10
14
17
21
25
29
32
35
38
40
¼la[;k esa½
iq ' k&vIl
10
15
19
22
25
30
34
38
42
45
lhV vIl
la[;k esa
csaVuh
xksyk Qsad
'kVy ju
³
07-50
89-50
09-50
10-50
11-50
12-50
13-50
14-50
15-50
16-00
3
03-560
0400
04-50
05-00
05-50
06-00
06-50
07-00
07-50
13-00
12-20
11-50
11-00
10-50
10-10
09-80
09-50
09-20
09-00
nksuksa gkFkksa ls 7-- 260 fdxzk- 4 10 ehokLdsV cky
¼lSadM esa½
¼ehVj esa½
Qsaduk ¼ehVj esa½
vksojgSaM cSdokMZ
en d] [k] x rFkk ?k ls VsLV ds fy, ,d en dk pquko djuk pkfg, rFkk VsLV en ³ lHkh ds fy, vfuok;Z gSA
09-30
4
14-20
04-30
01-95
02-15
02-35
40
¼ehVj esa½
vuqyEc dwn
08-90
5
13-60
04-60
04-90
05-20
02-50
tEi ¼ehVj esa½
LVsfMax czkWM
?k
yM+dksa 'kkjhfjd LoLF;rk dh tkap ds fy, ekud
#fp ds vuqlkj izR;sd fo|kFkhZ dks ikap enksa dk p;u djuk gksxkA
08-60
6
13-10
12-70
12-30
05-50
¼ehVj esa½
yEch dwn
x
XI o XII ds
08-30
08-00
8
7
07-70
9
12-00
¼lSdsaM esa½
¼lSdsaM esa½
07-50
100 ehVj
[k
'kkjhfjd f'k{kk gsrq izos'k ds fy, 'kkjhfjd LoLF;rk ijh{kk o d{kk
60 ehVj
d
XI es a
10
fcanw
7-- d{kk
274
10 ihfj;M
10 ihfj;M
10 ihfj;M
10 ihfj;M
II
III
,dd
,dd
,dd IV
,dd V
10 ihfj;M
II
,dd
(iii) d{kk
ds chp rqyukRed fuèkkZj.kA
,oa ok;ok ds fjdkWMZ dh rS;kjh
,oa LiksVl
Z ds fy, [ksydwn dk izf'k{k.k
(ii) [ksydwn
(iii) iqLrd@QkbZy
LoLF;rk
(i) 'kkjhfjd
doj ds 70 ihfj;M
izk;ksxkRed
10 ihfj;M
I
,dd
Hkkx ^[k*
10 ihfj;M
I
dk;Z dk Hkkj@f'k{k.k
?kVd
,dd
Hkkx ^d*
ikB~;Øe ds
fo"k;&oLrq dh lwph
05
15
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
vfèkdre
vad vkcaVu
esa fuiq.krk
Lrj
izR;sd ,dd ls ,d
djus vfuok;Z gSAa
fo|kFkhZ dks lkr iz'u
iz'u lsV fd, tk,axAs
dqy ikB~;Øe esa ls 14
ds fjdkWMZ dh rS;kjh
iqLrd@Qkby ,oa ok;ok
(ii) dkS'ky
(iii)
(i) 'krks±
ekunaMksa ij dkS'ky VsLV
ds vuqlkj LoLF;rk VsLV
(iii)
d{kk ds chp rqyukRed fuèkkZj.k
¼x½ fo|kFkhZ dh #fp ds vuqlkj Lora=k
¼[k½ ijh{kd }kjk vfuok;Z lsV
¼d½ rhu esa ls ,d oSdfYid
(ii) rhu
(i) LoLF;rk
fuèkkZj.k
le> ds nks iz'u
tkus pkfg,
mnkj izÑfr dk ,d iz'u
iz;ksx ds nks iz'u
izÑfr ds 02 iz'u lsV fd,
,d ,dd ls fdlh Hkh
Kku fo"k; ds nks iz'u
ijh{kk ds fy, lsfVax
iz'u i=kksa dh izÑfr
isij lsfVax
ikB~; fooj.k dh fo"k; oLrq dh lwph] dk;Z dk Hkkj@f'k{k.k ?kVd] vkcaVu ds fy, vfèkdre vad] ijh{kk ds fy, isij lsfVax vkSj lsfVax iz'u i=kksa dh izÑfr
9-- 'kkjhfjd f'k{kk ds F;ksjh isij ds ewY;kadu gsrq ekxZn'kZu
1- izR;sd iz'u 10 vadksa dk gksxkA
2- fo|kfFkZ;ksa ls izR;sd bdkbZ esa fn, x, nks fodYiksa esa ls ,d iz'u djus dh vk'kk dh tkrh gSA
3- izR;sd iz'u ds fy, 10 vadksa dk foHkktu fuEukuqlkj gS
(i)
varoZLrq dk Kku
3 vad
(ii)
varoZLrq ds Kku dh le>
3 vad
(iii)
lkeF;[email protected]@Kku ds iz;ksx gsrq fooj.k ,oa èkkj.kk dh le>
4 vad
fVIi.kh
yEcs ,oa eè;e yEckbZ ds iz'uksa ds fy, en la- 3 ykxw gksxhA yEcs iz'u 200&250 'kCnksa ds gksxa s o y?kq
iz'u 80&100 'kCnksa ds gksaxsA
4- vfr y?kq iz'uksa ds 5 lc&lsV izR;sd 2 vad ds gSAa
fVIi.kh
ikfjHkkf"kdh@ifjHkk"kk,a@voèkkj.kkvksa dk o.kZu yxHkx 30 'kCnksa esa fd;k tk,xkA ;fn o.kZu lanHkZ
ys[kdksa ds òksr vkSj iz;ksx dh fLFkfr ls lefFkZr gS rks 2 vad fn, tk ldrs gSAa vU;Fkk mi;qDr :i ls
vad vkoafVr fd, tk ldrs gSAa
5- cM+s fucaèk ds mnkj ?kVd@O;kid fVIi.kh@vFkZxfHkZr ys[ku 250 'kCnksa ls vfèkd gksxkA
1- fo"k; dk Kku ,oa le>
2 vad
2- lanHkZ dk òksr@ys[kd@euks;ksx
1 vad
3- vuqi;z ksx vk;keksa dh le>
3 vad
4- vFkZxfHkZr ys[ku@vkykspukRed fo'ys"k.k@Hkkoh ekWMy
4 vad
10-- 'kkjhfjd f'k{kk vè;kidksa ds fy, ekxZn'kZu
'kkjhfjd f'k{kk dk vè;kiu lS)kafrd Kku dh le> dk lfEeJ.k gS ftldk iz;ksx fofHkUu [ksyksa ,oa dwn ds izn'kZu
esa fd;k tkuk gSA rnuqlkj d{kk&11oha ,oa 12oha Lrj ij ikB~;Øe ds lEiknu gsrq lq>k, x, fuEufyf[kr fopkjksa dks
ekxZn'kZu ds :i esa iz;Dq r djuk pkfg,A 1] 3] 4] 5 ,oa 6] 7 dks iw.kZr;k Kkr@rF; vaxhdkj gksus pkfg,A 8 ikB~;Øe
dh varoZLrq] dk;ZHkkj@f'k{k.k ds ?kVd] vfèkdre vadksa dk vkcaVu] isij lsfVax rFkk ijh{kk ds fy, lsV iz'uksa dh izÑfr
dh O;oLFkk djrk gSA ;g rnuqlkj ikB~;Øe dks iwjk djus ds fy, vè;kidksa gsrq ekxZn'kZu eqg;S k djrk gSA 9- fo|kfFkZ;ksa
dh mÙkj&iqfLrdkvksa ds ewY;kadu drkZvksa }kjk vuqlj.k dh tkus okyh ekxZnf'kZdk eqg;S k djkrk gSA mlds lacèa k esa vè;kidksa
ds fy, ;g vko';d gS fd os ewY;kadu ds ?kVdksa dks Hkh le>sAa
ikB~;Øe dh izR;sd ;wfuV dks vo'; i<+k;k tk,xk o fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks voèkkj.kk ¼ifjHkk"kk,a] O;k[;k,a vkfn½ ds Kku]
O;k[;k ,oa o.kZu esa le>] 'kkjhfjd f'k{kk esa [ksydwn o thou ds fofHkUu foU;kl esa vuqi;z ksxA
mnkgj.k % bdkbZ&2] d{kk&11oha
275
'kkjhfjd f'k{kk esa thfodk ds vk;ke
thfodk fodYi 'kkjhfjd f'k{kk] ikjEifjd o mHkjrh izof` Ùk;ksa esa D;k thfodk,a gS\
iz f 'k{k.k@vuq f 'k{k.k] LokLF; la c a è kh thfodk] iz ' kklu la c a è kh thfodk,a ] iz n 'kZ u la c a è kh thfodk,a
¼deZpkfj;ks@a f[kykfM+;ks@a fjdkWMl
~Z @fjiksVZ bR;kfn½ lai"sz k.k ¼i=kdkfjrk] QksVksxkz Qh] Vh-oh-] fjiksVjZ ] iqLrd izdk'ku] ys[ku]
m|ksx] ekdsfZ Vax] foØ;] bosVa eSut
s esVa bR;kfn½
2-2 fofHkUu thfodkvksa ds fy, fofHkUu fo'ofo|ky;ksa esa fofHkUu fMxzh ,oa fMIyksek] ik=krk dkslZ dh vofèk]
fofHkUu dkslZ djkus okyh fofHkUu laLFkk,a
2-3 thfodk pquko esa Lo&ewY;kadu ,oa vfHkizsj.kkA izsjd ds :i esa dk;Z djus okys dkjd vkSj [ksydwn
thfodk pquus ds fy, O;fDrxr bPNk ds ewY;kadu ds fy, ekudA
ikB~;Øe ds fofHkUu Hkkxksa dh fofHkUu voèkkj.kkvksa dh le> vkSj Kku dks ykxw djus ds :i esa rkRdkfyd
lkekftd foU;kl esa lkeqnkf;d vkèkkfjr dk;ZØe] O;fDrxr@lewg los{Z k.k] lk{kkRdkj ,oa fDot dk mÙkjnkf;Ro
ysuk pkfg,A
tgk¡ rd lEHko gks JO;&n`'; enn dk lgkjk] ckrphr] jsfM;ks] Vh-oh-] izkstsDVj bR;kfn fo"k; dks Li"V
djus ds fy, djuk pkfg,A
ikB~;Øe ds iz;ksxkRed ?kVd ds fy, ikB~;p;kZ dks izek.ku] izn'kZu eSpksa] iz;ksxkRed eSpksa [ksydwn esa
n{krk] okf"kZdksRlo] okf"kZd [ksydwn fnol bR;kfn ds ekè;e ls lEikfnr djuk pkfg,A vfèkxe ?kVd ds egRo
dk rqyukRed fuèkkZj.k ijh{kkFkhZ ds izn'kZu ds vkèkkj ij fd;k tk,A vkUrfjd ewY;kadu fujUrj ,oa izxfr'khy
gksuk pkfg,A
276
Hkkx&x
VªSd ,.M QhYM
iz;ksxkRed % 10 vad
1-- rst nkSM+ vkSj fjys
(i)
mfpr vuqn's kksa dk iz;ksx djrs gq, CykWDl ds lkFk vkjEHk djus dk vH;klA
(ii)
le; fØ;k vofèk&izfrfØ;kRed le;] CykWd] fudklh dk le;] xfro)Zu le;] xfr j[k&j[kko dk le;]
lekiu le;A
Js.khdj.k dh ;kstuk
¼d½ 100 ehVj nkSM+
yM+ds
yM+fd;ka
11-5 lSdUMl ls uhps
= A1
13-7 lSdUMl ls 14-4 lSdUMl
= A1
11-6 lSdUMl ls 12-3 lSdUMl
= A2
14-5 lSdUMl ls 15-2 lSdUMl
= A2
12-4 lSdUMl ls 13-1 lSdUMl
= B1
15-3 lSdUMl ls 16-0 lSdUMl
= B1
13-2 lSdUMl ls 13-9 lSdUMl
= B2
16-1 lSdUMl ls 16-8 lSdUMl
= B2
14-0 lSdUMl ls 14-7 lSdUMl
= C1
16-9 lSdUMl ls 17-7 lSdUMl
= C1
14-8 lSdUMl ls 15-5 lSdUMl
= C2
17-8 lSdUMl ls 18-5 lSdUMl
= C2
15-6 lSdUMl ls 16-3 lSdUMl
= D1
18-6 lSdUMl ls 19-4 lSdUMl
= D1
19-4 lSdUMl ls 20-1 lSdUMl
= D2
16-4 lSdUMl ls 17-1 lSdUMl
17-2 lSdUMl ls Åij
= D2
=E
20-2 lSdUMl vkSj Åij
=E
¼[k½ 200 ehVj nkSM+
yM+ds
yM+fd;ka
25-0 lSdUMl ls uhps
= A1
24-0 lSdUMl ls 14-4 lSdUMl
= A1
25-1 lSdUMl ls 26-0 lSdUMl
= A2
24-1 lSdUMl ls 27-0 lSdUMl
= A2
26-1 lSdUMl ls 27-0 lSdUMl
= B1
27-1 lSdUMl ls 30-0 lSdUMl
= B1
27-1 lSdUMl ls 28-0 lSdUMl
= B2
30-1 lSdUMl ls 33-0 lSdUMl
= B2
28-1 lSdUMl ls 29-0 lSdUMl
= C1
33-1 lSdUMl ls 36-0 lSdUMl
= C1
36-1 lSdUMl ls 39-0 lSdUMl
= C2
29-1 lSdUMl ls
30-0 lSdUMl
= C2
30-1 lSdUMl ls 31-0 lSdUMl
= D1
39-1 lSdUMl ls 42-0 lSdUMl
= D1
31-1 lSdUMl ls 32-0 lSdUMl
= D2
42-1 lSdUMl ls 45-1 lSdUMl
= D2
32-1 lSdUMl ls Åij
=E
45-1 lSdUMl vkSj Åij
277
=E
¼x½ 400 ehVj nkSM+
yM+ds
yM+fd;ka
56-0 lSdUMl ls uhps
= A1
68 lSdUMl ls 14-4 lSdUMl
= A1
56-1 lSdUMl ls 58-0 lSdUMl
= A2
68-1 lSdUMl ls 15-2 lSdUMl
= A2
58-1 lSdUMl ls 60-0 lSdUMl
= B1
71-1 lSdUMl ls 16-0 lSdUMl
= B1
60-1 lSdUMl ls 62-0 lSdUMl
= B2
74-1 lSdUMl ls 16-8 lSdUMl
= B2
62-1 lSdUMl ls 64-0 lSdUMl
= C1
77-1 lSdUMl ls 17-7 lSdUMl
= C1
64-1 lSdUMl ls 66-0 lSdUMl
= C2
80-1 lSdUMl ls 18-5 lSdUMl
= C2
66-1 lSdUMl ls 68-0 lSdUMl
= D1
83-1 lSdUMl ls 19-4 lSdUMl
= D1
68-1 lSdUMl ls 70-0 lSdUMl
= D2
86-1 lSdUMl ls 20-1 lSdUMl
= D2
70-1 lSdUMl ls Åij
=E
89-1 lSdUMl vkSj Åij
=E
2-- eè;e vkSj yEch nwjh dh nkSM+
(i) mfpr
vkns'kksa dk iz;ksx djrs gq, [kM+h voLFkk esa vkjEHk djus dk vH;klA
(ii) {kerk&ijh{k.k
nkSM+ dh rduhd
Js.khdj.k dh ;kstuk
¼?k½ 800 ehVj nkSM+
yM+ds
yM+fd;k¡
2-10-0 vkSj uhps
= A1
2-45-0 vkSj uhps
2-10-1 ls 2-20-0
= A2
2-45-1 lSd- ls 2-55-0
= A2
2-20-1 ls 2-30-0
= B1
2-55-1 lSd- ls 3-05-0
= B1
2-30-1 ls 2-40-0
= B2
3-05-1 lSd- ls 3-15-0
= B2
2-40-1 ls 2-50-0
= C1
3-15-1 lSd- ls 3-25-0
= C1
2-50-0 ls 3-00-0
= C2
3-25-1 lSd- ls 3-35-0
= C2
3-00-1 ls 3-10-0
= D1
3-35-1 lSd- ls 3-45-0
= D1
3-00-1 ls 3-20-0
= D2
3-45-1 lSd- ls 3-55-0
= D2
3-20-1 vkSj Åij
=E
3-55-1 lSd- vkSj Åij
=E
¼³½ 1500 ehVj nkSM+ ¼dsoy yM+ds½
4-40-0 vkSj uhps
= A1
4-40-1 ls 4-50-0
= A2
4-50-1 ls 5-00-0
= B1
5-00-1 ls 5-10-0
= B2
278
= A1
5-10-1 ls 5-20-0
= C1
5-21-1 ls 5-30-0
= C2
5-31-1 ls 5-40-0
= D1
5-40-1 ls 4-50-0
= D2
5-50-1 vkSj Åij
=E
¼p½ 3000 ehVj nkSM+ ¼dsoy yM+dkas ds fy,½
10-30-0 vkSj uhps
= A1
10-30-1 ls 11-00-0
= A2
11-00-1 ls 11-30-0
= B1
11-30-1 ls 12-00-0
= B2
12-00-1 ls 12-30-0
= C1
12-30-1 ls 13-00-0
= C2
13-00-1 ls 13-30-0
= D1
13-30-1 ls 14-00-0
= D2
14-00-1 vkSj Åij
=E
ckèkk nkSM+
(i)
y;c)rk ls Vkax dks ?kqekus dh fØ;k
(ii)
fiNyh Vkax dh fØ;k
(iii)
ckèkk dwnrs le; 'kjhj dh fLFkfr
(iv) cktw
(v)
fØ;k
vkjEHk ls igyh ckèkk vkSj vU; ckèkkvksa ds eè; y;c)rk dk fodkl djukA
Js.khdj.k dh ;kstuk
¼yM+dksa ds fy,½
110 ehVj ckèkk
20-0 lSdUMl ls uhps
¼yM+fd;ksa ds fy,½
100 ehVj ckèkk
= A1
20-0 lSdUMl vkSj uhps
= A1
20-1 lSdUMl ls 21-0 lSdUMl
= A2
20-1 lSdUMl ls 21-0 lSdUMl
= A2
21-1 lSdUMl ls 22-0 lSdUMl
= B1
21-1 lSdUMl ls 22-0 lSdUMl
= B1
22-1 lSdUMl ls 23-0 lSdUMl
= B2
22-1 lSdUMl ls 23-0 lSdUMl
= B2
23-1 lSdUMl ls 24-0 lSdUMl
= C1
23-1 lSdUMl ls 24-0 lSdUMl
= C1
24-1 lSdUMl ls 25-0 lSdUMl
= C2
24-1 lSdUMl ls 25-0 lSdUMl
= C2
279
25-1 lSdUMl ls 26-0 lSdUMl
= D1
25-1 lSdUMl ls 26-0 lSdUMl
= D1
26-1 lSdUMl ls 27-0 lSdUMl
= D2
26-1 lSdUMl ls 27-0 lSdUMl
= D2
27-1 lSdUMl vkSj Åij
=E
27-1 lSdUMl vkSj Åij
=E
400 ehVj ckèkk nkSM+ ¼yM+dksas ds fy,½
65-0 lSdUMl ls uhps
= A1
65-1 lSdUMl ls 68-0 lSdUMl
= A2
68-1 lSdUMl ls 71-0 lSdUMl
= B1
71-1 lSdUMl ls 74-0 lSdUMl
= B2
74-1 lSdUMl ls 77-0 lSdUMl
= C1
77-1 lSdUMl ls 80-0 lSdUMl
= C2
80-1 lSdUMl ls 83-0 lSdUMl
= D1
83-1 lSdUMl ls 86-1 lSdUMl
= D2
86-1 lSdUMl ls Åij
=E
yEch dwn
vkxs dks nkSMu+ k
mNyuk ¼Vsd&vkWQ½
mM+us dh voLFkk ¼gok esa nkSMu+ s dh 'kSyh½
uhps mrjuk
Js.khdj.k dh ;kstuk
yM+ds
5-50 eh- ls Åij
yM+fd;k¡
= A1
5-00 eh- vkSj Åij
= A1
5-00 eh- ls 5-49 eh-
= A2
4-50 eh- ls 4-99 eh-
= A2
4-50 eh- ls 4-99 eh-
= B1
4-00 eh- ls 4-49 eh-
= B1
4-00 eh- ls 4-49 eh-
= B2
3-50 eh- ls 3-99 eh-
= B2
3-50 eh- ls 3-99 eh-
= C1
3-00 eh- ls 3-49 eh-
= C1
3-00 eh- ls 3-49 eh-
= C2
2-50 eh- ls 2-99 eh-
= C2
2-50 eh- ls 2-99 eh-
= D1
2-00 eh- ls 2-49 eh-
= D1
2-00 eh- ls 2-49 eh-
= D2
1-50 eh- ls 1-99 eh-
= D2
2-00 eh- ls uhps
=E
1-49 eh- vkSj uhps
280
=E
fVªiy tEi
¼dsoy yM+dksa ds fy,½
vkxs dh nkSM+
mNyuk
mNky] LVsi rFkk dwnus dk izn'kZu
uhps mrjuk
Js.khdj.k dh ;kstuk
12 eh- ls Åij = A1
11-50 eh- ls 11-99 eh- = A2
11-00 eh- ls 11-49 eh- = B1
10-50 eh- ls 10-99 eh- = B2
10-00 eh- ls 10-49 eh- = C1
9-50 eh- ls 9-99 eh- = C2
9-00 eh- ls 9-49 eh- = D1
8-50 eh- ls 8-99 eh- = D2
8-49 eh- ls Åij = E
Å¡ph dwn
vkxs dks nkSMu+ k
mNkyuk
mM+uk voLFkk ¼Vkax QSykdj½
uhps mrjuk
Js.khdj.k dh ;kstuk
yM+ds
1-79 eh- vkSj Åij
yM+fd;k¡
= A1
1-50 eh- vkSj Åij
= A1
1-60 eh- ls 1-69 eh-
= A2
1-45 eh- ls 1-49 eh-
= A2
1-50 eh- ls 1-59 eh-
= B1
1-40 eh- ls 1-44 eh-
= B1
1-40 eh- ls 1-49 eh-
= B2
1-30 eh- ls 1-39 eh-
= B2
1-30 eh- ls 1-39 eh-
= C1
1-20 eh- ls 1-29 eh-
= C1
1-20 eh- ls 1-29 eh-
= C2
1-10 eh- ls 1-19 eh-
= C2
1-10 eh- ls 1-19 eh-
= D1
1-10 eh- ls 1-09 eh-
= D1
281
1-10 eh- ls 1-09 eh-
= D2
0-90 eh- ls 0-99 eh-
=E
0-99 eh- ls uhps
0-89 eh- vkSj uhps
= D2
=E
xksyk iQsad ('kkWV&iqV)
fLFkfr@eqnkz
ljduk@fQlyuk
NksMu+ k
iyVuk
Js.khdj.k dh ;kstuk
yM+ds
yM+fd;k¡
10 eh- vkSj Åij
= A1
8-50 eh- vkSj Åij
9 eh- ls 9-99 eh-
= A2
7-50 eh- ls 8-49 eh-
= A2
8 eh- ls 8-99 eh-
= B1
6-50 eh- ls 7-49 eh-
= B1
7 eh- ls 7-99 eh-
= B2
5-50 eh- ls 6-49 eh-
= B2
6 eh- ls 6-99 eh-
= C1
4-50 eh- ls 5-49 eh-
= C1
5 eh- ls 5-99 eh-
= C2
3-50 eh- ls 4-49 eh-
= C2
4 eh- ls 4-99 eh-
= D1
3-00 eh- ls 3-39 eh-
= D1
3 eh- ls 3-99 eh-
= D2
2-50 eh- ls 2-99 eh-
= D2
2 eh- vkSj uhps
=E
2-49 eh- vkSj uhps
= A1
=E
pDdk iQsad (fMldl Fkzks)
fLFkfr@eqnkz
vkjfEHkd >wyuk
,d rFkk Ms<+ ?kqeko ds lkFk Qsd
a uk
iyVuk
Js.khdj.k dh ;kstuk
yM+ds
25 eh- ls Åij
yM+fd;k¡
= A1
20 eh- vkSj Åij
= A1
22 eh- ls 24-99 eh-
= A2
17 eh- ls 19-99 eh-
= A2
19 eh- ls 21-99 eh-
= B1
14 eh- ls 16-99 eh-
= B1
16 eh- ls 18-99 eh-
= B2
11 eh- ls 13-99 eh-
= B2
282
13 eh- ls 15-99 eh-
= C1
8 eh- ls 10-99 eh-
= C1
10 eh- ls 12-99 eh-
= C2
5 eh- ls 7-99 eh-
= C2
7 eh- ls 9-99 eh-
= D1
4 eh- ls 4-99 eh-
= D1
4 eh- ls 6-99 eh-
= D2
3 eh- ls 3-99 eh-
= D2
3-99 eh- vkSj uhps
=E
2-99 eh- vkSj uhps
=E
Hkkyk iQsad
idM+
Hkkyk ys tkuk
vkjEHk ls ikap dne y;c)rk ls vkxs c<+uk
NksMu+ k
iyVuk
Js.khdj.k dh ;kstuk
yM+ds
35 eh- ls Åij
yM+fd;k¡
= A1
22 eh- vkSj Åij
= A1
32 eh- ls 34-99 eh-
= A2
19 eh- ls 21-99 eh-
= A2
29 eh- ls 31-99 eh-
= B1
16 eh- ls 18-99 eh-
= B1
26 eh- ls 28-99 eh-
= B2
13 eh- ls 15-99 eh-
= B2
23 eh- ls 25-99 eh-
= C1
11 eh- ls 12-99 eh-
= C1
20 eh- ls 22-99 eh-
= C2
9 eh- ls 10-99 eh-
17 eh- ls 19-99 eh-
= D1
7 eh- ls 8-99 eh-
= D1
14 eh- ls 16-99 eh-
= D2
5 eh- ls 6-99 eh-
= D2
13-99 eh- vkSj uhps
=E
4-99 eh- vkSj uhps
=E
7- cSMfeUVu
dkS'ky
1- LVªkDs l
¼d½ QksjgS.M vkSj cSdgS.M vksoj gSMa LVªkDs l
(i)
ykWc
(ii)
VkWl
(iii)
fDy;j ¼vkØked o j{kkRed½
283
= C2
(iv)
Mªki
(v)
LeS'k
2- QksjgS.M rFkk cSdgS.M lkbM vkeZ LVªkDs l
¼d½ Mªkbo
3- QksjgS.M o cSdgS.M vUMj vkeZ LVªkDs l
¼d½ usV LVªkDs l
4- QksjgS.M o cSdgS.M ØkWl dksVZ LVªkDs l
5- nkao isp
a vkSj ;qfDr;ka
¼d½ [ksy dk rU=k
(i)
,dy [ksy
(ii)
[ksy dk ;qxy izfr:i
lkeus vkSj ihNs
lkbZM ckbZ lkbZM
jksV's ku
(iii)
fefJr ;qxy xse
Js.khdj.k dh ;kstuk
50% vad fo|kFkhZ ds oLrqfu"B ijh{k.k 50% vad okLrfod [ksy dh Js.kh ds izn'kZu ds vkèkkj ij vfèkekur% rhu
'kkjhfjd f'k{kk ds is'ksoj vè;kidksa }kjk fn, tk,¡xAs
I. csMfeUVu ds fofHkUu dkS'kyksa dks Js.khc) djus gsrq ,d ukS fcUnqh; ekin.M mi;ksx djuk pkfg,A
fofHkUu izdkj dh lfoZl] LVªkDs l dh {kerk rFkk fofHkUu izdkj dh lfoZl vkSj LVªkDs l dks izkIr djus dh {kerk ds
vkèkkj ij Js.khdj.k fd;k tkuk pkfg, rFkk bldh ;kstuk f'k{kd dks Lo;a rS;kj djuh pkfg,A
uksV lfoZl ijh{k.k gsrq {ks=kksa dks dksVZ ij fpfUgr djuk pkfg,A
II. fofHkUu dkS'kyksa esa ijh{k.k ds vfrfjDr] fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks [ksy ifjfLFkfr ds fy, vyx ls Js.khc) fd;k tkuk
pkfg,A fo|kfFkZ;ksa dk Js.khdj.k djrs le; fuEu fcUnqvksa dk è;ku j[kuk pkfg,A
1- j{kk
2- vkØe.k
3- QqVodZ
4- eqnkz
5- iwokZuqeku
9- ckWLdsVcky
1- cky lEHkkyuk vaxfq y;ksa }kjk idM+us dh fLFkfr] 'kjhj] eqnkz ] ckWy ds lkFk f[kykM+h ds [kM+s gksus dh fLFkfr
284
2- cky idM+uk ¼fjflfoax½ izkIr djus ds dkS'ky
3- ikflax dkS'ky ¼tksM+kas esa fMªYl@O;k;ke½
¼d½ nks gkFk ls psLVikl
¼[k½ nks gkFk ls ckmal ikl
¼x½ nks gkFk ls vUMjgS.M ikl ¼nkb±@ckb± rjQ½
¼?k½ nks gkFk ls vksoj gsM ikl
4- fMªcfyax xfr ds lkFk Åaph fMªfCyax] oSdfYid gkFkksa dk iz;ksx] uhph fMªCy
5- 'kwfVax
¼d½ nks gkFk ls lSV 'kkWV
¼[k½ nks gkFk ls Ýh Fkzks
¼x½ nk,¡ gkFk dk iz;ksx djrs gq, ys&vi 'kkWV ¼daèks ls Åij½
6- QqVodZ f[kykM+h ds [kM+s gksus dh fLFkfr] iSjksa dh fLFkfr] gkFkksa dh fLFkfr] izkjafHkd 'kQfyax o fQlyus dh fØ;k
¼fMªYl½
7- dsUnz #dk gqvk dsUnz
8- oS;fDrd j{kk f[kykM+h ds [kM+s gksus dh fLFkfr] gkFkksa dh fLFkfr] iSjksa dh fLFkfr] j{kd dh ckWLdsV o izfr}U}h
ds eè; fLFkfrA
9- Vhe j{kk O;fDr ls O;fDr j{kk
10- Vhe nks"k QkLV czd
s nks"k
11- eq[; [ksy@fjys
¼d½ dSIVu ckWy
¼[k½ fiu ckWLdsV ckWy
¼x½ 5 ikl ¼ÝUV dksV½Z
¼?k½ fMªfCyax fjys
¼³½ fMªfCyax vkSj ikflax fjys
¼p½ ys vi 'kwfVax fjys
12- i<+k;s x, j{kkRed o vkØked 'kSfy;ksa dk iz;ksx djrs gq, iwjk dksVZ o vkèkk dksVZ dh xse ifjfLFkfrA
Js.khdj.k dh ;kstuk
50» vad fo|kFkhZ ds oLrqfu"B ijh{k.k o 50% vad okLrfod [ksy dh Js.kh ds izn'kZu ds vkèkkj ij vfèkekur%
rhu 'kkjhfjd f'k{kk ds is'ksoj vè;kidkssa }kjk fn, tk,¡xAs
oLrqfu"B fuèkkZj.k
lSV 'kwfVax
¼¼10 volj½
285
1- fjax ls 20 nwj½ ¼nks iz;klksa esa ls loksÙZ ke½
,d vad izR;sd lQy volj ds fy,A
uksV tks fo|kFkhZ lHkh volj fel djsxk mls ,d
vad feysxkA
2- dsUnz fcUnq 'kkWV ¼#ds gq,½ 10 volj Ýh
,d vad izR;sd lQy volj ijA
uksV tks fo|kFkhZ ckWLdsV esa ,d Hkh ckWy ugha Mky
ik,xk mls ,d vad feysxkA
Fkzks ykbZu ls ¼izR;sd lkbM ls 3½ vkSj
,d Ýh Fkzks ykbu ls ¼nks iz;klksa esa loksÙZ ke½
3- ckWLdsV ds nksuksa rjQ ls lrr~ ys&vi 'kwfVax ¼yS¶V] lsUVj] jkbV½ fiNyh lsUVj ykbu ls vkjfEHkd fcUnq ls fMªCy
djrs gq, lekiu djukA ¼Vkbfeax@'kwfVax egRoiw.kZ gS½a
yM+ d s
fn;s tkus okys vad
22 lSdUMl vkSj uhps
10
22-1 ls 22-5 lSdUMl
9
22-6 ls 23-0 lSdUMl
8
23-1 ls 23-5 lSadM
7
23-6 ls 24-0 lSdUMl
6
24-1 ls 24-5 lSdUMl
5
24-1 ls 25-0 lSdUMl
4
24-6- ls 25-5 lSdUMl
3
25-6 ls 26-0 lSdUMl
2
26-1 ls 26-5 lSdUMl
1
yM+fd;k¡
24-0- lSdUMl vkSj uhps
10
24-1- ls 24-5 lSdUMl
9
24-6- ls 25-0 lSdUMl
8
25-1- ls 25-5 lSdUMl
7
25-6- ls 26-0 lSdUMl
6
26-1- ls 26-5 lSdUMl
5
26-6- ls 27-0 lSdUMl
4
27-1- ls 27-5 lSdUMl
3
286
27-6- ls 28-0 lSdUMl
2
28-1- ls 28-5 lSdUMl
1
uks V
,d rjQ ls ckWLdsV esa tc rd ckWy u Mkyh tk,] fo|kFkhZ dks nwljh rjQ 'kwfVax ds fy, ugha tkuk pkfg,A
4- fxo ,.M xks ys&vi ¼lsUVj ls½
nl volj ¼izR;sd lQy iz;kl ij ,d vad½
¼nks iz;klksa esa ls loksÙZ ke½
uks V ,d fo|kFkhZ tks ,d Hkh vad izkIr ugha djrk mls ,d vad feyrk gSA
5- ftx&tSx fMªCyl
¼ry dh pkSM+kbZ½
fn, tkus okys vad
yM+ d s
uks V
yM+fd;k¡
10-5 lSdUMl vkSj uhps
10
11-0 lSdUMl vkSj uhps
10
10-6 lSdUMl ls 10-5 lSdUMl
9
11-1 lSdUMl ls 11-5 lSdUMl
9
11-1 lSdUMl ls 11-5 lSdUMl
8
11-6 lSdUMl ls 12-0 lSdUMl
9
11-6 lSdUMl ls 12-0 lSdUMl
7
12-1 lSdUMl ls 12-5 lSdUMl
9
12-1 lSdUMl ls 12-5 lSdUMl
6
12-6 lSdUMl ls 13-0 lSdUMl
9
12-6 lSdUMl ls 13-0 lSdUMl
5
13-1 lSdUMl ls 13-5 lSdUMl
9
13-1 lSdUMl ls 13-5 lSdUMl
4
13-6 lSdUMl ls 14-0 lSdUMl
9
13-6 lSdUMl ls 14-0 lSdUMl
3
14-1 lSdUMl ls 14-5 lSdUMl
9
14-1 lSdUMl ls 14-5 lSdUMl
2
14-6 lSdUMl ls 15-0 lSdUMl
9
14-6 lSdUMl ls 15-0 lSdUMl
1
15-1 lSdUMl ls 15-5 lSdUMl
9
1- ,d lkbM ykbZu esa 1-50 ehVj nwjh ij 5 bf.M;u Dyc O;ofLFkr fd, tkrs gSa ¼izR;sd Dyc ds eè;½A
f[kykM+h ,d lkbM ykbZu ls ftx&tSx fMªfCyax djrs gq, vkjEHk djrk gS vkSj nwljh lkbM ykbu dks ftx&tSx
fMªfCyax djrs gq, ikj djrk gS rFkk vkjfEHkd fcUnq ij lekiu djrk gSA nwljs gkFk dk fMªfCyax ds fy,
mi;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gSA
2- igyk o vafre bafM;u Dyc lacfa èkr nks lkbZM&ykbu ls pkj ehVj nwj gksrk gSA
5-- QqVcky
¼dsoy yM+dksa ds fy,½
dkS'ky
1- fdfdax
¼d½ fdfdax vkèkkjHkwr
(i) buLVsi
fdd
287
(ii) iSj
ds vUnj dh rjQ fdd
(iii) iSj
ds ckgj dh rjQ fdd
¼[k½ fdlh ,d ik¡o ls ykW¶VsM fdd
¼x½ bu fLoax o vkmV&fLoax dk vH;kl
¼?k½ dkuZj fdd dk vH;kl&ykWfcax&fDyi 'kkWVl] vkSj isuYVh fdd
u, la'kksèkuksa ij fo'ks"k è;ku nsrs gq,
2-- ikflax vkSj bUVj&ikflax
¼d½ nks f[kykfM+;ksa ds eè; baVjikflax
¼[k½ rhu f[kykfM+;ksa esa baVjikflax
¼x½ rhu O;fDr cukoV ¼oho½
¼?k½ fofHkUu {ks=kksa esa pkj f[kykfM+;ksa esa baVjikflax
¼³½ lacfa èkr vH;kl
3-- lEHkkyuk@jksduk
¼d½ jksduk o tYnckth esa VSdfyax
¼[k½ fQlyrs gq, jksduk
¼x½ lacfa èkr vH;kl
4-- gS f Ma x
¼d½ gSfMax ls lacfa èkr vH;kl
¼[k½ yhM vi fMªYl
5- xsna yq<+dkrs gq, ys tkuk
fØ;kRed izf'k{k.k ls esy [kkrh fMªcfyax dk vH;kl
6-- xks y &dhfia x
¼d½ vkèkkjHkwr fLFkfr ls ckWy izkIr djuk] pSyUs tM iksth'ku] Ýh ckWy vkSj pSyUs tM ifjfLFkfr dk iwokZueq ku
rFkk izxkeh@vkxkeh
¼[k½ Åij gok eas vkbZ cky dh iafpx vkSj fQlfVax
¼x½ isuYVh fdd ls j{kk ,oa cpko
7-- eq[; o vU; [ksy
¼d½ gSfMax ckyhckWy
¼[k½ Vw ckWy lkWdj
¼x½ Qkbo , lkbM QqVcky
8-- [ksy ifjfLFkfr o eqnzkRed [ksy ds fy, vH;kl
288
9-- nkao] isap] dksfpax o [ksy
[ksy dh ;qfDr;ksa ds ckjs esa lkekU; dk;ZØe
¼d½ eqnkz Red [ksy o [ksy ds izkjafHkd nkaoisp
a
¼[k½ daMh'kuM [ksy o lewg vH;kl
¼x½ vkjEHk o iquk%jEHk
¼?k½ j{kk ,oa vkØe.k ds rRo
¼³½ Vw cSd flLVe o Fkzh cSd flLVe
¼p½ {ks=kh; j{kk vkSj eSu Vw eSu j{kk ds fl)kUr
¼N½ MCy;w- ,oa ,e vkØe.k dk fofuekZ.k
¼t½ Ýh fdd] isuYVh fdd vkSj dkuZj fdd ls j{kk vkSj vkØe.k
¼>½ izfrdwy n'kkvksa esa j{kk vkSj vkØe.k ds nkaoisp
a
Js.khdj.k dh ;kstuk
50% vad fo|kFkhZ ds oLrqfu"B ijh{k.k o 50% vad okLrfod [ksy dh Js.kh ds izn'kZu ds vkèkkj ij vfèkekur%
rhu 'kkjhfjd f'k{kk ds is'ksoj vè;kidksa }kjk fn, tk,axAs
2-- #dh gqbZ ckWy fdd djuk ¼ykW¶VsM fdd½ nk;ka o ck;ka iSj ¼loksZÙke iSj½
45 eh- ls Åij
= A1
40 eh- ls 44 eh-
= A2
35 eh- ls 44 eh-
= B1
30 eh- ls 34 eh-
= B2
25 eh- ls 29 eh-
= C1
20 eh- ls 24 eh-
= C2
15 eh- ls 19 eh-
= D1
10 eh- ls 14 eh-
= D2
vkSj 10 eh- ls uhps = E
3-- Mªki&'kkWV ¼gkWQ okyh½
60 eh- ls Åij = A1
50 eh- ls 59 eh- = A2
40 eh- ls 49 eh- = B1
30 eh- ls 39 eh- = B2
20 eh- ls 29 eh- = C1
15 eh- ls 19 eh- = C2
289
= D1
10 eh- ls 14 eh4 eh- ls 9 eh-
= D2
vkSj 4 eh- ls uhps
=E
4-- VªfS iax 20 QhV dh ÅapkbZ ls fxjrh ckWy dks VªSi djuk ¼¼9 volj izR;sd lQy iz;kl ij ,d
va d A½
5- nwjh ds fy, gSfMax
21 eh-
= A1
18 eh-
= A2
15 eh--
= B1
12 eh-
= B2
9 eh-
= C1
6 eh-
= C2
3 eh-
= D1
1 eh-
= D2
1 eh- ds uhps
=E
+ 6- ckWy yq<+dkrs gq, nkSM+uk ¼fMªcfyax½ ckWy fu;af=kr djuk] vkSj lSUVj lfdZy ls 'kwfVax o isuYVh
{ks=k ls 'kwfVax] xfr ,oa 'kq)rk rFkk xksy iksLV ij lVhd 'kkWV ds ekè; o ekudksa ds vkèkkj ij
fu;e cuk, tk ldrs gSaA
mPp Js.kh dh dkS'ky iw.kZ fMªcy
'kq) vkSj rst 'kkWV
= A2
rst o lVhd 'kkWV
= B1
= A1
i;kZIr :i ls rst o lVhd 'kkWV
èkheh ijUrq lVhd 'kkWV
= C1
vfr èkheh ijUrq lVhd 'kkWV
èkheh ij yxHkx fel 'kkWV
èkheh ij vfu;fU=kr 'kkWV
y{; jfgr 'kkWV
= B2
= C2
= D1
= D2
=E
Hkkx&x
lew g [ks y
izR;sd oxZ esa fuEu esa ls dksbZ nksA izR;sd o"kZ fofHkUu [ksy@ØhM+k fy, tk,¡A
290
gkWdh
dkS'ky
I.
lhèks izgkj ¼fgV½ dks jksduk
¼d½ mYVk izgkj vkSj jksduk
¼[k½ xyr iSj ij izgkj
II.
lhèks èkdsyuk ¼iq'k½ vkSj jksduk
¼d½ mYVs èkdsyuk vkSj jksduk
¼[k½ xyr iSj ij èkdsyuk
III.
fudkyuk ¼Ldwi½
¼d½ èkdsydj fudkyuk
¼[k½ mBkuk ;k ys tkuk
IV.
f¶yd
¼d½ lhèkk f¶yd
¼[k½ mYVk f¶yd
V.
VI.
yq<+drs gq, xsan vkxs ys tkuk
ikfla x
¼d½ vkxs ikl
¼[k½ okfil ikl
¼x½ eksM+dj ikl
¼?k½ LFkku cnyuk
VII.
iS r js c kth
¼d½ fojksèkh ds ck,a vksj ls iSrjsca kth
¼[k½ fojksèkh ds nk,a vksj ls iSra jsckth
¼x½ Mcy iSra jsckth
VIII.
fofHkUu rduhd
¼d½ isuYVh dkuZj
¼[k½ dkuZj
¼x½ isuYVh LVªkd
s
291
¼?k½ iq'k bu
¼³½ xksydhfiax
IX.
lEHkkyuk
(Tackling)
¼v½ >iVuk
¼c½ nkao&isp
a
X.
XI.
XII
XII.
vkØe.k esa [ksy&eqnzk
j{kk esa [ksy&eqnzk
vkØe.k o j{kk esa lkekU; nkaoisap o ;qfDr;k¡
usr`Ro [ksy] O;k;ke] vkèkkjHkwr dkS'kyksa ds lqèkkj ds fy, NksVs&eksVs [ksy vkSj fjysA
Js.khdj.k dh ;kstuk
50% vad oLrqfu"B ijh{k.k ds le; fo|kFkhZ ds fu"iknu ds vkèkkj ij fn, tk,axs vkSj 50% vad okLrfod [ksy
dh Js.kh ds vkèkkj ij vfèkekur% rhu 'kkjhfjd f'k{kk ds is'ksoj vè;kidksa }kjk fn, tk,axAs
1-- yq<+dkuk vkSj iSarjsckth
(Dodging)
,d js[kk ij 5 èot ,d nwljs ls 5 QqV dh nwjh ij yxk fn, tk,axAs f[kykfM+;ksa dks èotksa ds chp esa ykbu
ds fudV rd ftx&tsx xsna yq<+dkuh o iSrjsca kth djuh gksxh rFkk mUgsa okfil vkuk gksxkA nks volj fn,
tk,axsA
2-- èkds y uk
yM+dksa ds fy, 30 ;kMZ o yM+fd;ksa ds fy, 20 ;kMZ dh nwjh ls xsna dks èkdsyuk
,d lQy iz;kl ij ,d vadA
3- nwjh ds fy, izgkj
(Pushing) gksxkA
(Hitting)
xksy js[kk ls xksy rd ¼nks ijh{k.kksa esa vPNa okyk½
yM+ds
80 eh- ls Åij
yM+fd;k¡
= A1
50 eh- ls Åij
= A1
70 eh- ls 79 eh-
= A2
45 eh- ls 49 eh-
= A2
60 eh- ls 69 eh-
= B1
40 eh- ls 44 eh-
= B1
50 eh- ls 59 eh-
= B2
35 eh- ls 39 eh-
= B2
40 eh- ls 49 eh-
= C1
30 eh- ls 34 eh-
= C1
30 eh- ls 39 eh-
= C2
25 eh- ls 29 eh-
= C2
20 eh- ls 29 eh-
= D1
20 eh- ls 24 eh-
= D1
10 eh- ls 19 eh-
= D2
10 eh- ls 19 eh-
= D2
10 eh- vkSj uhps
=E
10 eh- vkSj uhps
=E
292
uks 9 iz;klA
4-- lEHkyus@jksdus (Tackling) dk ijh{k.k
izn'kZu ds vkèkkj ij vad fn, tk,axAs
2-- Vscy Vsful
1-- lfoZ l
¼d½ pkWiM (Chopped) lfoZl
¼[k½ lkbZM fLiu lfoZl
2-- iz g kj (Strokes)
¼d½ j{kkRed izgkj
(i) Cykd okilh
(ii) ywi okilh
(iii) VkWi fLiu izgkjksa dks dkVuk ¼cSdgS.M o Qksj gS.M½
(iv) lhèkh okilh
¼[k½ vkØe.k izgkj
(i) xsn
a jksduk
(ii) yi VkWi fLiu ckWy
(iii) lkbZM fLiu xsn
a
(iv) lhèkk izgkj ¼QksjgS.M o cSdgS.M½
(v) pkWi vkØe.k ¼QksjgS.M o cSdgS.M½
3-- izkIr djuk (Receiving)
¼d½ lkbM fLiu lfoZl izkIr djuk
(i) QksjgS.M lkbZM fLiu lfoZl
(ii) dsèa ks ds Lrj rd QksjgS.M lkbZM fLiu lfoZl
(iii) cSdgS.M lkbZM iqy lfoZl
¼[k½ fofHkUu izdkj ds izgkjksa (Strokes) dks izkIr djuk
(i) ftrus Hkh vc rd i<+k, x, lHkh vkØked izgkjksa ls
(ii) ftrus Hkh vc rd i<+k, x, lHkh j{kkRed izgkjksa ls
4-- nkao isap
¼d½ eè;&nwjh ¼vky&jkmaMj½ nkao&isp
a
¼[k½ ifjofrZr nkao&isp
a
¼x½ iwokZuqeku
¼?k½ [ksy eqnkz
¼³½ QqVodZ ¼iSjksa dh y;c)rk½
Js.khdj.k dh ;kstuk
293
50% vad oLrqfu"B ijh{k.k ds le; fo|kFkhZ ds izn'kZu ds vkèkkj ij o 50% vad okLrfod [ksy dh Js.kh ds izn'kZu
ds vkèkkj ij vfèkekur% rhu 'kkjhfjd f'k{kk ds is'ksoj vè;kidksa }kjk fn, tk,¡xAs
VscyVsful dh fofHkUu rduhdksa dks Js.khc) djus gsrq ,d ukS&fcUnq ekiØe dks iz;ksx fd;k tkuk pkfg,A oLrqfu"B
vadksa gsrq ,d ls vfèkd O;fDr;ksa dks fo|kFkhZ dks dksfVc)@Js.khc) djuk pkfg, %
fofHkUu izdkj dh lfoZl izgkj rFkk fofHkUu lfoZlksa rFkk izgkjkssa dks izkIr djus dh {kerk dks fuEu izdkj ls Js.khc)
fd;k tkrk gS
A1 = 9
vad
A2 = 8
vad
B1 = 7
vad
B2 = 6
vad
C1 = 5 vad
C2 = 4
vad
D1 = 3
vad
D2 = 2
vad
E=1
vad vkSj uhpsA
2- fofHkUu rduhdksa esa fo|kFkhZ dk ijh{k.k djus ds vfrfjDr] mls [ksy ifjfLFkfr vuqlkj vyx ls Js.khc) fd;k
tkuk pkfg,A Js.khdj.k ,d ls vfèkd O;fDr;ksa }kjk fd;k tkuk pkfg,A Js.khdj.k djrs le; fuEufyf[kr fcUnqvksa dks
è;ku esa j[kuk pkfg,A
¼d½ j{kk
¼[k½ vkØe.k
¼x½ QqVodZ
¼?k½ eqnkz
¼³½ iwokZuqeku
[kks&[kks
1-- ihNk djus ds dkS'ky
ky&
Qalkuk] >iVuk] #ds gq, >iVuk] nkSM+rs gq, >iVuk] fdlh ,d gkFk ls iSj dks Nwuk] ØkWl js[kk ds iksLV ds
lkFk&lkFk ?klhVukA
2-- nkSM+us ds dkS'ky
f'kdats ls cpko] nwj jguk] f'kdatk] ihNk djus okys dks ykyp nsdj FkdkukA
3-- nkSM+us dh fofèk;k¡
fjax [ksy] ÝaV fjax] cSd fjax] izkFkfed o ckn dh eqnzk] fofHkUu dkS'kyksa dk cny&cny dj mi;ksx
djukA
294
4- rS;kjh ds fy, [ksy
(i)
vkR;k&ikR;k
(ii)
Fkzh Mhi
(iii)
lathouh ¼thounku ;k fo"kve`r½
Js.khdj.k dh ;kstuk
50% vad oLrqfu"B ijh{k.k ds le; fo|kFkhZ ds izn'kZu ds vkèkkj ij 50% vad oLrqfu"B] [ksy dh Js.kh ds izn'kZu ds
vkèkkj ij vfèkekur% rhu 'kkjhfjd f'k{kk ds is'ksoj vè;kidksa }kjk fn, tk,axAs
1- 'kkjhfjd {kerk ijh{k.k vkSj rsth ls nkSM+uk
9 vad
2- ihNk djus ds dkS'ky dk ijh{k.k
9 vad
3- nkSM+us ds dkS'ky dk ijh{k.k
9 vad
4- nkSM+us dh fofèk;ksa dk ijh{k.k
9 vad
5- lkekU; [ksy {kerk,¡ vkSj la;kstu
9 vad
uks V 1- Åij nh xbZ en la[;k 2] 3 o 4 dh n'kk esa fo|kFkhZ dks fdUgha nks dkS'ky dk izn'kZu djus dks dgk tk
ldrk gS vkSj mudh 'kq)rk o izHkko'khyrk ds vkèkkj ij vad fn, tk,axAs
2- fo|kFkhZ dks okLrfod [ksy dh ifjfLFkfr esa vius dks'ky izn'kZu ds vkèkkj ij Js.khc) fd;k tk,xkA
rSjkdh vkSj xksrk[kksjh
dkS'ky
1-- cSd
¼d½
¼[k½
¼x½
¼?k½
LVªksd
ckWy ;k lkFkh dh lgk;rk ls :dh gqbZ Vkax dh fØ;k
gkFkksa dks tka?kksa ds ikl j[krs gq, ;k [khaprs gq, fgykus ds lkFk Vkax fØ;kA
lkFkh ;k lh<+h dh lgk;rk ls cktw dh fØ;k] cktqvks dks ckjh&ckjh ls lapkyuA
Vkax o cktw fØ;k dk la;kstuA pwf¡ d tyLrj ls eqga Åij jgrk gS] blfy, lk¡l ysus esa dksbZ dfBukbZ ugha
gksrhA
¼³½ ,d ckj fØ;k,a lefUor gks tkrh gS rc xfr lqèkkj ds fy, iz;kl djuk pkfg,A
2-- cVj¶ykbZ LVªksd
¼d½ de xgjs ikuh ij [kM+h eqnkz esa cktw fØ;k
¼[k½ lery eqnkz eas fgyus ij cktw fØ;kA
¼x½ nhokj dh lgk;rk@lgkjs ls [kM+s gq, o lery fLFkfr esa vkjafHkd dwYgksa dk lapkyuA dwYgksa dks ckjh&ckjh
Åij vkSj uhps fd;k tk,A
¼?k½ lkbM ij vFkok lkeus cktw ds lkFk MkWyfQu fddA
¼³½ 'kjhj ds lkFk lkbM ij MkWyfQu fdd
295
¼p½ cktw] Vkax lapkyu vkSj lkal dks lefUor djus ds fy, èkhes iz;kl ds lkFk Qqy LVªkd
s A
3- os;fDrd esMyh vkSj Ýh LVkby fjys
4- LVkVZl
~ ¼vkjEHk½ vkSj VuZ ¼eqM+uk½
LVkal
(i)
idM+uk
(ii) ijEijkxr ¼pØh; cktw >wykuk½
(iii) cUp LVkVZ
(iv) Vªd
S LVkVZ
(Circular Arm Swing)
eqMu+ k
(i)
pØh; eksM+
(ii) Fkzks VuZ
(iii) f¶yi VuZ
5-- xksrk [kksjh ¼Mkbo½
¼d½ cSd Mkbo
¼[k½ buoMZ Mkbo
Js.khdj.k dh ;kstuk
50% oLrqfu"B ijh{k.k ds le; fo|kFkhZ
vkèkkj ij vfèkekur% rhu 'kkjhfjd f'k{kk ds
dw V @dks M
csLV LVªksd
A1
0 fe- 40 lSdUM
A2
0 fe- 50 lSdUM
B1
1 fe- 00 lSdUM
B2
1 fe- 10 lSdUM
C1
1 fe- 20 lSdUM
C2
1 fe- 30 lSdUM
D1
1 fe- 40 lSdUM
D2
1 fe- 50 lSdUM
E
2 fe- 00 lSdUM
ds izn'kZu ds vkèkkj o 50% vad okLrfod [ksy
is'ksoj vè;kidksa }kjk fn, tk,¡xAs
Ýh LVkby
cSd LVªksd
0 fe- 30 lSdUM
0 fe- 35 lSdUM
0 fe- 40 lSdUM
0 fe- 45 lSdUM
0 fe- 50 lSdUM
0 fe- 55 lSdUM
1 fe- 00 lSdUM
1 fe- 05 lSdUM
1 fe- 10 lSdUM
1 fe- 15 lSdUM
1 fe- 20 lSdUM
1 fe- 25 lSdUM
1 fe- 30 lSdUM
1 fe- 35 lSdUM
1 fe- 40 lSdUM
1 fe- 45 lSdUM
1 fe- 45 lSdUM
1 fe- 55 lSdUM
Vsful
1-- lfoZl ds rjhds
1- pkWi vkSj LykbZl lfoZl ¼lkbZM fLiu½
2- VkWi fLiu lfoZl
296
dh Js.kh ds izn'kZu ds
cVj¶ykbZ LVªksd
0 fe- 50 lSdUM
1 fe- 00 lSdUM
1 fe- 10 lSdUM
1 fe- 20 lSdUM
1 fe- 30 lSdUM
1 fe- 40 lSdUM
1 fe- 50 lSdUM
2 fe- 00 lSdUM
2 fe- 10 lSdUM
2-- LVªksDl esa cnyko
(i)
ØkWldksVZ MªkbCl
(ii)
Mkmu n ykbZu
(iii)
eè; dksVZ ls [email protected] Qqy okWyh
(iv)
[email protected] gkWQ&okWyh
(v)
MªkiW 'kkWVl] MªkiW okyh
(vi)
ykWc LVªkDs l
(vii)
jfuax ,izkp
s 'kkwVl
QksjgS.M vkSj cSd gS.M
Qksjgs.M vkSj cSd gS.M
3-- rduhdksa ds vfrfjDr fo|kFkhZ dks [ksy ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa vyx ls Js.khc) fd;k tkuk pkfg,A xzsfMax
,d ls vfèkd O;fDr }kjk nh tkuh pkfg,A [ksy ifjfLFkfr esa fo|kFkhZ dks Js.hkc) djrs le; fuEu
ckrksa dk è;ku j[kuk pkfg, %
(i)
j{kk
(ii)
vkØe.k
(iii)
vkèkkjHkwr fu;eksa esa ikjaxrk
(iv)
QqVodZ
(v)
Vhe odZ
(vi)
iwokZuqeku
(vii)
eqnzk
(viii)
nkao&isap o ;qfDr;k¡
fØds V
dkS'ky
1-- cYysckth
QkjoMZ fMQsUl] cSdoMZ fMQsUl] QkjoMZ LVªkd
s ] cSdoMZ LVªkd
s ] doj Mªkbo iqy] dV] gqd] XykUl] gok
esas mM+rh cky dks Mªkbo djus gsrq dneksa dk mi;ksxA
2-- xs a n ckth
vkmV&fLoax] bu&fLoax] vkWQ czsd] ysx czsd vkSj xqxyh
3-- {ks = kj{k.k
xsan idM+uk ¼dksfpax½ Åapk o fLyi dSp] fofHkUu dks.kksa ls xasn dks LVEi ij QsadukA
4-- fodsV&dhfiax
5-- vU; eq[; ØhM+K,¡
¼v½ cdsV fØdsV
297
¼c½ lkW¶V ckWy xse
¼l½ {ks=kj{k.k vH;kl ds fy, VkjxsV fgfVax
6-- nka o is a p
¼v½ fofHkUu izdkj dh cYysckth vkSj xsna ckth ds vuqlkj {ks=kj{k.k trkuk
¼c½ dIrkuh dIrku ds drZO;] fofHkUu ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa ftEesnkfj;k¡
¼l½ fodsV&dhfiax
Js.khdj.k dh ;kstuk
50% vad oLrqfu"B ijh{k.k ds le; fo|kFkhZ ds izn'kZu ds vkèkkj ij o 50% vad okLrfod [ksy dh Js.kh ds izn'kZu
ds vkèkkj ij vfèkekur% rhu 'kkjhfjd f'k{kk ds is'ksoj vè;kidksa }kjk fn, tk,¡xAs
cYysckth
f[kykM+h dh cYysckth dh {kerk dk ijh{k.k usV ij ckWy dh ojh;rk ds vuqlkj fd;k tk,xk rFkk fdl izdkj ls
xsna [ksyk x;k gS] mlh vkèkkj ij fu.kZ; o Js.khc) fd;k tk,xkA xsna ckth fofHkUu izdkj ds xsna ckth }kjk djkbZ tk,xhA
¼rst fLiu] fQjdh½ vkfn f[kykfM+;ksa dks 9 vadksa esa ls Js.khc) fd;k tk,xkA
xsna ckth
xsna ckth dk lkekU; ju vi ls viuh 'kSyh dk mi;ksx djrs gq, xsna djus dks dgk tkuk pkfg,A eè;e rst xsna ckt
dh fLFkfr esa ikWfiax Øht ls 8 QhV dh nwjh ij rFkk èkheh xfr ds xsna ckt dh fLFkfr esa 4 QhV dh nwjh ij fofHkUu fpUg
yxkus pkfg,A izR;sd f[kykM+h dks 9 volj fn, tkus pkfg,A
¼d½ 'kSyh] fn'kk] yEckbZ vkSj ifj'kq)rk ls ifjiw.kZ A1 = 9 vad
¼[k½ mfpr 'kSyh ls LVkEi ij xsna ckth djuk = A2 = 8 vad
¼x½ fodsV ds nksuksa rjQ ,d QqV dh nwjh rd lVhd xsna ckth djuk = B1 = 7 vad
¼?k½ vkWQ lkbM ij ,d QqV dh nwjh rd lVhd xsna ckth djuk = B2 = 6 vad
¼³½ ysx lkbM ij ,d QqV dh nwjh rd lVhd xsna ckth djuk = C1 = 5 vad
¼p½ vkWQ lkbM ij nwj xsna ckth djuk = C2 = 4 vad
¼N½ ysx lkbM ls nwj xsna ckth djuk = D1 = 3 vad
¼t½ [kjkc izn'kZu = D2 = 2 vad
¼>½ xsna ckth djus esa iw.kZr% vl{ke = E = 1 vad
{ks=kj{k.k
f[kykfM+;ksa dks fodsV ls 30 ls 40 ;kM~l
Z nwj rd [kM+s jgus dks dgk tkrk gSA
¼d½ izf'k{kd ;k f[kykM+h rsth ls Åij dh vksj Åaph dSp mNkyrk gSA izR;sd f[kykM+h dks ukS dSp mNkyh tkrh
gSA izR;sd lQy iz;kl ij ,d vad fn;k tkrk gSA
¼[k½ izf'k{kd fofHkUu dks.kksa esa f[kykfM+;ksa dh rjQ xsna fgV djrk gSA mUgsa xsna dks idM+us vkSj fodsV ij Qsd
a us
298
ds fy, nkSM+uk iM+rk gSA izR;sd lQy pj.k ij f[kykM+h ,d vad izkIr djrk gSA 9 volj fn, tkrs gSAa
okW y hokW y
dkS'ky
1-- loZ djuk
¼d½ lj ds Åij ls lfoZl ¼Vsful½
¼[k½ ck¡g ?kqekdj lfoZl
¼x½ ¶yksfVax lfoZl ¼vksoj gSM rFkk lkbM vkeZ½
2-- ikl
¼d½ vksoj gSM ikl cSd jksfyax ds lkFk nks gkFk ls ikl
¼[k½ lkbZM jksfyax ds lkFk nks gkFk ls ikl
¼x½ tEi o ikl
¼?k½ vUMj vkeZ ikl
¼³½ QkjoMZ Mkbo o ikl
¼p½ lkbZM jksfyax ds lkFk ou vkeZ ikl
3-- ls V &vi
¼d½ 'kh?kz LeS'k ds fy, lsfVax&vi
¼[k½ ewo o lsV&vi ¼fiNys {ks=k ls½
¼x½ fofHkUu cnyrh pØkdkjh; fLFkfr;ksa esa fofHkUu {ks=kksa esa lsfVax&vi
4-- usV fjdojh
¼d½ jksfyax o fcuk jksfyax ds nks gkFkksa ls vksojgsM ikl
¼[k½ jksfyax o fcuk jksfyax ds ,d gkFk ls vUMj vkeZ ikl
5-- vkØe.k
¼d½ 'kjhj ?kqekrs LeS'k
¼[k½ dykbZ ds lkFk LeS'k
¼x½ jkmaM vkeZ LeS'k
¼?k½ 'kkWVZ ikl ij LeS'k ¼vlSfUMax ckWy½
¼³½ lkekU; vkØe.k la;kstu
6-- CykW d
¼d½ fofHkUu izdkj ds vkØe.kksa ds fo#) Mcy CykWd
¼[k½ fufnZ"V {ks=kksa esa Mcy CykWd
299
¼x½ 'kh?kz vkØe.k ds fo#) Mcy CykWd
¼?k½ izgkj@vkØe.k la;kstu ds fo#) Mcy CykWd
¼³½ {ks=k&3 ls gq, vkØe.k ds fo#) fVªiy CykWd
7-- rS;kjh ds fy,
¼d½ ckWml okWyhckWy
¼[k½ 'kksoj ckWy
¼x½ Mcy ¼nks ds fo#) nks½
¼?k½ rhu ds fo#) rhu
8-- [ksy ds izfr:i
4&2 flLVe
5&1 flLVe
Js.khdj.k dh ;kstuk
50% vad oLrqfu"B ijh{k.k ds le; fo|kFkhZ ds izn'kZu ds vkèkkj ij o 50» vad okLrfod [ksy dh Js.kh ds izn'kZu
ds vkèkkj ij vfèkekur% rhu 'kkjhfjd f'k{kk ds is'ksoj vè;kidksa }kjk tk,¡xAs
lfoZl
9 iz;kl vuqerA izR;sd lQy iz;kl ds fy, ,d vadA lQy iz;kl ls rkRi;Z ckWy usV dks ikj djds izfrLièkhZ
ds dksVZ esa fpfÌr js[kk ds vUnj fxjsA
vUMj gS.M ikl
ukS iz;kl vuqerA izR;sd lQy iz;kl ij ,d vad fn;k tkrk gSA v.MjgS.M ikl dks dksVZ dh nwljh rjQ ls lfoZl
}kjk lkbZM vkeZ lfoZl }kjk ;k jkmaM vkeZ lfoZl }kjk fu"ikfnr fd;k tkrk gSA usV ds Åijh cSUM ls Å¡ph mBh lgh
ckWy dks izkIr djuk lQy iz;kl ekuk tk,xkA usV dks ikj djrh ckWy ij QkWYV gksxk vkSj blfy, dksbZ ykHk u fn;k
tk,xkA blh izdkj gkFk ls fQlydj dksVZ ds ckgj xbZ ckWy ij dksbZ Js.kh ugha nh tk,xh %
cwfVax (Åij mBkuk)
ukS iz;kl vuqerA izR;sd lQy iz;kl ds fy, ,d vadA fo|kFkhZ {ks=k ua- 3 esa [kM+k jgrk gS vkSj mls {ks=k ua- 4
esa cwLV djus ds fy, ckWy nh tkrh gSA ckWy usV ds Åijh cSUM ls T;knk Åaph mBuh pkfg,A fuEufyf[kr ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa
dksbZ vad ugha fn;k tk,xk %
¼d½ ckWy fojksèkh ds dksVZ esas ikj gks tk,A
¼[k½ ckWy vius dksVZ ds ckgj fxjsA
¼x½ ckWy ikl gks ijUrq vkØe.k {ks=k ls nwjA
300
¼?k½ fel ikl
¼³½ Mcy Vp ijh{k.k ds le; vU; =kqfV;k¡A
LikbZfdax
ukS iz;kl vuqerA izR;sd lQy iz;kl ds fy, ,d vadA LeS'k {ks=k ua- 2 ls fd;k tkuk pkfg,A ckWy dks {ks=k la[;k&6
ls Hkstk tkrk gS tks fd dksVZ dk lSUVj gS vkSj ikl dks {ks=k la[;k&3 ls mBk;k tkrk gSA ¼LeS'kj dh rjQ eqga ½
CykWfdax
ukS iz;kl vuqerA izR;sd lQy iz;kl ds fy, ,d vadA CykWd fodYir% {ks=k ua 2 vkSj 4 ls fu"ikfnr fd;k tkrk
gSA fojksèkh ds {ks=k la[;k 4 o 3 ls vPNk LeS'k fd;k tkrk gS vkSj mEehnokj CykWd dks lek;ksftr djrk gSA
¼d½ CykWd ds i'pkr~ ckWy lhèkh fojksèkh ds dksVZ esa tkrh gS rks bls lQy iz;kl ekuk tk,xk o iwjk ØsfMV fn;k
tk,xkA
¼[k½ vius dksVZ esa fxjus okyh ckWy dks vPNk iz;kl ekuk tk,xk rFkk Qqy ØsfMV fn;k tkuk pkfg,A
fteukfLVd
1-- ryh; O;k;ke
¼v½ QkjoMZ jksy ls gS.M LVS.M
¼d½ cSdoMZ jksy ls gS.M LVS.M
¼[k½ QkjoMZ jksy ls gSM fLiaxz
¼x½ gSUM fLizxa ls Mkbo jksy
¼?k½ jkmaM vkWQ ls cSd jksy ls gS.M LVs.M
¼³½ jkmaM vkWQ f¶yd&¶ySd
¼p½ ,d Vkax ls gSUM fLizxa
¼N½ ,d Vkax ls gSM fLizxa
¼t½ QkjoMZ jksy gS.M VuZ
¼>½ lhèkk Vkaxksa ls gS.M LVS.M o QkjoMZ jksy
2-- okyfVax ckWDl
¼d½ fL¶yV okWYV
¼[k½ Fkzw okWYV
¼x½ dkVZ Oghy ds lkFk gS.M LVS.M
¼?k½ gS.M fLizxa
301
3-- lekarj
(Parrelld)
ckj
¼d½ vi LVkVZ
¼[k½ ÝUV vijkbt
¼x½ gS.M LVS.M
¼³½ 180 fMxzh VuZ ds lkFk gS.M LVS.M
¼p½ gS.M LVS.M ls daèks ij ÝaV VuZ
¼N½ cSdoMZ jksy
¼t½ gS.M LVS.M ls dkVZ Oghy ¼fMlekmaV½
4-- lery ckj
¼d½ vksoj fxzi ds lkFk vkjEHk
¼[k½ vUMj fxzi ds lkFk vkjEHk
¼x½ 'kkWVZ lfdZy
¼?k½ Oghy QwM ds lkFk ,d Vkax }kjk lfdZy
¼³½ ghy QqV
¼p½ ÝUV tkbUV lfdZy
¼N½ Fkzw okWYV ds lkFk fLoax ¼fMLekmaV½
yM+fd;ksa ds fy,
1-- ryh; O;k;ke
¼d½
¼[k½
¼x½
¼?k½
¼³½
¼p½
¼N½
¼t½
¼>½
(Floor Excrcises)
QkjoMZ jksy ls gSMa LVS.M
cSdoMZ jksy ls gSMa LVS.M
jkmaM vkWQ
Lyks cSd gS.M fLizxa
Lyks cSd gS.M fLizxa
fL¶yV flfVax
Lyks gS.M fLizxa
gS.M fLizxa
gSM fLizxa
2-- ckWyfVax ckW D l
¼d½ vLVªkbM okWYV vFkok fL¶yV okWYV
¼[k½ èkzw okWYV
¼x½ gS.M fLizxa
302
3-- che
¼d½ lary
q u ds lkFk rst dne
¼[k½ dSaph dwn
¼x½ QkjoMZ jksy
¼?k½ cSdoMZ jksy
¼³½ dkVZ Oghy
¼p½ fczt
¼N½ lary
q u
¼t½ fL¶yV ysx ds lkFk dwnuk
Js.khdj.k dh ;kstuk
50% vad oLrqfu"B ijh{k.k ds le; fo|kFkhZ ds izn'kZu ds vkèkkj ij o 50% vad okLrfod [ksy dh Js.kh ds izn'kZu
ds vkèkkj ij vfèkekur% rhu 'kkjhfjd f'k{kk ds is'ksoj vè;kidksa }kjk tk,¡xAs
'kh"kZ xzMs izn'kZu
A1 = 9
Js"B izn'kZu
A2 =
larks"ktud izn'kZu] cSVa uh vFkok vuIokabVsM Vkst dks NksM+dj
B1 = 7
vad
vkSlr izn'kZu] uhps ,oa csVa rFkk Vks dsfUnzr
B2 = 6
vad
dksbZ vkdkj ugha fd;k] LVaV djus dk Kku
C1 = 5
vad
LVaV dk de Kku vkSj ,dne [kjkc vkÑfr ds lkFk LVaV djus dh {kerk
C2 = 4
vad
[kjkc izn'kZu
D1 = 3
vad
lcls [kjkc izn'kZu
D2 = 2
vad
LVaV djus esa vl{ke
E=1
vad
8 vad
vad
;ksx
uksV % dsoy ogh fØ;k,¡ 'kkfey dh xbZ gSa tks izn'kZu esa izoh.krk ds mfpr Lrj dk fudkl djsxhA rFkkfi vR;fèkd
tfVy vkSj dfBu fØ;k,¡ tks fd ;ksx ds ,d lPps lkèkd ds fy, vko';d gS]a mUgsa lfEefyr ugha fd;k
x;kA
vklu
1- rkM+klu
(Heaventy stretch pose)
2- o`{kklu
(Tree Pose)
303
3- f=kdks.kklu
(Triangle Strecth pose)
(Cow face pose)
4- xkse[q kklu
(Lotus Pose)
5- in~eklu
(Thunderboalt pose)
6- otzklu
7- eRL;klu
(Fish pose)
8- Hkqtxa klu
(Cobra pose)
9- lyHkklu
(Ocust pose)
10- pØklu
(Wheel pose)
11- if'peksÙkjklu
(Back stretch pose)
12- v)Z&eRL;sUnzklu
13- lok±xklu
(Half sprinel twist pose)
(Shoulder Stand pose)
14- gyklu
(Plough pose)
15- 'oklu
(Corpose pose)
izk.kk;ke
1- 'khryh izk.kk;ke~
(The cooling bread)
2- 'khrdkjh izk.kk;ke~
(The hissing breadth)
3- dikyHkkrh izk.kk;ke~
4- mTt;h izk.kk;ke~
(The frontal brain bread)
(The psychie breadth)
Js.khdj.k ;kstuk
,d ukS fcUnq ekin.M dk iz;ksx djrs gq, Js.khdj.k fd;k tk,xkA ,d fo|kFkhZ dks izn'kZu ds fy, ik¡p vklu vkSj
nks izk.kk;ke~ pquus pkfg,A fuEufyf[kr fl)kUrksa dks è;ku esa j[krs gq, Js.khdj.k fd;k tkuk pkfg,A
1- vkjEHk ls vafre eqnkz rd y;c) xfr
2- vafre eqnkz esa iw.kZrk dh fLFkfr@n'kk
3- f[kapko ;k fpUrk dk izek.k ¼udkjkRed igyw½
4- vafre eqnkz esa dqN nsj cus jguk] larqyu fØ;kvksa esa vfèkd cus jgukA
304
29 iQS'ku vè;;u (dksM la- 053)
izLrkouk
QS'ku vR;ar xfr'khy ,oe~ loZnk ifjorZu'khy gSA ;g gekjs thou esa lcls izHkko'kkyh gSA ;g gekjh thou
'kSyh dks] mlds gj igyw dks fofHkUu&fofHkUu le; ij izHkkfor djrk gSA mnkgj.kr% oL=k tks ge igurs gS]a laxhr
tks ge lqurs gS]a [kkuk tks ge [kkrs gSAa vodk'k ds fy, tgk¡ tkrs gSa ;k xkM+h tks ge pykrs gSAa
QS'ku ,d cgqr cM+k O;olk; gS vkSj ;g vusd mn~;ksxksa dk eq[; vk/kkj gSA mudks pykus lkèku gSAa tSls ifj/
kku] milk/ku] oL=k m|ksx o eksVj&xkfM+;ka bR;kfnA *QS'ku v/;;u* ds ikB~;Øe dk ewy mn~n's ; fon~;kfFkZ;ksa dks QS'ku
ds ewyHkwr fl)karks]a :ijs[kk vkSj QS'ku vfHkdYiuk ls ifjfpr djokuk gSA QS'ku vfHkdYiuk ,d iw.kZ O;olk; gS ftlesa
vfHkdYiuk dh iwjh izfØ;k tSls rarq ls /kkxk vkSj mlls iw.kZ ifjèkku cukuk lfEefyr gSA ;g ikB~;&Øe QS'ku vfHkdYiuk
ds fofHkUu igyqvksa dks foLrkj ls le>k,xkA blls QS'ku O;olk; ds eq[; fcanv
q ksa tSls vfHkdYiuk ds ewy rRo] QS'ku
dk bfrgkl] oL=k] 'kkjhfjd lajpuk] iSVuZ dk fodkl vkSj ifj/kku fuekZ.k ij izdk'k Mkyk tk,xkA
ikB~;Øe dh :ijs[kk
d{kk&XI ¼fl)ka r ½
bdkbZ
I
% QS'ku v/;;u % ifjp;
10 vad
30 ihfj;M
ikB~;Øe dk mís'; %
mi;qDr QS'ku 'kCnkoyh lh[kukA
QS'ku O;olk; dks le>ukA
QS'ku O;olk; ds fofHkUu mn~;ksxksa vkSj lsokvksa ds chp ijLij lEcU/k vkSj mudh dk;Zi.z kkyh dh tkudkjh
izkIr djukA
QS'ku 'kCnkoyh ds lw{e Hksnksa dks ljkguk vkSj mUgsa igpkuukA
'kS{kf.kd fu"d"kZ %
ikB~;Øe dh lekfIr ij fon~;kFkhZ bl ;ksX; gks tk,a fd
QS'ku dh nqfu;k esa mi;qDr QS'ku 'kCnkoyh dk iz;ksx djsAa
QS'ku O;olk; ds ikjLifjd lac/a k dks le> ikus esa leFkZ gksAa
QS'ku dk laf{kIr fooj.k izkIr dj ldsAa
ikB~;Øe f'k{k.k fcanq
QS'ku ds vkdkj&izdkj] igyw o fof'k"V i)fr dh ifjHkk"kk
305
cukoV dh ifjHkk"kk vkSj QS'ku ls Hksn
izof` r 'kCn dh ifjHkk"kk] izof` Ùk vkSj QS'ku dk izkjaHk
vfHkdYiuk] dyk] gLrdyk ds chp lekurk vkSj Hksn dks le>uk
QS'ku O;kolkf;dksa tSls vfHkdYid] O;kikjh] LVkbZfyLV o leUo;dkjh dh dk;Z i)fr dks tkuukA
QS'ku pØ] QS'ku esa vUrjjk"Vªh; O;kikj
QS'ku O;olk; ds fofHkUu igyw&vfHkdYiuk] mRiknu] QqVdj O;kikj] n`'; ys[k dk fooj.kA
'kS{kf.kd iz.kkyh % lfp=k o ljdu ¼Slides½ }kjk lksnkgj.k O;k[;ku
bdkbZ&II % oL=k ifjp;
20 vad
50 ihfj;M
ikB~;Øe dk mís';
fon~;kfFkZ;ksa dks oL=kksa dh nqfu;k ls ifjfpr djokuk
fon~;kfFkZ;ksa dks izkd`frd] Ñf=ke rFkk ekuo fufeZr rarv
q ksa vkSj oL=kksa ls voxr djokukA
fon~;kfFkZ;ksa dks drkbZ] cqukbZ vkSj cka/kus dh dyk ls voxr djokukA
fon~;kfFkZ;ksa dks oL=kksa ds LoHkko] muds mi;ksx vkSj fØ;k ds lEcU/k esa Kku nsukA
ifjlfTtr djus ds fofHkUu rjhdksa ds ckjs esa laf{kIr :i ls crkukA
'kS{kf.kd fu"d"kZ %
ikB~;p;kZ dh lekfIr ij fon~;kFkhZ bl ;ksX; gksa fd
rjg&rjg ds oL=kksa dks igpku ldsa vkSj muesa Hksn dj ldsAa
oL=k fuekZ.k dh fofHkUu izfØ;kvksa dks le> ldsAa
fofHkUu izdkj dh ifjlTtkvksa dks tks fd uSR;d ,oe~ [kkl oL=kksa dh fØ;k o fu"ifÙk dks lq#fpiw.kZ cukrh
gS] dks le>ukA
ikB~;Øe fcUnq %
oL=k mi;ksx&ifj/kkuksa ds fofHkUu oxks± ds fy, izkd`frd] Ñf=ke o ekuo fufeZr rarv
q ksa vkSj fefJr oL=kksa
dh fof'k"Vrkvksa vkSj y{k.kksa ls ifjfpr gksukA
rarqvksa dk lwr esa :ikarj.k] /kkxk vkSj lwr esa varj tkuukA
dj?kk vkSj cqukbZ e'khu ds }kjk lwr dk oL=k esa :ikarj.k vkSj okLrfod oL=kksa ds uewuksa }kjk le>kukA
fofHkUu uSR;d oL=k ifjlTtkvksa dks le>uk&vifj"d`r diM+s ls iw.kZ ifj"d`r diM+k cukukA
iz;ksx ifjlTtk,¡&oL=kksa ds xq.kksa dks c<+kus okyh ifjlTtk,a tSls fldqM+u jfgr] LFkk;h Nki vkSj vfXu
izfrjks/kd {kerk oxSjgA
lkSUn;Z ifjlTtk,a oL=kksa dh ewY; o`f) ;k egRo ds fy, oL=k ifjlTtk,a tSls NikbZ] mHkkj vkSj jaxkbZ
306
oxSjgA
mRikn pØ vkSj /kkxk&diM+k ifj/kku ds chp lac/a k tkuuk
'kS{kf.kd iz.kkyh okLrfod oL=kksa ds uewuksa }kjk lfp=k o lksnkgj.k O;k[;ku nsukA
v/;kfidk ls vis{kk dh tkrh gS fd og oL=k iqLrdky;@ykbczjs h cuk, vkSj mlh esa f'k{k.k nsA
bZdkbZ&III % vfHkdYi rRo
(20 vad fl¼kar)
(15 vad O;kogkfjd)
80 ihfj;M
mís';
fon~;kfFkZ;ksa dk izkFkfed vfHkdYi rRoksa ls ifjp; djokukA
vklikl dh vkd`fr;ksa ds lac/a k esa mudh lw{e xzkfgrk mRiUu djuk vkSj mlesa fujarj o`f) djukA
vfHkdYi 'kCnkoyh cukuk tks fd O;kolkf;d vfHkdYidksa ds fy, ,d t:jh lk/ku gSA
c`gr izdkj ds rjhdksa vkSj oLrqvksa ls ltho n`'; fp=k fufeZr djuk tks vizR;kf'kr mÙkstuk vkSj
lek/kku ns ldsAa
'kS{kf.kd fu"d"kZ %
ikB~;Øe dh lekfIr ij fon~;kFkhZ bl ;ksX; gksa fd
vfHkdYi rRoksa ds ckjs esa xzká lw{exzkfgrk vkSj ;ksX;rk dk izn'kZu dj ldsAa
viuh vfrfjDr ;ksX;rk ls vklikl dh oLrqvksa dk lw{erk ls fujh{k.k dj ldsAa
izkFkfed vfHkdYi Hkk"kk cuk ldsAa
vfHkdYi izfØ;k dks le>uk rkfd fon~;kFkhZ bu vfHkdYi rRoksa dks viuh ifj;kstukvksa ds fuekZ.k esa iz;ksx
dj ldsAa
ikB~;Øe fcUnq %
vf/kdYi izR;; dks le>uk
lajpuk ds ,d vko';d vax js[kk dks le>uk tks fd ifj/kkuksa ds lanHkZ esa jkspd n`'; dh fn'kk fu/kkZfjr
djrh gSA
2 D vkSj 3D vkd`fr;ksa dks le>uk
jax fo'ks"krk] izkxk<+rk] nwljs jaxksa ls lEcU/k] cukoVs]a vkdkj vkfn dks le>ukA
cukoV vkSj :i&jax ds fy, oL=kksa dk pquko rar]q lwr] fuekZ.k izfØ;k] ifjlTtk vkSj jax voLFkk dks ikus
ds fy, lkeatL;A ftlesa lHkh vfHkdYi rRoksa dk dke bdës QyhHkwr gksA
lary
q u vkSj vuqikr dks le>uk rkfd fon~;kfFkZ;ksa esa dqN rRoksa ds egRo dks de djus vkSj c<+kus dh ;ksX;rk
fodflr gks ldsA
'kS{kf.kd iz.kkyh %
lfp=k o ljdu }kjk lksnkgj.k O;k[;ku nsukA
307
bdkbZ&IV % ifj/ku fuekZ.k ds rRo (20 vad (fl¼kar) 15 vad (O;kogkfjd)
80 ihfj;M
mís'; %
fo|kfFkZ;ksa dk ifj/kku cukus ls ifjp;
flykbZ e'khu vkSj mlds iqtks± ls voxr djkukA
flykbZ lk/kuksa ds mi;ksx ls ifjfpr djokukA
izkFkfed Lrj ij gkFk vkSj e'khu ds Vkads fl[kkukA
e'khu dk ljy lapkyu fl[kkukA
'kS{kf.kd fu"d"kZ %
ikB~;Øe lekfIr ij fon~;kFkhZ bl ;ksX; gksa fd
flykbZ e'khu ij fuiq.krk ls dke dj ldsAa
e'khu dh ljy leL;kvksa dks lq/kkj ldsAa
e'khu ij fHkUu&fHkUu lhou yxk ldsAa
fdukjksa dks gkFkksa ds Vkadksa ls iw.kZ dj ldsAa
oL=k ij pqUuVsa vkSj rg cukuk lh[k ldsAa
ikB~;Øe fu"ifr@fcUnq %
flykbZ&e'khu] mlds iqtZs vkSj fØ;kvksa ds lkFk flykbZ lk/kuksa ls ifjp;A
flykbZ&e'khu dh ljy leL;kvksa vkSj mlds j[k&j[kko dks le>ukA
lh/kh vkSj xksy flykbZ esa n{krk izkIr djukA
izkFkfed gkFk ds Vkad&s dPpk] rqjikbZ] mYVk Vkadk ¼csd fLVp½ jafux Vkadk vkfn dk muds lekIr iz;ksx ds
lkFkA
izkFkfed e'khu lhou tks ifj/kkuksa ds fofHkUu Hkkxksa dh flykbZ vkSj ifjlTtk esa iz;Dq r dh tkrh gSA tSls ljy
lhou] ÝSp
a lhou] piVh vkSj fxjh gqbZ lhou] rg okyh lhou ¼ySiM+½
pqUuVksa vkSj rgksa ds fy, oL=k dk tksM+&rksM+ djukA
'kS{kf.kd iz.kkyh lfp=k n`';ksa ,oe~ izn'kZu ds lkFk lksnkgj.k O;k[;kuA
O;kogkfjd vH;kl
dyk rRo tSls js[kk] vkd`fr] jax] cukoV] txg vkfn dk iz;ksx dj vH;kl djuk ftl esa vfHkdYiuk ds
fu;eksa dk ikyu gksA
308
jax&pØ] jax ;kstuk] jax izxk<+rk pkVZ] jax xq.krkpkVZ vkfn ij vH;kl djukA
gkFk ds Vkadksa dk vH;kl&dPpk] rqjikbZ] mYVk Vkadk vkSj mlds izdkj vkSj ljy ¼jfuax½ VkadkA
lhou] ljy] ÝSp
a ] rg] piVh] gkWx dksxa ] <hyh vkSj Åij ls flyhA
pqUuV] IyhVl vkSj rgsa ¼VDl½
l=k lekfIr ifj;kstuk
ekSf[kd ijh{kk o Qkby
ikB~;Øe :ijs[kk
le;&
le;&3 ?k.Vk
d{kk
70 vad
XII ¼fl)ka r ½
bdkbZ&I % iQS'ku bfrgkl
15 vad
(40 ihfj;M)
ikB~;Øe dk mís'; %
QS'ku bfrgkl dk izkphu lH;rk ls ysdj orZeku rd dk laf{kIr ifjp; ;k fooj.k nsukA
igukos vkSj QS'ku dks izHkkfor djus okys lkekftd] jktuSfrd vkSj vkfFkZd ?kVdksa dk o.kZu djuk tks
fd QS'ku txr~ esa egÙoiw.kZ LFkku j[krs gSAa
'kS{kf.kd fu"d"kZ %
ikB~;Øe dh lekfIr ij fon~;kFkhZ bl ;ksX; gksa fd
o"kks± ls pys vk jgs QS'ku bfrgkl dks le> ldsAa
fofHkUu laLd`fr;ksa ds vyx&vyx ifj/kkuksa esa varj dj ldsAa
,slh egÙoiw.kZ ?kVukvksa dh ljkguk dj ldsa ftUgksua s QS'ku ij vfeV Nki NksM+h gSA
ikB~;Øe lkjka'k@fcUnq %
igukos ds fl)kar vyadj.k] cpko] igpku vkSj jhfr&fjokt
QS'ku izR;;
(i)
'kkjhfjd vyadj.k] jaxkbZ] fNnkbZ
(ii)
vkPNknu xzhd&jkseu] Hkkjrh; vkSj nwljs egk}hi
(iii)
flys gq, ifj/kku&;qn/~ k os'kHkw"kk] dop
(iv)
iwohZ vkSj if'peh ;q) os'kHkw"kk
QS'ku ij fo'o;q)ksa dk izHkko % ;q)ksrj QS'ku vius izkphu :i ls lekt ds cM+s oxks± ds fy, lkekU;
cukA lekt fofHkUu lewgksa esa mudh vkfFkZd lkekftd vkSj ckSf)d fodkl dh Hkwfedk ij O;ofLFkr gqvkA
309
vkSn;~ ksfxd Økafr dk izHkko %
chloha lnh esa vkSn;` ksfxd Økafr ,d ubZ ifjfLFkfr dh lk{kh cuhA tks oL=k vkSj diM+s ikjaifjd rkSj ij
fdlh [kkl rjhds ls rS;kj fd, tkrs Fks vc mUgha dk cgqek=k mRiknu gksus yxkA
dbZ lfn;ksa esa Lopkyu vkSj fofHkUu oSKkfud vkSj rduhdh fodklksa us lekt dks mRd`"V oxZghu lekt
esa ckaV fn;kA
fiNyh vkSj orZeku lnh esa QS'ku dk fodkl 2010 rd
'kS{kf.kd fo|[email protected]
[email protected] O;k[;ku
bdkbZ&II % izkFkfed [kkdk (iSVuZ) fodkl
20 vad ¼lS)kafrd½
15 vad ¼O;kogkfjd½
(80 ihfj;M)
ikB~;Øe mís'; %
[kkdk fodkl ds }kjk] fon~;kfFkZ;ksa dk QS'ku vfHkdYiuk dh nqfu;k ls ifjp; djokuk
vko';d dykvksa dk o.kZu tks ,d vfHkdYi dks bl ;ksX; cuk lds fd og vfHkdYiuk [kkds dks rhu
foÙkh; vkdkj esa ifjofrZr dj ldsAa
pksyh] vkLrhu vkSj LdVZ ds izkFkfed [k.Mksa dk fodkl
vuq:irk ijh{k.k ds izR;; dks le>uk vkSj mls dk;kZfUor djuk vkSj dkxth [kkds dks diM+s esa cnyukA
'kS{kf.kd fu"d"kZ
ikB~;Øe dh lekfIr ij] fo|kFkhZ bl ;ksX; gksa fd os [kkdk cukus dh izkFkfed dykvksa dks le>sa
vuq:irk vkSj lary
q u ds izR;; dks le> ldsa vkSj ljkg ldsAa
eki ys[kk ls izkFkfed [k.Mksa dk fodkl djukA
[kkds dk vuq:irk ijh{k.k djukA
izkFkfed [k.Mksa ls ljy vfHkdYiukvksa ds [kkds dk fodkl djukA
ikB~;Øe lkjka'k@fcUnq
'kjhj vkSj Mªl
S % QkeZ dks ekius ds rjhds
eki vkSj vkdkj ls lEcU/k
[kkdk cukus ds midj.k
[kkdk fodkl esa iz;Dq r gksus okys vke 'kCn
310
efgyk iks'kkdksa ds fy, [kkdk fodkl ls ifjp;A [kkdk dSls cuk;k tk, vkSj dSls fodflr fd;k tk,A
vuq:irk vkSj lary
q u dk egÙo o mls ikus ds rjhds
izkFkfed pksyh ekud eki pkVZ ls fodflr fd;k x;k vkSj MªlS QkeZ ij vuq:i ijh{k.k fd;k gqvkA vko';d
phtsa tSls MkVZ] lhou dh txg] [kkapk] rarq js[kk vkfn ds fu'kku yxkukA
ifj/kku ds C;ksjksa ds fu'kku yxkuk tSls eks<k+ ] xy js[kk
V, U,
xksy] uko vkSj pkdksjA
izkFkfed ckag [kaM dk fodkl vkSj izkFkfed pksyh dks eks<+s esa fcBkukA
izkFkfed ,d ;ks nks MkVZ okyh izkFkfed LdVZ ¼ygaxk½ [k.M dk fodklA
dkyj fodkl ds ewy vkSj izkFkfed dkyj tSls ihVj&isu vkSj pkbuht dk [kkdk rS;kj djukA
MkVZ tksM&+ rksM+ MkVZ dks ,d txg ls nwljh txg ij ys tkus dk rjhdk vkSj mls dkV vkSj QSyko rduhd
ls lhou esa cnyukA
vafre miyfC/k % fo|kFkhZ izkFkfed [kaMksa ls pksyh vkSj ygaxksa ds ljy vfHkdYiuk ds [kkds fodflr djuk
lh[ksaxsA
'kS{kf.kd iz.kkyh izn'kZu] n`';] LykbZMl ds lkFk lfp=k O;k[;kuA
bdkbZ&III % iQS'ku rRo
15 vad
(40 ihfj;M)
mn~ns'; %
fo|kfFkZ;ksa dk izkFkfed QS'ku rRoksa ls ifjp; djkuk
fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks QS'ku dh pky] QS'ku pØ vkSj igukos dh fdLeksa ds ckjs esa Kku djokuk
fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks ifj/kkuksa ds fofHkUu oxks± ds ckjs esa lqxkz fgr djkuk tSls iq#"k ifj/kku] efgyk ifjèkku vkSj
cPpksa ds ifj/kkuA
fon~;kfFkZ;ksa dks mPp vkSj cgqek=k QS'ku esa vUrj fl[kkuk] rS;kj oL=k vkSj [kkl cus oL=kksa esa varj djukA
'kS{kf.kd fu"d"kZ % ikB~;Øe dh lekfIr ij] fon~;kFkhZ bl ;ksX; gksa fd
QS'ku rRoksa dks le> ldsAa
QS'ku dh pky ls voxr gksAa
QS'ku pØ dks le>sAa
iq#"k] efgyk vkSj cPpksa ds ifj/kkuksa ds fofHkUu oxks± dks tkusAa
ikB~;Øe lkj %
311
iq#"k] efgyk vkSj cPpksa ds ifj/kku
iq#"k ifj/kku deht] isUV] tkdsV lwV vkSj [ksy&lwV
ukjh ifj/kku iks'kkds]a dqjrh] yagxk] isUV] deht] lkM+h vkSj pksyh
0µ15 lky rd ds cPpksa ds ifj/kkuksa dh fdLesa vkSj fofHkUu ifj/kku tSls ÝkWd] ygaxk] isUV] dqjrh] MUxjhl
tSdVs vkfnA fofHkUu vk;qoxZ dh t:jrksa dks egRo nsrs gq, gh vfHkdYiuk djukA
QS'ku ifj/kkuksa ds fy, iz;Dq r ltkus ds lk/ku ¼fVªe½
mPp QS'ku [kkl vkSj rS;kj oL=k] mPp QS'ku czkMa l jk"Vªh; vkSj vUrZjk"Vªh;
cgqek=k QS'ku rS;kj oL=k
'kS{kf.kd fo|k %
[email protected] O;k[;kuA
bdkbZ&IV % ifj/kku fuekZ.k ds ewy
20 vad (lS¼kafrd)
15 vad (O;kogkfjd)
(80 ihfj;M)
mís';
ifj/kku dks cukuk
fofHkUu izdkj dh lhou ds lkFk pksyh dk fuekZ.k djuk
pksyh ds fy, cVu iV~Vh cukukA
xksV vkSj Qsflax
(facing)
yxkdj xy js[kk lekIr djukA
eks<+s esa ckag fcBkuk
ygaxs esa pqUuVsa Mkyuk vkSj dej dks dej] ca/k ls lekIr djuk vkSj pksyh ls tksM+ukA
'kS{kf.kd fu"d"kZ %
ikB~;Øe dh lekfIr ij fon~;kFkhZ tku ldsxa s fd
ifj/kku ds fofHkUu Hkkxksa dks tksM+dj u;s ifj/kku dk fuekZ.k djuk
pksyh dks iw.kZ djuk
ckag tksM+uk
ygaxk flyuk
312
ikB~;Øe fcanq@lkjka'k %
oL=kksa dh fdLeksa dks le>uk rFkk Hkhrj] e/; vkSj ckgjh vLrj dh tkudkjh izkIr djuk
fu'kku yxkus dk rjhdk lh[kuk vkSj diM+s dks dkVus ds fy, rS;kj djukA
[kkdk fcNkuk vkSj [kkl diM+kas dks dkVuk
pksyh dks fofHkUu flykb;ksa dk mi;ksx dj tksM+uk vkSj ,d rjQh flykb;ksa vkSj da/kksa dh flykb;ksa ls
,d :i ls lekIr djukA
dVh vkSj flyh gqbZ cVu iV~Vh dk izR;; fofHkUu cVu ifV~V;ksa vkSj
fofHkUu Hkkxksa esa yxkuk ;k LFkkfir djukA
(fasterners)
ca/kuksa dks ifjèkku ds
xy js[kk dks xksV] frjNh iV~Vh] vkd`frd iV~Vh ls lekIr djus dk mi;qDr rjhdk viukuk vkSj Stay stitching
¼LVs LVhfpax½ dks tkuuk vFkkZr flykbZ Bgjkus ds egRo dks o mi;ksx dks tkuukA
ckag dks eks<+s esa fcBkdj pksyh ls tksM+uk] ygaxk ,df=kr djuk ;k tksM+uk] pqUuVsa vkSj
dejca/k ls tksM+ukA
Pleats
dks
vafre miyfC/k % [kkds }kjk LdZV vkSj pksyh dk fuekZ.k
O;kogkfjd@izDS Vhdy
le; % 3 ?k.Vk
d{kk&XII
ljdu] n`'; fp=kksa o O;k[;ku }kjk Li"Vhdj.kA
30 va d
Evaluation Criteria
¼ewY;kadu dlkSVh½
nh xbZ iz'ukoyh dks le>uk
tek djok, x, dk;Z dk Lrj
cPpksa }kjk fd, vkSj fn[kk, x, dk;Z dks izfrfnu tkapukA
dk;Z esa fujUrj fodkl djus okys cPpksa dks vad nsuk
izDS Vhdy@O;kogkfjd
[kkdk rS;kj djuk vkSj eki ds vuqlkj fuEufyf[kr Mªls QkeZ ij vuq:i ijh{k.k djuk
efgyk ifj/kku dk izkFkfed [k.M] ckag [k.M] dkWyj pkbZuht vkSj ihVj&isu
dkV vkSj QSyko dk mi;ksx dj MkVZ&tksM+&rksM+ ij vH;kl
ifj/kku cukuk vkSj lekIr djuk
MkVZ
dejcan
tscsa
cVu&iV~Vh&dVh vkSj flyh gqbZ
xy js[kk lekfIr
ckag tksM+uk [kkds ds lkFk
313
ifj/kku fuekZ.k&LdVZ vkSj pksyh dk fuekZ.k
l=k lekiu ifj;kstuk
ekSf[kd ijh{kk vkSj QkbZy
iz;ksx'kkyk dh t:jr (30 fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds fy,)
;ksx'kkyk dk uke 35 QqV 20 QqV ¼de ls de½
okrkuqdqfyr okrkoj.k
oLrq
1- vkS|ksfxd flykbZ e'khu ¼fctyh lesr½
2-
[kkdk cukus dh est] 5 QqV
×
4 QqV
la [ ;k
30
8 ¼4 fo|kFkhZ@esx½
¼dkWd VkWi½
34-
Mªl
s QkWeZ ¼vk/kh½] dher 8000@& :- ¼izR;sd½
LVhe vk;ju @ 1000@&#-
5-
vk;jfuax cksMZ
6-
lks¶V cksMZ
78-
LVwy
lQ+ns cksMZ
vuqekfur dher 5]00]000 #i;k
@
500@& #-
30
4
4
nhokjksa ij gj rjQ
30
1
fo|ky; dks pquus dk ekin.Mµ
muds ikl mi;lqDr okrkoj.k] txg] midj.k] e'khujh vkSj j[k&j[kko] izf'kf{kr v/;kid] ikB~;Øe ds fy,
[kkl iqLrdky;] lqfo/kkvksa vkSj f'k{kdksa dh l[;k dks c<+kus dh bPNk ds lk/ku gksAa
314
30- yfyr dyk,a
fo|kFkhZ fuEufyf[kr ikB~;Øeksa esa ls fdlh ,d dk p;u dj ldrk gS %
¼d½ fp=kdyk ¼dksM la- 049½
vFkok
¼[k½ Nkik&fp=kdyk ¼dksM la- 050½
vFkok
¼x½ ewfrZ dyk ¼dksM la- 051½
vFkok
¼?k½ vuqiz;qDr dyk ¼O;kolkf;d dyk½ ¼dksM la- 051)
bu leLr pkj fo"k;ksa ds fy, dyk lacaèkh fuEufyf[kr ikfjHkkf"kd 'kCn dsoy lanHkZ rFkk lkekU;
Kku esa o`f) djus ds fy, fuèkkZfjr fd, x, gSa %
1-
la;kstu ds rRo % fcUnq] js[kk] :ikdkj] o.kZ ¼jax½ Vksu] iksr ¼VsDlpj½ rFkk varjkyA
2-
la;kstu ds fl)kUr % ,drk] lkeatL;] lary
q u] y;] cy rFkk vuqikr] vewfrZdj.k rFkk jhfrc)rkA
3-
fp=kdyk
¼v½
ikfjHkkf"kd 'kCnkoyh&fLFkfrtU;&y?kq r k] ifjiz s { ;] ¼n` f "V f=kT;k] N;&o` f )½] vf{kLrj
¼us = k&ry@us = k&Lrj@n` f "V&Lrj½] fLFkj n` ' ;&fca n q ] yks i hfca n q ] vuq i kr&lekuq i kr] [kkdk
cukuk ¼nzqr js[kkfp=k½ js[kkadu] izdk'k&Nk;k] isafVax] fLFkj oLrq&fp=k.k] Hkw&n`';] 'kjhj&jpuk]
mèokZèkj ¼yEcor~½] {kSfrt] f} ,oa f=k&vk;ke ikjn'khZ ,oa vikjn'khZ
¼c½
lkexzh&dkxt] ¼dkfVªZt gkFk ls cuk½ isafly] ikuh] ,dsfyd jax] VsEijk jax] iksLVj jax
tykojksèkd L;kgh] dSuokl rFkk gkMZcksMZA
4-
la ; ks t u&ekè;e % dks y kt] eks t kbd ¼iPphdkjh fp=k½] is f Va x E;w j y] ÝLdks ¼fHkfÙkfp=k½]
ckfVd] ca è ks t A
5-
ewfrZdyk % mHkkjnkj vkSj xksykdkj ¼lEiw.kZ½ ewfrZf'kYi] feV~Vh ls ewfrZ cukuk] e`.ewfrZ ¼idkbZ gqbZ feV~Vh
dh ewfrZ½ dk"B ,oa ik"kk.k r{k.k] dkL; dh <ykbZ rFkk IykLVj vkWQ isfjlA
6-
Nkik fp=kdyk % fyuks&dV] mHkkjnkj&eqn.z k] xksnuk ¼,fpax½] fyFkks&eqn.z k] flYd LØhu&eqn.z k] ysVj izl
s rFkk
vkWQlsV eqn.z kA
7-
vuqi;z Dq r dyk % iqLrd vkoj.k&fMtkbu rFkk ?kVuk&fp=k.k ¼byLVs'ª ku½] O;aX;&fp=k.k iksLVj] lekpkj&i=k
rFkk if=kdkvksa vkfn ds fy, foKkiu] rFkk dEI;wVj Nkik fp=k.kA
315
¼d½ fp=kdyk ¼dks M la - 049½½
ifjp; %
ofj"B ekè;fed Lrj ij ,d ,sfPNd fo"k; ds :i esa fp=kdyk ds ikB~;Øe dk mís'; ;g gS fd
flaèkq ?kkVh dky ls ysdj orZeku dky rd O;kIr Hkkjr dh le`) lkaLÑfrd fojklr esa lekfgr n`';kRed
dyk vfHkO;fDr;ksa ds fofHkUu egÙoiw.kZ vkSj tkus&ekus igyqvksa dh le>&cw> ds }kjk fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds
lkSUn;kZRed cksèk dks fodflr fd;k tk,A bldh ifjfèk esa js[kkadu rFkk jax Hkjus ds izk;ksfxd vH;kl
Hkh lfEefyr fd;s x, gSa] ftlls fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh voyksdu] dYiuk rFkk l`tu dh ekufld 'kfDr;ksa
ds fodl ds lkFk&lkFk mudh vfHkO;fDr ds fy, vko';d HkkSfrdh; dkS'kyksa dk Hkh fodkl fd;k
tk lds A
mís'; %
¼d½ lS ) ka f rd ¼Hkkjrh; dyk dk bfrgkl½
fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds fy, Hkkjrh; dyk ds bfrgkl dks 'kkfey djus dk mís'; ;g gS fd mUgsa Hkkjr
ds fofHkUu {ks=kksa esa izpfyr dyk&vfHkO;fDr;ksa dh fofoèk 'kSfy;ksa rFkk :iksa ds izdkjksa ¼foèkkvks½a ls ifjfpr
djk;k tk,A buds vè;;u ls mudk n`f"Vdks.k O;kid gksxk] os iz'kalk dj ldus ds ;ksX; cu ldsaxs
rFkk muesa lkSUn;kZRed laonsu'khyrk fodflr gksxh ftlls os izÑfr rFkk thou ds lkSan;Z dk vkuUn
ys ldsaA blds ekè;e ls fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks ,slk voyksdu rFkk vè;;u djus ds volj Hkh izkIr gksaxs
fd fofHkUu dyk 'kSfy;ksa ds ikjLifjd lfEeyu ls 'kSfy;ksa esa fdl izdkj ifjorZu vkrs gSa rFkk ,d
loZFkk uohu dyk 'kSyh dk mn~Hko ¼tUe½ gksrk gSA fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks dyk dh tkudkjh ekuoh;&vuqHkoksa
ds :i esa nh tkuh pkfg,A vè;kidksa dks pkfg, fd os fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks fofHkUu dykRed vfHkO;fDr;ksa]
ekè;eksa vkSj iz;ksxksa esa vkus okys midj.kksa dh vfèkd ls vfèkd tkudkjh iznku djsaA
Hkkjrh; dyk dk ,d yack bfrgkl gS vr% fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks Hkkjrh; n`';kRed dyk esa gq, fodkl
dh laf{kIr >yfd;ksa ls ifjfpr djk;k tk,xk tks voèkkj.kk fuekZ.k ds fy, vko';d gSA ikB~;Øe
esa lfEefyr mnkgj.kksa dk p;u muds lkSan;kZRed xq.kksa dks è;ku esa j[kdj vkSj dsoy fn'kk&funsZ'k
ds fy, fd;k x;k gSA
¼[k½ iz k ;ks f xd
fp=kdyk esa izk;ksfxd vH;klksa dks 'kkfey djus dk mís'; fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh lgk;rk djuk rFkk
mUgsa bl ;ksX; cukuk gS %
fp=kdyk esa iz;qDr lkexzh ¼lrg] midj.k rFkk lkt&lkeku vkfn½ dks izHkkodkjh <ax ls bLrseky
djus dh n{krk fodflr djukA
thou rFkk izÑfr esa feyus okyh lkekU; oLrqvksa vkSj vusdkusd T;kferh; vkSj vT;kferh;
:ikdkjksa ds vè;;u }kjk muds voyksdu&dkS'ky dks rh{.k ¼iSuk½ djuk(
bu voyksduksa ds js[kkadu rFkk jx Hkjus dh n{krk fodflr djuk(
fp=k&la;kstu dh le> ¼fp=k&la;kstu ds rRoksa vkSj fl)kUrksa dk iz;ksx½ dks fodflr djuk(
fofHkUu :iksa vkSj jax ;kstukvksa dks igys dfYir :i esa l`ftr djus vkSj fQj mUgsa izHkkodkjh
<ax ls js[kkadu vkSj jaxksa esa vfHkO;Dr djus dh {kerk iSnk djukA
thou rFkk izÑfr ds fofHkUu euksHkkoksa] eu%fLFkfr;ksa rFkk fofHkUu :iksa dks js[kkvksa] vkdkjksa ,oa
jaxksa esa vfHkO;Dr djukA
316
ikB~;Øe dh lajpu
d{kk&11 ¼lS)kafrd½
72 ihfj;M
,d lS)kafrd i=k
iw.kk±d % 40
le; % 2 ?kaVk
bdkbZ;ka %
va d
Hkkjrh; dyk dk bfrgkl
1-
iwoZ ,frgkfld ik"kk.k dyk vFkok flaèkq ?kkVh dh dyk
10
2-
ckS)] tSu rFkk fgUnw dyk
15
3-
eafnj ewfrZdyk dkaL; ewfrZ;ka rFkk Hkkjrh;&bLykfed LFkkiR;
15
ds dykRed i{k
dq y
30
bdkbZ&I % iwoZ ,frgkfld ik"kk.k dyk vFkok flaèkq ?kkVh dh dyk
(gM+Iik rFkk eksgutksnM+ks)
(2500 bZ-iw- ls 1500 bZ-iw-½
1 A iwoZ ,frgkfld ik"kk.k dyk
ifjp;
(1) le; vkSj LFkku
(2) iwoZ ,frgkfld fp=kdyk Kku
(3) ?kwers gq, i'kq HkhecsFkkdk
(4) yksd u`R; HkhecsFkkdk
¼ 1B ifjp;
(i) dky rFkk vofLFkfr
(ii) foLrkj % yxHkx 1500 ehy esa
¼d½ gM+Iik rFkk eksgutksnM+ks ¼tks vc ikfdLrku esa gS½
¼[k½ jksiM+] yksFky] jaxiqj] vkyexhjiqj] dkyh caxku] cuokyh rFkk èkkSyk ohjk ¼Hkkjr es½a
¼2½ fuEufyf[kr ewfrZ;ka ,oa iDdh feV~Vh dh ewfrZ;ksa dk vè;;u
(i) urZdh ¼eksgutksnM+k½s
dkaL;] 10.5 × 5 × 2.5 ls-ehyxHkx 2500 bZ- iw¼laxgz % jk"Vªh; laxgz ky;] ubZ fnYyh½
(ii) iq#"k èkM+ ¼gM+Iik½
pwus dk iRFkj 9.2 × 5.8 × 3 ls-ehyxHkx 2500 bZ- iw¼laxgz % jk"Vªh; laxgz ky;] ubZ fnYyh½
317
12 ihfj;M
(iii)
ekr`nos h ¼eksgutksnM+k½s
iDdh feV~Vh 22 × 8 × 5 ls-ehyxHkx 2500 bZ- iw¼laxgz % jk"Vªh; laxgz ky;] ubZ fnYyh½
¼3½ fuEufyf[kr eksgj dk vè;;u %
(i) o`"kHk ¼eksgu tksnM+k½s
iRFkj lsy[kM+h 2.5 × 2.5 × 1.4 ls-eh- yxHkx 2500 bZ- iw¼laxgz % jk"Vªh; laxgz ky;] ubZ fnYyh½
¼4½ fuEufyf[kr e`nH` kkaM ¼feV~Vh ds crZuks½a ij vyadj.k dk vè;;u %
(i) fpf=kr e`nH~ kkaM ¼tkj½ ¼eksgutksnM+k½s
¼laxgz % jk"Vªh; laxgz ky; % ubZ fnYyh½
bdkbZ&2- ckS¼] tSu rFkk fgUnw dyk
24 ihfj;M
¼rhljh 'krkCnh bZ- iw- ls 8oha 'krkCnh bZ- rd½
¼1½ ekS;]Z 'kqxa ] dq"kk.k ¼xkaèkkj ,oa eFkqjk½ rFkk xqIr dkyhu dyk dk lkekU; ifjp; %
¼2½ fuEufyf[kr ewfrZ;ksa dk vè;;u %
(i) lkjukFk dk flag 'kh"kZ ¼ekS;Z dky½
ikfy'knkj cyqvk iRFkj
yxHkx rhljh 'krkCnh bZ- iw¼laxgz % lkjukFk laxgz ky;] mÙkj&izn's k½
(ii) nhnkj xat ls izkIr paoj èkkfj.kh ¼;{kh½ ¼ekS;Z dky½
ikfy'knkj cyqvk iRFkj
yxHkx rhljh 'krkCnh bZ- iw¼laxgz % iVuk laxgz ky;] fcgkj½A
(iii) r{kf'kyk ls izkIr cksfèklRo 'kh"kZ ¼dq"kk.k dky xkaèkkj 'kSyh½
iRFkj] 27.5 × 20 × 15 ls-ehyxHkx f}rh; 'krkCnh bZ¼laxgz % jk"Vªh; laxgz ky;] ubZ fnYyh½A
(iv) dVjk Vhyk ls izkIr vkluLFk cq) ¼dq"kk.k dky eFkqjk 'kSyh½
fpÙkhnkj yky cyqvk iRFkj
yxHkx rhljh 'krkCnh bZ- iw¼laxgz % jktdh; laxgz ky;] eFkqjk½A
(v) lkjukFk ls izkIr vkluLFk cq) ¼xqIrdky½
iRFkj
yxHkx 5oha 'krkCnh bZ¼laxgz % lkjukFk laxgz ky;] mÙkjizn's k½A
318
(vi)
tSu rhFk±dj ¼xqIrdky½
fpÙkhnkj yky cyqvk iRFkj
yxHkx 5oha 'krkCnh bZ¼laxgz % jkT; laxgz ky;] y[kuÅ] m-iz-½A
¼3½ vtUrk dk ifjp; %
vofLFkfr] dky] xqQkvksa dh la[;k] pSR; rFkk fogkj] fp=k ,oa ewfrZ;ka] fo"k;&oLrq rFkk rduhd vkfnA
¼4½ fuEufyf[kr fp=k rFkk ewfrZ dk vè;;u %
(i) in~eikf.k cksfèklÙo ¼vtUrk xqQk la- 1] egkjk"Vª½
E;qjy ¼fp=k½
yxHkx 5oha 'krkCnh bZ(ii) ekj fot; ¼vtUrk xqQk la- 26] egkjk"Vª½
iRFkj esa mRdh.kZ ewfrZ
yxHkx 5oha 'krkCnh bZ-
bdkbZ&3- eafnj&ewfrZdyk] dkL; ewfrZ;ka rFkk Hkkjrh;&bLykeh LFkkiR; ds dykRed i{k (36 ihfj;M)
¼v½ eafnj&ewfrZdyk %
¼6oha 'krkCnh bZ- ls 13oha 'krkCnh bZ-½
1- eafnj&ewfrZdyk dk ifjp;
2- fuEufyf[kr eafnj&ewfrZ;ksa dk vè;;u %
(i)
xaxk&vorj.k ¼iYyo dky] egkcyhiqje] rfeyukMq½
xzus kbV f'kyk ¼iRFkj½
yxHkx 7oha 'krkCnh bZ-A
(ii) jko.k dSyk'k ioZr dks fgykrs gq, ¼jk"VªdV
w ] ,yksjk] egkjk"Vª½
iRFkj
yxHkx 8oha 'krkCnh bZ(iii) f=kewfrZ ¼,fyQsUVk] egkjk"Vª½
iRFkj
yxHkx 9oha 'krkCnh bZ(iv) y{ehukjk;.k] danjh; egknso eafnj ¼pany
s dky] [ktqjkgks] e-iz-½
iRFkj
yxHkx 10oha 'krkCnh bZ(v) >ka> ¼eathjk½ okfndk] lw;Z eafnj ¼xaxk jktoa'k] dks.kkdZ] mM+hlk½
iRFkj
yxHkx 13oha 'krkCnh bZ319
(vi)
eka vkSj cPpk] foey'kkg eafnj ¼lksyd
a h jktoa'k] fnyokM+k] ekmaV vkcw ] jktLFkku½
lQsn laxejej
yxHkx 13oha 'krkCnh bZ-
¼c½ dkaL; ewfrZ;ka %
1- Hkkjrh; dkaL; dyk dk ifjp;
2-
<kyus dh i)fr ¼Bksl rFkk [kks[kyh½
3-
fuEufyf[kr nf{k.k Hkkjrh; dkaL; ewfrZ;ksa dk vè;;u %
(i)
uVjkt ¼pksy dky] ratkoqj ftyk] rfeyukMq½
12oha 'krkCnh bZ¼laxgz % jk"Vªh; laxgz ky;] ubZ fnYyh½
(ii)
nsoh ¼mek½ pksy dky
11oha 'krkCnh bZ-
¼laxgz % jk"Vªh; laxgz ky;] ubZ fnYyh½
¼l½ Hkkjrh;&bLykeh LFkkiR; ds dykRed i{k %
1- ifjp;
2-
fuEufyf[kr LFkkiR;ksa dk vè;;u %
(i)
dqrcq ehukj] fnYyh
(ii)
rktegy] vkxjk
(iii)
xksy xqca t] chtkiqj
d{kk 11 ¼izk;ksfxd½
,d izk;ksfxd iz'u i=k
le;% 6 ?kaVs
(3+3)
iw.kk±d % 60
bdkbZ ds vuqlkj vadksa dk [email protected] %
bdkbZ ; ka
va d
1- izÑfr vkSj oLrq dk vè;;u
20
2- fp=k&la;kstu
20
3- l=k dk;Z
20
dqy
bdkbZ&1- izÑfr vkSj oLrq dk vè;;u
60
60 ihfj;M
,d fLFkj fcUnq ls nks ;k rhu izkÑfrd vkSj T;kferh; :ikdkjksa dk isfa ly ekè;e esa izdk'k vkSj Nk;k lfgr
vè;;uA ikSèkks]a lfCt;ks]a Qyksa rFkk Qwyksa vkfn tSls izkÑfrd :ikdkjksa dk iz;ksx fd;k tk,A ?kuks]a 'kadqvks]a leik'oks±
320
¼fiz T eks a ½ ] cs y ukdkjks a rFkk xks y kdkjks a tS l s T;kferh; :ikdkjks a vFkok oLrq v ks a dk iz ; ks x fd;k tkuk
pkfg,A
bdkbZ&2 % fp=k la;kstu
(i)
(ii)
60 ihfj;M
izkFkfed rFkk f}rh;d jaxksa esa T;kferh; vkSj y;kRed vkÑfr;ksa dh js[kk;h&fofHkUurkvksa esa vkèkkjHkwr vkys[ku
¼csfld fMtkbu½ ds ljy vH;kl djuk rkfd vkys[ku ,d laxfBr n`';kRed O;oLFkk ds :i esa le>k
tk ldsA
10 vad ¼36 ihfj;M½
25 vad
thou rFkk izÑfr ds n`';ksa ds nzqr js[kkfp=k
10 vad
¼24 ihfj;M½
3- l=k&dk;Z
48 ihfj;M
,d iksVZQksfy;ks izLrqr djuk ftlesa fuEufyf[kr jpuk,a 'kkfey gksa %
¼d½ l=k ds nkSjku rS;kj fd;s x, fdlh Hkh ekè;e esa izÑfr rFkk oLrq vè;;u ds ikap p;u fd;s
x, fp=kksa dks izLrqr djuk ftuesa ls de ls de nks fLFkj&thou oLrqvksa ds vH;kl gksa
10 vad
¼24 ihfj;M½
26 vad
10 vad ¼24 ihfj;M½
¼[k½ o"kZ ds nkSjku rS;kj fd, x, fp=kksa esa ls nks p;u dh xbZ Ñfr;kaA
ikB~;Øe ds nkSjku ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa }kjk fufeZr rFkk p;u dh xbZ ;s Ñfr;k¡ fo|ky; ds izkfèkdkfj;ksa }kjk
izekf.kr djkds fd bUgsa fo|ky; esa gh fufeZr fd;k x;k gS] ewY;kadu ds fy, ijh{kd ds lEeq[k izLrqr dh
tk;saxhA
fVIi.kh le;&lkfj.kh bl izdkj cukbZ tk, fd fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks ,d ckj esa de ls de nks ihfj;M rd
fujarj dk;Z djus dk volj fey ldsA
ikB~;Øe dh lajpuk
d{kk
,d lS)kfUrd iz'u i=k
12
¼lS)kfUrd½
le; % 2 ?kaVs
iw.kk±d 40
72 ihfj;M
bdkbZ ; ka
va d
Hkkjrh; dyk dk bfrgkl
1- jktLFkkuh ,oa igkM+h y?kq&fp=k 'kSfy;ka
2- eqxy ,oa nfD[kuh y?kqfp=k 'kSfy;ka
3- caxky fp=k 'kSyh vkSj
4- Hkkjrh; dyk esa vkèkqfud izof` Ùk;ka
10
10
10
10
dqy
bdkbZ&1 % jktLFkkuh rFkk igkM+h y?kq&fp=k 'kSfy;ka
¼16oha 'krkCnh bZ- ls 19oha 'krkCnh bZ- rd½
321
40
24 ihfj;M
(i)
Hkkjrh; y?kq&fp=k 'kSfy;ksa ds uke % if'peh&Hkkjrh;] iky] jktLFkkuh] eqxy] eè;&Hkkjrh;] nfD[kuh rFkk
igkM+hA
¼v½ jktLFkkuh 'kSyh %
1-
mn~Hko ,oa fodkl
2-
mi&'kSfy;ka&esokM+] cwna h] tksèkiqj] chdkusj] fd'kux<+ rFkk t;iqjA
3-
jktLFkkuh 'kSyh dh eq[; fo'ks"krk,a
4-
fuEufyf[kr jktLFkkuh fp=kksa dk vè;;u %
'kh"kZ d
fp=kdkj
ek:&jkfxuh
lkfgcnhu
esokM+
jktk vfu:) flag gkM+k
mRdy jke
cwna h
pkSxku ds f[kykM+h
nkuk
tksèkiqj
Ñ".k >wys ij
uw:íhu
chdkusj
jkèkk ¼ck.kh&B.kh½
fugkypUn
fd'kux<+
fp=kdwV esa Hkjr dk jke ls feyki
xqeku
t;iqj
¼c½ igkM+h 'kSyh %
1-
mn~Hko ,oa fodkl
2-
mi'kSfy;ka clksgyh rFkk dkaxM+k
3-
igkM+h 'kSyh dh eq[; fo'ks"krk,a
4-
fuEufyf[kr igkM+h fp=kksa dk v/;;u
(i)
d`".k xksfi;ksa ds lax
mi'kSyh
(ii)
jkxes?k
dkaxM+k
bdkbZ&2 % eqxy rFkk nfD[kuh y?kq&fp=k 'kSfy;ka
¼16oha 'krkCnh bZ- ls 19 'krkCnh bZ- rd½
¼v½ eqxy 'kSyh %
1- mn~Hko ,oa fodkl
2- eqx+y 'kSyh dh eq[; fo'ks"krk,a
3- fuEufyf[kr eqxy fp=kksa dk vè;;u %
322
24 ihfj;M
mi&'kS y h
'kh"kZ d
fp=kdkj
mi&'kS y h
xksoèkZuèkkjh Ñ".k
feLdhu
vdcj
ckcj lksu unh ikj djrs gq,
txukFk
vdcj
efj;e dk fp=k fy, gq, tgkaxhj
vcqy glu
tgkaxhj
i{kh&foJke ¼vM~M½s ij ckt+
mLrkn eUlwj
tgkaxhj
dchj vkSj jSnkl
mLrkn Qdh:Yykg [kka
'kkgtgka
}kjk f'kdksg dh ckjkr
gkt+h enuh
izkra h; eqx+y ¼voèk½
¼c½ nfD[kuh 'kSyh %
1-
mn~Hko ,oa fodkl
2-
nfD[kuh 'kSyh dh eq[; fo'ks"krk,a
3-
fuEufyf[kr nfD[kuh fp=kksa dk vè;;u %
'kh"kZ d
i'kS y h
urZfd;ka
gSnjkckn
pkan chch iksyks ¼pkSxku½ [ksyrs gq,
xksydq.Mk
bdkbZ&3 % caxky fp=k 'kSyh vkSj Hkkjrh; dyk esa vkèkqfud izo`fÙk;ka
24 ihfj;M
¼yxHkx 19oha 'krkCnh ds eè; rFkk mlls vkxs½
¼v½ 1--
¼v½ Hkkjrh; dyk esa uohu ;qx&,d ifjp;
¼c½
fuEufyf[kr fp=kksa dk vè;;u %
(i)
2¼c½ 1--
leqnz dk eku&enuZ djrs gq, jke&jktk jfo oekZ
Hkkjr ds jk"Vªh; èot dk fodkl ¼izFke pj.k 1906] eè; pj.k 1921 rFkk vafre pj.k 1947½ :i ¼vkdkj½
rFkk jax ;kstuk dk vè;;u
caxky fp=k 'kSyh dk ifjp;
(i)
caxkyh 'kSyh dk mn~Hko ,oa fodkl
(ii)
caxky 'kSyh dh eq[; fo'ks"krk,a
2-
jk"Vªh; Lora=krk vkanksyu esa Hkkjrh; dykdkjksa dk ;ksxnku
3-
caxky 'kSyh ds fuEufyf[kr fp=kksa dk vè;;u %
(i)
;k=kk dk var vouhUnz ukFk Bkdqj
(ii)
ikFkZlkjFkh uan yky olq
(iii)
jkfèkdk eks- vCnqjgZ eku pqxrbZ
323
bdkbZ ¼4½ Hkkjrh; dyk esa vkèkqfud izo`fÙk;ka
1-
2-
3-
fuEufyf[kr fp=kksa dk vè;;u %
(i)
tknwxj&xxusUnz ukFk VSxksj
(ii)
eka vkSj cPpk&;kfeuh jk;
(iii)
vkSjr dh eq[kkÑfr johUnz ukFk VSxksj
(iv)
rhu yM+fd;ka ve`rk 'ksj&fxy
fuEufyf[kr ewfrZ&f'kYiksa dk vè;;u %
(i)
Je dh fot; nsoh izlkn jk; pkSèkjh
(ii)
laFkky ifjokj&jkefdadj oSt
fuEufyf[kr ledkyhu Hkkjrh; dykÑfr;ksa dk vè;;u %
¼v½ fp=k
(i)
enj Vsjls k edcwy fQnk gqluS
(ii)
dfork dk tUe Ñ".k dfV~V gsCckj
(iii)
xi'ki&ukjk;.k Jhèkj csUnzs
(iv)
'kh"kZd foghu&xqyke jlwy larks"k
(v)
fod.kZ ¼frjNk½&rS;c esgrk
¼c½ Nkik fp=k %
(i)
Hkaoj Ñ".k jsMM~ h
(ii)
cPps lkseukFk gksj
(iii)
nsoh T;ksfr HkV~V
(iv)
nhokjksa ls ljksdkj vuqie lwn
(v)
iq#"k] L=kh ,oa o`{k ds y{ek xkSM
¼l½ ewfrZ&f'kYi %
(i)
[kM+h gqbZ vkSjr&èkujkt Hkxr
(ii)
vulquh ph[ks&a vejukFk lgxy
(iii)
x.ks'k&ih-oh- tkudhjke
(iv)
vkÑfr 'ka[kks pkSèkjh
(v)
prqe[Zq kh ,Ddk ;knfxjh jko
fVIi.kh % mi;qDZ r dykdkjksa ds uke rFkk mudh dykÑfr;ksa ds 'kh"kZd dsoy lq>ko ds :i esa gSa vkSj fdlh Hkh
:i esa lEiw.kZ ugha gSAa vè;kidksa rFkk fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks vius lkèkuksa ds vuqlkj bldks foLr`r djuk
pkfg,] ijUrq iz'u&i=k dsoy mi;qDZ r dykÑfr;ksa esa ls gh rS;kj fd;k tk;sxkA
324
d{kk&12 ¼izk;ksfxd½
,d iz;ksfxd iz'u i=k
le;% 6 ?kaVs
(3+3)
iw.kk±d % 60
bdkbZ ; ka
va d
1-
izÑfr rFkk oLrq&vè;;u
20
2-
fp=k la;kstu
20
3-
l=k dk;Z
20
dqy
bdkbZ&1 % izÑfr rFkk oLrq&vè;;u %
60
60 ihfj;M
d{kk 11 esa fn;s x, vH;klksa ds vkèkkj ij rFkk lkFk esa ijns dh i`"BHkwfe esa nks ;k rhu oLrqvksa dk ,d fuf'pr
fcUnq ls isfa ly ekè;e esa izdk'k o Nk;k lfgr rFkk lEiw.kZ jaxksa esa vH;klA
bdkbZ&2 % fp=k la;kstu %
60 ihfj;M
thou vkSj@;k izÑfr ds fo"k;ksa ij vkèkkfjr dkYifud fp=kksa dk ty&jaxksa vFkok iksLVj&jaxksa es]a o.kZ&eku
lafgr fuekZ.kA
bdkbZ&3 % l=k dk;Z %
48 ihfj;M
,d iksVQ
Z ksfy;ks izLrqr djuk] ftlesa fuEufyf[kr jpuk,a 'kkfey gksa %
¼d½ l=k ds nkSjku rS;kj fd;s x, rFkk fdlh Hkh ekè;e esa izÑfr rFkk oLrq&vè;;u ds ikap p;u fd;s x,
vH;kl ftuesa de ls de nks fLFkj&thou oLrqvksa ds vH;kl gksAa
10
¼[k½ o"kZ ds nkSjku ijh{kkFkhZ }kjk rS;kj fd;s fp=k@la;kstuksa esa ls p;u fd;s x, nks fp=k la;kstuA
ijh{kkFkhZ }kjk ikB~;Øe ds nkSjku fufeZr rFkk bu p;u dh xbZ Ñfr;ksa dks fo|ky; ds izkfèkdkfj;ksa }kjk
;g izekf.kr djkds fd bUgsa fo|ky; esa gh fufeZr fd;k x;k gS] ewY;kadu ds fy, ijh{kdksa ds lEeq[k izLrqr
fd;k tk,A
fVIi.kh % le;&lkfj.kh bl izdkj cukbZ tk, fd fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks ,d ckj esa de ls de nks ihfj;M
rd ,d lkFk fujarj dk;Z djus dk volj fey ldsA
325
izk;ksfxd ijh{kk ds ewY;kadu ds fy, fn'kkfunsZ'k
1-- vad ;kstuk %
Hkkx
Hkkx
Hkkx
I
% izÑfr rFkk oLrq vè;;u
(i)
js[kkadu ¼la;kstu½
10
(ii)
ekè;e@jaxksa dk iz;ksx
05
(iii)
lexz izHkko
II
5
fp=k la;kstu
(i)
la;kstu&O;oLFkk] fo"k; ij cy lfgr
10
(ii)
ekè;e ¼jaxks½a dk iz;ksx
05
(iii)
ekSfydrk vkSj lexz izHkko
5
II
(i)
20 vad
20 vad
l=k dk;Z
fdlh Hkh ekè;e esa izÑfr rFkk oLrq&vè;;u ds ikap p;u fd;s gq,
vH;kl ftuesa de ls de nks fLFkj thou oLrqvksa ds vH;kl gksaA
10
20 vad
(ii)
thou vkSj izÑfr ij vkèkkfjr rS;kj fd;s x;s nks p;fur fp=k la;kstu 10
fVIi.kh % l=k dk;ks± dk ewY;kadu Hkh blh vkèkkj ij fd;k tk,xk
2-- iz'uksa dk izk:i
Hkkx&I % izÑfr rFkk oLrq&vè;;u %
vius lkeus ,d Mªkbax cksMZ ij O;ofLFkr ,d oLrq&lewg ds fLFkj thou dk js[kkadu vkSj
fp=k.k ,d fLFkj fcUnq ¼tks vkidks fn;k x;k gS½ ls vèkZ&bEihfj;y vkdkj okys ,d Mªkbax&dkxt
ij isafly vFkok jaxksa esa dhft,A vkidk fp=k dkxt ds vuqikruqlkj gksuk pkfg,A oLrqvksa dks
izdk'k&Nk;k rFkk izfrPNk;k ¼ijNkbZ½ lfgr ;FkkFkZoknh <ax ls fpf=kr fd;k tkuk pkfg,A bl
vè;;u esa Mªkbax cksMZ dks 'kkfey ugha djuk gSA
fVIi.kh % oLrqvksa ds lewg dk p;u ckg~; vkSj vkarfjd ijh{kdksa }kjk la;qDr :i ls funsZ'kkuqlkj
ijke'kZ djds djuk gSA izÑfr rFkk oLrq&vè;;u dh oLrqvksa dks ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa ds lEeq[k
O;ofLFkr fd;k tk,A
Hkkx&II fp=k la;kstu %
vkèks bEihfj;y vkdkj okys Mªkbax&dkxt ij {kSfrt vFkok ÅèokZèkj fn'kk esa viuh ilan
ds fdlh ekè;e ¼ty@isLVy@VsEijk ,d+Sfyd jaxksa½ esa fuEufyf[kr ikap fo"k;ksa esa ls fdlh ,d
ij fp=k la;kstu dhft,A vkidk la;kstu ekSfyd rFkk izHkkodkjh gksuk pkfg,A lqO;ofLFkr js[kkadu]
ekè;e ¼jax vkfn½ ds izHkkoksRiknd iz;ksx] fo"k; oLrq ij ;Fkksfpr cy rFkk lEiw.kZ LFkku ds lnqi;ksx
djus dks vfèkd vad fn;s tk,axsA
fVIi.kh % fp=k la;kstu ds fy, fdUgha ikap mi;qDr fo"k;ksa dk p;u@fuèkkZj.k cká rFkk vkarfjd
ijh{kd funsZ'kkuqlkj la;qDr :i ls djsaxs vkSj Hkkx II dh ijh{kk ds vkjaHk gksus ls Bhd
igys ;gka mudk mYys[k djsxa As
326
3--
¼v½ izÑfr rFkk oLrq vè;;u ds fy, oLrqvksa dk p;u djus ds ckjs esa vuqns'k
1-
ijh{kd ,slh nks ;k rhu mi;qDr oLrqvksa dk bl <ax ls p;u@fuèkkZj.k djsa fd oLrqvksa ds bl lewg esa izkÑfrd
rFkk T;kferh; :ikdkj 'kkfey gks tk,a %
(i)
izkÑfrd :i&cM+s vkdkj ds csycwVs rFkk Qwy] Qy ,oa ouLifr;ka vkfnA
(ii)
ydM+h@IykfLV@dkxt@èkkrq@feêh vkfn ls cus T;kferh; :i] tSls ?ku] 'kad]q leik'oZ] csyukdkj vkSj
orqy
Z kdkj oLrq,Aa
(iii)
vT;kferh; :i] tSl&s ?kjsyw crZu ,oa nSfud mi;ksx esa vkus okyh oLrq,a vkfnA
2-
lkekU;r% cM+s ¼mi;qDr½ vkdkj dh oLrqvksa dk p;u fd;k tkuk pkfg,A
3-
ijh{kk dsUnz ds LFky rFkk _rq ds vuqlkj izÑfr ls lacfa èkr ,d inkFkZ vo'; 'kkfey fd;k tk,aA izkÑfrd
oLrqvksa dh [kjhn@O;oLFkk ijh{kk okys fnu gh dh tk, rkfd mudh rktxh cjdjkj jgsA
4-
p;u dh xbZ oLrqvksa ds jaxksa rFkk mudh Vksu ds vuq:i i`"BHkwfe rFkk vxzHkwfe ds fy, vyx&vyx jaxksa
ds nks diM+kas dks ¼,d xgjh jaxr esa vkSj nwljk gYdh jaxr es½a Hkh 'kkfey fd;k tk,A
¼c½ fp=k la;kstu ds fo"k;&fuèkkZj.k ds fy, vuqns'k
1-
ijh{kdksa dks fp=k&la;kstu ds fy, ikap mi;qDr fo"k;ksa dk p;u@fuèkkZj.k djuk gSA
2-
izR;sd fo"k; bl izdkj cuk;k tk;s fd ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa dks fo"k; dk Li"V cksèk gks tk, vkSj os muds fuekZ.k
esa viuh dYiuk 'kfDr dk [kqydj iz;ksx dj lds]a D;ksfa d D;k dke fd;k tk jgk gS] ;g mruk egÙoiw.kZ
ugha gS ij mls fdl izdkj lEiUu fd;k tk jgk gS] ;g vfèkd egÙoiw.kZ gSA
3-
fo"k;ksa dk p;u@fuèkkZj.k djus ds fy, ijh{kd Lora=k gSa ijUrq ;s fo"k; d{kk ckjgoha ds Lrj vkSj
fo|ky;@ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa ds okrkoj.k ds vuqlkj gksus pkfg,A
fp=k&la;kstu ds fo"k;ksa ds dqN igpku {ks=kksa dk mYys[k uhps fd;k x;k gS buesa vko';drkuqlkj dqN vU;
{ks=kksa dk lekos'k Hkh fd;k tk ldrk gS %
4--
(i)
ifjokj] fe=kksa rFkk nSfud thou ds dk;Zdyki
(ii)
ikfjokfjd O;kolkf;;ksa ds dk;Zdyki
(iii)
[ksy&dwn ds dk;Zdyki
(iv)
izÑfr
(v)
dkYifudrk
(vi)
jk"Vªh;] èkkfeZd] lkaLÑfrd] ,sfrgkfld rFkk lkekftd ?kVuk,a ,oa lekjksg
ijh{kdksa ds fy, lkekU; vuqns'k %
1-
ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa dks ijh{kk ds izFke rhu ?kaVksa ds ckn ,d ?kaVs dk vodk'k fn;k tk,aA
327
2-
Hkkx I, II rFkk III ds fy, ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa ds dk;ks± dk ewY;kadu cká vkSj vkarfjd ijh{kdksa }kjk la;qDr :i
ls ijh{kk LFky ij gh fd;k tkuk gSA
3-
Hkkx I, II rFkk III ds izR;sd dk;Z dk ewY;kadu gks tkus ds mijkar ml ij ^ewY;kafdr* fy[kdj cká rFkk
vkarfjd ijh{kdksa }kjk fofèkor~ gLrk{kj djus gSAa
vè;kidksa ds fy, izLrkfod dqN lanHkZ iqLrdsa ¼izk;ksfxd Hkkx ds fy,½ %
1-
^isUV fLVy ykbQ*] Dyksjës k OgkbV] ¼okYVj Vh- QkWLVj izdk'ku½A
2-
^vkVZ vkWQ Mªkbax* xzqEckpsj yk;czjs h cqd ¼okYVj Vh- QkWLVj izdk'ku½A
3-
^vkWu VsDuhDl*] fyvksu ÝSd
a ] ¼okYVj Vh- QkWLVj izdk'ku½A
4-
^eksj Vªht*] ÝsfMªd xkMZuj] ¼okYVj Vh- QkWLVj izdk'ku½A
5-
^gkm Vq Mªk ,.M isVa VSDlptZ vkQ ,sfueYt*] okYVj ts foYosfMax ¼okYVj Vh- QkWLVj izdk'ku½A
6-
^gkm Vq Mªk ,.M isVa ,sfueYt*] ,Dliz's k okYVj ts foYosfMax ¼okYVj Vh- QkWLVj izdk'ku½A
7-
^vkVZ vkWQ fn isfUly*] cksjks tkWulu] ¼lj vkbtd fiVeSu ,.M lat fy- ubZ fnYyh½A
8-
^fMtkbu QkWj ;w*] ,Fksy tSu chVysj] ¼tkWu foykjh ,.M lUt fy- ubZ fnYyh½
9-
^dEiyhV cqd vkWQ vkfVZLV~l VsDuhDl*] MkW- dqVZ gcZtZ ¼FkkWelu ,.M gM~lu] yanu½A
328
¼[k½ Nkik&fp=kdyk ¼dksM la- 050½½
ifjp; %
ofj"B ekè;fed Lrj ij ,d ,sfPNd fo"k; ds :i esa Nkik&fp=kdyk ds ikB~;Øe dk mís'; ;g
gS fd flaèkq ?kkVh ls ysdj orZeku dky rd O;kIr Hkkjr dh le`) lkaLd`frd fojklr esa lekfgr n`';kRed
dyk esa vfHkO;fDr;ksa ds fofHkUu egÙoiw.kZ vkSj tkus&igpkus igyqvksa rFkk :iksa dh le>&cw> ds }kjk
fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds lkSUn;kZRed cksèk dk fodkl djuk gSA bldh ifjfèk esa Nkik&fp=kksa ds fuekZ.k ds vH;kl
Hkh 'kkfey fd;s x, gSa] ftlls mudh voyksdu] dYiuk rFkk l`tu dh ekufld 'kfDr;ksa ds fodkl ds
lkFk&lkFk mudh vfHkO;fDr ds fy, vko';d HkkSfrd rFkk rduhdh dkS'kyksa dk Hkh fodkl fd;k tk
ldsA
mís'; %
¼d½ lS)kfUrd ¼Hkkjrh; dyk dk bfrgkl½
fVIi.kh % D;ksfa d Nkik&fp=kdyk ¼lS)kfUrd½ dk ikB~;Øe ogh gS tks fp=kdyk ¼lS)kfUrd½ dk gS] vr% blds
mís'; Hkh ogh gSAa
¼[k½ iz;ksfxd
Nkik fp=kdyk esa izk;ksfxd vH;klksa dks j[kus dk mís'; fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh lgk;rk djuk rFkk mUgsa
bl ;ksX; cukuk gS] ftlls os fizaV&fuekZ.k rduhdksa dh vusd fofèk;ksa rFkk ;Fks"V ifj.kke ykus ds fy,
fof'k"V :i ls fuèkkZfjr lkexzh ds iz;ksx }kjk ,d&jaxh; rFkk vusd jaxh; ljy la;ktuksa dh jpuk dj
ldsaA fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks Nkik&fuekZ.k dh fofoèk rduhdksa ds laf{kIr bfrgkl ls ifjfpr djokrs gq, fo"k;
ls voxr djkuk pkfg,A mUgsa ,sls vH;kl fn, tkus pkfg, ftlls os fofHkUu izfØ;kvksa esa dke vkus
okys midj.kksa rFkk lkt&leku dk lEeku djuk lh[ksa vkSj Bhd izdkj ls mudk iz;ksx rFkk j[k&j[kko
dj ldsaA
ikB~;Øe dh lajpuk
d{kk
,d lS)kfUrd iz'u i=k
11
¼lS)kfUrd½
le; % 2 ?kaVk
iw.kk±d % 40 72 ihfj;M
bdkbZ;ka
va d
Hkkjrh; dyk dk bfrgkl
1-
iwoZ ,frgkfld ik"k.k dyk vFkok flaèkq ?kkVh dh dyk
10
2-
ckS) tSu rFkk fganw dyk
15
3-
eafnj&ewfrZdyk] dkaL; ewfrZ;ka rFkk Hkkjrh; bLykfed LFkkiR;
ds dykRed i{k
15
dq y
329
40
fVIi.kh % X;kjgoha d{kk ds Nkik&fp=kdyk ¼lS)kfUrd½ dk ikB~;Øe ogh gS tks d{kk X;kjgoha ds fp=kdyk ¼lS)kfUrd½
ds fy, igys gh fn;k tk pqdk gSA
d{kk 11 ¼izk;ksfxd½
le;% 6 ?kaVs
izk;ksfxd iz'u i=k
(3+3)
iw.kk±d % 60
,d bdkbZ;ka
va d
1-
fyuksdV@oqMdV@isij dkMZcksMZ ds ekè;e ls mHkjnkj NikbZ ¼fjyhQ fizfUVax½
40
2-
l=k dk;Z
20
dq y
60
bdkbZ&1 % fdlh fn, gq, fo"k; ij 1@@ 4 bEihfj;y 'khV ij ¼fyuksdV@oqM dV
isij dkMZ&cksMZ ls Nkik&fp=k ¼fizUV½ cukuk
120 ihfj;M
mHkkjnkj NikbZ ¼fjyhQ fiz f Va x ½ ¼fyuks d V@oq M dV@is i j&dkMZ cks M Z Nkis ½ dk ikB~ ; Øe
1- Nkik ¼fizUV½ cukus ds bfrgkl dk ifjp;A
2- NikbZ ¼fizfVax½ dh fofèk;ka rFkk lkexzhA
3- NikbZ esa iz;qDr ¼fizfVax½ dh L;kfg;ksa] muds ?kksydksa rFkk jatdksa ¼Mk;lZ½ dh fo'ks"krk,aA
4- jftLVªs'ku dh fofèk;kaA
5- ljy] jaxhu NikbZ dh rduhd
6- Nkik&fp=k ¼fizaV½ dk ifj"dj.k ¼fQuhf'kax½ rFkk mldh e<+kbZA
bdkbZ&2 % l=k dk;Z
(48 ihfj;M)
ijh{kkFkhZ }kjk ikB~;Øe ds nkSjku cuk, x, rFkk p;u fd;s x, bu Nkik&fp=kksa ¼fyuksdV@oqMdV@isij
dkMZ&cksMZ Nkiksa esa ls½ dks fo|ky; ds izkfèkdkfj;ksa }kjk ;g izekf.kr djds fd bUgsa fo|ky; esa gh
cuk;k x;k gS] ewY;kadu gsrq ijh{kd ds le{k izLrqr fd;k tk,A
fVIi.kh
le; lkfj.kh bl izdkj cukbZ tk, fd fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks ,d ckj esa de ls de nks ihfj;M
rd fujarj dk;Z djus dk volj fey ldsA
ikB~ ; Øe dh la j puk
d{kk&12 ¼lS ) kfUrd½
,d lS)kafrd iz'u i=k
le; % 2 ?kaVs
iw.kk±d % 40
bdkbZ ; ka
Hkkjrh; dyk dk bfrgkl
1- jktLFkkuh ,oa igkM+h y?kqfp=k 'kSfy;ka
2- eqxy ,oa nfD[kuh y?kqfp=k 'kSfy;ka
3- caxky fp=k'kSyh rFkk
3- Hkkjrh; dyk esa vkèkqfud izof` Ùk;ka
72 ihfj;M
va d
dq y
330
10
10
10
10
40
fVIi.kh % d{kk 12 ds Nkik&fp=kdyk ¼lS)kfUrd½ dk ikB~;Øe ogh gS tks d{kk 12 fp=kdyk ¼lS)kfUrd½ ds
fy, igys gh fn;k tk pqdk gSA
d{kk&12 ¼izk;ksfxd½
le; % 6 ?kaVs
,d ¼izk;ksfxd½ iz'u i=k
(3+3)
iw.kk±d 60
bdkbZ ; ka
1-
2-
va d
lsfjxzkQh@fyFkksxkz Qh@vEykadu rFkk mRdh.kZu ¼,fpax½ rFkk ,uxzfs oax½
¼baVfs Xy;ks izfofèk½ rduhdksa }kjk Nkik&fp=k cukuk
40
l=k dk;Z
20
dqy
60
bdkbZ&1 % fo|kFkhZ vius fo|ky; esa miyCèk lqfoèkkvksa ds vkèkkj ij fuEufyf[kr ekè;eksa esa ls dksbZ ,d
dks pqusaxsA
¼ 120 ihfj;M½
¼d½ ls f jxz k Qh
1-
LVsaflyksa rFkk flYd LØhu dk bfrgklA
2-
izfofèk;ka rFkk lkexzhA
3-
jcM+ & cs y uks a ¼LDohth½ dk iz ; ks x rFkk j[k&j[kkoA
4-
lhfyax
5-
lQkbZ ds fy, ?kksyd] NikbZ dk L;kfg;ksa dks iz;ksx rFkk mudh fo'ks"krk,aA
6-
Nkik&fp=k ¼fizaV½ dk ifj"dj.k ¼fQuhf'kax½ rFkk mldh e<+kbZA
(Sealing)
jax dk;Z djus ds fy, jftLVªs'ku] dk;Z vkSj NikbZ ds fy, rS;kjhA
vFkok
¼[k½ fyFkks x z k Qh
1-
ifjp; % laf{kIr bfrgkl rFkk fyFkksxzkQh;&fizaV ¼Nkik½ cukus esa iz;qDr izfofèk;ka vkSj lkexzhA
2-
fyFkks iRFkj@ftad IysV~l dk iz;ksx rFkk mudh fo'ks"krk,a
3-
fyFkksxzkQh;&pkdksa rFkk L;kgh ¼VLd½ dk iz;ksxA
4-
NikbZ ds fy, rS;kjh djuk vkSj fofHkUu jklk;fud L;kfg;ksa dk iz;ksx] L;kgh yxkuk rFkk izwQ
ys u kA
5-
fyFkksxzkQh esa iz;qDr dkxt vkSj vafre Nkik&fp=k ¼Qkbuy fizUV½ fudkyukA
6-
Nkik&fp=k ¼fizaV½ dk ifj"dj.k ¼fQuhf'kax½ rFkk mldh e<+kbZA
vFkok
¼x½ vEykadu rFkk mRdh.kZu ¼,fpax rFkk ,uxzsfoax½ ¼baVsfXy;k izfofèk½
1-
baVsfXy;ks rduhd dk ifjp;] laf{kIr bfrgkl] fofèk;ka rFkk lkexzh] vEykadu ¼,fpax½ izsSlA
331
2-
IysV rS;kj djuk vkSj Hkwfe&caèku djuk ¼jftLV½ rFkk L;kgh nsuk ¼bafdax½A
3-
fofHkUu izdkj ds i`"Bks@a lrgksa ¼xzkm.Ml½ dh fo'ks"krk,aA
4-
fofHkUu vEyksa dh fo'ks"krk,a rFkk muds iz;ksxA
5-
jax&vEykadu ¼dyj ,fpax½ LVsfUlyksa rFkk ekdks± dk iz;ksxA
6-
Nkik&fp=k ¼fizVa ½ dk ifj"dj.k ¼fQuhf'kax½ rFkk mldh e<+kbZA
bdkbZ&2 % l=k dk;Z
48 ihfj;M
ijh{kkFkhZ }kjk ikB~;Øe ds nkSjku cuk, x, ,oa p;fur rhu Nkik&fp=kksa ¼fizVa ks½a dks fo|ky; ds izkfèkdkfj;ksa
}kjk izekf.kr djds fd bUgsa fo|ky; esa gh cuk;k x;k gS] ijh{kdksa ds le{k ewY;kadu gsrq izLrqr fd;k tk,A
fVIi.kh % le;&lkfj.kh bl izdkj cukbZ tk, fd fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks ,d ckj esa de ls de nks ihfj;M rd fujarj
dk;Z djus dk volj fey ldsAa
izk;ksfxd ewY;kadu ds fy, fn'kkfunsZ'k
1--
vad ;kstuk %
Hkkx&I % xzkfQd&la;kstu ¼fizaV cukuk½
(i)
fo"k; ij cy
10
(ii)
fizVa cukus dh lkexzh rFkk rduhd dk iz;ksx
10
(iii)
fizVa rFkk la;kstu dh xq.koÙkk
20
40 vad
Hkkx&II % l=k dk;Z
rhu p;u fd;s x, Nkik&fp=k ¼fizVa l
~ ½ ¼7+7+6 vad] rhu fizVa ksa ds fy,½
20 vad
fVIi.kh % l=k dk;Z dk ewY;kadu Hkh blh izdkj fd;k tk,xkA
2--
iz'uksa dk izk:i %
Hkkx&I % xzkfQd&la;kstu ¼fizaV cukuk½
(i)
fizVa cukus dk ,d ekè;e pquas tks vkids fo|ky; esa miyCèk gks vkSj fl[kk;k x;k gks] ;Fkk lsfjxzkQh]
fyFkksxkz Qh] vEykadu ,oa mRdh.kZu ¼,fpax rFkk ,uxzfs oax½A
(ii)
ekè;e dh laHkkO;rk rFkk mi;qDrrk ds vuqlkj fuEufyf[kr ikap fo"k;ksa esa ls fdlh ,d ij
xzkfQd&la;kstu dk fuekZ.k djsa
fVIi.kh % xz k fQd&la ; ks t u ¼fiz a V cukus ½ ds fy, fdUgha ika p mi;q D r fo"k;ks a dk p;u@fuèkkZ j .k
cká; rFkk vka r fjd ijh{kdks a }kjk la ; q D r :i ls ijke'kZ djds vkS j funs Z ' kkuq l kj ;gka
djuk gS A
xzkfQd&la;kstu izR;{khdj.k ds fy, ekè;e dk iwjh rjg ls mi;ksx djrs gq, js[kk] Vksu rFkk VSDlpj dk iz;ksx
djsAa vius la;kstu dks ,d ;k nks jaxksa esa NkisAa
332
Nkik&fp=k ¼fizVa ½ dh xq.koÙkk rFkk LoPNrk ij fo'ks"k è;ku nhft,A vafre izLrqfr ds :i esa vius lHkh dPps
[kkdksa lfgr ,d tSls nks Nkik&fp=k ¼fizVa l½ izLrqr djsAa
IysV dk vkdkj
3--
(i)
lsfjxzkQh %
30 ls-eh-
×
20 ls-eh-
(ii)
fyFkksxkz Qh %
30 ls-eh-
×
20 ls-eh-
(iii)
vEcykadu ¼,fpax ,oa ,uxzfs oax½ ,oa mRdh.kZu %
30 ls-eh-
×
20 ls-eh-
xzkfQd&la;kstu ¼fizaV cukus½ ds fo"k;&fuèkkZj.k ds fy, vuqns'k %
1-
xzkfQd&la;kstu ¼fizVa cukus½ ds fy, mi;qDr ikap fo"k;ksa dk fuèkkZj.k cká rFkk vkarfjd ijh{kdksa dks la;Dq r
:i ls djuk gSA
2-
izR;sd fo"k; dh jpuk bl izdkj dh tk, fd ijh{kkFkhZ dks fo"k; dk Li"V cksèk gks tk,A rFkkfi dksbZ
Hkh ijh{kkFkhZ fo"k; dks vius n`f"Vdks.k ls ns[k@le> ldrk@ldrh gS fdarq la;kstu esa xzkQh; xq.koÙkk dk
fuokZg vo'; fd;k tkuk pkfg,A
3-
ijh{kd fo"k;ksa dk p;u@fuèkkZj.k djus ds fy, Lora=k gSa fdarq ;s d{kk ckjgoha ds Lrj vkSj fo|ky;@ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa
ds okrkoj.k ds vuqlkj gksus pkfg,A
xzkfQd la;kstu ¼fizVa cukus½ ds fy, fo"k;ksa ds dqN igpku {ks=kksa dk mYys[k uhps fd;k x;k gS buesa
vko';drkuqlkj dqN vU; {ks=kksa dk lekos'k Hkh fd;k tk ldrk gS %
4--
(i)
ifjokj] fe=kksa rFkk nSfud thou ds dk;Z
(ii)
O;olkf;dksa ds dk;Z
(iii)
[ksy&dwn ds dk;Zdyki
(iv)
izÑfr
(v)
dkYifudrk
(vi)
jk"Vªh;] èkkfeZd] lkaLÑfrd rFkk lkekftd ?kVuk,a ,oa lekjksg
(vi)
fopkj&futh] lkekftd] LFkkuh;] izkra h;] jk"Vªh; ;k varjkZ"Vªh;
ijh{kdksa ds fy, vuqns'k %
1-
ijh{kkfFkZ;ks]a dks ijh{kk ds izFke rhu ?kaVs ds ckn ,d ?kaVs dk vodk'k fn;k tk,A
2-
Hkkx I vkSj II ds fy, ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa ds dk;ks± dk ewY;kadu cká rFkk vkarfjd ijh{kdksa }kjk la;qDr :i ls
ijh{kk LFky ij gh fd;k tkuk gSA
3-
Hkkx I rFkk II ds izR;sd dk;Z dk ewY;kadu gks tkus ds mijkar ml ij ^ewY;kafdr* fy[kdj cká rFkk vkarfjd
ijh{kdksa }kjk fofèkor~ gLrk{kj djus gSAa
vè;kidksa ds fy, izLrkfor dqN lanHkZ iqLrdsa ¼izk;ksfxd Hkkx ds fy,½
1-
^n VSDuhd vkWQ xzkfQd vkVZ* ,p-oku] ØqbfgUtsuA
2-
^fizVa esfdax*] gkosZ Msfu;Yt ¼gSeyhe½A
333
3-
^vkVZ esuv
q y QkWj flYd LØhu fizVa esfa dax* gSoh 'kkWDysjA
4-
^fizVa esfa dax Vq Ms* T;wyls gsYyslA
5-
^flYd LØhu VSDuhDl* ts- vkbZ- cht yhlu] MkWoj ifCyds'ku] U;w;kdZA
6-
^bUVªkMs ;~ fw lax LØhu fizfa Vx*] ,UFkksuh fdUts okylu xziq fyy] U;w;kdZA
7-
^fn vkVZ ,.M dk¶V vkWQ LØhu izkls ls fizfa Vx* dkWlykWQ] vkWy n czlw ifCyf'kax da- U;w;kdZA
8-
^izfs DVdy LØhu fizfa Vax] LVhQsla jl LVwfM;ksa foLVk] okylu vkWfIVy U;w;kdZA
9-
^vkfVZLV~l esuv
q y QkWj flYd LØhu fizVa esfdax* gSjh 'ksDysj] vesfjdu vkfVZLV~l xziq ] U;w;kdZA
10- ^fyFkksxkz Qh*] okm UkkLVªko] jhuksYMA
11- ^fyFkksxkz Qh Qkj vkfVZLV~l*] LVSMa ys yksm,l] vkWDlQksMZ ;wfuoflZVh izls A
12- ^fyuksdV~l ,.M oqMdV~l*] ekbdsy jksFksELVhu] LVwfM;ks foLVk] yanuA
13- fjyhQ fizfa Vax] ekbdsy jksFksULVhu] LVwfM;ksa foLVk] yanuA
14- ^,fpax] ,Uxsfz oax ,.M bUVSfXy;ks fizfa Vax*] ,sUFkksuh xzkl
W ] vkWDlQksMZ ;qfuoflZVh izl
s A
15- ^fn vkVZ vkWQ ,fpax*] bZ-,l- lqeknsu] xkmlyscy] yUnuA
334
¼x½ ewfrZdyk ¼dksM la- 051½½
ifjp; %
ofj"B ekè;fed Lrj ij ,d ,sfPNd fo"k; ds :i esa ewfrZdyk ds ikB~;Øe dk mís'; ;g gS fd fla?kq&?kkVh
ds dky ls ysdj orZeku dky rd O;kIr Hkkjr dh le`) lkaLÑfrd fojklr esa lekfgr n`';kRed dyk&vfHkO;fDr;ksa
ds fofHkUu egÙoiw.kZ vkSj tkus&ekus igyqvksa rFkk :iksa ds izdkjksa ¼foèkkvksa½ dh le>&cw> ds }kjk fo|kfFkZ;ksa
ds lkSUn;kZRed cksèk dks fodflr fd;k tk,A bldh ifjfèk esa ewfrZ&f'kYiksa ds fuekZ.k ds fofHkUu izdkj ds iz;ksxkRed
vH;kl Hkh 'kkfey fd;s x, gSa ftlls fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh voyksdu] dYiuk rFkk l`tu dh ekufld 'kfDr;ksa ds
fodkl ds lkFk&lkFk mudh vfHkO;fDr ds fy, vko'd HkkSfrd vkSj rduhdh dkS'kyksa dk Hkh fodkl fd;k
tk ldsA
mís'; %
¼d½ lS)kfUrd ¼Hkkjrh; dyk dk bfrgkl½
fVIi.kh % D;ksfa d ewfrZdyk ¼lS)kfUrd½ dk ikB~;Øe ogh gS tks fp=kdyk ¼lS)kfUrd½ dk gS] vr% blds mís';
Hkh ogh gSAa
¼[k½ iz ; ks f xd
ewfrZdyk esa izk;ksfxd vH;kl 'kkfey djus dk mís'; fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh lgk;rk djuk rFkk mUgsa bl ;ksX;
cukuk gS] ftlls os ewfrZ&f'kYiksa dk fuekZ.k dj ldsaA mudks cukus ds fy, tks dke fn, tk,a] os bl izdkj
ds gksa fd mUgsa piVs rFkk f}&vk;keh èkjkry ij cukus ds lkFk&lkFk ¼LFkku½ ds vk;ru] Hkkj cuh gqbZ txg
esa vkdkjksa vkfn dh leL;kvksa dh le> vk ldsA miyCèk lqfoèkkvksa ds vuqlkj i;kZIr rduhdh dq'kyrk,a
mls miyCèk djkbZ tk,aA
ikB~;Øe dh lajpuk
d{kk 11 ¼lS)kfUrd½
,d lS)kfUrd iz'u i=k
le;% 2 ?kaVs
iw.kk±d 40
bdkbZ ; ka
72 ihfj;M
va d
Hkkjrh; dyk dk bfrgkl
1-
iwoZ ,frgkfld ik"kk.k dyk vFkok flaèkq ?kkVh dh dyk
10
2-
ckS)] tSu rFkk fgan]w dyk
15
3-
eafnj&ewfrZ dyk] dkaL; ewfrZ;ka rFkk Hkkjrh;
15
bLykfed LFkkiR; ds dykRed i{k
dq y
40
fVIi.kh % d{kk 11 ds fy, ewfrZdyk ¼lS)kfUrd½ dk ikB~;Øe ogh gS tks d{kk 11oha fp=kdyk ¼lS)kfUrd½
ds fy, igys gh fn;k tk pqdk gSA
335
d{kk&11 ¼izk;ksfxd½
,d izk;ksfxd iz'u i=k
le; % 6 ?kaVs
(3+3)
iw.kk±d % 60
bdkbZ ; ka
1-
23-
va d
mHkkjnkj ewfrZ&izfr:i.k ¼ekWMfyax bu fjyhQ½] feêh rFkk IykLVj
vkWQ isfjl esa
20
lEiw.kZ ¼xksykdkj½ ewfrZ&izfr:i.k ¼ekWMfyax bu jkm.M½ feêh rFkk
IykLVj vkWQ isfjl esa
20
l=k dk;Z
20
60
dq y
bdkbZ&1 % thou rFkk izÑfr ds fo"k;ksa ij mHkkjnkj ewfrZ&izfr:i.k (fjyhiQ eSa)
60 ihfj;M
bdkbZ&2 % thou rFkk izÑfr ds fo"k;ksa ij lEiw.kZ (xksykdkj) ewfrZ&izfr:i.k
(jkm.M esa)
60 ihfj;M
feêh dk izcUèk@lapkyu rFkk bls iz;ksx esa ykus dh fofHkUu rduhdsa&[kqjpuk] cfÙk;ka cukuk
¼dkW;fyax½ rFkk yisVuk ¼jksfyax½ vkfnA
bdkbZ&3 % l=k dk;Z
48 ihfj;M
ijh{kkFkhZ }kjk ikB~;Øe ds nkSjku fufeZr Ñfr;ksa esa ls p;fur Ñfr;ksa dks] fo|ky; ds izkfèkdkfj;ksa
}kjk ;g izekf.kr djds fd mUgsa fo|ky; esa gh cuk;k x;k gS] ijh{kdksa ds le{k ewY;kadu gsrq izLrqr
fd;k tk,A
fVIi.kh % le;&lkfj.kh bl izdkj cukbZ tk, fd fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks ,d ckj esa de ls de nks ihfj;M
fujarj dk;Z djus dk volj fey ldsA
ikB~;Øe dh lajpuk
d{kk
,d lS)kfUrd iz'u i=k
12
¼lS ) kfUrd½
le; % 2 ?kaVs
iw.kk±d % 40
72 ihfj;M
va d
bdkbZ ; ka
Hkkjrh; dyk dk bfrgkl
1- jktLFkkuh ,oa igkM+h y?kqfp=k 'kSfy;ka
2- eqxy ,oa nfD[kuh y?kqfp=k 'kSfy;ka
3- caxky fp=k'kSyh
4- Hkkjrh; dyk esa vkèkqfud izof` Ùk;ka
10
10
10
10
dqy
336
40
fVIi.kh % d{kk XII ds ewfrZdyk ¼lS)kfUrd½ dk ikB~;Øe ogh gS tks d{kk 12oha ds fp=kdyk ¼lS)kfUrd½ ds
fy, igys gh fn;k tk pqdk gSA
d{kk
,d izk;ksfxd iz'u i=k le; %
12
6 ?kaVs
¼izk;ksfxd½
(3+3)
iw.kk±d % 60
bdkbZ ; ka
1-
va d
mHkkjnkj ewfrZ&izfr:i.k ¼ekWMfyax bu fjyhQ½ feV~Vh rFkk IykLVj
20
vkWQ isfjl esa
2-
3-
lEiw.kZ ¼xksykdkj½ ewfrZ&izfr:i.k ¼ekWMfyax bu jkm.M½ feV~Vh rFkk
IykLVj vkWQ isfjl esa
20
l=k dk;Z
20
dqy
60
bdkbZ&1 % mHkkjnkj ewfrZ&izfr:i.k
60 ihfj;M
bdkbZ&2 % lEiw.kZ ¼xksykdkj½ ewfrZ&izfr:i.k
60 ihfj;M
bdkbZ&3 % l=k dk;Z
48 ihjf;M
ikB~;Øe ds nkSjku ijh{kkFkhZ }kjk fufeZr Ñfr;ksa esa ls p;u dh xbZ pkj Ñfr;ksa dks fo|ky; ds izkfèkdkfj;ksa }kjk
izekf.kr djds fd bUgsa fo|ky; esa gh fufeZr fd;k x;k gS] ewY;kadu ds fy, ijh{kdksa ds le{k izLrqr fd;k tk,A
HkV~Vh esa idkus ds fy, feêh ds [kks[kys la;kstuksa dk iz;ksx
mHkkjnkj ewfrZ&izfr:i.k rFkk lEiw.kZ ¼xksydkj½ ewfrZ&izfr:i.k esa ekuoks]a if{k;ks]a i'kqvksa rFkk ikSèkksa dh ljy
vkÑfr;ka rS;kj djukA
?ku] 'kad]q csyu vkfn T;kferh; vkdkjksa vkSj muds mHkkjnkj&la;kstuksa dh VSDlpj esa vkys[ku vè;;u ds
vH;kl ds :i esa jpuk djukA IykLVj vkWQ isfjl dk iz;ksxA
fVIi.kh % le;&lkfj.kh bl izdkj cukbZ tk, fd fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks ,d ckj esa de ls de nks ihfj;M fujarj dk;Z
djus dk volj fey ldsA
337
izk;ksfxd ewY;kadu ds fy, fn'kkfunsZ'k
1-- vad ;kstuk %
Hkkx&
Hkkx&1 % mHkkjnkj ewfrZ&izfr:i.k
(i)
fo"k; ij cy lfgr ewfrZ&la;kstu
10
(ii)
ekè;e dk iz;ksx
05
(iii)
l`tukRed n`f"Vdks.k rFkk lexz izHkko
20 vad
5
Hkkx&II % lEiw.kZ ¼xksykdkj½ ewfrZ&izfr:i.k
(i)
fo"k; ij cy lfgr ewfrZ&la;kstu
10
(ii)
ekè;e dk iz;ksx
05
(iii)
l`tukRed n`f"Vdks.k rFkk lexz izHkko
20 vad
5
Hkkx&III % l=k dk;Z
ewfrZdy dh fuEufyf[kr pkj Ñfr;ka] ftuesa ls %
¼d½
(i)
,d mHkkjnkj ewfrZ ¼mPp mHkkjnkj½
5
(ii)
,d mHkkjnkj ewfrZ ¼de fuEu½
5
20 vad
10
¼[k½ nks lEiw.kZ ¼xksykdkj½ ewfrZ;ka
fVIi.kh % l=k dk;Z dk ewY;kadu Hkh blh izdkj fd;k tk,xkA
2- iz'uksa dk izk:i
Hkkx&I % mHkkjnkj ewfrZ&izfr:i.k ¼ekWMfyax bu fjyhQ½ %
fuEufyf[kr ikap fo"k;ksa esa ls fdlh ,d ij ,d mHkkjnkj ¼mPp@fuEu½ ewfrZ&f'kYi cukb,A bldk vkdkj
25 ls 30 ls-eh- ¼{kSfrt ;k ÅèokZèkj½ ds Hkhrj gks rFkk eksVkbZ cksMZ ls yxHkx 4 ls-eh- gksuh pkfg,A
fVIi.kh % ^mHkkjnkj ewfrZ&izfr:i.k* ds fy, fdUgha ikap mi;qDr fo"k;ksa dk fuèkkZj.k cká rFkk vkarfjd ijh{kdksa
}kjk la;Dq r :i ls ijke'kZ djds vkSj funs'Z kkuqlkj djuk gS vkSj mudk mYys[k ;gka djuk gSA
Hkkx&II % lEiw.kZ ¼xksykdkj½ ewfrZ&izfr:i.k ¼ekWMfyax bu jkm.M½ %
fuEufyf[kr ikap fo"k;ksa esa ls fdlh ,d ij feV~Vh&ekè;e esa ,d lEiw.kZ ¼xksykdkj½ ewfrZ&f'kYi cuk,aA {kSfrt
;k ÅèokZèkj ÅapkbZ 25 ls 30 ls-eh- ds Hkhrj gksA
fVIi.kh % ^lEiw.kZ ¼xksykdkj½ ewfrZ&izfr:i.k* ds fy, fdUgha ikap mi;qDr fo"k;ksa dk p;u@fuèkkZj.k@funs'Z kkuqlkj
la;Dq r :i ls cká rFkk vkarfjd ijh{kd djsxa ]s vkSj Hkkx&II ds fy, ijh{kk vkjaHk gksus ls Bhd igys
;gka mudk mYys[k djsxa As
3--
mHkkjnkj rFkk lEiw.kZ ¼xksykdkj½ ewfrZ&izfr:i.k ds fo"k;ksa dk fuèkkZj.k djus ds lacaèk esa vuqns'k %
1-
nksuksa ijh{kdksa dks ^mHkkjnkj ewfrZ&izfr:i.k* ds fy, iakp mi;qDr fo"k;ksa dk vkSj ^lEiw.kZ ¼xksykdkj½
338
4--
ewfrZ&izfr:i.k* ds fy, ikap mi;qDr fo"k;ksa dk p;u@fuèkkZj.k djuk gSA ^lEiw.kZ ¼xksykdkj½ ewfrZ&izfr:i.k*
ds fy, fo"k;ksa dh lwpuk ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa dks Hkkx&II dh ijh{kk vkjaHk gksus ls Bhd igys gh nh tk,A
2- izR;sd fo"k; dh jpuk bl izdkj dh tk, fd ijh{kkFkhZ dks fo"k; dk Li"V cksèk gks tk,A rFkkfi dksbZ
Hkh ijh{kkFkhZ fo"k; dks vius n`f"Vdks.k ls ns[k@le> ldrk@ldrh gSA ekuo@i'kq ds :iksa esa fo:i.k
¼fMLVkW'kZu½@yphykiu ykus dh vuqefr nh tk,A
3- mPp ;k fuEu mHkkjnkj ewfrZifz r:i.k dk fodYi ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa ds fy, [kqyk NksM+ fn;k tk,A
4- ijh{kd fo"k;ksa dk fuèkkZj.k djus ds fy, Lora=k gSa fdarq ;s d{kk 12oha ds Lrj vkSj fo|ky;@ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa
ds okrkoj.k ds vuqlkj gksus pkfg,A
mHkkjnkj ewfrZ&izfr:i.k ¼ekWMfyax bu fjyhQ½ ds fy, fo"k;ksa ds dqN igpku {ks=kksa dk mYys[k
uhps fd;k x;k gS] buesa vko';drkuqlkj dqN vU; {ks=kksa dk lekos'k Hkh fd;k tk ldrk gS %
(i) izÑfr vè;;u
(ii) vkys[ku ¼fMtkbu½ izkÑfrd] vyadkfjd] 'kSyhÑr rFkk T;kferh;(
(iii) ifjokj] fe=k rFkk nSfud thou(
(iv) i'kq rFkk i{kh]
(v) [ks y &dw n ds dk;Z d yki]
(vi) èkkfeZd] lkekftd rFkk futh xfrfofèk;ka]
(vii) lka L d` f rd dk;Z d yki]
(viii) fopkj&futh] lkekftd] LFkkuh;] iz k a r h;] jk"Vª h ; rFkk va r jkZ " Vª h ;A
ijh{kdksa ds fy, lkekU; vuqns'k %
1- ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa dks ijh{kk ds igys rhu ?kaVs ds ckn ,d ?kaVs dk vodk'k fn;k tk,A
2- Hkkx&I, II rFkk III ds fy, ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa ds dk;ks± dk ewY;kadu cká rFkk vkarfjd ijh{kdksa }kjk
la;qDr :i ls ijh{kk&LFky ij gh fd;k tkuk gSA
3- Hkkx I, II rFkk III ds izR;sd dk;Z dk ewY;kadu gks tkus ds mijkar ml ij ^ewY;kafdr* fy[k dj
cká rFkk vkarfjd ijh{kdksa }kjk la;qDr :i ls fofèkor~ gLrk{kj djus gSaA
vè;kidksa ds fy, izLrkfor dqN lanHkZ iqLrdsa ¼izk;ksfxd Hkkx ds fy,½
1- ^bafM;u LdYipj* fpUrkef.k dkjA
2- ^,sDlIyksfjax LdYipj*] tkWu ,eMsy] feYl ,.M cwu] yanuA
3- ^n VSDuhd vkWQ LdYipj*] tkWu MCY;w] feYl] ih-Vh0 iSV~lQksMZ fy- yanuA
4- ^LdYipj vkWQ n oYMZ , fgLVWjh 'ksYMsu lhuh;] FksEl ,.M gMlu] yanuA
5- ^QkWeZ ,.M Lisl*] ,MoMZ Fks;j] FksEl ,.M gMlu] yanuA
6- ^LdYipj ,.M vkbfM;kt*] ekbdsy ,Q ,SMª;wtA
7- ^ekWMuZ LdYipj*] thu 'ksYt] ghuesu] yanuA
8- ^fØ,fVo dkfo±x* ¼eSVhfj;y VSDuhDl ,sfizfl,'ku½] MksUl tsM] esbyk[k] izhre ifCyf'kaxA
339
¼?k½ vuqiz;qDr dyk ¼O;kolkf;d dyk½ ¼dksM la- 052
ifjp; %
ofj"B ekè;fed Lrj ij ,d ,sfPNd fo"k; ds :i esa vuqi;z Dq r dyk ¼O;kolkf;d dyk½ ds ikB~;Øe dk
mís'; ;g gS fd flaèkq ?kkVh ds dky ls ysdj orZeku dky rd O;kIr Hkkjr dh le`) lkaLÑfrd fojklr esa lekfgr
n`';kRed dyk vfHkO;fDr;ksa ds fofHkUu egÙoiw.kZ vkSj tkus&ekus igyqvksa rFkk :iksa ds izdkjksa ¼foèkkvks½a dh le>&cw>
}kjk fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds lkSna ;kZRed cksèk dks fodflr fd;k tk,A bldh ifjfèk esa O;kolkf;d dyk ds fofHkUu izdkj
ds iz;ksxkRed vH;kl Hkh 'kkfey fd;s x, gS]a ftlls fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh voyksdu] dYiuk rFkk l`tu dh ekufld
'kfDr;ksa ds fodkl ds lkFk&lkFk mudh vfHkO;fDr ds fy, vko';d HkkSfrd vkSj rduhdh dkS'kyksa dk Hkh fodkl
fd;k tk ldsAa
mís'; %
¼d½ lS)kfUrd ¼Hkkjrh; dyk dk bfrgkl½
fVIi.kh % vuqi;z Dq r dyk ¼O;kolkf;d dyk½ lS)kfUrd dk ikB~;Øe ogh gS tks fp=kdyk ¼lS)kfUrd½ dk gS]
vr% blds mís'; Hkh ogh gSAa
¼[k½ izk;ksfxd
vuqiz;qDr dyk ¼O;kolkf;d dyk½ esa izk;ksfxd vH;kl 'kkfey djus dk mís'; fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh lgk;rk
djuk rFkk mUgsa bl ;ksX; cukuk gS fd os oLrq&fp=k.k] v{kjkadu] [kkdkfp=k] fp=kkadu ¼byLVªs'ku½ rS;kj djus
rFkk iksLVj cukus esa O;kolkf;d {kerk dk fodkl dj ldsa ftlls os vius thou dks mRikndrk ds lkFk tksM+
ldsaA
ikB~;Øe dh lajpuk
d{kk
,d lS)kafrd iz'u i=k
11
¼lS)kfUrd½
le;% 2 ?kaVk
iw.kk±d % 40
bdkb;ka
72 ihfj;M
va d
Hkkjrh; dyk dk bfrgkl
1-
flaèkq ?kkVh dh dyk
10
2-
ckS)] tSu rFkk fganw dyk
15
3-
eafnj ewfrZ dyk] dkaL; ewfrZ;ka rFkk Hkkjrh;&
15
bLykfed LFkkiR; ds dykRed i{k
dq y
40
fVIi.kh % d{kk 11oha ds fy, vuqi;z Dq rk dyk ¼O;kolkf;d dyk½ ¼lS)kfUrd½ dk ikB~;Øe ogh gS tks d{kk
11oha fp=kdyk ¼lS)kfUrd½ ds fy, igys gh fn;k tk pqdk gSA
340
d{kk
,d izk;ksfxd iz'u i=k
11
¼izk;ksfxd½
le; % 6 ?kaVs
(3+3)
iw.kk±d % 60
bdkbZ ; ka
va d
1-
js[kkadu
20
2-
v{kjkadu rFkk [kkdk ¼ysvkmV½ cukuk
20
3-
l=k dk;Z
20
60
dq y
bdkbZ&1 % js[kkadu
60 ihfj;M
fLFkj thou rFkk izÑfr ls js[kkadu ¼ekè;e isfa ly] ,d&jaxh;@cgq&jaxh;½
bdkbZ&2 % ¼d½ v{kjkadu
(i)
jkseu rFkk nsoukxjh fyfi;ksa ds v{kjkadu dk vè;;u
(ii)
dqN Vkbi&QSlksa vkSj muds vkdkjksa dh igpkuA
¼[k½ [kkdk ¼ys&vkmV½ cukuk
eq[; ?kVd ds :i esa v{kjkadu dks ysdj [kkds cukukA
bdkbZ&3 % l=k dk;Z
48 ihfj;M
,d iksVQ
Z ksfy;ksa izLrqr djuk ftlesa fuEufyf[kr jpuk,a 'kkfey gksa %
¼d½ o"kZ ds nkSjku fdlh Hkh ekè;e esa cuk;s x, js[kkaduksa fp=kksa esa ls ikap p;u fd;s
10
js[kkadu ftlesa de ls de rhu ltho oLrqvksa ds gksAa
10
¼[k½ o"kZ ds nkSjku pqus gq, fo"k;ksa ij rS;kj dh xbZ dykÑfr;ksa esa ls nks mRÑ"V Ñfr;kaA
fVIi.kh % le;&lkfj.kh bl izdkj cukbZ tk, fd fo|kFkhZ;ksa dks ,d ckj esa de ls de nks ihfj;M rd fujarj
dk;Z djus dk volj fey ldsA
ikB~;Øe dh lajpuk
d{kk
,d lS)kafrd iz'u i=k
12
¼lS)kfUrd½
le;% 2 ?kaVk
iw.kk±d % 40
bdkbZ ; ka
Hkkjrh; dyk dk bfrgkl
1- jktLFkkuh ,oa igkM+h y?kqfp=k 'kSfy;ka
2- eqxy ,oa nfD[kuh y?kqfp=k 'kSfy;ka
3- caxky fp=k'kSyh rFkk
4- Hkkjrh; dyk esa vkèkqfud izof` Ùk;ka
72 ihfj;M
va d
10
10
10
10
dq y
341
40
fVIi.kh % d{kk 12 ds vuqi;z Dq r dyk ¼O;kolkf;d dyk½ ¼lS)kfUrd½ dk ikB~;Øe ogh gS tks d{kk 12oha ds
isfa Vax ¼lS)kfUrd½ ds fy, igys gh fn;k tk pqdk gSA
d{kk
,d izk;ksfxd iz'u i=k
XII
le;% 6 ?kaVs
(3+3)
iw.kk±d % 60
bdkbZ ; ka
va d
1-
fp=kkadu ¼byLVª's ku½
20
2-
iksLVj
20
3-
l=k dk;Z
20
dq y
60
bdkbZ&1 % fp=kkadu
60 ihfj;M
fn, gq, fo"k;ksa ij vkSj lkekU; fLFkfr;ksa ij fp=kkadu ¼byLVª's ku½ dh rduhdksa dk vè;;u tks thou rFkk
?kj ls ckgj fd;s x, js[kkaduksa ij vkèkkfjr gksAa ;s NikbZ ds fy, mi;qDr fofHkUu ekè;eksa esa rS;kj fd;s x,
gksaA
bdkbZ&2 % iksLVj
60 ihfj;M
fdlh fn, gq, fo"k; ij fofufnZ"V vkadM+k@as tkudkjh rFkk ukjs ¼izpkj&okD;½ ds lkFk nks ;k pkj jaxksa esa
iksLVj cukukA
bdkbZ&3 % l=k dk;Z
48 ihfj;M
,d iksVQ
Z ksfy;ks izLrqr djuk ftlesa fuEufyf[kr jpuk,a 'kkfey gksa %
(i)
fdlh Hkh ekè;e esa fd, x, ikap p;u fd;s x, js[kkadu fp=k ftuesa de ls de nks fp=kkadu ¼byLVª's ku½
gksa 10
20 vad
(ii)
pqus gq, fo"k;ksa ij nks p;u fd;s x, iksLVj
10
fVIi.kh % le;&lkfj.kh bl izdkj cukbZ tk, fd fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks ,d ckj esa de ls de nks ihfj;M rd fujarj
dk;Z djus dk volj fey ldsA
izk;ksfxd ijh{kk ds ewY;kadu ds fy, fn'kkfunsZ'k
1--
vad ;kstuk
Hkkx&I % fp=kkadu ¼byLVªs'ku½
(i)
la;kstu] js[kkadu dh xq.koÙkk lfgr
10
(ii)
fdlh fof'k"V fLFkfr ds lkFk fo"k; ij cy
05
(iii)
vko';d xq.koÙkk rFkk lexz izHkko
5
342
20 vad
Hkkx&II % iksLVj
(i)
[kkdk ¼ys vkmV½ rFkk v{kjkadu
10
(ii)
fo"k; ij cy
05 20 vad
(iii)
mi;qDr jax&;kstuk rFkk lexz izHkko
05
Hkkx&III l=k dk;Z
(i)
fdlh Hkh ekè;e esa ikap p;u fd;s x, js[kkadu] fp=k ftuesa de ls de
10
nks fp=kkadu gksAa
20 vad
(ii)
pqus gq, fo"k;ksa ij nks p;u fd;s x, iksLVj
10
fVIi.kh % l=k dk;Z dk ewY;kadu Hkh blh izdkj fd;k tk,xkA
2--
iz'uksa dk izk:i
Hkkx&I : fp=kka d u ¼byLVª s ' ku½
fof'k"V fLFkfr ds lkFk fuEufyf[kr ikap fo"k;ksa esa ls fdlh ,d ij fdlh Hkh jax&ekè;e
esa ,d 'osr&';ke ¼lQsn&dkyk½ fp=kkadu ¼byLVªs'ku½ dhft,A vkdkj % 30 lseh- × 22 lsehfVIi.kh % ^fp=kkadu* ds fy, fdUgha ikap mi;qDr fo"k;ksa dk p;u@fuèkkZj.k cká rFkk vkarfjd ijh{kdksa
}kjk la;qDr :i ls ijke'kZ djds vkSj funsZ'kkuqlkj djuk gS vkSj mudk mYys[k ;gka
djuk gSA
Hkkx&II : iksLVj
fuEufyf[kr ikap fo"k;ksa esa ls fdlh ,d ij vaxt
sz h@fgUnh Hkk"kk esa fof'k"V vkadM+kas ¼tkudkjh½
rFkk ukjs ds lkFk ,d iksLVj&vkys[ku rhu likV jaxksa esa cukb,A iksLVj ds vkys[ku esa Vkbiksxkz Qh
rFkk fp=kkadu ¼byLVªs'ku½ dk larqfyr iz;ksx fd;k tk,A
iks L Vj&vkys [ ku dk vkdkj % v)Z&bEihfj;y
fVIi.kh % iksLVj&vkys[ku ds fy, mi;qDr ikap fo"k;ksa dk p;u@fuèkkZj.k cká rFkk vkarfjd ijh{kdksa
}kjk la;qDr :i ls feydj funsZ'kkuqlkj fd;k tk, vkSj Hkkx&II dh ijh{kk 'kq: gksus
ls Bhd igys mudk mYys[k ;gka dj fn;k tk,A
3--
¼d½ fp=kkadu ¼byLVªs'ku½ ds fy, fo"k;ksa ds fuèkkZj.k ds fy, vuqns'k
1-
ijh{kdksa dks ikap mi;qDr fo"k;ksa dk p;u@fuèkkZj.k djuk gSA
2-
izR;sd fo"k; ds lkFk ,d fof'k"V fLFkfr nh tk,] tks fd fp=kkadu ¼byLVªs'ku½ dh eq[; fo'ks"krk
gksrh gSA
3-
izR;sd fo"k; dh jpuk bl izdkj dh tk, fd ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa dks fo"k; dk Li"V cksèk gks tk, vkSj
og fn, gq, fo"k; {ks=k ij vkèkkfjr fof'k"V fLFkfr dk fp=kkadu dj ldsA
4-
ijh{kd fo"k;ksa dk fu.kZ; djus ds fy, Lora=k gS]a fdarq os d{kk 12oha ds Lrj vkSj fo|ky;@ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa
343
ds okrkoj.k ds vuq:i gksAa fp=kkadu ds fy, fo"k;ksa ds dqN izLrkfor {ks=k uhps fn, x, gSa vko';drkuqlkj
buesa dqN vU; {ks=kksa dks Hkh 'kkfey fd;k tk ldrk gSA
fof'k"V fLFkfr ds lkFk fo"k; %
(i)
ifjokj] fe=k rFkk nSfud thou
(ii)
O;olkf;d
(iii)
[ksy dwn ds dk;Zdyki
(iv)
izÑfr
(v)
jk"Vªh; ?kVuk,a rFkk lekjksg
(vi)
èkkfeZd ?kVuk,a rFkk R;kSgkj
(vii)
laLÑfr&u`R; ukVd] laxhr rFkk dyk
¼[k½ iksLVj&vkys[ku ds fy, fo"k;ksa dk p;u@fuèkkZj.k djus ds fy, vuqns'k
4-
1-
ijh{kdksa dks iksLVj&vkys[ku ds fy, ikap mi;qDr fo"k;ksa dk p;u@fuèkkZj.k djuk gSA
2-
izR;sd fo"k; ds fy, fof'k"V vkadM+s ¼tkudkjh½ rFkk ,d ukjk@izpkj okD; fn;k tk,A
3-
tkudkjh rFkk ukjs@izpkj okD; dh jpuk bl izdkj dh tk, ftlls ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa dks fo"k; dk Li"V
cksèk gks tk,A
ijh{kd fo"k;ksa dh tkudkjh rFkk ukjk d{kk 12oha ds Lrj vkSj fo|ky;@ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa ds okrkoj.k ds vuq:i
gh nsAa
iksLVj&vkys[ku ds fy, dqN izLrkfor {ks=k uhps fn, x, gS(a buesa dqN vU; {ks=k@fo"k; 'kkfey fd, tk
ldrs gSa %
foKkiu ds fy, fo"k;&{ks=k %
4--
(i)
Hkze.k@i;ZVu
(ii)
lkaLÑfrd dk;Zdyki
(iii)
leqnk; rFkk izÑfr dk fodkl
(iv)
fopkj&lkekftd] jk"Vªh; rFkk varjkZ"Vªh;
(v)
O;kolkf;d oLrq,a
ijh{kdksa ds fy, vuqns'k
1-
ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa dks igys rhu ?kaVs ds ckn ,d ?kaVs dk vodk'k fn;k tk;sA
2-
Hkkx I, II rFkk III ds fy, ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa ds dk;ks± dk ewY;kadu cká rFkk vkarfjd ijh{kdksa }kjk la;qDr :i
ls ijh{kk&LFky ij gh fd;k tk,A
3-
Hkkx I, II rFkk III ds izR;sd dk;Z ds ewY;kadu ds mijkar ml ij ^ewY;kafdr* fy[k fn;k tk, vkSj cká
rFkk vkarfjd ijh{kdksa }kjk fofèkor~ gLrk{kj dj fn, tk,aA
344
vè;kidksa ds fy, izLrkfor dqN lanHkZ iqLrdsa ¼izk;ksfxd Hkkx ds fy,½ %
1-
Vkbiksyksx th-,e- jsx] eqcqa bZ
2-
dykRed fy[kkbZ*] Mh-,-oh-ih- ubZ fnYyhA
3-
^fQaxj isfa Vax bu okVj dyj*] pkYlZ jhMokVlu xqfIVy ifCyds'kuA
4-
^vkWCtsfDVo Mªkbax*] okYVj Vh- QkWLVjA
5-
^áweu fQxj*] okYVj Vh- QkWLVjA
6-
^gSM LVMh*] okYVj Vh- QkWLVjA
7-
^,sfuey LVMh* okYVj Vh- QkWLVjA
8-
^ySMa jdSi* okYVj Vh- QkWLVjA
9-
^,sIykbM vkVZ gSMa cqd*] th-,e- jsx] eqca bZA
fp=kdyk Nkik&fp=kdyk] ewfrZdyk rFkk vuqiz;qDr dyk ds lS)kfUrd Hkkx ds fy, dqN lanHkZ iqLrdsa %
1-
Hkkjr dh fp=kdyk] jk;Ñ".knkl] Hkkjrh HkaMkj] yhMj izl
s ] bykgkckn ¼m-iz-½
2-
uohu Hkkjrh; fp=kdyk f'k{k.k i)fr] izk-s jkepUnz 'kqDy] fdrkc egy ¼izk-½ fy-] bykgkckn] ¼m-iz-
3-
Hkkjrh; fp=kkadu] MkW- jkedqekj fo'odekZ] fc'kuyky HkkxZo ,.M lat] dVjk] bykgkckn ¼m-iz-½
4-
Hkkjrh; fp=kdyk dk bfrgkl] MkW- vfouk'k cgknqj oekZ] izdk'k cqd fMiks] cjsyh] ¼m-iz-½
5-
Hkkjrh; dyk vkSj dykdkj] bZ- dqekfjy Lokeh] izdk'ku foHkkx] lwpuk vkSj izlkj.k ea=kky;] Hkkjr ljdkj]
ubZ fnYyh
6-
Hkkjrh; fp=kdyk dk c`gn bfrgkl] okpLifr xSjksyk] pkS[kEck laLÑr izfr"Bku] caxyks jksM] tokgj uxj]
fnYyh 110 007
7-
:iizn dyk ds ewykèkkj
kèkkj] MkW- f'kodqekj 'kekZ ,oa MkW- jkekorkj vxzoky] ykW;y cqd fMiks] fudV xouZeVas
b.Vj dkfyt] esjB ¼m-iz-½
8-
dyk foykl ¼Hkkjrh; dyk dk fodkl½] MkW-vkj-,- vxzoky] ykW;y cqd fMiks] fudV xouZeVas b.Vj
dkfyt] esjB ¼m-iz-½
9- Hkkjrh; fp=kdyk] MkW-,l-,u- lDlsuk] euksjek izdk'ku] 299] ehjiqj dSVa ] dkuiqj ¼m-iz-½ 208 004A
10- Hkkjrh; fp=kdyk dk fodkl] MkW- fpjathyky >k] y{eh dyk dqVhj] u;kxat] xkft;kckn ¼m-iz-½ 201001
11- dyk ds ewy rRo] MkW- fpjathyky >k] y{eh dyk dqVhj] u;k xat] xkft;kckn ¼m-iz-½ 1010001 12f'kYi dFkk] uan yky olq] lkfgR; Hkou fy- bykgkckn ¼m-iz-½
13- Hkkjr dk ewfrZ f'kYi] MkW- pkYlZ ,y- Qkcjh] jktiky ,aM lUt] d'ehjh xsV] fnYyh 110 006
14- dyk vkSj dye ¼Hkkjrh; fp=kdyk dk vkykspukRed bfrgkl½] MkW- fxjkZt fd'kksj vxzoky] yfyr
dyk izdk'ku] 27&, lkdsr dkyksuh] vyhx<+ ¼m-iz-½ 202001
345
15- Hkkjrh; ewfrZdyk ifjp;] MkW- fxjkZt fd'kksj vxzoky] yfyr dyk izdk'ku] 27&,] lkdsr dkyksuh] vyyhx<+
¼m-iz-½ 202 001
16- vkèkqfud Hkkjrh; fp=kdyk] MkW- fxjkZt fd'kksj vxzoky] yfyr dyk izdk'ku] 27&,] lkdsr dkyksuh] vyhx<+
¼m-iz-½ 202 011
17- Hkkjr dh fp=kdyk dk laf{kIr bfrgkl] MkW- yksd's kpan 'kekZ] xks;y ifCyf'kax gkml] lqHkk"k cktkj] esjB
¼m-iz-½
18- jfo oekZ] ve`rk 'ksjfxy] jkefdadj] gqlsu] gsCcj] ;kfeuh jk;] nsoh izlkn jkepkSèkjh ij fofucUèk
¼y?kq&iqfLrdk,a] eksuksxzkQ½ rFkk ledkyhu Hkkjrh; dyk ¼if=kdk½] yfyr dyk vdknseh] johUnz
Hkou] dkWijfudl ekxZ] ¼fudV eaMh gkml½] ubZ fnYyh&110 001 rFkk y-d-v- ds {ks=kh; dk;kZy;ksa
ij Hkh miyCèk
19- Hkkjrh; dyk] MkW- oklqnso 'kj.k vxzoky] i`Foh izdk'ku] okjk.klh ¼m-iz-½ 221 005
20- Hkkjr dh ledkyhu dyk] izk.kukFk ekxks] us'kuy cqd VªLV bafM;k] ,&xzhu ikdZ] ubZ fnYyh&110016
21- fgUnq L rkuh elojh] MkW- vuhl Qk:dh
22- n gS f jVs t vkW Q ba f M;u vkVZ ] MkW- oklqnso 'kj.k vxzoky
23- LVMht bu bafM;u vkVZ] MkW- oklqnso 'kj.k vxzoky] dk'kh fganw fo'ofo|ky; ifCyds'ku] okjk.klh
¼m-iz-½
24- bafM;u isafVax] ijlh czkmu] okbZ-,e-lh-,- ifCyf'kax gkml] eSlh gky] t;flag jksM] ¼fudV ikfyZ;kesVa
LVªhV½] ubZ fnYyh 110 001
25- fgLVªh vkWQ bafM;u ,.M baMksusf'k;u vkVZ] ,-ds- dqekj Lokeh] MkWoj ifCyds'ku] bUd] U;w;kdZA
26- lkmFk bafM;u czksUtst] lh- f'kojkeewfrZ] yfyrdyk vdkneh] johUnz Hkou] dkWijfuDl ekxZ] ¼fudV
eaMh gkml½] ubZ fnYyh 110 001
27- fMLdofja x ba f M;u LdYipj] , cz h Q fgLVª h ] MkW- pkYlZ ,y- Qkcjh] ,fQfy,fVM bZLV oSLV izSl
izk-fy- lh&57] fMQsUl dkWyksuh] ubZ fnYyh&110 024
28- LVks j h vkW Q ba f M;u vkVZ ] ,l-ds- HkV~Vkpk;Z] vkRekjke ,.M lT] d'ehjh xsV] fnYyh
110 006
29- iSuksjkek vkWQ bafM;u isafVax] izdk'ku foHkkx] lwpuk ,oa izlkj.k ea=kky;] Hkkjr ljdkj] ifV;kyk
gkml] fryd ekxZ] ubZ fnYyh&110 001 ¼ns'k Hkj esa izdk'ku foHkkx ds fcØh dkmaVj ij Hkh miyCèk½A
30- Xyks j h vkW Q ba f M;u fefu,pj] MkW - nythr] efgUnz k ifCyds ' kUl] vkj&5@11] U;w jktuxj]
xkft;kckn ¼m-iz-½ 201 002
31- ba f M;u is a f Va x ] lh- f'kojkeewfrZ] us'kuy cqd VªLV bafM;k] ,&e xzhu ikdZ] ubZ fnYyh&1100 16
32- ba f M;u vkfVZ L V Fkz w fn ,ts t &vkj-ds- pkSiM+k] vkj-ds-lh- ifCyds'kUl
,p&49 j?kq uxj] ia [ kk jks M ] ubZ fnYyh&110045
33- dUVs e ijs j h ba f M;u vkfVZ L V~ l ] xhrk diwj] fodkl ifCyf'kax gkml] fnYyh
34- eksuksxzk¶l vkWu vejukFk lgxy] ve`rk 'ksjfxy] vouhUnz ukFk VSxksj] Mh-ih- jk;pkSèkqjh] èkujkt
346
yfyr dyk dUVsEijsjh ¼if=kdk½] yfyr dyk vdkneh] johUnz Hkou] dksijfuDl ekxZ] ¼fudV eaMh gkml½] ubZ fnYyh&110
001
35- ikB~;Øe esa 'kkfey ledkyhu@vkèkqfud fp=kksa rFkk ewfrZ;ksa ds eksuksxkz Ql] iksVQ
Z ksfy;ks rFkk Nkis jk"Vªh; vkèkqfud
dyk laxgz ky; ¼laLÑfr foHkkx] Hkkjr ljdkj½ t;iqj gkml] ¼fudV bafM;k xsV½ ubZ fnYyh&110003
36- ikB~;Øe esa 'kkfey fp=kksa rFkk ewfrZ;ksa ds eksuksxzkQl] iksVZQksfy;ksa iqLrdsa rFkk Nkis jk"Vªh; laxgz ky;
¼laLÑfr foHkkx tuiFk ubZ fnYyh&110 011
37- daVsEijsjh vkVZ bu bafM;k&, ilZiksfDVo] izk.kukFk ekxks] us'kuy cqd VªLV bafM;k] ,&e xzhu ikdZ] ubZ
fnYyh 10 016
31- laxhr
¼dksM la- 31 ls 36½
bl fo"k; esa ikB~;Øe vyx ls eqfnzr djk;k x;k gSA fuosnu izkIr gksus ij bldh izfr fo|ky;ksa dks nh tk,xhA
32- u`R;
¼dksM la- 56 ls 62½
bl fo"k; esa ikB~;Øe vyx ls eqfnzr djk;k x;k gSA fuosnu izkIr gksus ij bldh izfr fo|ky;ksa dks nh tk,xhA
347