Chapter 1 Marketing Research for Managerial Decision Making
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Chapter 1 Marketing Research for Managerial Decision Making
Chapter 1 Marketing Research for Managerial Decision Making McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Learning Objectives • Describe the impact marketing research has on marketing decision making • Demonstrate how marketing research fits into the marketing planning process • Provide examples of marketing research studies • Understand the scope and focus of the marketing research industry 1-2 Learning Objectives • Recognize ethical issues associated with marketing research • Discuss new skills and emerging trends in marketing research 1-3 The Growing Complexity of Marketing Research • Technology and growth of global business are increasing the complexity of marketing research • New data collection tools, including Twitter, clickstream tracking, and GPS, pose serious questions in regard to consumer privacy • Current variety of available tools and techniques makes choosing a method for a particular research project increasingly challenging 1-4 Marketing Research • Links an organization to its market through the gathering of information 1-5 The Growing Complexity of Marketing Research • Marketing research is a systematic process • Tasks include: – Designing methods for collecting information – Managing the information collection process – Analyzing and interpreting results – Communicating findings to decision makers 1-6 The Role and Value of Marketing Research • Marketing research draws heavily on the social sciences both for methods and theory • Marketing research methods: – Are diverse – Span a wide variety of qualitative and quantitative techniques – Borrow from disciplines such as psychology, sociology, and anthropology 1-7 The Role and Value of Marketing Research • Marketing research can be applied to a wide variety of problems involving the four Ps: – Price – Place – Promotion – Product 1-8 Marketing Research and Marketing Mix Variables • Product - Product decisions are varied and include: – New product development and introduction – Branding – Positioning products • Perceptual mapping: Used to picture the relative position of products on two or more product dimensions important to consumer purchase decisions 1-9 Marketing Research and Marketing Mix Variables • Place/Distribution - Decisions include choosing and evaluating: – Locations – Channels – Distribution partners • Retailing research: Focus on trade area analysis, store image/perception, in-store traffic patterns, and location analysis 1-10 Marketing Research and Marketing Mix Variables • Behavioral targeting: Displays ads at one website based on the user’s previous surfing behavior • Shopper marketing: Marketing to consumers based on research of the entire process consumers go through when making a purchase 1-11 Marketing Research and Marketing Mix Variables • Promotion - Important influences on any company’s sales – Essential that companies know how to obtain good returns from their promotional budgets • Most common research tasks in integrated marketing communications: – Advertising effectiveness studies – Attitudinal research – Sales tracking 1-12 Marketing Research and Marketing Mix Variables • Price - Pricing decisions involve: – Pricing new products – Establishing price levels in test marketing – Modifying prices for existing products 1-13 Marketing Research and Marketing Mix Variables • Marketing research provides answers: – How large is the demand potential within the target market at various price levels? • What are the sales forecasts at various price levels? – How sensitive is demand to changes in price levels? – Are there identifiable segments that have different price sensitivities? – Are there opportunities to offer different price lines for different target markets? 1-14 Consumers and Markets – Segmentation Studies • Major focuses of a marketing research project: – Creating customer profiles – Understanding behavioral characteristics 1-15 Consumers and Markets – Segmentation Studies • Benefit and lifestyle studies: Examine similarities and differences in consumers’ needs – Researchers use these studies to identify two or more segments within the market for a particular company’s products • Marketers use ethnographic research – To study consumer behavior as activities embedded in a cultural context and laden with identity – Requires extended observation of consumers in context 1-16 Marketing Theory • Important to many businesses – Can be useful in thinking business problems and opportunities 1-17 Types of Marketing Research Firms • Internal or external • Custom or standardized • Brokers or facilitators 1-18 Types of Marketing Research Firms Internal • Organizational units that reside within a company • Benefits: – Research method consistency – Shared information across the company – Lower research costs – Ability to produce actionable research results External • Perform all aspects of the research • Benefits: – Objective suppliers – Less subject to company politics and regulations – Specialized talent for the same cost – Greater flexibility in scheduling studies and specific project requirements 1-19 Types of Marketing Research Firms • Customized research firms: Provide tailored services for clients • Standardized research firms: Provide general results following a standard format so that results of a study conducted for one client can be compared to norms – Syndicated business services: Services provided by standardized research firms that include data made or developed from a common data pool or database 1-20 Changing Skills for a Changing Industry • As marketing research firms expand, requirements for successfully executing marketing research projects will change • Top five skills: – Ability to understand and interpret secondary data – Presentation skills – Foreign-language competency – Negotiation skills – Computer proficiency 1-21 Ethics in Marketing Research Practices • Major sources of ethical issues are the interactions among the three key groups: – Research information providers – Research information users – Respondents 1-22 Exhibit 1.1 - Ethical Challenges in Marketing Research 1-23 Ethical Questions in General Business Practices • Potential ethical pitfalls for research providers: – Unethical pricing – Unnecessary or unwarranted research services – Client confidentiality issues – Use of “black-box” methodologies • Branded “black-box” methodologies: Offered by research firms that are branded – Do not provide information about how the methodology works 1-24 Conducting Research Not Meeting Professional Standards • Reasons: – Fearful of losing the business entirely – Client pressure to perform research to prove a predetermined conclusion – Cost cutting – Interviewers working for research firms may also engage in unethical behavior • Curbstoning: Data collection personnel filling out surveys for fake respondents 1-25 Abuse of Respondents • Potential ways to abuse respondents in marketing research: – By not providing promised incentive to respondents for completing interviews or questionnaires – By stating that interviews are very short when in reality they may last an hour or more – By using “fake” sponsors 1-26 Abuse of Respondents • At the end of any study involving deception, subjects must be “debriefed” to explain deception – Subject debriefing: Fully explaining to respondents any deception that was used during research 1-27 Abuse of Respondents • Sugging/frugging: Claiming that a survey is for research purposes and then asking for a sale or donation • De-anonymizing data: Combining different publicly available information, usually unethically, to determine consumers’ identities, especially on the Internet 1-28 Unethical Activities of the Client/Research User • Requesting detailed research proposals from several competing research providers with no intention of actually selecting a firm to conduct the research • Promising a prospective research provider a long-term relationship or additional projects in order to obtain a very low price on the initial research project • Overstating results of a marketing research project 1-29 Unethical Activities by the Respondent • Providing dishonest answers – Faking behavior 1-30 Marketing Research Codes of Ethics • Marketing Research Society summarizes the central principles in ESOMAR’s code as follows: – Conform to all national and international laws – Behave ethically – Be particularly careful with children and other vulnerable groups – Ensure respondents are cooperating voluntarily and are well informed of risks 1-31 Marketing Research Codes of Ethics – Respect rights of respondents – Protect personal data and use only for intended purpose – Conduct projects with accuracy, transparency, objectivity, and quality – Conform to principles of fair competition 1-32 Emerging Trends • Increased emphasis on secondary data collection methods • Movement toward technology-related data management • Expanded use of digital technology for information acquisition and retrieval • Broader international client base • Movement beyond data analysis toward a data interpretation/information management environment 1-33 Marketing Research in Action: Continuing Case: The Santa Fe Grill • What kind of information about products, services and customers should the owners of Santa Fe Grill consider collecting? • Is a research project actually needed? – Is the best approach a survey of customers? – Should employees also be surveyed? – Why or why not? 1-34