2013 Health and Health-Related Behaviors St. Cloud State University Students

2013
College Student Health Survey Report
Health and Health-Related Behaviors
St. Cloud State University Students
Boynton Health Service
Boynton Health Service
2013
College Student Health Survey Report
Health and Health-Related Behaviors
St. Cloud State University Students
Introduction
iii
Survey v
Methodologyv
Analysis Summary
vi
Results
1
Health Insurance and Health Care Utilization
1
Mental Health
7
Tobacco Use
13
Alcohol Use and Other Drug Use
19
Personal Safety and Financial Health
27
Nutrition and Physical Activity
33
Sexual Health
39
Implications
43
Appendices 45
Appendix 1
Colleges and Universities Participating in the 2013 College Student Health Survey
45
Appendix 2
St. Cloud State University Students Survey Demographics Based on Student Response
46
Glossary
47
References
49
ii
Health and Health-Related Behaviors St. Cloud State University Students
Introduction
Q: What do the following health
conditions and health-related
behaviors have in common?
• Health Insurance Status
• Depression
• Ability to Manage Stress
• Tobacco Use
• Alcohol Use
• Engagement in Physical Activity
• Credit Card Debt
A: They all affect the health and
academic achievement of
college students.
Across the state of Minnesota, 29 two-year and four-year postsecondary schools joined together with
Boynton Health Service at the University of Minnesota in spring 2013 to collect information from
undergraduate and graduate students about their experiences and behaviors in the areas of health
insurance and health care utilization, mental health, tobacco use, alcohol and other drug use, personal
safety and financial health, nutrition and physical activity, and sexual health. Of the 44,688 students who
received a survey, 13,589 students completed the survey, for an overall response rate of 30.4%.
This report highlights the findings of this comprehensive survey and serves as an essential first step in
identifying health and health-related behavior issues affecting college students. Boynton Health Service
hopes that the information contained in this report will be helpful to college and university leaders as
they strive to develop programs and policies that will assure a safe institutional environment, promote
access to health care and essential services, encourage responsible student decision making and behavior,
and contribute to the health, well-being, and academic success of students enrolled in their schools.
The survey results are also intended to raise awareness among state and local policymakers and
community leaders concerning the importance of the health of college students to the overall
educational, health, and economic status of Minnesota.
Introduction
iii
iv
Health and Health-Related Behaviors St. Cloud State University Students
Survey
Methodology
Undergraduate and graduate students enrolled in 29 postsecondary institutions in Minnesota completed the 2013 College Student
Health Survey, developed by Boynton Health Service. As an incentive, all students who responded to the survey were entered into
a drawing for gift certificates valued at $1,000 (one), $500 (one), and $250 (one) at a variety of stores. In addition, all students who
responded to the survey were entered into six separate drawings for an iPad mini™ and one drawing for a $100 Amazon gift card
that included just students from their school.
Randomly selected students were contacted through multiple
mailings and e-mails:
St. Cloud State University
Methodology Highlights
• Invitation postcard
• Invitation e-mail
• 2,700 students from St. Cloud State
University were randomly selected to
participate in this survey.
• Reminder postcard and multiple reminder e-mails
A total of 44,688 undergraduate and graduate students from 29 colleges
and universities in Minnesota were invited to participate in the 2013
College Student Health Survey (see Appendix 1 for a list of participating
• 531 students completed the survey.
• 19.7% of the students responded.
schools). Of the 44,688 students who received a survey, 13,589 students
completed the survey, for an overall response rate of 30.4%.
Y, students!
E
H
Take a
SWELL SURVEY
in
For a chance to w
NEAT PRIZES!
YOU
have been selected by
your school to participate in the
2013 COLLEGE STUDENT HEALTH SURVEY.
Boynton Health Service
University of Minnesota
410 Church Street S.E.
Minneapolis, MN 55455
NON-PROFIT ORG.
U.S. POSTAGE
PAID
TWIN CITIES, MN
PERMIT #90155
Complete the survey and be entered into
prize drawings for Amazon gift cards in the amount of
$1,000, $500, $250, and $100.
Plus, every week, between February 18 and
March 29, 2013, students who complete the survey will
have a chance to win one of six IPAD MINIS.
The sooner you fill out your survey,
THE MORE CHANCES YOU HAVE TO WIN!
Go to www.bhs.umn.edu/healthsurvey
and enter your username and password. Survey
must be completed by noon, March 29, 2013.
Katherine Lust, Ph.D., Survey Administrator
boynton health service
[email protected], 612-624-6214
Technical Concerns? [email protected]
2013 College Student Health Survey
2013 College Student Health Survey Postcard
Survey
v
Survey
Analysis Summary
The information presented in this report documents the prevalence of various diseases, health
conditions, and health-related behaviors across seven areas:
• Health Insurance and Health Care Utilization
• Mental Health
• Tobacco Use
• Alcohol and Other Drug Use
• Personal Safety and Financial Health
• Nutrition and Physical Activity
• Sexual Health
The prevalence of a disease, health condition, or health-related behavior is defined as the total number
of occurrences in a population (in this case, college students) at a given time, or the total number of
occurrences in the population divided by the number of individuals in that population.
Prevalence is useful because it is a measure of the commonality of a disease, health condition, or
health-related behavior. For example, the College Student Health Survey asked students if they had
ever been diagnosed with depression within their lifetime. For the purpose of illustration, if 100
students completed the survey and 10 of them reported they had been diagnosed with depression
within their lifetime, then the lifetime prevalence of depression among this population of students is
10.0% (10/100).
The results from this survey are based on a random sample of students from each of the participating
colleges and universities. Random sampling is a technique in which a group of subjects (in this case,
the sample of college students) is selected for study from a larger group (in this case, the population of
students enrolled at each of the participating institutions). Each individual is chosen entirely by chance,
and each member of the population has an equal chance of being included in the sample. Random
sampling ensures that the sample chosen is representative of the population and that the statistical
conclusions (in this case, the prevalence) will be valid.
vi
Health and Health-Related Behaviors St. Cloud State University Students
Results
Health Insurance
and Health Care Utilization
Students’ current health influences their ability to realize their immediate goal of achieving academic
success and graduating, and their future health affects their ability to accomplish their longer term goal
of finding and sustaining a career. Access to health care has been shown to improve health. Although
Results
institutions of higher education differ in scope of services, each institution has a unique opportunity and
bears a certain responsibility to address issues related to student health and to reduce barriers to health
care access.
Health Insurance and Health Care Utilization
National Comparison
This section examines the areas of health insurance, health services utilization, and preventive care.
Recent research indicates that most young adults in the United States, ages 18 to 24, report good
health. The majority of young adults in Minnesota (87.9%) and nationwide (82.9%) report excellent,
very good, or good health (CDC, 2011). At the same time, young adults have relatively low rates of
health insurance and preventive care utilization. In Minnesota, 77.6% of 18- to 24-year-olds report some
kind of health care insurance, and nationwide the number is 75.2% (CDC, 2011). More young males
(32.3%) than young females (23.9%) lack health insurance coverage (Ward et al, 2013). Among all age
groups, young adults (70.8%) are least likely to identify a usual place for medical care (Ward et al, 2013).
1
Health Insurance Status—Uninsured
All Students
Students attending St. Cloud State University
(St. Cloud State) report an overall uninsured rate
Health
Health Insurance
Insurance Status—Uninsured
Status—Uninsured
All
Students
All60
Students
of 10.7%. Males have a higher uninsured rate than
50
60
60
PercentPercent
Percent
females (13.8% vs. 9.0%, respectively).
51.1
40
50
50
51.1
51.1
30
40
40
20
30
30
10
20
20
0
10
10
13.8
10.7
9.0
11.7
8.7
9.5
13.8
13.8 Females* UnderAll
NonInterMales*
11.7
11.7 Graduate/
10.7
9.5
10.7
9.0
9.5 national
8.7
9.0 graduate*
8.7 Degree
Students*
Profes00
sional* Seeking*
All
InterFemales*
All not Males*
NonInterMales* international
Females* UnderUnder- Graduate/
Graduate/ Non*Does
include
students.
Students*
graduate*
Students*
Degree national
national
graduate* ProfesProfes- Degree
Seeking*
sional*
sional* Seeking*
Results
*Does
*Doesnot
notinclude
includeinternational
internationalstudents.
students.
Health Insurance Status—Uninsured
All Students by Age Group
Health Insurance and Health Care Utilization
St. Cloud State University students ages 25–29
report the highest uninsured rate. The lowest
Health
Health Insurance
Insurance Status—Uninsured
Status—Uninsured
All
All Students
Students by
by Age
Age Group
Group
25
uninsured rate is among St. Cloud State students
PercentPercent
Percent
ages 18–19.
23.4
25
20
25
10
5
10
00
19.6
19.6
13.5
15
10
15
055
19.6
23.4
23.4
20
15
20
6.8
6.8
6.8
11.5
13.5
13.5
11.5
11.5
18–19
20–24
25–29
30–39
40+
18–19
18–19
20–24
20–24
Age Group
25–29
25–29
Age
Age Group
Group
30–39
30–39
40+
40+
More than one-fourth (27.9%) of St. Cloud State
Spouse and Dependent Health Care Coverage
University students report having a spouse, and
Spouse
Spouse and
and Dependent
Dependent Health
Health Care
Care Coverage
Coverage
15.5% of these students report that their spouse
All Students
All
All Students
Students Marital Status and Health Care Coverage
is uninsured.
Marital
Marital Status
Status and
and Health
Health Care
Care Coverage
Coverage
Approximately one-seventh (14.1%) of St. Cloud
State students report having dependent children.
Of these dependent children, 10.7% lack health
72.1%
insurance.
72.1%
72.1%
27.9%
15.5% of
spouses are uninsured
27.9%
27.9%
15.5%
of
15.5% of
spouses
spouses are
are uninsured
uninsured
Have Spouse
Have No Spouse
Have
Have Spouse
Spouse
Have
No
Have
No
Spouse
Dependent Children and Health Care CoverageSpouse
Dependent
Dependent Children
Children and
and Health
Health Care
Care Coverage
Coverage
14.1%
10.7% of
dependent children
are uninsured
14.1%
14.1%
10.7%
10.7% of
of
dependent
dependent children
children
are
uninsured
are uninsured
85.9%
85.9%
85.9%
2
Health and Health-Related Behaviors St. Cloud State University Students
Have Children
Have No Children
Have
Have Children
Children
Have
No
Have No Children
Children
Health Insurance and Number of Sick Days—
Past 30 Days
Number of sick days is a measure of health-related
quality of life. Sick days reflect a personal sense
All Students
of poor or impaired physical or mental health or
the inability to react to factors in the physical and
social environments (USDHHS, 2000).
3.5
3
2.5
2
St. Cloud State students without health insurance
report on average 1.0 more sick day in the past
1
30 days than St. Cloud State students with health
insurance.
Uninsured
All
Students
(Includes
Onlyby
Those
Students Who Report
St. Cloud StateHealth
students
without
health
insurance
Care
Service
Location
Percent
Percent
20
20
15
15
16.2
16.2
Diagnosed With
Mental
Health Condition
Diagnosed
With
Mental Health Condition
17.8
17.8
14.1
14.1
10
10
8.5
8.5
5
5
0
0
Insured
Insured
Uninsured
Uninsured
Insured
Insured
Uninsured
Uninsured
conditions and a lower rate of diagnosed mental
Question asked:
health conditions
compared
to St. the
Cloud
State health care services
Where
doasked:
you obtain
following
Question
while indoschool?
Where
you obtain the following health care services
students with health
insurance.
while in school?
Health Care Service
(Percent
of Students
Health
Care
Service
Who Obtained
Service)
(Percent
of Students
Who Obtained Service)
Routine Doctor’s Visit
(87.8) Doctor’s Visit
Routine
Preventive Health Care—Past 12 Months
All Students byHealth
Gender Care—Past 12 Months
Preventive
All Students by Gender
16.1 0.2 12.2 49.8 4.9
16.1 0.2 12.2 49.8 4.9
2.9 0.4 3.1 36.7 3.8
2.9 0.4 3.1 36.7 3.8
11.9 16.3 8.1 31.9 4.4
11.9 16.3 8.1 31.9 4.4
(37.3)
18.2
18.2
Testing for Sexually
Transmitted
Infections
Testing
for Sexually
(37.3)
Transmitted
Infections
0
0
40.2
40.2
Medical
Exam*
Medical
Exam*
60.3
60.3
33.8
27.1 33.8
27.1
Dental Exam
and Cleaning
Dental
Exam
and Cleaning
Males
Males
Cholesterol
Check
Cholesterol
Check
Females
Females
Service Counseling
Student
attending the university.Service
Blood Pressure
BloodCheck
Pressure
Check
*Includes medical exam and/or gynecological exam for females.
*Includes medical exam and/or gynecological exam for females.
Routine Medical Examination—Past 12 Months
All StudentsMedical
by GenderExamination—Past
and Insurance Status
Routine
12 Months
80
Clinic
Community
Clinic
HMO
HMO
Priva
Prac
Priva
Practi
All Students by Insurance Status
80
80
60
60
40
40
20
20
All Students by Gender and Insurance Status
51.8 2.9
51.8 2.9
54.6 1.8
54.6 1.8
13.8 1.2
13.8 1.2
Vaccination Status
All Students by Insurance
Vaccination
Status Status
60.2
60.2
63.4
63.4
45.3
45.3
20
20
67.1
57.8 67.1
57.8
7.6 56.6 3.0
7.6 56.6 3.0
Health Service
and cleanings at higherSchool
rates than
male studentsHospital
Student
Counseling
Community
52.0
52.0
54.5
54.5
40.0
40.0
40
40
66.1
66.1
75.8
75.8
1.0
1.0
20.1 1.4 7.9
(26.2)
20.1 1.4 7.9
Testing for HIV
(30.7) for HIV
17.8 1.2 12.3
Testing
(30.7)
17.8University
1.2 12.3
Female students
attending
St. Cloud State
Emergency
Care
(79.3)
5.5
0.5 81.7
Emergency
Care
report obtaining routine medical exams, cholesterol
(79.3)
5.5 0.5 81.7
checks, blood pressure checks,
and dental
School Health
ServiceexamsHospital
Percent
Percent
Percent
Percent
80
80
Percent Who Report Obtaining S
Percent Who Report Obtaining Se
(87.8)
Dental Care
(84.7)Care
Dental
(84.7)
Mental Health Service
(30.1) Health Service
Mental
(30.1)
Treatment for Sexually
Transmitted
Treatment
forInfections
Sexually
(26.2)
Transmitted
Infections
60
60
Health Insurance and Health Care Utilization
Obtaining
Service inOnly
the Past
12Students
Months) Who Report
All
Studentsa (Includes
Those
report a higherObtaining
rate of diagnosed
a Service inchronic
the Past 12 Months)
All Students
Diagnosed With
Chronic
Condition
Diagnosed
With
Chronic Condition
Results
Health Care Service by Location
Health Insurance and Health Status
All Students
Health
Insurance and Health Status
36.3
36.3
Insured
34.9
34.9
38.1
38.1
18.7
18.7
0
46.1
46.1
48.0
48.0
36.0
36.0
Average Number of Sick Days
4
0
Results
3
0 Hepatitis A Hepatitis B Meningitis Influenza—
HP
Com
Past
12
HP
Hepatitis A Hepatitis B Meningitis Influenza—
Ser
Months
Com
Past
12
Vac
Ser
Months
use and Dependent Health Care Coverage
udents
Marital Status and Health Care Coverage
Routine Medical Examination—Past 12 Months
Health insurance coverage appears to have an
All Students by Gender and Insurance Status
impact on whether St. Cloud State students
15.5% of
27.9%
areexaminations
uninsured
obtained routinespouses
medical
within
80
the past 12 months. Uninsured male and female
72.1%
students report lower rates of obtaining a routine
Have No Spouse
Percent
medical examination than insured students.
Dependent Children and Health Care Coverage
14.1%
10.7% of
dependent children
are uninsured
85.9%
34.7
21.6
All Students*
Males
Results
Females*
Uninsured
*Includes medical exam and/or gynecological exam for females.
Have Children
Health Insurance and Health Care Utilization
Have No Children
Health Care Service by Location
Among St. Cloud State University students, the
All Students (Includes Only Those Students Who Report
Obtaining a Service in the Past 12 Months)
primary location for obtaining many health care
tudents
Chronic Condition
Mental Health Condition
Question asked:
Where do you obtain the following health care services
while in school?
17.8
16.2
Health Care Service
(Percent of Students
Who Obtained Service)
3.5
14.1
Percent Who Report Obtaining Service
Routine Doctor’s Visit
2.5
(87.8)
8.5
16.1
Dental Care
Mental Health Service
Insured
Uninsured
Insured
(30.1)
Insured
Uninsured
Uninsured
Testing for Sexually
Transmitted Infections
(37.3)
Treatment for Sexually
Transmitted Infections
(26.2)
Testing for HIV
(30.7)
entive Health Care—Past 12 Months
dents by Gender
Emergency Care
(79.3)
66.1
75.8
67.1
60.3
57.8
40.2
27.1
0.2 12.2 49.8
4.9
22.7
0.4
3.1 36.7
3.8
53.6
11.9 16.3
8.1 31.9
4.4
30.0
18.2
1.0
7.6 56.6
3.0
15.7
20.1
1.4
7.9 51.8
2.9
15.1
17.8
1.2 12.3 54.6
1.8
14.7
5.5
0.5 81.7 13.8
1.2
4.5
2.9
(84.7)
1
School Health Service
Hospital
HMO
Student Counseling
Service
Community
Clinic
Private
Practice
33.8
Vaccination Status
All Students by Insurance Status
Blood Pressure
Check
80
tine Medical Examination—Past 12 Months
20
0
16.0
Health and Health-Related Behaviors St. Cloud State University Students
36.3
39.9
4
40
18.7
Percent
60
34.9
38.1
*Includes medical exam and/or gynecological exam for females.
46.1
48.0
36.0
Females
45.3
Males
Cholesterol
Check
60.2
63.4
Dental Exam
and Cleaning
40.0
Medical
Exam*
52.0
54.5
0
47.4
44.6
0
alth Insurance services
and Number
Days— clinics.
appearsoftoSick
be community
st 30 Days
Diagnosed With
Diagnosed With
2
40
Insured
dents
3
60.6
20
th Insurance and Health Status
4
69.5
60
Have Spouse
All
Students
Chronic
Condition
All Students by Insurance Status
Allergies
36.7
8.0
Chronic Condition
Percent Who Report Being Diagn
Asthma
13.0
2.1
Problems
1.0
St. Cloud StateAlcohol
students
with health insurance 3.0
Cancer
1.7
0.4
Allergies
36.7
8.0
obtain hepatitisDiabetes
A, hepatitis
Type IB, meningitis, influenza,
0.8
0.2
Asthma
13.0
2.1
and human papillomavirus
vaccinations at0.8
Diabetes Type(HPV)
II
0.2
Cancer
1.7
0.4
Drug
Problems
higher rates than
students
at the university without
Diabetes
TypeAlcohol)
I
0.8
0.2
(Other Than
1.7
0.2
Vaccination
Status
80
All Students by Insurance Status
16.0
36.3
39.9
36.3
39.9
18.7
34.9
38.1
34.9
38.1
45.3
45.3
60.2
63.4
40.0
60.2
63.4
52.0
54.5
0
46.1
46.1
48.0
48.0
36.0
36.0
20
40.0
20
40
52.0
54.5
Percent
Percent
40
60
18.7
Uninsured
health insurance.
Additionally,
Diabetes
Type II among St. Cloud0.8
Genital
Herpes
1.7
0.2
0.2
1.7
1.9
1.7
0.6
0.2
0.8
0.2
0.0
Genital
Warts/
Hepatitis
C
0.2
Human Papillomavirus
1.9
Currently, these
immunizations
are
not
required
High Blood Pressure
4.0
Hepatitis B
0.6
for students enrolled
in postsecondary institutions.
High Cholesterol
5.6
Hepatitis C
0.2
HIV/AIDS
Hepatitis B immunization,
however, is required for
0.4
High Blood Pressure
4.0
6.0
Obesityin Minnesota.
high school students
High Cholesterol
5.6
Repetitive Stress Injury
3.0
HIV/AIDS
0.4
Tuberculosis
0.8
6.0
Obesity
At Least One of the
Repetitive
StressConditions
Injury
3.0
Above Chronic
49.7
Tuberculosis
0.8
0.0
0.8
1.6
0.0
2.7
0.0
0.2
1.6
2.3
2.7
0.6
0.2
0.4
2.3
0.6
16.7
0.4
State students,Drug
14.6%
of males and 49.2% of
Problems
Genital
Warts/
(Other
Than
Alcohol)
Human
Papillomavirus
females report obtaining HPV vaccination.
Genital
Herpes
Hepatitis
B
Average Number of Days Affected by Illness
All Students by Gender
Poor Physical Health
Poor Mental Health
Illness
Poor Physical and/or
Poor
Physical
Health
Mental
Health
Affected
Daily
Activities
Poor Mental Health
Poor Physical and/or
Mental Health
Affected Daily Activities
16.7
Compared to male studentsWithin
at St.Lifetime
Cloud State Within Past 12 Months
University, female students at the university report
more days of poor physical health, more days of poor
Average Number of Days Affected by Illness
All Students by Gender
Illness
Within Past 12 Months
49.7
Health Insurance and Health Care Utilization
Within Lifetime
At Least One of the
Above Chronic Conditions
Results
Insured
16.0
HPV—
Complete
Series of
Vaccines
0
HPV—
Hepatitis A Hepatitis B Meningitis Influenza—
Complete
Past 12
All Students
Insured MonthsUninsured
Series of
Vaccines
Hepatitis A Hepatitis B Meningitis Influenza—
Past 12
Months
All Students
1.0
3.0
Alcohol Problems
Vaccination Status
60
80
Percent Who Report Being Diag
Average Number of Days Affected—
Past 30 Days
3.1
3.8
Average
Number
of
Days
Affected—
4.6
5.8
mental health, and more days when poor physical
and/or mental health affected daily activities.
Past 30 Days
3.1
2.2
4.6
Males
3.8
2.9
5.8
Females
2.2
Males
2.9
Females
Acute Condition Diagnosis—
Lifetime and Past 12 Months
St. Cloud State students were asked to report if they
have been diagnosed with selected acute illnesses
All Students
within the past 12 months and within their lifetime.
Acute Condition
Percent Who Report Being Diagnosed
Urinary Tract Infection
2.6
0.4
0.4
1.7
10.9
0.9
39.2
0.2
22.8
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
1.4
0.0
4.6
0.0
7.4
At Least One of the
Above Acute Conditions
51.7
12.8
Chlamydia
Gonorrhea
Hepatitis A
Lyme Disease
Mononucleosis
Pubic Lice
Strep Throat
Syphilis
Within Lifetime
Within Past 12 Months
The acute condition diagnosed most frequently
within students’ lifetimes was strep throat, with
39.2% of St. Cloud State students reporting having
this diagnosis. The acute condition diagnosed most
frequently within the past 12 months was a urinary
tract infection, with 7.4% of students reporting
having each of these diagnoses. Overall, 51.7% of
St. Cloud State students report being diagnosed
with at least one acute condition within their
lifetime, and 12.8% report being diagnosed with
at least one acute condition within the past
12 months.
Results
Chronic Condition Diagnosis—
Lifetime and Past 12 Months
5
rgency Care
.3)
5.5
School Health Service
0.5 81.7 13.8
1.2
4.5
HMO
Hospital
Private
Student Counseling
Community
Service
Clinic are ongoingPractice
Chronic conditions
health concerns for
students. Surveillance of these conditions provides
Chronic Condition Diagnosis—
Lifetime and Past 12 Months
All Students
a picture of longer term health care needs for
students at St. Cloud State.
Chronic Condition
cination Status
two most common chronic conditions
udents by InsuranceThe
Status
Asthma
Cancer
Nearly one-half (49.7%) of students report being
Diabetes Type I
diagnosed with at least one chronic condition within
Diabetes Type II
60.2
63.4
report being diagnosed with at least one chronic
Genital Herpes
condition within the past 12 months.
Genital Warts/
Human Papillomavirus
16.0
Results
18.7
34.9
38.1
36.3
39.9
Drug Problems
(Other Than Alcohol)
46.1
48.0
36.0
their lifetime, and approximately one-sixth (16.7%)
45.3
40.0
52.0
54.5
Allergies
(36.7% lifetime) and asthma (13.0% lifetime).
HPV—
Complete
Series of
Vaccines
Health Insurance and Health Care Utilization
Alcohol Problems
diagnosed in St. Cloud State students are allergies
Hepatitis A Hepatitis B Meningitis Influenza—
Past 12
Months
All Students
Insured
Uninsured
Percent Who Report Being Diagnosed
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis C
High Blood Pressure
High Cholesterol
HIV/AIDS
Obesity
Repetitive Stress Injury
Tuberculosis
At Least One of the
Above Chronic Conditions
Within Lifetime
age Number of Days Affected by Illness
dents by Gender
Average Number of Days Affected—
Past 30 Days
hysical Health
ental Health
hysical and/or
Health
d Daily Activities
Males
6
3.1
4.6
3.8
5.8
2.2
2.9
Females
Health and Health-Related Behaviors St. Cloud State University Students
3.0
36.7
13.0
1.7
0.8
0.8
1.0
8.0
2.1
0.4
0.2
0.2
1.7
1.7
0.2
0.2
1.9
0.6
0.2
4.0
5.6
0.4
6.0
3.0
0.8
0.8
0.0
0.0
1.6
2.7
0.2
2.3
0.6
0.4
49.7
16.7
Within Past 12 Months
Results
Mental Health
Mental health issues can have a profound impact on students’ ability to engage fully in the
opportunities presented to them while in college. These issues affect their physical, emotional,
and cognitive well-being and can lead to poor academic performance, lower graduation rates, and
poor interpersonal relationships.
There is increasing diversity among college students. Among undergraduates nationwide, 37.5% are
minorities, 56.8% are female, and 32.8% are age 25 or older (Snyder & Dillow, 2012). In addition,
approximately 690,923 foreign students are studying at U.S. colleges and universities (Snyder & Dillow,
2012). This diversity presents a myriad of counseling concerns related to multicultural and gender
Results
issues, life transition, stress, career and developmental needs, violence, interpersonal relationships,
and serious emotional and psychological problems. This array of mental health problems represents
ever-increasing challenges as postsecondary institutions strive to meet the needs of their students.
Mental Health
National Comparison
This section examines areas related to the mental and emotional status of college and university
students. Recent research shows that young adults in the United States have relatively high rates of
mental health problems compared to other age groups. Among all age groups, 18- to 25-year-olds
have the highest past-year prevalence of any mental illness, i.e., a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or
emotional disorder of sufficient duration to meet diagnostic criteria specified within the Diagnostic
and Statistic Manual of Mental Disorders-IV, (29.8%); and serious mental illness, i.e., mental illness that
results in functional impairment, (7.6%), major depressive episode (8.3%), and having serious thoughts
of suicide (6.6%) (SAMHSA, 2012a). More than one in 10 (11.4%) young adults between the ages of
18 and 25 have received treatment for a mental health problem in the previous year (SAMHSA, 2012a).
7
For St. Cloud State University students, anxiety and
depression are the two most frequently reported
mental health diagnoses for both within their
lifetime and the past 12 months.
Mental Health Condition Diagnosis—
Lifetime and Past 12 Months
Mental
Health Condition Diagnosis—
All Students
Lifetime and Past 12 Months
All Students
Percent Who Report
Being Diagnosed
Percent Who Report
1.5
0.0
Being Diagnosed
Mental Health Condition
AnorexiaHealth Condition
Mental
Anxiety
Anorexia
Attention Deficit Disorder
Anxiety
Bipolar Disorder
Attention
Deficit Disorder
BulimiaDisorder
Bipolar
Depression
Bulimia
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Depression
Panic Attacks
Obsessive-Compulsive
Disorder
Post-Traumatic
Panic
Attacks Stress Disorder
Seasonal Affective
Disorder
Post-Traumatic
Stress
Disorder
Social Phobia/
Seasonal
Affective
Disorder
Performance
Anxiety
Social Phobia/
Performance Anxiety
Within Lifetime
9.1
0.0
1.4
9.1
0.0
1.4
0.4
0.0
6.8
0.4
0.8
6.8
2.1
0.8
1.2
2.1
1.2
1.2
3.2
3.8
1.2
1.6
Within 3.8
Past 12 Months 1.6
Within Past 12 Months
Mental Health
Results
Within Lifetime
19.6
1.5
5.1
19.6
1.7
5.1
1.3
1.7
20.0
1.3
2.4
20.0
7.2
2.4
2.4
7.2
3.2
2.4
Among St. Cloud State University students, 31.2%
report being diagnosed with at least one mental
health condition within their lifetime, and 13.0%
Any Mental Health Condition Diagnosis—
Lifetime and Past 12 Months
Any
Mental
Health Condition Diagnosis—
All Students
by Gender
Lifetime and Past 12 Months
All Students by Gender
40
40
30
health condition within the past 12 months.
Females report being diagnosed with a mental
health condition within their lifetime and within the
past 12 months at higher rates than males.
Percent
Percent
report being diagnosed with at least one mental
30
20
31.2
Additional analysis shows that 20.6% of students
report being diagnosed with two or more mental
0
health conditions within their lifetime.
35.3
24.1
24.1
20
10
10
0
35.3
31.2
13.0
13.0
Within Lifetime
WithinAll
Lifetime
Students
All Students
14.6
9.9
14.6
9.9
Within Past 12 Months
Within PastFemales
12 Months
Males
Males
Females
Mental Health Stressors
All Students
Mental Health Stressors
All Students
Stressor
Getting
StressorMarried
Failing
Class
GettingaMarried
SeriousaPhysical
Failing
Class Illness of Someone Close to You
Death
of
Someone
Close
You
Serious Physical
Illness
of to
Someone
Close to You
8
Being Diagnosed
a Serious
Death
of SomeoneWith
Close
to You Physical Illness
Being Diagnosed
Diagnosed With
With aa Serious
Serious Physical
Mental Illness
Being
Illness
Health and Health-Related Behaviors St. Cloud State University Divorce
Students
or Separation From Your Spouse
Being Diagnosed With a Serious Mental Illness
Termination
of Personal
Relationship
Divorce
or Separation
From
Your Spouse
(Not Including
Marriage)
Termination of Personal Relationship
Percent
Who Report
Experiencing
Percent
Within
Past
Who
Report
12 Months
Experiencing
Within Past
2.8
12 Months
10.5
2.8
15.6
10.5
19.2
15.6
2.4
19.2
5.5
2.4
6.8
5.5
6.8
13.7
Stress and Mental Health,
Acute,
and Chronic
Condition
The most commonly
experienced
stressors
among Diagnosis
Mental Health Stressors
All Students
All Students
St. Cloud State University students are death or
Percent
Who Report
Experiencing
Within Past
12 Months
Stressor
2.8
10.5
15.6
19.2
2.4
5.5
6.8
Getting Married
Failing a Class
Serious Physical Illness of Someone Close to You
Death of Someone Close to You
Being Diagnosed With a Serious Physical Illness
Being Diagnosed With a Serious Mental Illness
Divorce or Separation From Your Spouse
Termination of Personal Relationship
(Not Including Marriage)
Excessive Credit Card Debt
Excessive Debt Other Than Credit Card
Being Fired or Laid Off From a Job
Roommate/Housemate Conflict
Parental Conflict
Issues Related to Sexual Orientation
Bankruptcy
Zero of the Above Stressors
One or Two of the Above Stressors
Three or More of the Above Stressors
Managed Stress (Index ≤1)
Unmanaged Stress (Ind
Depression Diagnosis—
Lifetime and Past 12 Months
All Students by Gender
25
24.6
20
20.0
15
12.6
10
5
6.8
0
Within Lifetime
Mental Health Stressors and Risky Behavior
Males
Females
Lifetime and Past 12 Months
number of stressors
within
All experienced
Students by Age
Groupthe past
12 months and various types of risk-taking behavior.
30
tend to have higher rates of current tobacco
use, high-risk drinking, current marijuana use,
26.9
35.3
students who experienced three or more stressors
20
18.6
19.3
Two or Fewer Stressors
High Credit
Card Debt–
Balance
$3,000+
Any
Gambling–
Past 12
Months
0
All Students
In an attempt to measure effectiveness in managing stress, students
20–24
25–29
Age Group
Within Lifetime
Three or More Stressors
Ability to Manage Stress—Past 12 Months
18–19
4.1
7.7
Current
High-Risk
Current
Marijuana
Tobacco Use– Drinking–5+
Use–
Any Use Drinks per Sitting
Past 30 Days Past 2 Weeks Past 30 Days
4.9
10
14.8
students who experienced two or fewer stressors.
9.0
8.0
16.8
high credit card debt, and gambling compared to
8.0
13.3
20
29.1
28.6
30
39.1
40
40 period, St. Cloud State
Over the same 12-month
25.5
52.9
50
Percent
60
Percent
7
An association appears
to exist between
reported
Depression
Diagnosis—
All Students
0
5.7
Within Past 12 Mon
All Students
10
3
0.8
Mental Health
Lack of Health Care Coverage
16
24
17
16
2
3
11.4
13.6
Anxiety
experiencing three
or more stressors over that same 5.7
Depression
3.0
time period.
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
0.3
Panic Attacks
1.6
Chronic Condition
within the past Any
12 months,
and 40.5% report
Results
Being Arrested
students reportAny
experiencing
one or two stressors
Acute Condition
Percent
Being Put on Academic Probation
Percent Who Repo
Being Diagnosed
roommate/housemate
Within the Past 12 Mo
Conditionconflict. A total of 22.6% of
Social Phobia/
Performance Anxiety
13.7
1.7
6.0
9.4
10.7
0.6
4.0
16.8
11.5
11.9
2.6
0.9
36.9
22.6
40.5
Attempted Suicide
serious illness of someone close to them and
30–39
Within Past 12 Mo
Currently Taking Medication for Depression
All Students by Gender
Results
9
10
3.8
mance Anxiety
Within Lifetime
1.6
Within Past 12 Months
than one-fourth
(28.1%) of St. Cloud State
Mental
Condition
Diagnosis—
Mental Health
HealthMore
Condition
Diagnosis—
time
Months
time and
and Past
Past 12
12
Months
students report they are unable to manage their
dents by
udents
byGender
Gender
stress level. Additional analysis shows that among
students,
16.7% also report they were
Mental Healththese
Condition
Diagnosis—
time and Past 12
Months
diagnosed with depression within the past
udents by Gender
31.2
31.2
24.1
24.1
31.2
24.1
35.3
35.3
12 months. Nearly three-fourths (71.9%) of
Within Lifetime
71.9%
71.9%
28.1%
71.9%
Within
WithinPast
Past12
12Months
Months
13.0
Males
Males
Managed
ManagedStress
Stress(Index
(Index≤1)
≤1)
Unmanaged
UnmanagedStress
Stress(Index
(Index>1)
>1)
Managed Stress (Index ≤1)
Unmanaged Stress (Index >1)
14.6
Females
Females
9.9
Within Past 12 Months
Males
Females
An association appears to exist between
tal
unmanaged stress levels and higher rates of
tal Health
Health Stressors
Stressors
Stress
Stress and
and Mental
Mental Health,
Health,
Acute,
Acute, and
and Chronic
Chronic Condition
Condition Diagnosis
Diagnosis
All
AllStudents
Students
diagnosis for acute conditions as well as various
mental health conditions. For example, 17.4%
Percent
Percent
tal Health Stressors
of St. Cloud State students
with
unmanaged
Who
Report
Who
Report
Experiencing
Experiencing
stress levels report being Within
diagnosed
WithinPast
Past with anxiety
12
12Months
Months
within the past year compared to only 5.7% of
2.8
2.8
Percent
students with managed stress
levels reporting the
Who
Report
aaClass
10.5
Class
10.5
Experiencing
same
diagnosis.
Within
15.6
15.6Past
sPhysical
PhysicalIllness
Illnessof
ofSomeone
SomeoneClose
Closeto
toYou
You
or
12 Months
19.2
of
19.2
ofSomeone
SomeoneClose
Closeto
toYou
You
2.8
g Married
2.4
Diagnosed
2.4
DiagnosedWith
WithaaSerious
SeriousPhysical
PhysicalIllness
Illness
a Class
10.5
5.5
Diagnosed
5.5
DiagnosedWith
WithaaSerious
SeriousMental
MentalIllness
Illness
15.6
s Physical Illness of Someone Close to You
6.8
eeor
6.8
orSeparation
SeparationFrom
FromYour
YourSpouse
Spouse
19.2
of Someone Close to You
gMarried
Married
ation of
nation
ofPersonal
PersonalRelationship
Relationship
Diagnosed
With a Serious Physical Illness
cluding Marriage)
ncluding
Marriage)
Diagnosed
With a Serious Mental Illness
ted Suicide
pted
Suicide
2.4
13.7
13.7
5.5
1.7
1.7
6.8
6.0
6.0
eutoron
Separation
Your Spouse
Academic
Probation
Put
on
AcademicFrom
Probation
ation
of
Personal
Relationship
9.4
ve
9.4
iveCredit
CreditCard
CardDebt
Debt
13.7
cluding Marriage)
10.7
ve
10.7
iveDebt
DebtOther
OtherThan
ThanCredit
CreditCard
Card
1.7
pted Suicide
Among St. Cloud State students,
0.6
Arrested
0.620.0% report
Arrested
6.0
Put on Academic Probation
being
4.0
ired or
aaJob
4.0 within their
Fired
orLaid
LaidOff
OffFrom
From
Jobdiagnosed with depression
9.4
ive Credit Card Debt
16.8
mate/Housemate
lifetime, and 6.8% report being
16.8diagnosed with
mate/HousemateConflict
Conflict
10.7
ive Debt Other Than Credit Card
11.5
alalConflict
Conflict
depression within the past 1211.5
months. Females
0.6
Arrested
Health
Care
Coverage
11.9
f Health Care Coverage
11.9
report
being
diagnosed
with
depression
at higher
4.0
Fired or Laid Off From a Job
2.6
Related
2.6
Relatedto
toSexual
SexualOrientation
Orientation
16.8
mate/Housemate Conflict
rates than males.
0.9
ptcy
0.9
uptcy
11.5
al Conflict
36.9
the
Above
Stressors
36.9
f the Above Stressors
f Health Care Coverage
11.9
22.6
22.6
rTwo
Twoof
ofthe
theAbove
AboveStressors
Stressors
2.6
Related to Sexual Orientation
40.5
or
40.5
orMore
Moreof
ofthe
theAbove
AboveStressors
Stressors
0.9
uptcy
f the Above Stressors
Two of the Above Stressors
or More of the Above Stressors
36.9
22.6
40.5
Stress and Mental Health,
Percent
PercentWho
WhoReport
Report
Being
BeingDiagnosed
Diagnosed
Acute, and Chronic Condition Diagnosis
Condition
Condition
All
Students
Within
Withinthe
thePast
Past12
12Months
Months
Any
AnyAcute
AcuteCondition
Condition
16.7
11.4
16.7
11.4
13.6
24.1
13.6
24.1
Percent Who Report
Being Diagnosed
17.4
5.7
17.4
5.7
Within the Past 12 Months
16.7
3.0
16.7
3.0
16.7
11.4
0.3
2.1
0.3
2.1
13.6
24.1
1.6
3.5
1.6
3.5
17.4
5.7
16.7
3.0
3.5
0.8
3.5
0.8
0.3
2.1
Unmanaged
Unmanaged
Stress(Index
(Index
>1)
1.6 Stress
3.5 >1)
Any
AnyChronic
ChronicCondition
Condition
Anxiety
Anxiety
Condition
Depression
Depression
Any Acute Condition
Obsessive-Compulsive
Obsessive-CompulsiveDisorder
Disorder
Any Chronic Condition
Panic
PanicAttacks
Attacks
Anxiety
Social
SocialPhobia/
Phobia/
Depression
Performance
PerformanceAnxiety
Anxiety
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Managed Stress
(Index ≤1)
Panic Managed
Attacks Stress (Index ≤1)
Social Phobia/
Performance Anxiety
3.5
0.8
Managed Stress (Index ≤1)
Unmanaged Stress (Index >1)
Depression
Depression Diagnosis—
Diagnosis—
Lifetime
Lifetime and
and Past
Past 12
12 Months
Months
All
AllStudents
Studentsby
byGender
Gender
25
25
Depression
Diagnosis—
24.6
Lifetime and Past 12 24.6
Months
All20
Students by Gender
20
Percent
Percent
Mental Health
In an attempt to measure effectiveness in managing stress, students
were asked to rate their stress level and their ability to manage
stress, each on a scale of 1 to 10. The reported stress level is then
divided by the reported ability to manage stress. Any result greater
than 1 means a student28.1%
is not effectively managing his or her stress.
28.1%
15
15
25
Percent
Results
All Students
or
or
In
to
effectiveness
stress,
Inan
anattempt
attempt
tomeasure
measureStress—Past
effectivenessin
inmanaging
managing
stress,students
students
Ability
to Manage
12
Months
were
asked
were
askedto
torate
ratetheir
theirstress
stresslevel
leveland
andtheir
theirability
abilityto
tomanage
manage
All
Students
stress,
stress,each
eachon
onaascale
scaleof
of11to
to10.
10.The
Thereported
reportedstress
stresslevel
levelisisthen
then
divided
dividedby
bythe
thereported
reportedability
abilityto
tomanage
managestress.
stress.Any
Anyresult
resultgreater
greater
than
than11means
meansaastudent
studentisisnot
noteffectively
effectivelymanaging
managinghis
hisor
orher
herstress.
stress.
to manage their level of stress. Only 3.0% of
35.3
these students report they were
diagnosed with
14.6
14.6
13.0
13.0
depression within the past
9.9
9.912 months.
All
AllStudents
Students
dents
All
AllStudents
Students
St. Cloud State students report they are able
Within
WithinLifetime
Lifetime
dents
dents
Ability
Ability to
to Manage
Manage Stress—Past
Stress—Past 12
12 Months
Months
55
15
10
10
20
00
10
5
0
10 Health and Health-Related Behaviors St. Cloud State University Students
20.0
20.0
12.6
12.6
24.6
20.0
6.8
6.8
12.6
Within
WithinLifetime
Lifetime
All
AllStudents
Students
Within Lifetime
All Students
5.7
5.7
7.5
7.5
Within
WithinPast
Past12
12Months
Months
Males
Males
6.8
Females
Females7.5
5.7
Within Past 12 Months
Males
Females
Number of Days of Adequate Sleep—
Past Seven Days
Depression Diagnosis—
Lifetime and Past 12 Months
All Students
All Students by Age Group
Number of Days of Adequate Sleep—
Past Seven
Days
Number
of Days
of
17.7%
50.0% of stud
St. Cloud State University
students
age
40Adequate
and older Sleep—
19.7%
All Students
Past
Seven Days
get adequate s
Depression
Diagnosis—
40
Lifetime and
Past 12 Months
Depression
Diagnosis—
All Students
by Age
Group
Lifetime
and
Past
12 Months
8.3
8.3
9.4
9.4
6.5
6.5
All Students
Males
Females
All Students
All Students
Males
Males
Females
Females
All Students by Gender
12
Currently
Taking Medication for
Mental Health
Other
Currently
TakingProblems
Medication
for Than Depression
All Students
by Gender
Mental
Health
Problems Other Than Depression
10.3
9
All Students
by Gender
Percent
Percent
Percent
11.4
11.4
4–5 Days per We
2–3 Days per Week
6–7 Days per We
0–1 Day per Week
0–1
per
Week
2–3Day
Days
per
Week
2–3 Days per Week
4–5 Days per W
4–5
6–7Days
Daysper
perWe
W
6–7 Days per We
Adequate Sleep and Stress
All Students
Adequate Sleep and Stress
Overall, 8.3% of St.All
Cloud
State students report
Students
Adequate
Sleep and Stress
80
Percent
Who
Report
They
Percent
Who Report They
Percent
Who
Report
They
Manage
Their
Stress
Level
Manage
Their Stress Level
Manage
Their
Stress
Level
Percent
Percent
Percent
6.5
Currently Taking Medication for
Mental Health Problems Other Than Depression
0
0
get adequate s
3 or fewer days a
Students
they currently are All
taking
medication for depression.
100
Females report a higher
60 rate of medication use for
65.2
100
depression than males, which correlates with the
80
51.4
40
higher depression diagnosis
rates found in females
80
60
compared to males. 20
60
40
0
40
20
20
0
0
51.4
51.4
0–1
0–1
0–1
65.2
65.2
80.0
80.0
80.0
2–3
4–5
Days per Week
2–3
4–5
2–3Days per Week
4–5
Days per Week
Female St. Cloud State students report a higher
rate of medication use for mental health problems
other than depression compared to male students.
Overall, 9.1% of students report taking medication
for a mental health problem other than depression.
9.1
7.1
9.1
9.1
10.3
10.3
7.1
7.1
All Students
Males
Females
All Students
All Students
Males
Males
Females
Females
Eating Disorder Diagnosis—Lifetime
All Students by Gender
Results
11
Mental Health
All Students by 8.3
Gender
3
3
50.0% of stud
get adequate
50.0%
ofdays
stud
3 or fewer
Results
Currently Taking Medication for Depression
All Students Taking
by Gender
Currently
Medication for Depression 9.4
8
6
60
3 or fewer days a
100
10
9
93
32.3%
30.3%
32.3% 0–1 Day30.3%
per Week
40+
25–29
30–39
40+
Age
Group
25–29
30–39
Age Group
Within Past 12 Months
Within Lifetime
Within Past 12 Months
Within Lifetime
20–24
20–24
All Students by Gender
12
126
11.4
4.1
30.4
30.4
26.9
Within Past 12 Months
Currently Taking Medication for Depression
10
6
10
48
8
26
6
04
4
2
2
0
0
depression within their lifetime and within the past
32.3%
30.3%
17.7%
19.7%
12 months.
17.7%
19.7%
40+
30–39
4.14.1
Within Lifetime
26.9
26.9
7.7
25.5
25.5
25.5
4.9
14.8
9.0
18–19
18–19
25–29
Age Group
7.77.7
0
0
14.8
14.8
4.94.9
10
10
20–24
18–19
9.09.0
20
200
18.6
30
30
10
18.6
18.6
Percent
Percent
Percent
40
40
20
All Students
report the highest rates
of being diagnosed with
30.4
All 30
Students by Age Group
obia/
nce Anxiety
3.5
0.8
aged Stress (Index ≤1)
Unmanaged Stress (Index >1)
and 3.0% of females report being diagnosed with
Eating Disorder Diagnosis—Lifetime
All Students by Gender
anorexia and/or bulimia within their lifetime.
3.0
sion Diagnosis—
e and Past 12 Months
3.0
Among St. Cloud State students, 1.0% of males
6.8
Within Lifetime
5.7
Anorexia
7.5
1.5
1.0
0.0
1.0
0.5
12.6
1.3
0.5
1.0
20.0
2.1
1.5
1.5
Percent
24.6
2.0
2.3
2.5
ts by Gender
Bulimia
Anorexia and/or
Bulimia
All Students
Males
Within Past 12 Months
All Students
Males
Females
Number of Days of Adequate Sleep—
Past Seven Days
ion Diagnosis—In response to a question that asked St. Cloud State
and Past 12 Months
students how many of the past seven days they got
Number of Days of Adequate Sleep—
Past Seven Days
Results
sion Diagnosis—
e and Past 12 Months
ts by Age Group
17.7%
30.4
17.7%
32.3%
25.5
26.9
25.5
26.9
students report they received adequate sleep three
30.4
appears to have an impact on students’ ability to
managefor
their
stress level. Only 51.4% of St. Cloud
y Taking Medication
Depression
State students who report receiving zero to one day
9.4 also report the ability
per week of adequate sleep
to manage their stress, whereas 91.5% of students
9.4
6.5 six to seven days
who report
per week of adequate
sleep also report the ability to manage their stress.
6.5
All Students
All Students
4–5 Days per Week
2–3 Days per Week
6–7 Days per Week
4–5 Days per Week
2–3 Days per Week
6–7 Days per Week
Males
Females
Adequate Sleep and Stress
All Students
Adequate Sleep and Stress
All100
Students
Percent Who
Report
Percent
WhoThey
Report They
Manage Manage
Their Stress
Level
Their
Stress Level
Receiving adequate sleep in the past seven days
8.3
50.0% of students
get adequate sleep
3 or fewer days a week
0–1 Day per Week
40+
y Taking Medication for Depression
8.3
19.7%
30.3%
Within Past 12 Months
Within Lifetime
s by Gender
50.0% of students
get adequate sleep
3 or fewer days a week
0–1 Day per Week
40+
20–24
Past 12 Months
Within
Lifetime 25–29Within 30–39
Age Group
s by Gender
19.7%
30.3%
11.4
4.1
30–39
32.3%
11.4
25–29
Age Group
4.1
7.7
20–24
7.7
4.9
14.8
4.9
or fewer days over the previous seven days.
14.8
8–19
All Students
in the morning, approximately one-half (50.0%) of
9.0
18–19
All Students
enough sleep so they felt rested when they woke up
Mental Health
9.0
18.6
ts by Age Group
Females
80.0
60
80
65.2
40
60
51.4
20
40
51.4
0
20
0
Males
91.5
80
100
Females
12 Health and Health-Related Behaviors St. Cloud State University Students
91.5
80.0
65.2
0–1
2–3
4–5
Days per Week
6–7
0–1
2–3
4–5
Days per Week
6–7
Results
Tobacco Use
Young adults transitioning between high school and college find themselves in an environment with
increased opportunities to make personal and lifestyle decisions without supervision or input from their
parents. Coupling this newfound freedom with growing academic pressure and an expanding social
network can lead to experimentation and risky behaviors such as smoking. Preventing smoking among
young adults is critical to reducing long-term use of tobacco products and the subsequent negative
health consequences.
National Comparison
Recent research shows that approximately one-third of 18- to 20-year-olds (31.6%) and 21- to 25-yearolds (34.7%) report current cigarette use (SAMHSA, 2012b). Approximately one in four (25.8%) full-time
college students smoked cigarettes at least one time in the previous year; fewer than one in six (15.2%)
smoked cigarettes at least one time in the previous 30 days; and fewer than one in 10 (7.3%) smoke
Results
cigarettes daily (Johnston et al, 2012). Among young adults ages 18–25, 5.4% used smokeless tobacco
in the previous month (SAMHSA, 2012b). Current cigarette smokers are more likely to use other tobacco
products, alcohol, or illicit drugs than nonsmokers (SAMHSA, 2012b). Among all current smokers, 45.3%
Tobacco Use
have stopped smoking for at least one day in the preceding 12 months (CDC, 2009). Of the 15 million
college students in the United States, an estimated 1.7 million will die prematurely due to smokingrelated illnesses (Halperin, 2002). Clearly the current level of tobacco use among college students
poses a major health risk.
13
The current tobacco-use rate for students at
St. Cloud State University is 16.8%, with a daily
Current and Daily Tobacco Use
All Students by Gender
Current and Daily Tobacco Use
Current
Daily Tobacco Use
All
Studentsand
by Gender
All Students by Gender
25
tobacco-use rate of 5.6%. Males report higher
25
25
20
rates of current tobacco use and daily tobacco use
Definition:
Current Tobacco Use
20
20
15
Percent
Percent
Percent
rates compared to females.
15
15
10
22.6
22.6
22.6
16.8
16.8
16.8
13.3
13.3
13.3
10
10
5
5
05
Any tobacco use in the past 30 days.
Tobacco use includes both smoking
and smokeless tobacco.
5.6
5.6
5.6
Current
0
0
Current
All Students
Current
All Students
All Students
St. Cloud State students ages 20–21 report the
highest current tobacco use rate.
Percent
Percent
Percent
Results
Tobacco Use
State University students age 24 and older report
21.3
21.3
21.3
20
20
15
15
15
10
10
10
5
0
0
Approximately one in fourteen (7.7%) St. Cloud
Daily
Females
Daily
Females
Females
All Students by Age Group
25
5
05
among St. Cloud State students age 24 and older.
Males
Males
Daily
Current Tobacco Use
All Students by Age Group
Current Tobacco Use
Current
Use
All
StudentsTobacco
by Age Group
25
25
20
The highest daily tobacco-use rate is found
Males
4.2
4.2
4.2
8.0
8.0
8.0
12.5
12.5
12.5
11.7
11.7
11.7
18–19
18–19
18–19
20–21
22–23
20–21Age Group 22–23
20–21
22–23
Age Group
Age Group
18.6
18.6
18.6
24+
24+
24+
Daily Tobacco Use
All Students by Age Group
Daily Tobacco Use
Daily
Tobacco
All
Students
by Age Use
Group
All Students by Age Group
8
8
8
6
Percent
Percent
Percent
using tobacco daily.
6
6
4
4
4
2
2
2
0
0
0
14 Health and Health-Related Behaviors St. Cloud State University Students
7.7
7.7
7.7
4.9
4.9
4.9
18–19
18–19
18–19
4.1
4.1
4.1
3.8
3.8
3.8
20–21
22–23
20–21Age Group 22–23
20–21
22–23
Age Group
Age Group
24+
24+
24+
0
Weekend
Weekday
Current Smokers
Current Smokeless Tobacco Use
Overall, 9.5% of male St. Cloud State students
All Students by Gender
report using smokeless tobacco during the past
30 days.
10
9.5
8
Percent
Daily Smok
Tobacco-Use Location
6
Current Smokers
4
4.3
1.2
2
Percent Who Indic
at Specified Loc
Location
5.1
*
Residence Halls
1.3
Fraternity/Sorority
*
Bars/Restaurants
60.8
In a Car
16.5
Where I Live
Smoke-Free
Campus Policy Support
19.0
Private
Parties
All Students
*
Worksite
Among students at St. Cloud State who report
Smoke-Free
Campus Policy Support
21.5
Parking Ramp/Garage
using smoking tobacco
in the past 30 days,
All Students
Question
10.1
Other asked:
In my opinion,
my campus
should
implement a smoke-free pol
50.6% do not consider
themselves
to be
smokers.
On Campus
20
40
Attempted
1–99
= Range of
0
20
to Quit
Quit Attempts
Have Not Attempted
toAttempted
Quit
to Quit
Do Not Consider
Themselves
Consider Smokers
Themselves Smokers
Disagree to
Strongly Disagree
0
Have Not Attempted
to Quit
Do Not Consider
Themselves Smokers
Number of Cigarettes Smoked
Neutral
All Students
Disagree to
Strongly Disagree
Nonsmokers
Neutral
All Students
79.7
75.2
75.2
60
10.6
of Quit Attempts
Consider
Themselves Smokers
12-month period.
10.6
1–99 = Range of
Quit Attempts
7.2 = Average
Number
average of 7.2 quit
40 attempts during that same
Nonsmokers
Tobacco Use
of Quit Attempts
80
the past 12 months. These students made an
5.2
7.2 = Average Number
made at least one60attempt to quit smoking over
5.2
66.7%
Results
49.4%
50.6%
66.7%
5.9
33.3%
prohibiting smoking both indoors and outdoors.
Outside
80
Question
asked:
In*Location
my opinion,
my
campus
should implement a smoke-free po
do consider themselves
tonotbeincluded
smokers,
66.7%
in question.
prohibiting smoking both indoors and outdoors.
Among St. Cloud State University students Inside
who
5.9
33.3%
49.4%
50.6%
42.6
Current Smokers
42.6
Quit Attempts—Past 12 Months
15.1
Current Smokers
15.1
Quit Attempts—Past 12 Months
18.9
Females
Males
18.9
All Students
Percent Percent
0
Agree
Strongly A
Current Sm
Agree
Strongly
Current S
For St. Cloud State students who report smoking
Current Smokers
over the pastSecondhand
30 days, the percentage
of those
Smoke Exposure
All Students
Number of Cigarettes Smoked
who say they smoke half a pack of cigarettes
Current Smokers
7.7%
23.1%
66.7%
23.1%
66.7%
Weekday
31.6%
7.7%
.2%
10.2% 10
or more per day
increases from
33.3%
on a
Secondhand
Smoke
Exposure
31.6%
All Students
Location
60.7%
60.7%
Weekend Day
Less Than 0.5 Pack per Day
Weekday 0.5–1 Pack per Day Weekend Day
More Than 1 Pack per Day
Less Than 0.5 Pack per Day
0.5–1 Pack per Day
More Than 1 Pack per Day
Percent Who Indicate Exposure
weekday to 39.3% on a weekend day.
On Campus
Residence Halls
Location
Fraternity/Sorority
On Campus
Bars/Restaurants
Residence Halls
In a Car
Fraternity/Sorority
Where I Live
Bars/Restaurants
Private Parties
In a Car
Worksite
Where I Live
Parking Ramp/Garage
Private Parties
Other
Worksite
N/A—Never
Exposed
Parking Ramp/Garage
Other
N/A—Never Exposed
All Stud
Nonsmokers
Smokers
26.6 Exposure
3.0
3.1 Percent
36.5 Who
2.5 Indicate
* 3.8
*
6.4
All Stu
Smokers
0.0
1.3
0.0
0.2
36.5 2.5 26.6 3.0
**
** 30.4
17.9
3.8
6.4
41.8
*
16.8
*
0.2 0.0 1.3 0.0
13.3
30.4 5.5*
17.9 10.1* 31.6
11.7* 16.5
8.7
41.8 34.2* 16.8
*
19.0
*
7.3
13.3 10.1 31.6 5.5
3.8
*
5.3
*
11.7 16.5 34.2 8.7
15.0
19.0 4.5*
7.3 5.1* 21.5
Results 15
20.3
36.
39.2
* 5.3
* 3.8
5.5
5.1 21.5 4.5
4.4 15.0 Outside
Inside
*
0.0
3.1
**
12.4
0.0
4.6*
7.3
12.4
*
4.6
5.5
7.3
4.4*
Nonsmokers
39.2
20.3
36
4.1
St.4.1
Cloud State students who are current smokers
3.8
increases
from 9.2 per weekday
to 9.4
20–21 slightly
24+
22–23
18–19
Age Group
per weekend
day. For daily smokers, the average
number decreases from 23.3 per weekday to 20.0
18–19
Current vs. Daily Smokers
3.8
The average number of cigarettes smoked by
4.9
Average Number of Cigarettes Smoked
7.7
20–21
22–23
per
weekend day.
24+
Age Group
25
Average Number of Cigarettes Smoked
Average Number
of Cigarettes
Average
Number of Cigarettes
4.9
Current vs. Daily Smokers 23.3
20
23.3
20
10
100
9.4Weekend Day
9.2 Weekday
5
Daily Smokers
Current Smokers
Weekend Day
Weekday
ts by Gender
20.0
9.4
9.2
155
0
Smokeless Tobacco Use
20.0
25
15
Daily Smokers
Current Smokers
Smokeless Tobacco Use
s by Gender
9.5
St. Cloud State students who smoked in the past
30 days report the most common locations of
9.5
their tobacco use are in a car and where they live
4.3
(outside).
1.2
Tobacco-Use Location
Current Smokers
Tobacco-Use Location
Percent Who Indicate Use
at Specified Location
Location
Current
Smokers
5.1
39.2
*
11.4
Percent Who Indicate Use
6.3
at1.3
Specified Location
43.0
5.1*
39.2
60.8
*
11.4*
16.5
68.4
1.3
6.3
19.0
49.4
*
43.0
27.8
60.8*
*
21.5
16.5
68.4*
10.1
24.1
19.0
49.4
On Campus
4.3
Males
Results
All Students
Males
Tobacco Use
All Students
Females
1.2
Females
Residence Halls
Fraternity/Sorority
Location
Bars/Restaurants
On
Campus
In a Car Halls
Residence
Where I Live
Fraternity/Sorority
Private Parties
Bars/Restaurants
InWorksite
a Car
ParkingI Live
Ramp/Garage
Where
Other Parties
Private
Worksite
Parking Ramp/Garage
*
21.5
10.1
Inside
*Location
Other not included in question.
Inside
Attempts—Past 12 Months
t Smokers
St. Cloud State students were asked their opinion
regarding a smoke-free policy on their campus.
27.8
*
24.1
Outside
Outside
*Location not included in question.
Smoke-Free Campus Policy Support
All Students
Nearly four-fifths (79.7%) of nonsmokers and
a tobacco-free policy
prohibiting all tobacco use
Consider
Attempted
Themselves Smokers
to Quit
both indoors and outdoors.
Do Not Consider
Themselves Smokers
Have Not Attempted
to Quit
0
16 Health and Health-Related Behaviors St. Cloud State University Students
All Students
10.6
42.6
Disagree to
Strongly Disagree
5.2
20
5.9
Quit their
Attempts
to strongly agree that
campus should have
40
15.1
than one in1–99
three= (Range
34.6%
of) current smokers agree
Percent
of Quit Attempts
46.8
60
State students were asked their opinion regarding
a tobacco-free policy on their campus. Nearly
7.2(70.0%
= Average
three-fourths
) ofNumber
nonsmokers and more
75.2
80
79.7
Question asked:
In my opinion, my campus should implement a smoke-free policy
prohibiting smoking both indoors and outdoors.
18.9
50.6%
nearly one-half (46.8%) of current smokers agree
33.3%
to strongly agree
that their campus should have
49.4%
a smoke-free policy prohibiting
66.7% smoking both
indoors and outdoors. Additionally, St. Cloud
Neutral
Agree to
Strongly Agree
Nonsmokers
Current Smokers
Tobacco-Use Status and Other Illegal
Drug Use (Not Marijuana)—Past 12 Months
All Students
Secondhand Smoke Exposure
For St. Cloud State12students who are nonsmokers,
All Students
Tobacco-Use
Status
andcampus
Other Illegal
at bars and restaurants
(outside)
and on
Drug Use (Not Marijuana)—Past 12 Months 11.2
All Students
(outside) are the
most
9 commonly cited locations for
Nonsmokers
On Campus
Residence Halls
Fraternity/Sorority
Location
Bars/Restaurants
On Campus
In a Car
Residence Halls
Where I Live
Fraternity/Sorority
Private Parties
Bars/Restaurants
Worksite
In
a Car
ParkingI Ramp/Garage
Where
Live
Other Parties
Private
N/A—Never Exposed
Worksite
Parking Ramp/Garage
Other
3.1 36.5 2.5 26.6 3.0 35.0
* 3.8Exposure
* 6.0
* Percent
6.4 Who Indicate
0.0
0.2 0.0 1.3 0.0 0.4
All Students
Nonsmokers
Smokers
* 19.8
* 30.4
17.9
*
3.1 36.5 2.5 26.6 3.0 35.0
41.8
*
16.8
*
12.4
* 3.8
* 6.0*
*
6.4
5.5 16.0
4.6 13.3
0.0 31.6
0.0
1.3 0.0
0.4
0.2 10.1
16.5
34.2
15.1
11.7
7.3
8.7
* 19.8
* 30.4
* 17.9
7.3
* 16.8* 9.0
*
* 41.8* 19.0
12.4*
3.8
*
5.3
*
5.5
4.6 13.3 10.1 31.6 5.5 16.0*
5.1 34.2
21.5 8.7
4.5 15.1
16.0
15.0 16.5
4.4 11.7
7.3
*20.3
*39.27.3
19.0
3.8
*
*
5.5
Inside
Outside
4.4 15.0 5.1 21.5
*Location not included in question.
N/A—Never Exposed
All Students
Smokers
Inside
12
6 exposure to secondhand
reported locations for
11.2
smoke by students9 who are current smokers are in a
3
car and at private parties
(outside).
3.6
6
3
0
0
2.0
All Students
Non-Tobacco Users
Tobacco
3.6
2.0
All Students
Non-Tobacco Users
Tobacco Us
*36.39.0
5.3
*
4.5 16.0
20.3
39.2
exposure to secondhand smoke. The most frequently
Percent
All Students
Location
Percent
Percent Who Indicate Exposure
Secondhand Smoke Exposure
36.3
Outside
*Location not included in question.
Results
Secondhand Smoke Exposure—Per Week
Nonsmokers vs. Current Smokers
2.5%
4.3% 0.9%
Secondhand Smoke Exposure—Per Week
For St. Cloud State students who are nonsmokers,
12.6%
5.2% report being exposed to secondhand smoke
2.5%
23.0%
4.3% 0.9%
41.8%
12.6%
43.1%
71.8%
23.0%
Tobacco Use
Nonsmokers vs. Current Smokers
two or more hours per week. For current smokers,
15.1% report being exposed to secondhand smoke
for two or more hours per week.
41.8%
43.1%
Current Smokers
71.8%
Nonsmokers
2–6 Hours
0 Hours
Less Than 30 Minutes–1 Hour
7 or More Hours
Nonsmokers
Current Smokers
0 Hours
Less Than 30 Minutes–1 Hour
2–6 Hours
7 or More Hours
Tobacco-Use Status and High-Risk Drinking
All Students
80
Tobacco-Use
Status and High-Risk Drinking
Percent
Percent
All Students
60
80
65.1
40
60
20
40
0
20
0
30.5
30.5
65.1
23.6
All Students
Non-Tobacco Users
All Students
Non-Tobacco Users
23.6
Tobacco Users
Tobacco Users
Results
17
acco-Use Location
nt Smokers
Tobacco-Use Status and High-Risk Drinking
St. Cloud State University students who use tobacco
All Students
tend to havePercent
a higher
rateIndicate
of high-risk
Who
Use drinking
ence Halls
nity/Sorority
Restaurants
ar
e I Live
e Parties
ite
g Ramp/Garage
at Specified Location
compared to students
who are non-tobacco users
5.1
39.2
(65.1% vs. 23.6%, respectively).
*
11.4
1.3
6.3
*
43.0
Definition:
High-Risk Drinking
60.8
*
Consumption of
five or more alcoholic
16.5
68.4
drinks at one sitting within the past
19.0
49.4
two weeks for both males and females.
27.8
A drink is defined *as a bottle of beer,
wine cooler, glass
21.5of wine, shot glass*of
liquor, or mixed drink.
10.1
24.1
Inside
80
60
Percent
on
mpus
0
All Students
23.6
Non-Tobacco Users
Tobacco Users
Tobacco-Use Status and Current Marijuana Use
All Students
tudents
30
0
79.7
75.2
the past 30 days by St. Cloud State students is
Results
higher among tobacco users (25.8%) compared
25
Tobacco-Use
Status and Current Marijuana 25.8
Use
All Students
20
Percent
estion asked:
Similar toimplement
the relationship between high-risk
my
opinion, my
campus should
oke-Free
Campus
Policy Supporta smoke-free policy
hibiting
indoors
and
outdoors.use, use of marijuana in
tudentssmoking both
drinking and tobacco
Disagree to
Strongly Disagree
All Students
Percent
79.7
Agree to
Strongly Agree
Current Smokers
Neutral
Agree to
Strongly Agree
Nonsmokers
Current Smokers
5.2
0
As with high-risk drinking and marijuana use, the
use of other illegal drugs is associated with tobacco
users use illegal drugs, other than marijuana, at a
higher rate than non-tobacco users who attend the
university
(11.2%
vs. 2.0%
, respectively).
Percent
Who Indicate
Exposure
Smokers
10.0
All Students
All Students
6.8
Non-Tobacco Users
Tobacco Users
6.8
Non-Tobacco Users
Tobacco Users
All Students
use. St. Cloud State students who are tobacco
Nonsmokers
All Students
25.8
Tobacco-Use Status and Other Illegal
Drug Use (Not Marijuana)—Past 12 Months
12
Tobacco-Use Status and Other Illegal
Drug
Use (Not Marijuana)—Past 12 Months11.2
9
All Students
Percent
nents
150
5
Nonsmokers
ndhand Smoke Exposure
10.0
205
10
ndhand Smoke Exposure
dents
30
15
25
10
46.8
10.6
10.6
Neutral
5.9
All Students
15.1
18.9
0
5.2
5.9
42.6
42.6
15.1
Tobacco Use
18.9
Disagree to
Strongly Disagree
75.2
four-fold increase in the rate.
00
46.8
stion asked:
0y opinion, my campus should implement a smoke-free policy
to non-tobacco users (6.8%). This is nearly a
hibiting smoking both indoors and outdoors.
0
30.5
Outside
oke-Free Campus Policy Support
00
40
20
n not included in question.
00
65.1
126
3.1 36.5 2.5 26.6 3.0 35.0
93
* 3.8
* 6.0
*
6.4
3.6
Percent Who Indicate Exposure
ity/Sorority
0.0
0.2 0.0 1.3 0.0 0.4
60
* 19.8
* 30.4 All Students
estaurants
* 17.9
n
Nonsmokers
Smokers
All Students
3.0 35.0*
mpus
3.1 36.5* 41.8
2.5 26.6* 16.8
r
12.4
3
* 31.6
* 16.0
* 13.3
3.8
6.0
Halls
6.4 10.1
5.5
Ice
Live
4.6
3.6
0.0 34.2
ty/Sorority
0.0
1.3 0.0
0.4
0.2 16.5
Parties
7.3 11.7
8.7 15.1
0
** 19.8
** 30.4
staurants
** 17.9
te
19.0
9.0
7.3
All Students
** 16.8
**
** 41.8
12.4
3.8
5.3
Ramp/Garage
5.5
I Live
4.6
5.1 31.6
21.5 5.5
4.5 16.0
16.0
15.0 10.1
4.4 13.3
18 Health and Health-Related Behaviors St. Cloud State University Students
34.2 8.736.3
15.1
Parties
7.339.211.7 16.520.3
Never
Exposed
* 19.0
e
*
* 9.0
7.3
Inside
Outside
* 5.3
*
* 3.8
Ramp/Garage
5.5
11.2
mpus
Percent
nce Halls
2.0
Non-Tobacco Users
Tobacco Users
2.0
Non-Tobacco Users
Tobacco Users
Results
Alcohol Use
and Other Drug Use
For some young adults, college life includes an introduction to or increase in the use of alcohol,
marijuana, and various illicit drugs. Whether students are using these substances to signify emergence
into adulthood, enhance their social life, or cope with stress, substance abuse can lead to a decline in
classroom performance, lower grades, aggressive behavior, property damage, and personal injury.
National Comparison
American college students consume alcohol and other drugs at very high rates. Among full-time college
students, approximately four in five (80.5%) have consumed alcohol at least one time, more than three
in four (77.4%) have consumed alcohol in the past year, and nearly two in three (63.5%) consume
alcohol monthly (Johnston et al, 2012). The rate of binge drinking (consuming five or more alcoholic
beverages in a row in the previous two weeks) peaks between ages 21 and 25 at 45.4% and is 31.2%
among 18- to 20-year-olds (SAMHSA, 2012b). Young adults ages 18 to 22 who are enrolled in college
full time are more likely than their peers who are not enrolled in college full time to consume alcohol
Results
monthly and to binge drink (SAMHSA, 2012b).
Approximately one-half (49.2%) of full-time college students have used an illicit drug at least once in
their lifetime, more than one-third (36.3%) of full-time college students have used an illicit drug at
Alcohol Use and Other Drug Use
least once in the past year, and more than one in five (21.4%) full-time college students have used an
illicit drug in the last month (Johnston et al, 2012). Marijuana is the illicit drug of choice for full-time
college students, with nearly half (46.6%) of students having used the drug at least once in their lifetime,
approximately one-third (33.2%) having used it in the past year, and approximately one in five (19.4%)
having used it in the past month (Johnston et al, 2012). Among full-time college students, 9.3% have
used amphetamines, 3.3% have used cocaine, and 0.1% have used heroin in the previous year (Johnston
et al, 2012).
19
Among St. Cloud State University students,
Alcohol Use—Past 12 Months and Current
Hig
73.6% report using alcohol in the past 12 months
and 61.9% report using alcohol in the past 30 days.
Alcohol Use—Past 12 Months and Current
All Students by Gender
Alcohol
Use—Past 12 Months and Current
80
Hig
All
Hig
Percent
Percent
Percent
Definition:
Past-12-Month Alcohol Use
60
40
60
74.5
73.6
73.6
71.9
71.9
74.5
74.5
61.9
59.8
61.9
61.9
59.8
59.8
63.0
63.0
63.0
0
Past 12All
Months
Students
Past 12 Months
All Students
Males
Current
Females
Current
Females
All Students
Males
Females
Males
Hig
Current Alcohol Use
All Students by Age Group
Current
Alcohol Use
Hig
All S
Hig
80
60
80
Percent
Percent
Percent
Results
consuming alcohol in the past 30 days.
71.7
71.7
71.7
60
40
60
78.8
78.8
72.7
72.7
72.7
66.7
66.7
66.7
40.5
40.5
20
200
0
All 5S
78.8
40.5
40
20
40
0
18–20
21–22
18–20
21–22
18–20
21–22
23–24
Age Group
23–24
Age
Group
23–24
25–27
28+
25–27
28+
25–27
28+
5
4
5
4
3
4
3
2
3
2
1
2
1
1
Age Group
Average Number of Drinks per Week
Male St. Cloud State students consume a higher
average number of drinks per week than female
students at the university. The average number of
drinks per week may serve as an indicator of overall
alcohol use.
All Students by Gender
Average Number of Drinks per Week
All Students by Gender
Average
Number of Drinks per Week
Hi
Pe
Hi
All
Pe
Hi
All
Pe
5
All Students
by Gender
Average
Number
of
Drinks
Average
Number
of Drinks
Average
Number
of Drinks
Alcohol Use and Other Drug Use
All S
All 80
Students by Age Group
the past 30 days. More than three-fourths (78.8%)
of St. Cloud State students ages 23–24 report
2
21
Current Alcohol Use
All Students by Age Group
students ages 18–20 report consuming alcohol in
3
32
1
Current
Past 12 Months
Any alcohol use within the past 30 days.
Approximately two in five (40.5%) St. Cloud State
4
43
1
0
Definition:
Current Alcohol Use
71.9
40
20
40
20
200
Any alcohol use within the past year.
73.6
Percent
Percent
Percent
80
60
80
month alcohol use and current alcohol use
compared to males.
All 4S
All Students by Gender
Percent
Percent
Percent
Female students report higher rates of past-12-
All
All Students by Gender
5
4
5
4
3
4
3
2
3
2
1
2
1
0
1
0
0
4.2
3.1
3.1
3.1
All Students
4.2
4.2
2.4
2.4
2.4
Males
Females
All Students
Males
Females
All Students
Males
Females
Qu
All
In
sch
Qu
(O
In
Qu
co
sch
In
ort
(O
sch
con
(On
or
con
Hig
or
Dr
Hig
All
Dr
Hig
Dri
Hig
All
All
No
Hig
Hig
No
No
20 Health and Health-Related Behaviors St. Cloud State University Students
Blo
8+
8+
Male students
at St. Estimated
Cloud State University
report Content
a
Average
Blood Alcohol
30
40
40
0
0
38.1
38.1
students (0.06
38.1%
vs. 26.0%, respectively).
0.08
0.08
0.06
26.0
30.5
30.5
10
20
20
0
10
10
38.1
30.5
20
30
30
0.08
Average
All
StudentsEstimated
by Gender Blood Alcohol Content
higher rateAllofStudents
high-risk
bydrinking
Gender compared to female
26.0
26.0
All Students
Females
Males
All Students
All Students
Average BAC
Average
BAC
Average
BAC
All Students by Gender
High-Risk Drinking
Females
Females
Males
Males
All Students by Age Group
peak years
for engaging in high-risk
0.09 drinking are
0.08
45.5
41.6
41.6
41.6
21–22
23–24
Age Group
21–22
21–22
0.10
ages 21–24.
0.10
45.5
45.5
27.3
27.3
18–20
18–20
All Students
All Students
Females
Males
Average Estimated Blood Alcohol Content
22.2
22.7
22.7
22.2
22.2
28+
25–27
25–27
25–27
28+
28+
0.06
0.08
0.08
0.04
0.06
0.06
0.02
0.04
0.04
0.00
0.02
0.02
0.00
0.00
0.05
0.09
0.09
0.08
0.07
0.08
0.08
0.07
0.07
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
18–20
18–20
18–20
21–22
21–22
21–22
23–24
Age Group
25–27
23–24
23–24
Age
Group
Age Group
28+
25–27
25–27
28+
28+
Alcohol Use and Other Drug Use
23–24
23–24
Age
Group
Age Group
22.7
Average BAC
Average
BAC
Average
BAC
Percent Percent
Percent
0
0
All Students
0.10
Among St.
Cloud
State
University
students,
the Content
Average
Estimated
Alcohol
All
Students
by Age
GroupBlood
All Students by Age Group
18–20
0.05
0.05
All Students by Age Group
High-Risk
Drinking
50Students by
High-Risk
Drinking
All
Age Group
27.3
0.02
0.04
0.04
0.07
0.07
Average Estimated Blood Alcohol Content
All Students by Age Group
40
50
50
30
40
40
20
30
30
10
20
20
0
10
10
0.06
0.06
0.00
0.00
Females
Females
Males
Males
0.05
0.04
0.06
0.06
0.00
0.02
0.02
0.07
Results
+
All Students by Gender
High-Risk
Drinking
40Students by
High-Risk
Drinking
All
Gender
7
.7
.7
Average Estimated Blood Alcohol Content
All Students by Gender
Percent Percent
Percent
0
0
High-Risk Drinking
High-Risk Drinking Rates on Campus—
Perceived vs. Actual
Consequences of Alcohol/Drug Use
StudentsNegative
Allattending
Students St. Cloud State overestimate
All Students
the high-risk drinking rate on their campus.
High-Risk Drinking Rates on Campus—
High-Risk Drinking
Perceived
vs. ActualRates on Campus—
Question
asked:
Perceived
vs. Actual
All
Students
Negative
Consequences
of ,Alcohol/Drug
Use
The estimate
from all
students is 37.8%
and
Negative
Consequences
of Alcohol/Drug
Use Percent
All
Students
the actual high-risk drinking rate at the university
All Students
InAllthe
past two weeks, what percentage of students at your
Students
school do you think had five or more drinks at a sitting?
(One drink = one shot of alcohol, 12-ounce beer, mixed drink
Question asked:
containing
1 or 1.5 ounces of alcohol, 12-ounce wine cooler,
Question
In
the pastasked:
two weeks,
what percentage of students at your
or
5-ounce
glass
of wine.)
In the past
twothink
weeks,
percentage
of students
at your
school
do you
hadwhat
five or
more drinks
at a sitting?
schooldrink
do you
think
had
or more
drinksbeer,
at a sitting?
(One
= one
shot
of five
alcohol,
12-ounce
mixed drink
Students’
Perception
Actual
(One drink 1= or
one
shot
of alcohol,
12-ounce
beer,wine
mixed
drink
containing
1.5
ounces
of alcohol,
12-ounce
cooler,
High-Risk
Drinking wine cooler,
High-Risk
containing
or 1.5
ofHigh-Risk
alcohol, 12-ounce
or
5-ounce 1glass
of ounces
wine.) of
Drinking
Status
Drinking Rate
or 5-ounce
glass of wine.) by School Peers
All Students
High-Risk
High-RiskDrinkers
High-Risk
Drinking
Status
Drinking Status
All Students Drinkers
Non-High-Risk
All Students
High-Risk Drinkers
High-Risk Drinkers
Non-High-Risk Drinkers
Non-High-Risk Drinkers
37.8%
Students’
Perception
Students’
Perception
of
High-Risk
Drinking
of High-Risk
44.5%Drinking
by School
Peers
by School Peers
37.8%
34.8%
37.8%
44.5%
44.5%
34.8%
34.8%
Actual
Actual
High-Risk
30.5%
High-Risk
Drinking
Rate
of
All Students
Drinking
Rate
30.5%
30.5%
of All
Students
of All Students
Blood Alcohol Content
Blood Alcohol Content
Blood Alcohol Content
Blood alcohol content (BAC) measures the percentage of alcohol
is 30.5%Negative
. Those Consequence
who have engaged
in high-risk
Due to Alcohol/Drug Use
drinkingHad
estimate
a high-risk drinking rate of
a Hangover
44.5%, Performed
while
those
whoonhave
not
engaged
in
Poorly
a Test
orto
Important
Project
Negative
Consequence
Due
Alcohol/Drug
Use
Negative Consequence Due to Alcohol/Drug Use
in
Trouble
With
Police,
Residence
Hall,
or
high-riskBeen
drinking
estimate
a
rate
of
34.8%
.
Had a Hangover
Who Repor
Experiencin
Within Pas
12Percent
Months
Percent
Who
Repo
48.6
Who
Repo
Experiencin
Experiencin
Within Pas
Within
Pas
1216.8
Month
12 Month
Other
Authorities
Had aCollege
Hangover
Performed
Poorly on
a Test
or Alarms,
Important
Damaged
Property,
Pulled
Fire
etc.Project
Performed Poorly on
a Test
or Important
Project
Been
in
Trouble
With
Police,
Residence
or
Got
into
an
Argument
FightResidence Hall,
Other
Authorities
Been
inCollege
Trouble
With or
Police,
Hall, or
Other
College Authorities
Got
Nauseated
or Vomited
Damaged
Property,
Pulled Fire Alarms, etc.
Damaged
Property,
Pulledthe
Fire
Alarms, etc.
Driven
a
Car
While
Under
Influence
Got into an Argument or Fight
Got into
an Argument or Fight
Missed
a Class
Got Nauseated
or Vomited
Got
Nauseated
orSomeone
Vomited I Know
Been
Criticized
by
Driven
a Car While
Under the Influence
Driven
a
Car
While
Under
the Influence
Thought
I
Might
Have
a Drinking
or Other Drug Problem
Missed a Class
Missed
a
Class
Had
a
Memory
Loss
Been Criticized by Someone I Know
BeenSomething
Criticized by
Someone
I Know
Done
Later
Thought
I Might IHave
aRegretted
Drinking or Other Drug Problem
Thought
I
Might
Have
a
Drinking
or Other Drug Problem
Been
DWI/DUI
Had aArrested
Memoryfor
Loss
Results 21
Had
a
Memory
Loss
Have
Taken Advantage
of Sexually
DoneBeen
Something
I Later Regretted
Done Something
I Later
Have
Advantage
ofRegretted
Another Sexually
BeenTaken
Arrested
for DWI/DUI
Been
Arrested
for
DWI/DUI
Tried
Unsuccessfully
to
Stop
Have Been Taken AdvantageUsing
of Sexually
48.6
5.5
48.6
16.8
1.5
16.8
15.3
5.5
5.5
33.0
1.5
1.5
10.0
15.3
15.3
16.2
33.0
33.0
17.1
10.0
10.0
5.5
16.2
16.2
19.0
17.1
17.1
19.2
5.5
5.5
0.2
19.0
19.0
2.1
19.2
19.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
2.1
2.1
Bee
Tho
Had
Don
Blood Alcohol Content
The blood alcohol content (BAC) of a student on
the most recent socializing/partying occasion was
Hav
calculated based on answers to four different survey
Hav
Blood alcohol content (BAC) measures the percentage of alcohol
in a person’s blood. The calculation of BAC is based on a formula
that takes into account the following factors:
alcohol consumed, and time period of consumption).
• Gender
• Current body weight
• Amount of alcohol consumed (number of drinks)
• Time period of consumption
• Concentration of alcohol in the beverage consumed
(based on the alcohol content of one typical can of beer
containing 4.5% alcohol)
It should be noted that the BAC calculated in this
study is an estimate. This information is selfreported, and students tend to underestimate the
actual amount of alcohol they consume.
High-Risk Drinking
For students attending St. Cloud State University,
High-Risk Drinking
Results
Percent
30
20
20
10
Alcohol Use and Other Drug Use
10
0
0
All Students
All Students
High-Risk Drinking
0
10
0
18–20
18–20
0.09, with the45.5
estimated BAC for all survey
41.6
respondents averaging 0.06. Students ages 21–22
45.5
report
41.6an average estimated BAC level of 0.09,
which exceeds the legal driving
of 0.08 for
22.7 limit 22.2
individuals of legal drinking age.
22.7
22.2
21–22
21–22
Females
Males
All Students
Females
Males
23–24
Age Group
23–24
Age Group
25–27
25–27
28+
28+
0.06
0.08
0.04
0.06
0.09
0.05
0.02
0.04
0.00
0.02
Hig
All S
0.09
0.08
0.10
Average BAC
Average BAC
Percent
10
20
27.3
All Students
All Students by Age Group
0.10
State University students range from 0.05 to
27.3
0.05
0.04
0.02
1
Average Estimated Blood Alcohol Content
All50Students by Age Group
20
30
0.06
All Students by Age Group
High-Risk Drinking
The average estimated BAC levels for St. Cloud
30
40
0.07
0.05
1
Average Estimated Blood Alcohol Content
All Students by Age Group
40
50
0.06
0.04
0.00
Females
Males
0.06
0.02
0.00
Females
Males
All2
0.07
0.08
0.06
Average BAC
Average BAC
males compared to females at the university.
38.1
26.0
30.5
26.0
Av
All Students by Gender
0.08
0.06. The average
38.1 estimated BAC is the lower for
30.5
All S
Average Estimated Blood Alcohol Content
on the last time the student partied/socialized, is
All40Students by Gender
Ser
Ave
All Students by Gender
the average estimated blood alcohol content, based
Ser
Bee
Average Estimated Blood Alcohol Content
All Students by Gender
Trie
Average Number of
Average
Number
of
Negative
Consequences
Negative Consequences
questions (gender, current body weight, amount of
40
30
Bee
0.07
0.07
0.08
0.08
0.00
18–20
All
0.05
0.05
0.05
18–20
Hi
21–22
21–22
23–24
Age Group
23–24
Age Group
25–27
25–27
28+
28+
Neg
Driv
Ne
Got
Dri
Perf
Go
Miss
Per
Have
(Incl
Mis
Hav
(Inc
*The
whi
with
*Th
wh
wi
22 Health and Health-Related Behaviors St. Cloud State University Students
High-Risk Drinking Rates on Campus—
Perceived vs. Actual
Negative Consequences of Alcohol/Drug Use
All Students
Lik
Negative Consequence Due to Alcohol/Drug Use
48.6
16.8
Had a Hangover
Performed Poorly on a Test or Important Project
Been in Trouble With Police, Residence Hall, or
Other College Authorities
5.5
1.5
15.3
33.0
10.0
16.2
17.1
5.5
19.0
19.2
0.2
2.1
0.2
2.1
2.8
0.9
7.7
Damaged Property, Pulled Fire Alarms, etc.
Got into an Argument or Fight
Got Nauseated or Vomited
Driven a Car While Under the Influence
Missed a Class
Been Criticized by Someone I Know
Thought I Might Have a Drinking or Other Drug Problem
Had a Memory Loss
Done Something I Later Regretted
Been Arrested for DWI/DUI
Have Been Taken Advantage of Sexually
Have Taken Advantage of Another Sexually
Tried Unsuccessfully to Stop Using
Seriously Thought About Suicide
Seriously Tried to Commit Suicide
Been Hurt or Injured
All Students
the influence
of alcohol or drugs. Among St. Cloud
State University students, 16.2% report missing a
class and Response
16.8% report performing poorly on a test
Percent
65.9
or projectVery
as aLikely
result of alcohol/drug use.
Somewhat Likely
21.8
Somewhat Unlikely
6.8
Very Unlikely
5.5
All Students
69.5
19.5
5.5
5.5
Students Who
Did Not Use
Alcohol Within
the Past 30 Days
63.9
22.9
7.6
5.6
Students Who
Did Use
Alcohol Within
the Past 30 Days
Marijuana Use—Past 12 Months and Current
All Students by Gender
20
15
15.4
17.1
14.5
10
11.6
10.0
9.1
5
0
Past 12 Months
Current
All Students
All Students by Average Number of Drinks and High-Risk Drinking
12average
Months
A strongSelected
associationDrug
existsUse—Past
between the
All Students
number of drinks St. Cloud State students
consumed2.0
per week and the total number of
20
1.7
reported negative consequences they experienced
1.5 12 months. An association also
over the past
exists between engaging in high-risk drinking
0.6
0.2
GHB/Rohypnol
0.4
Inhalants
Opiates
0.4
Hallucinogens
High-Risk
Drinkers
Sedatives
Non-High-Risk
Drinkers
Amphetamines
6 or More
Drinks
per Week
0.0
Cocaine
5 or Fewer
Drinks
per Week
3.6
0.6
0.5
4.9
0.8
consequences.
5
Steroids
within the1.0
past two weeks and reported negative
10
1.1
14.9
Ecstasy
16.1
1.3
15
0
Females
Alcohol Use and Other Drug Use
Average Number of Negative Consequences
Males
High-Risk Drinking and Selected Consequences*
All Students
Results
Percent
Negative Consequence
Driven a Car While Under the Influence
10.0
4.3 22.8
Results
5
Percent
Who Report
Experiencing
Within Past
12 Months
Percent
ol
a
students report
having driven a car while
under
Alcohol/Drug-Related
Situation
Percent
nts
Likelihood of Calling 911 in an
All Students
Average Number of
Negative Consequences
k
ate
Approximately one in ten (10.0%) St. Cloud State
Negative Consequences of Alcohol/Drug Use
23
Average Estimated Blood Alcohol Content
All StudentsEstimated
by Age GroupBlood Alcohol Content
Average
All Students by Age Group
Average
Estimated Blood Alcohol Content
0.10
All0.10
Students by Age Group
The rates for the negative consequences identified
0.08
0.08
0.10
0.06
0.06
0.08
0.04
0.04
0.06
0.02
0.02
0.04
0.00
0.00
0.02
0.00
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.09
generally
among St. Cloud
0.09 are three times higher
0.08
0.08
State students who
have
engaged
in high-risk
0.07
0.07
0.09
drinking compared to students who have not
0.08
0.05
engaged in high-risk
0.05in four
0.07 drinking. Nearly one
(22.8%) students who have engaged in high-risk
0.05
drinking has driven while under the influence of
or drugs23–24
one or more
times in the
18–20 alcohol
21–22
25–27
28+past
18–20
21–22
23–24
25–27
28+
Age
Group
12 months. Age Group
18–20
21–22
23–24
Age Group
25–27
28+
High-Risk Drinking and Selected Consequences*
All Students Drinking and Selected Consequences*
High-Risk
All Students
High-Risk Drinking and Selected Consequences*
All Students
Negative Consequence
Negative Consequence
Driven a Car While Under the Influence
Driven a Car While Under the Influence
Got intoConsequence
an Argument or Fight
Negative
Got into an Argument or Fight
Performed
PoorlyUnder
on a Test
Important Project
Driven a Car While
theor
Influence
Performed Poorly on a Test or Important Project
Missed
a Class
Got
into an
Argument or Fight
Missed a Class
Have
Been
Takenon
Advantage
of SexuallyProject
Performed
Poorly
aFemales)
Test or Important
(Includes
Have
BeenMales
Takenand
Advantage
of Sexually
(Includes
Males and Females)
Missed
a Class
All Students
Non-High-Risk
Have Been
Taken Advantage
of Sexually Drinkers
AllMales
Students
Non-High-Risk Drinkers
(Includes
and Females)
Percent
Percent
10.0 4.3 22.8
10.0 4.3 22.8
15.3Percent
8.4 30.9
15.3 8.4 30.9
16.8
10.6
30.9
10.0
4.3 22.8
16.8 10.6
30.9
16.2 9.530.9
31.5
15.3
16.2 8.4
9.5 31.5
16.8
2.1 10.6
1.430.9
3.7
2.1 9.5
1.4 31.5
3.7
16.2
High-Risk Drinkers
High-Risk
2.1
1.4Drinkers
3.7
*The rate for high-risk drinking is based on behavior in the past two weeks
while
the
for negative
consequences
is based on
reported
experiences
*The
rate
forrate
high-risk
drinking
is based on behavior
in the
past two
weeks
All
Students
Non-High-Risk
High-Risk
Drinkers
within
the
previous
12-month
period. Drinkers
while
the
rate
for negative
consequences
is based on reported
experiences
within the previous 12-month period.
*The rate for high-risk drinking is based on behavior in the past two weeks
while the rate for negative consequences is based on reported experiences
within the previous 12-month period.
All Students
Students were asked if they would call 911 when
Negative Consequences
of Alcohol/Drug
Use
someone passes
out due to alcohol/drug
use and they
All Students
Percent
Percent
are unable to wake the individual. InWho
thisReport
example of
Alcohol Use and Other Drug Use
Results
Experiencing
Who
Report
Within
Past of all
Experiencing
a situation in which 911 must be called,
65.9%
Negative Consequence Due to Alcohol/Drug Use
12
Months
Within
Past
Percent
Negative Consequence
Due
to
Alcohol/Drug
Use
12
Months
Who
Report
St. Cloud State students report they would
Had a Hangover
48.6be “very
Experiencing
Had a Hangover likely” to call for emergency assistance.
48.6
Within
Past
Performed
Poorly on aDue
Testto
orAlcohol/Drug
Important Project
16.8
Negative
Consequence
Use
12 Months
Performed Poorly on a Test or Important Project
16.8
Been
in Trouble With Police, Residence Hall, or
Had
a Hangover
48.6
Other
5.5
Been
inCollege
TroubleAuthorities
With Police, Residence Hall, or
Other
College
Authorities
5.5
erformed
Poorly
on
a
Test
or
Important
Project
16.8
Damaged Property, Pulled Fire Alarms, etc.
1.5
Damaged
Property,
Fire
Alarms,Hall,
etc. or
1.5
een
in
Trouble
WithPulled
Police,
Residence
Got
into
an
Argument
or
Fight
15.3
Other College Authorities
5.5
Got into an Argument or Fight
15.3
Got Nauseated
or Pulled
Vomited
33.0
Damaged
Property,
Fire Alarms, etc.
1.5
Got Nauseated or Vomited
33.0
Driven
a Car
While Under
the Influence
10.0
Got
into an
Argument
or Fight
15.3
Driven a Car While Under the Influence
10.0
Missed
a
Class
16.2
Got Nauseated or Vomited
33.0
Missed a Class
16.2
Been
Criticized
by
Someone
I
Know
17.1
Driven a Car While Under the Influence
10.0
Been Criticized by Someone I Know
17.1
Thought
I Might Have a Drinking or Other Drug Problem
5.5
Missed
a Class
16.2
Thought I Might Have a Drinking or Other Drug Problem
5.5
Had
a
Memory
Loss
19.0
een Criticized by Someone I Know
17.1
Had a Memory Loss
19.0
Done Something
I Later
Regretted
19.2
hought
I Might Have
a Drinking
or Other Drug Problem
5.5
Done Something I Later Regretted
19.2
Been
ArrestedLoss
for DWI/DUI
0.2
Had
a Memory
19.0
Been Arrested for DWI/DUI
0.2
Have
Been
Taken
Advantage
of
Sexually
2.1
The
rate
for
any
marijuana
use
within
the
past
Done Something I Later Regretted
19.2
Have Been Taken Advantage of Sexually
2.1
Have
Taken
Advantage
of
Another
Sexually
0.2
een Arrested for DWI/DUI
12 months is 15.4% for all St. Cloud State
0.2
Have Taken Advantage of Another Sexually
0.2students,
Tried
Unsuccessfully
to
Stop
Using
2.1
Have Been Taken Advantage
of Sexually
the
current marijuana-use rate is2.1
10.0%
for
Tried Unsuccessfullywhile
to Stop
Using
2.1
Seriously
Thought
About
Suicide
2.8
Have Taken Advantage
of
Another
Sexually
0.2
all St.Suicide
Cloud State students. Past 12 month
Seriously Thought About
2.8 and
Seriously
Tried to Commit
0.9
ried
Unsuccessfully
to StopSuicide
Using
2.1
Seriously Tried to Commit
Suicide
0.9males
current
marijuana-use
rates
are
higher
for
Been Hurt
or Injured
7.7
eriously
Thought
About Suicide
2.8
Been Hurt or Injuredthan for females.
7.7
eriously Tried to Commit Suicide
0.9
7.7
een Hurt or Injured
Definition:
Past-12-Month Marijuana Use
Any marijuana use within the past year.
Likelihood of Calling 911 in an
Likelihood
of Calling 911
in an
Alcohol/Drug-Related
Situation
All Students
Alcohol/Drug-Related
Situation
All Students
Likelihood of Calling 911 in an
Alcohol/Drug-Related Situation
AllResponse
Students
Response
Very Likely
Very Likely
Somewhat Likely
Response
Somewhat Likely
Somewhat
Very
Likely Unlikely
Somewhat Unlikely
Very
Unlikely
Somewhat
Likely
Very Unlikely
SomewhatAll
Unlikely
Students
All
Very UnlikelyStudents
Percent
Percent
65.9
69.5
63.9
69.5
63.9
65.9
21.8
19.5
22.9
Percent
19.5
22.9
21.8
6.8
5.5
7.6
65.9
69.5
63.9
5.5
7.6
6.8
5.5
5.5
5.6
21.8
19.5
22.9
5.5
5.6
5.5
6.8 Who
5.5Students Who
7.6
Students
Did Not
Use
Did
Use
Students
Who
Students
Who
5.5Within
5.5Alcohol Within
5.6
Alcohol
Did
Not Use
Did Use
the PastWithin
30 Days
Alcohol
the Past Who
30 Days
Students
Did Not Use
Alcohol Within
the Past 30 Days
All Students
the PastWithin
30 Days
Alcohol
the Past Who
30 Days
Students
Did Use
Alcohol Within
the Past 30 Days
Marijuana Use—Past 12 Months and Current
All Students byUse—Past
Gender
Marijuana
12 Months and Current
All Students by Gender
Marijuana
Use—Past 12 Months and Current
20
All Students
by Gender
20
PercentPercent
Percent
Negative Consequences of Alcohol/Drug Use
All StudentsConsequences of Alcohol/Drug Use
Negative
2015
15
1510
10
10 5
5
50
0
0
Definition:
Current Marijuana Use
Any marijuana use within the past 30 days.
24 Health and Health-Related Behaviors St. Cloud State University Students
15.4
15.4
15.4
17.1
17.1
17.1
14.5
14.5
14.5
11.6
10.0 11.6
10.0
10.0
Past 12 Months
Past 12 Months
All Students
All Students
Past 12 Months
All Students
Males
Males
Males
9.1
9.1
11.6
9.1
Current
Current
Females
Females
Current
Females
Selected Drug Use—Past 12 Months
The illicit drug most commonly used by St. Cloud
All Students
2.0
Further analysis shows that among St. Cloud State
1.5
least one of the nine listed illicit drugs. In addition,
1.7
University students, 3.6% report having used at
prescription drugs.
0.6
0.2
Steroids
GHB/Rohypnol
1.1
Ecstasy
Inhalants
0.4
0.8
Opiates
0.4
Hallucinogens
Sedatives
Cocaine
isk
ers
0.6
0.5
0.0
5.5% of students report using another person’s
1.3
1.0
Amphetamines
Percent
9
State University students is cocaine (1.7%).
Results
22.8
30.9
30.9
31.5
Alcohol Use and Other Drug Use
3.7
nkers
s
es
.9
.9
.6
.6
ys
Results
25
Results
Alcohol Use and Other Drug Use
26 Health and Health-Related Behaviors St. Cloud State University Students
Results
Personal Safety
and Financial Health
The health of students and their subsequent success in academic life depends on a multitude of
factors both intrinsic and extrinsic to the individual. Safety and personal finances are natural sources
of concern for students, parents, and college personnel. A safe campus offers students the opportunity
to pursue learning in an environment free from threats to their physical or emotional well-being.
As college populations become more diverse, the challenge of creating a safe environment becomes
more complex. Students’ decisions related to finances also affect their academic success. This section
concentrates on the areas of personal safety and financial health.
National Comparison
Though many efforts are made to reduce violence and victimization on campus, these unfortunate
events still occur. Current data show that almost one in six (17.6%) women and one in 33 (3.0%) men
in the United States have been victims of rape or attempted rape in their lifetime (Tjaden & Thoennes,
2006). Based on estimates by the National Institute of Justice, 20.0% of American women experience
rape or attempted rape while in college, but fewer than 5.0% of college rape victims report the incident
to the police (Fischer et al, 2000).
Financial health is another area of concern. According to the U.S. Department of Education, the average
Results
price of college attendance was $14,000 for all undergraduates and $22,400 for all full-time, full-year
undergraduate students during the 2007–2008 school year (USDE, 2011). In 2007–2008, 65.6% of all
undergraduates received some type of financial aid, and the average amount of aid received was $9,100
Personal Safety and Financial Health
(USDE, 2011). Nearly two in five (38.5%) undergraduate students borrowed money through a school
loan, and the average loan amount was $7,100 (USDE, 2011). More than four in five (84.0%) college
students in the United States have at least one credit card, and one-half (50.0%) have four or more
credit cards (Sallie Mae, 2009). The average credit card debt per U.S. college student is $3,173 (Sallie
Mae, 2009). More than two-fifths (41.9%) of college students report they participated in some type of
gambling activity during the previous school year (LaBrie et al, 2004).
27
Sexual Assault—Lifetime and Past 12 Months
All Students by Gender
Sexual Assault—Lifetime and Past 12 Months
More than one in four (26.7%) female students at
All Students by Gender
St. Cloud State University report experiencing a
Sexual assault is defined as answering yes to at least one of the
following two questions:
Sexual assault is defined as answering yes to at least one of the
Withintwo
yourquestions:
lifetime or during the past 12 months, have you:
following
• Experienced actual or attempted sexual intercourse
Within
your your
lifetime
or during
the past
12will?
months, have you:
without
consent
or against
your
•
Experienced
actual
or
attempted
sexual
intercourse
• Experienced actual or attempted sexual touching
without your
your consent
consent or
or against
against your
your will?
will?
without
• Experienced actual or attempted sexual touching
30 without your consent or against your will?
sexual assault within their lifetime, with 5.9%
reporting having been assaulted within the past
12 months. Male students at the university have
experienced sexual assault at lower rates, with 4.0%
reporting an assault within their lifetime and 1.6%
reporting an assault within the past 12 months.
30
25
26.7
Percent
Percent
25
20
26.7
20
15
18.3
15
10
18.3
10
5
05
0
4.0
4.3
4.0
4.3
1.6
WithinAll
Lifetime
Students
Within Past
12 Months
Males
Females
Males
Females
Among female students at St. Cloud State University,
Domestic Violence—Lifetime and Past 12 Months
more than one in four (28.2%) report experiencing
Domestic Violence—Lifetime and Past 12 Months
All Students by Gender
All Students by Gender
domestic violence within their lifetime. More than
Domestic violence is defined as answering yes to at least one of
the following two questions:
Domestic violence is defined as answering yes to at least one of
yourtwo
lifetime
or during the past 12 months, have you:
theWithin
following
questions:
• Been slapped, kicked, or pushed by your significant
Within
your
or during the past 12 months, have you:
other
or lifetime
spouse/partner?
•
Been
slapped,
kicked,
or pushed by or
your
significant
• Been hurt by threats, “put-downs,”
yelling
by
othersignificant
or spouse/partner?
your
other or spouse/partner?
• Been hurt by threats, “put-downs,” or yelling by
30 your significant other or spouse/partner?
one in eight (13.6%) male students report having
Results
5.9
5.9
Within Past 12 Months
Within Lifetime
All Students
had the experience.
Further examination of data shows that nearly
one in ten (12.4%) students at the university
report either sexually assaulting or inflicting
28.2
30
25
lifetime. Of those who report being a perpetrator
25
20
22.8
20
15
22.8
Percent
Percent
domestic violence on another person within their
of sexual assault or domestic violence, 40.9%
indicate they have been a victim of a sexual assault
within their lifetime.
28.2
15
10
13.6
10
5
13.6
05
0
13.3
10.9
10.9
6.8
Within Past 12 Months
Within All
Lifetime
Students
Within PastFemales
12 Months
Males
Males
Females
Depression Diagnosis—Lifetime
All Students by Sexual Assault/Domestic Violence
Depression Diagnosis—Lifetime
All Students by Sexual Assault/Domestic Violence
50
50
28 Health and Health-Related Behaviors St. Cloud State University
40 Students
40
30
13.3
6.8
Within Lifetime
All Students
ercent
t
Personal Safety and Financial Health
1.6
42.3
42.3
34.7
10.6
Percent
9
5.8
For students who report being victims of sexual
Depression Diagnosis—Lifetime
3
All Students by Sexual Assault/Domestic Violence
assault, 42.3% also say they have been diagnosed
Students
victims of domestic violenceAllsay
they have had Males
40
a diagnosis of depression within their lifetime. It
42.3
34.7
30
Fem
20
should be noted these rates are higher than the
lifetime depression rate reported among St. Cloud
State students who have not experienced sexual
10
assault or domestic violence within their lifetime.
13.7
Students Who
Have Not Experienced
Sexual Assault/
Domestic Violence
Sexual Assault–
Within Lifetime
Domestic Violence–
Within Lifetime
Sexual Assault Reporting by Victims—Lifetime
Sexual Assault Victims
Sexual Assault Reporting by Victims—Lifetime
Sexual Assault Victims
28.9%
28.9%
71.1%
71.1%
Percent
Among
Sexual Assault
Victims Who
Percent
Reported
Reported the
Among
Assault
Assault to*
Sexual Assault
Victims
42.9Who
Health Care Provider
Reported
Reported the
Hall
Director
Assault
Assault
to* or
7.1
Community Adviser
42.9
Health Care Provider
Campus Sexual
17.9
Violence
Officeor
Hall Director
7.1
Community Adviser
21.4
Police
Campus Sexual
50.0
Other
17.9
Violence Office
Transportation Safety—Past 12 Months
All Students
Transportation Safety—Past 12 Months
0
20
0
Bicycle
Helmet Use
Bicycle
Helmet Use
*Students may have reported incident to individuals in more than one category.
Did Not Report Sexual Assault
Reported Sexual Assault
33.4
31.0
Motorized Two-Wheeled
Vehicle Helmet Use
33.4
Texting
While Driving
Always
Motorized Two-Wheeled
MostHelmet
of the Use
Time
Vehicle
Sometimes
Always
Never
Most of the Time
Texting
While Drivin
Results
21.4
Police
Did Not Report Sexual Assault
50.0
Other
Reported Sexual Assault
3.2
6.3
57.1
3.2
6.3
57.1
All
Of St. Cloud State
University students who indicate
100Students
12.9
38.0
they have experienced a sexual
7.9 assault within their
80
100only 28.9%
11.3 state they reported
lifetime (18.3%),
12.9
38.0
60students67.9
7.9 chose to report
the incident. Of
who
80
15.8
11.3 it to a health care
the incident, 42.9% reported
40
15.2
60
67.9 it to the police.15.8
provider and 21.4%
reported
31.0
20
40
15.2
Percent Percent
Percent
3
with depression within
0 their lifetime; 34.7% of
50
0
6
Personal Safety and Financial Health
Sometimes
Never
*Students may have reported incident to individuals in more than one category.
Injuries—Past 12 Months
All Students
Firearm Access
Nearly one in six (16.0%) St. Cloud State students
Injuries—Past 12 Months
All Students
All Students
report they have
immediate access to a firearm,
Firearm Access
All Students
16.0%
16.0%
84.0%
Type of Firearm
Handgun
Rifle
Type of Firearm
Shotgun
Handgun
84.0%
Other
Rifle
Percent Among
Students With
Firearm Access
Percent
47.1Among
Students With
Firearm
56.5Access
75.3
47.1
8.2
56.5
75.3
Other
Firearm Access
No Firearm Access 8.2
Shotgun
Firearm Access
No Firearm Access
18.1% for males
14.8% for females. Of those
Typeand
of Injury
who have access
to a firearm,
47.1%
report
they
Assaulted
by Another
Person
(Nonsexual)
a Fire or Hot Substance
Type
ofbyInjury
have access toBurned
a handgun.
Percent Who Rep
Experiencing With
Past 12 Months
Percent Who
1.1 Rep
Experiencing Wi
5.1
Past 12
Month
1.1
1.1
6.6
5.1
6.6
1.1
1.3
6.6
13.6
6.6
10.5
1.3
68.0
13.6
Motor
Vehicle
Related Person (Nonsexual)
Assaulted
by Another
Team
Sports
Burned
by a Fire or Hot Substance
Further analysis shows that 11.7% of students
Individual
SportsRelated
Motor Vehicle
attending St. Cloud State University state they carried
Bicycle
Related
Team Sports
a weapon (e.g., gun, knife) within the past 12 months.
Falls
Individual Sports
This does not Other
include
carrying a weapon while hunting.
Bicycle Related
Not
FallsApplicable—I Was Not Injured
10.5
68.0
Other
Not Applicable—I Was Not Injured
Results
29
13.6
13.3
10.9
6.8
Within Lifetime
Within Past 12 Months
Male students at St. Cloud State University are
Males
All Students
Females
more likely to report having engaged in a physical
Physical Fight—Past 12 Months
All Students by Gender
fight over the past 12 months compared to female
12
students at the university (10.6% vs. 3.0%,
respectively).
10.6
Percent
9
6
5.8
sion Diagnosis—Lifetime
3
nts by Sexual Assault/Domestic Violence
0
3.0
All Students
Males
Females
42.3
34.7
100
80
60
12.9
7.9
12.9
11.3
7.9
11.3
67.9
60
40
67.9
100
80
Results
3.2
6.3
3.2
57.1
6.3
38.0
38.0
57.1
15.8
15.8
15.2
40
20
15.2
31.0
20
0
31.0
33.4
Motorized Two-Wheeled
Vehicle Helmet Use
Motorized Two-Wheeled
Always
Vehicle
Helmet Use
Most
of the Time
Always
Sometimes
Most of the Time
Never
Sometimes
Texting
While Driving
Texting
While Driving
0
Bicycle
Helmet Use
Bicycle
Helmet Use
Did NotinReport
Sexual
Assault
entsReported
may have Sexual
reported
incident to individuals
more than
one Assault
category.
dents may have reported incident to individuals in more than one category.
33.4
Never
S
A
Approximately one-third (32.0%) of St. Cloud State
students report experiencing at least one injury over
earm Access
tudents
the past 12 months. The injuries most commonly
rearm Access
reported during this period are due to falls.
Students
16.0%
16.0%
84.0%
84.0%
Percent Among
Students With
Type of Firearm Firearm
PercentAccess
Among
Students With
Handgun
47.1Access
Type of Firearm Firearm
Rifle
56.5
Handgun
47.1
Shotgun
Rifle
Other
Shotgun
75.3
56.5
8.2
75.3
8.2
Other
Firearm Access
Firearm Access
No Firearm Access
No Firearm Access
Injuries—Past 12 Months
All Students
Injuries—Past 12 Months
All Students
Type of Injury
Assaulted
by Another Person (Nonsexual)
Type of Injury
Burned
by
Fire
or Hot Person
Substance
Assaultedaby
Another
(Nonsexual)
Motor
Vehicle
Related
Burned
by a Fire
or Hot Substance
Team
Sports
Motor Vehicle Related
Individual
Sports
Team Sports
Bicycle
Related
Individual
Sports
Falls
Bicycle Related
Other
Falls
Not
Applicable—I Was Not Injured
Other
Not Applicable—I Was Not Injured
30 Health and Health-Related Behaviors St. Cloud State University Students
Percent Who Report
Experiencing Within
Past 12 Who
Months
Percent
Report
Experiencing Within
1.1
Past 12 Months
5.1
1.1
1.1
5.1
6.6
1.1
6.6
6.6
1.3
6.6
13.6
1.3
10.5
13.6
68.0
10.5
68.0
Percent
Personal Safety and Financial Health
A
All Students
50.0
Other
Did Not Report Sexual Assault
Reported Sexual Assault
C
Percent
orSexual
mostAssault–
of the timeDomestic
while riding
the bicycle. More
Violence–
Students Who
Percent
Within Lifetime
e Not Experienced Within Lifetime
than one-half (53.8%) of St. Cloud
State students
Among
Sexual Assault/
28.9%
Sexual
Assault
Percent
omestic Violence
who rode a motorized two-wheeled
vehicle report
Victims
Who
Among
28.9%
Reported
Reported the
Sexual
Assault
they wear
a
helmet
always
or
most
of
the time
AssaultWho
Assault to*
Victims
Reported
Reported the
71.1%
42.9
Health
Care
while on
the vehicle.
Approximately
two in three
Assault
Assault
to*Provider
71.1%
Hall
Director
or
42.9
Carereport
Provider
(66.6%Community
) Health
students
texting sometimes,
most of
7.1
Adviser
Hall
Director
or
the time,
or always
while driving.
Campus
SexualAdviser
7.1
Community
17.9
Violence Office
Campus Sexual
21.4
Police
17.9
Violence Office
50.0
Other
21.4
Police
Transportation Safety—Past 12 Months
All Students
Transportation Safety—Past 12 Months
Percent
Percent
ual Assault Reporting by Victims—Lifetime
al Assault Victims Among students at St. Cloud State who rode a
xual13.7
Assault Reporting by Victims—Lifetime
ual Assault Victims bicycle, only 20.8% report wearing a helmet always
Gambling—Past 12 Months
All Students
2.6% 1.9%
Current Credit Card Debt
Nearly one in three (31.5%) St. Cloud State students
All Students
report carrying some level of credit card debt over the
21.8%
past month. Of those who carry a monthly credit card
4.8%
Amount Spent
39.4%
31.5%
57.9% the debt as $3,000 per month
balance, 33.6% report
15.8%
$1–$24
or more.
24.0%
41.3%
$100 or More
Definition:
Current Credit Card Debt
20.4%
Credit Card Debt
$1–$99
No Credit Card Debt—
Pay in Full Each Month
$100–$999
$1,000–$2,999
Do Not Have a Credit Card
64.8
29.2
6.0
$25–$99
9.6%
29.1%
Percent Amon
Students
Who Report
Gambling
More Than Once per Month
Once per Month
Any unpaid balance at the end of the
2–6 Times per Year
past month.
Once per Year
Never
$3,000–$4,999
$5,000 or More
Credit Card Debt and Class Status
Credit
Card Debt and Class Status
All
Students
The rate of monthly credit card debt of $3,000 or
All Students
more among St. Cloud State students is highest
Number of Years Enrolled
Number of Years Enrolled
20
20
17.4
17.4
Percent
Percent
15
15
12.4
12.4
10
10
5
5
0
0
among those enrolled five or more years (17.4%).
8.4
8.4
4.1
4.1
1
1
A monthly debt of $3,000 or more.
7.9
7.9
6.8
6.8
4
5+
4
5+
Master’s,
Master’s,
Graduate,
Graduate,
or
Professional
or Professional
Program
Program
Non-Degree
Non-Degree
Seeking
Seeking
The percentage of St. Cloud State students who report
All Students
39.7
39.7
30
30
Percent
Percent
a student loan balance of $20,000 or more increases
from 5.1% among students enrolled one year to
Number of Years Enrolled
Number of Years Enrolled
40
40
39.7% among students enrolled for four years.
36.2
36.2
35.5
35.5
Definition:
Student Loan Balance
20
20
10
10
0
0
Personal Safety and Financial Health
Student Loan Balance and Class Status
Student
All
StudentsLoan Balance and Class Status
Results
2
3
2
3
Undergraduate
Undergraduate
Definition:
Credit Card Debt
14.6
14.6
A student loan balance of $20,000 or more.
5.1
5.1
1
1
13.8
13.8
13.5
13.5
2
3
2
3
Undergraduate
Undergraduate
11.1
11.1
4
5+
4
5+
Master’s,
Master’s,
Graduate,
Graduate,
or
Professional
or Professional
Program
Program
Non-Degree
Non-Degree
Seeking
Seeking
Results
31
More than two-fifths (42.1%) of St. Cloud State
University students report engaging in gambling
Gambling—Past 12 Months
All Students
2.6% 1.9%
over the past 12-month period. Approximately
urrent Credit Card
oneDebt
in fourteen (4.5%) report gambling at least
Students
once a month. Of the 42.1% who gambled
4.8% spending
within the past year, 6.0% report
57.9%
$100 or more per month.
39.4%
31.5%
24.0%
20.4%
Credit Card Debt
$1–$99
No Credit Card Debt—
Pay in Full Each Month
$100–$999
$1,000–$2,999
Do Not Have a Credit Card
Amount Spent
15.8%
Percent Among
Students
Who Report
Gambling
$1–$24
$25–$99
41.3%
9.6%
29.1%
21.8%
$3,000–$4,999
Personal Safety and Financial Health
Results
$5,000 or More
32 Health and Health-Related Behaviors St. Cloud State University Students
$100 or More
More Than Once per Month
Once per Month
2–6 Times per Year
Once per Year
Never
64.8
29.2
6.0
Results
Nutrition and Physical Activity
For many students, the college years represent a time of new experiences and increased opportunities
to make personal health decisions. Some of these decisions encompass the areas of nutrition and
physical activity. Students are on their own, free to eat what they want, when they want. Busy academic
and social schedules can take priority over eating well and exercising regularly. Class and work schedules
vary from day to day and change every semester. Lifestyle changes, peer pressure, and limited finances
may lead to an increase in stress, triggering overeating that results in weight gain. In addition, the
steady availability of a wide variety of food, both nutritious and not so nutritious, can make wise food
choices difficult.
National Comparison
Research shows that young adults in the United States generally eat fewer fruits and vegetables but
are more physically active compared to older adults (CDC, 2011). Young adults between the ages of
18 and 24 (20.3%) are slightly less likely than all adults (23.4%) to eat fruits and vegetables five or more
times per day (CDC, 2011). Young adults between the ages of 18 and 27 report consuming breakfast
an average of 3.1 days per week and consuming fast food an average of 2.5 days per week (Niemeier,
2006). The rate of obesity among young adults ages 18 to 24 is 17.7% (CDC, 2011).
Nationwide, 82.1% of young adults between the ages of 18 and 24 compared to 76.2% of all adults
report participating in at least one physical activity during the last month (CDC, 2011). Approximately
three out of five (61.4%) 18- to 24-year-olds report engaging in at least 30 minutes of moderate physical
activity five or more days per week or at least 20 minutes of vigorous physical activity three or more
days per week; for all adults, the rate is 51.0% (CDC, 2011).
Results
Nutrition and Physical Activity
33
BMI Category
All Students
BMI Category
All Students
Body mass index (BMI) is a common and reliable
indicator of body fatness (CDC, 2007). BMI equals
W
A
W
4.0%
A
4.0%
BMI Category
All Students
16.4%
16.4% 4.0%
weight in kilograms divided by height in meters
50.9%
categories based on BMI ranges.
28.7%
16.4%
28.7%
More than two-fifths (45.1%) of students at
28.7%
50.9%
squared (BMI = kg/m2). This table presents weight
50.9%
St. Cloud State University fall within the overweight
or obese/extremely obese category. This is based
on self-reported height and weight.
BMI Range
Weight Category
Less
18.5
BMIThan
Range
Underweight
Weight Category
18.5–24.9
Less Than 18.5
Normal
Weight
Underweight
25.0–29.9
18.5–24.9
BMI
Range
30.0–39.9
25.0–29.9
Less
Than 18.5
Overweight
Normal Category
Weight
Weight
Obese
Overweight
Underweight
40.0
and Greater Extremely
Obese
30.0–39.9
Obese Weight
18.5–24.9
Normal
40.0
and
Greater
Extremely
25.0–29.9
OverweightObese
Underweight
30.0–39.9
Obese
Normal
Weight
Underweight
40.0 and Greater Extremely Obese
Overweight
Normal Weight
Obese/Extremely
Obese
Overweight
Underweight
Obese/Extremely Obese
Normal Weight
W
BA
UB
UU
In
U
B
I
U
U
I
Overweight
Obese/Extremely Obese
Bin
All
Bi
Al
the average BMI for female St. Cloud State students
is 25.1. For both male and female students, this
average falls in the overweight category. More
than one in two (52.3%) males and about two in
five (40.7%) females fall within the overweight or
obese/extremely obese category.
Bi
Al
All Students by Gender
60
BMI
60 Category
All50Students by Gender
50
40
60
40
30
50
30
20
40
20
5.5
10
30 1.5
5.5
10
0
1.5
20 Underweight
0
Underweight
5.5
10
53.8
46.2 53.8
46.2
37.2
53.8
37.2
46.2
23.4
37.2
1.5
0
Percent
Percent Percent
index for male St. Cloud State students is 26.0, and
BMI Category
All Students by Gender
BMI Category
Percent
Percent Percent
Data analysis shows that the average body mass
Results
Underweight
23.4
Normal
Weight
Normal
Weight
Males
Overweight
Males
Normal
Weight
Females
Overweight
Males
Females
15.1 17.3
15.1 17.3
Obese/
23.4 Extremely
Obese
Overweight
Obese/
17.3
15.1
Extremely Obese
Females
Obese/
Extremely Obese
Bi
All
B
0
34 Health and Health-Related Behaviors St. Cloud State University Students
Pills
Use Laxatives
All StudentsUse DietMales
All Students
Use Laxatives
Males
Use Diet Pills
All Students
Males
Percent
Percent Percent
4.5 4.5
4.2 4.2
4.2
8.5 8.5
8.5
8.0 8.0
Use Diet Pills
4.5
Use Laxatives
4.3 4.3
0
2
4.3
2
04
8.0
4
26
8.3 8.3
6
48
8.3
8
6
10
3.3 3.3
similar rates.
All Students by Gender
8
3.3
Males and females engage in these behaviors at
10
Weight-Related
Behaviors
10
4.5 4.5
laxative use, diet pill use, and induced vomiting.
A
All Students by Gender
4.5
activities in an attempt to control their weight:
3.8 3.8
to report their engagement in any of the following
B
Weight-Related Behaviors
All Students by Gender
Weight-Related Behaviors
3.8
Students at St. Cloud State University were asked
Percent
Percent Percent
Nutrition and Physical Activity
A
Induce Vomiting
Induce
Vomiting
Females
Females
Induce Vomiting
Females
M
A
M
A
All Students by BMI Category
80
7.1Percent 11.3
Overweight
6.9
3.3
5.3
4.6
Obese/Extremely
3.0
5.3 Obese 4.6
7.1
11.3
6.9
Overweight
3.3
5.3
Obese/Extremely Obese 4.6
Overweight
Underweight
Normal Weight
Obese/Extremely Obese
Binge-Eating Behavior—Past 12 Months
Binge-Eating
Behavior—Past 12 Months
20
All Students by Gender
17.7
Binge-Eating
Behavior—Past 12 Months
15
20
Female
0.3
Femal
0.3
Female
5
10
15
05
10
5
0
0
5 or More Times Per Day
students reportAllthey
engaged
in Category
binge eating over
Students
by BMI
5 20
or More Times Per Day
19.9
All Students by BMI Category
19.5
Fruit and Vegetable Consumption—
15
20More Times Per Day
5 or
19.9
14.1
All Students by BMI Category
17.7
14.1
All Students
Males
All Students
Females
Males
All Students
Females
Males
14.3
10
15
20
14.3
5
10
15
05
10 Underweight
5
Females
0
0
Binge-Eating Behavior—Past 12 Months
Underweight
14.3
Overweight
15.3
Ob
Extrem
Overweight
Obe
Extremel
Normal
Weight
3.
Daily Sweetened Beverage Consumption
17.2
Daily Sweetened Beverage Consumption
All15Students
19.7
17.2
Normal
Weight
Overweight
Obese/
Extremely Obese
Normal
Weight
Overweight
Obese/
Extremely Obese
Normal
Weight
Overweight
Obese/
Extremely Obese
9
12
15
6
9
12
3
6
9
0
3
6
3
ng
0
Meal Patterns
All Students by BMI Category
0
11.5
14.9
11.5
14.9
4.9
4.
11.5
Regular Soda
4.9
Sports
Drinks
Regular Soda
4.9Drinks
Sports
Regular Soda
Sports Drinks
Coffee Drinks
with Sugar
4
Other Sw
Beve
(e.g., Ene
Coffee Drinks
with Sugar
Other4.5
S
Bev
(e.g., Ene
Coffee Drinks
with Sugar
Results
Daily Regular Soda Consumption
Meal Patterns
All Students by BMI Category
Behavior
14.9
12
Daily
15 Sweetened Beverage Consumption
All Students
Percent Percent
17.1
ting
Normal
Weight
3
All Students
17.1
Underweight
obese.
Percent
Percent Percent
Percent
17.2
14.3
0
Obe
Extreme
underweight, normal weight or obese/extremely
19.7
19.7
14.3
Underweight
Overweight
15.3
All Students by BMI Category
Percent
Nutrition and Physical Activity
All Students by BMI Category
0
Normal
Weight
in binge eating than students classified as
17.1
Binge-Eating
Behavior—Past
12 Months
15
20
5
Underweight
3
Results
All Students by BMI Category
05
10 Underweight
15.3
as overweight report a higher rate of engaging
Binge-Eating
Behavior—Past 12 Months
20
5
10
15
19.5
St. Cloud State University students classified
All Students by BMI Category
10
15
20
19.5
14.3
bese
4.2
0.3
Fruit and Vegetable Consumption—
the past 12 months.
14.1
17.7
19.9
Percent Percent
10
15
20
3
4.2
84.7
Consumption—
More than oneFruit
out ofand
six (Vegetable
17.7%) St. Cloud
State
Percent
Percent
Percent Percent
All Students by Gender
ese
ng
84.7
15.0
All Students by Gender
.3
ese
15.0
Percent Percent
9.6
0.0
Use
Diet
Pills
4.8
Behavior
Underweight
Induce Vomiting
9.6
Use Laxatives Normal Weight
0.0
Use Diet Pills
4.8
Underweight
Induce Vomiting Normal Weight
9.6
Induce
Vomiting
Use Laxatives
4.6
6.9
4.6
4.6
All Students by 15.6
Gender
16.6
St. Cloud State University
students in the
60
80
overweight category
report 83.1
the highest rates of80.4
100
40
15.6
16.6
laxative use and diet
Underweight students
60 pill use.
80
at St. Cloud State20
University
report the highest80.4
rate
83.1
40
of induced vomiting.
1.3
3.0
60
0
20
All Students
Males
40
1.3
3.0
5 or More
Times per Day
0
1–4 Times
per Day
All Students
Males
20
0 Times per Day
5 or More
1.3
3.0 Times per Day
0
1–4
Times
All Students
Malesper Day
0 Times per Day
5 or More Times per Day
1–4 Times per Day
0 Times per Day
Percent
3.0
5.3
7.1 Percent
11.3
3.3
5.3
3.0
5.3
All Students by BMI Category
Use
Diet Pills
4.8
Behavior
15.0
16.6
83.1
Fruit
Consumption—Per
Day84.7
80.4
100 and Vegetable
Percent
Weight-Related
Behaviors
Use Laxatives
0.0
se
3
15.6
All Students by BMI Category
Behavior
t
ory
ese
All Students by Gender
Weight-Related Behaviors
ry
ht
y
se
Fruit
100 and Vegetable Consumption—Per Day
35
Other Sw
Bever
(e.g., Ener
Underweight St. Cloud State students report the
highest rates of never eating breakfast within the
Meal Patterns
All Students by BMI Category
past seven days and of fast-food consumption
once per week or more within the past 12 months.
Behavior
Obese/extremely obese students report the
Breakfast Consumption (Past 7 Days)
highest rate of eating at a restaurant once a week
0 Days per Week
or more within the past 12 months.
1–3 Days per Week
Percent
9.6
42.8
47.6
4–7 Days per Week
4.5
23.8
71.7
9.2
25.0
65.8
3.4
27.6
69.0
47.6
52.4
61.0
39.0
53.9
46.1
50.6
49.4
71.4
28.6
65.8
34.2
66.4
33.6
58.6
41.4
Fast Food Consumption (Past 12 Months)
1–2 Times per Month or Less
Once per Week or More
Eat at Restaurant (Past 12 Months)
1–2 Times per Month or Less
Once per Week or More
Underweight
Normal Weight
Overweight
Obese/Extremely Obese
Fruit and Vegetable Consumption—Per Day
All Students by Gender
ght-Related Behaviors
udents by BMI Category
0.0
3.0
5.3
4.6
vegetables
five
or
more
times
per
day.
4.8
7.1
11.3
6.9 Based on
the9.6
reported 3.3
number
of5.3
times per day
4.6 fruits and
Percent
Laxatives
Diet Pills
ce
Vomiting
vior
vegetables
are
consumed,
Laxatives
0.0
3.0
5.3an average
4.6 number of
Overweight
Underweight
times
can be calculated.
Male
Diet Pills
4.8per day7.1
11.3
6.9 students at
Normal Weight
Obese/Extremely Obese
ce Vomiting
5.3 and vegetables
4.6
the9.6
university3.3
consume fruits
on
All Students by Gender
80
Percent
ight-Related Behaviors
fruits and vegetables one to four times per day.
vior
Percent
udents by BMI Category
Only 15.6% of all students consume fruits and
100
15.6
Fruit and Vegetable
Consumption—Per
Day15.0
16.6
Percent
A majority of St. Cloud State students consume
average 3.1 times per day, and female students
100
60
80
40
83.1
80.4
84.7
15.6
16.6
15.0
83.1
80.4
84.7
1.3
3.0
0.3
All Students
Males
Females
60
20
40
0
20
Overweight
Underweight
consume them
on average 3.2
times per day.
Normal Weight
Obese/Extremely
Obese
5 or More Times per Day
0.3
3.0per Day
1–4 Times
0 Times
per Day
Males
Females
1.3
0
All Students
Results
5 or More Times per Day
1–4 Times per Day
0 Times per Day
e-Eating Behavior—Past 12 Months
Nutrition and Physical Activity
dents by Gender
Across all BMI categories, the majority of St. Cloud
e-Eating Behavior—Past
12 eat
Months
State students
less than the
19.9recommended
17.7
17.7
amount of fruits and vegetables per day. Only 3.4%
of obese/extremely
obese students eat fruits and
14.1
vegetables five or more times19.9
per day.
All Students by BMI Category
20 and Vegetable Consumption—
Fruit
5 or More Times Per 19.5
Day
All Students by BMI Category
15
Percent
dents by Gender
Fruit and Vegetable Consumption—
5 or More Times Per Day
14.1
14.3
20
19.5
10
All Students
All Students
Males
Males
Females
Females
Percent
15
5
14.3
0
5
0
Underweight
Underweight
36 Health and Health-Related Behaviors St. Cloud State University Students
e-Eating Behavior—Past 12 Months
udents by BMI Category
15.3
10
Normal
Weight
Normal
Weight
Overweight
15.3
Overweight
3.4
Obese/
Extremely Obese
3.4
Obese/
Extremely Obese
Daily
Daily Sweetened
Sweetened Beverage
Beverage Consumption
Consumption
All Students
Students were asked to report their consumption of
Screen
Screen Time—Moderate
Time—Moderate to
to High
High Level
Level
All Students
higher rates of daily consumption coffee drinks with
15
15
12
12
Percent
Percent
99
All
by
Category
sweetened beverages.
St. Cloud
State
students report
All Students
Students
by BMI
BMI
Category
14.9
14.9
sugar (14.9%) andScreen
regular
soda (11.5%) than of
time levels—zero, low, moderate, and high—were
Screen time levels—zero, low, moderate, and high—were
determined
based
on
question
determined
based
on aa survey
survey
question that
that asked
asked respon
respon
sports drinks (4.9%
and other
sweetened
beverages
to)report
the average
number
of hours they watch TV or u
11.5
11.5
to report the average number of hours they watch TV or u
computer
or
device
computer
or handheld
handheld
device in
in the
the course
course of
of aa day:
day:
including energy drinks
(4.5%
).
Zero
Zero Screen
Screen Time:
Time: 0.0
0.0 Hours
Hours of
of Viewing
Viewing
Low
Level:
0.5–1.5
Hours
per
Low Level: 0.5–1.5 Hours per Day
Day
Moderate
Moderate Level:
Level: 2.0–3.5
2.0–3.5 Hours
Hours per
per Day
Day
High
Level:
4.0
or
More
Hours
per
High Level: 4.0 or More Hours per Day
Day
66
4.9
4.9
33
Regular
Regular Soda
Soda
Sports
Sports Drinks
Drinks
100
100
Other
Other Sweetened
Sweetened
Beverages
Beverages
(e.g.,
Energy
(e.g., Energy Drinks)
Drinks)
Coffee
Coffee Drinks
Drinks
with
with Sugar
Sugar
40
40
00 soda is highest among
consumption of regular
Underweight
Underweight
Normal
Normal
underweight students. It should be notedWeight
that the
Weight
25
25
Percent
Percent
60
60
Among St. Cloud State students, the level of daily
All Students by BMI Category
Overweight
Overweight
O
O
Extre
Extre
number of students who consume regular soda on
23.8
23.8
a daily basis does not reflect the actual quantity of
soda consumed per day.
15
15
10
10
11.9
11.9
55
00
89.4
89.4
89.2
89.2
20
20
Daily
Daily Regular
Regular Soda
Soda Consumption
Consumption
All Students by BMI Category
20
20
90.5
90.5
80
80
Percent
Percent
00
4.5
4.5
Underweight
Underweight
Normal
Normal
Weight
Weight
12.6
12.6
8.6
8.6
Overweight
Overweight
Obese/
Obese/
Extremely
Extremely Obese
Obese
Results
Physical Activity Level
Based on their response to the two questions,
All Students
students were classified into one of four physical
activity levels (zero, low, moderate, or high). The
moderate and high classifications meet the CDC’s
The Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention’s recommendations
for adults are to:
them in the moderate or high classification, meeting
• Engage in moderate-intensity
physical activity for at least
30 minutes on five or more
days of the week or
• Engage in vigorous-intensity
physical activity for at least
20 minutes on three or more
days per week (CDC, 2008).
Zero
Low
11.6%
35.7%
Nutrition and Physical Activity
Students were asked several questions related to their physical
activity level. The two survey questions that relate to
recommendations outlined by the Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention (CDC) are:
In the past seven days, how many hours did you spend doing the
following activities?
• Strenuous exercise (heart beats rapidly)
• Moderate exercise (not exhausting)
recommended level of physical activity.
More than one-half (54.5%) of St. Cloud State
students report levels of physical activity that place
the CDC’s recommendations.
23.9%
28.8%
Moderate
High
Results
37
nts by BMI Category
Average BMI
nd Vegetable Consumption—
More Times Per Day
All Students by Physical Activity Level and Gender
19.5
ents by BMI Category
average
BMI tends to decrease as physical activity
19.5
level increases. BMI is lowest among female
students with a high level of physical activity.
15.3
3.4
14.3
nderweight
Normal
Weight
Underweight
Normal
Weight
Overweight
15.3
Overweight
Obese/
Extremely Obese
3.4
30
Average
BMI
All Students by Physical Activity Level and Gender
25
26.3
Average BMI
Average BMI
For both male and female St. Cloud State students,
14.3
15
25
26.3
10
20
25.6
25.4
20
30
25.6
25.4
0
10
Obese/
Extremely Obese
Low
Among St. Cloud State students, obese/extremely
obese students report a slightly higher rate
Males
Low
or handheld device (not for work or school) two
4.9
4.5
hours or more per day. Among all students, 0.0%
Moderate
Coffee Drinks Other Sweetened
4.9screen time,
of
28.0% report
a moderate level
Beverages
with Sugar
4.5
(e.g., Energy Drinks)
Percent
Results
egular Soda Consumption
nts by BMI Category
ents by BMI Category
23.8
90.5
80
40
40
0
Underweight
Underweight
12.6
11.9
8.6
12.6
11.9
nderweight
Normal
Weight
Underweight
Normal
Weight
Overweight
8.6
Overweight
93.1
89.2
89.4
93.1
60
20
0
23.8
Females
100
60
20
Regular Soda Consumption
Nutrition and Physical Activity
Percent
of screen time, and 61.8% report a high level of
Other Sweetened
Beverages
(e.g., Energy Drinks)
High
100Low Level: 0.5–1.5 Hours per Day
Moderate Level: 2.0–3.5 Hours per Day
Hours per Day 89.4
90.54.0 or More89.2
80High Level:
report zero screen time, 10.2% report a low level
Sports Drinks
screen
Sports
Drinkstime.
Coffee Drinks
with Sugar
Females
Zero Screen
Time: 0.0 Hours
Viewing and high—were
Screen
time levels—zero,
low,ofmoderate,
determined
based on
a survey
question that asked respondents
Low Level: 0.5–1.5
Hours
per Day
to report the average number of hours they watch TV or use a
ModerateorLevel:
2.0–3.5
Hours
computer
handheld
device
in per
theDay
course of a day:
High
Level:
4.0
or
More
Hours
per
Day
Zero Screen Time: 0.0 Hours of Viewing
students report watching TV or using a computer
Regular Soda
High
Screen Time—Moderate to High Level
nearly nine in 14.9
ten (89.8%) St. Cloud State University
egular Soda
24.4
Screen
time levels—zero,
low, moderate, and high—were
All Students
by BMI Category
determined based on a survey question that asked respondents
to report the average number of hours they watch TV or use a
computer or handheld device in the course of a day:
students. Additional data analysis shows that
11.5
26.0
All Students by BMI Category
14.9
underweight, normal weight, and overweight
11.5
24.4
Screen Time—Moderate to High Level
Sweetened Beverage
Consumption
of moderate
to high screen time compared to
ents
25.6
Moderate
5
Males
weetened Beverage Consumption
26.0
5
15
0
nts
25.6
Obese/
Extremely Obese
Obese/
Extremely Obese
38 Health and Health-Related Behaviors St. Cloud State University Students
Normal
Weight
Normal
Weight
Overweight
Overweight
Obese/
Extremely Obese
Obese/
Extremely Obese
Results
Sexual Health
College is a time of great transition. With its increase in freedom and decision-making opportunities,
this transitional period poses many challenges for students. Some of the most important decisions
facing college students concern sexual health. Choices relating to sexual behavior have the potential
for significant, and oftentimes long-term, consequences. So important is the issue of sexual health that
Healthy People 2020 states that improving sexual health is crucial to eliminating health disparities,
reducing rates of infectious diseases and infertility, and increasing educational attainment, career
opportunities, and financial stability (USDHHS, 2011).
National Comparison
The majority of young adults in the United States are sexually active. Among males, 60.9% of 18- to 19year-olds and 70.3% of 20- to 24-year-olds report that they have engaged in vaginal intercourse within
their lifetime, 59.4% of 18- to 19-year-olds and 73.5% of 20- to 24-year-olds report that they received
oral sex from a partner of the opposite sex within their lifetime, and 9.7% of 18- to 19-year-olds and
23.7% of 20- to 24-year-olds report that they engaged in insertive anal intercourse within their lifetime
(Herbenick et al, 2010). Among females, 64.0% of 18- to 19- year-olds and 85.6% of 20- to 24-year-olds
report that they have engaged in vaginal intercourse within their lifetime, 62.0% of 18- to 19-year-olds
and 79.7% of 20- to 24-year-olds report that they received oral sex from a partner of the opposite sex
within their lifetime, and 20.0% of 18- to 19-year-olds and 39.9% of 20- to 24-year-olds report that
they engaged in anal intercourse within their lifetime (Herbenick et al, 2010). During their most recent
vaginal intercourse event, 42.6% of 18- to 24-year-old males and 36.7% of 18- to 24-year-old females
used a condom (Sanders et al, 2010).
Due to a combination of behavioral, biological, and cultural reasons, sexually active young adults
are at increased risk for acquiring sexually transmitted infections (STIs) (CDC, 2012). The higher
prevalence of STIs among young adults reflects multiple barriers to accessing quality STI prevention
services, including lack of health insurance or ability to pay, lack of transportation, and concerns
Results
about confidentiality (CDC, 2012). Among all males, 20- to 24-year-olds have the highest rate of
chlamydia (1,343.3 cases per 100,000 people), gonorrhea (450.6 cases per 100,000 people), and
syphilis (23.4 cases per 100,000 people) (CDC, 2012). Among all females, 20- to 24-year-olds have the
Sexual Health
highest rates of chlamydia (3,722.5 cases per 100,000 people), gonorrhea (584.2 cases per 100,000
people), and syphilis (3.8 cases per 100,000 people) (CDC, 2012).
39
Female students attending St. Cloud State University
report higher rates of sexual activity within their
lifetime and within the past 12 months compared to
All Students by Gender
100
100
100
80
80
80
60
60
60
40
40
40
20
20
20
0
0
0
Percent
Percent
Percent
male students.
Sexually
Active—Lifetime
and
Active—Lifetime
andPast
Past12
12Months
Months
AllSexually
Students by
Gender
All StudentsActive—Lifetime
by Gender
Sexually
and Past 12 Months
More than three in four (78.8%) students report
that they had zero or one partner within the past
Results
more than four in five (83.2%) report that their
most recent sexual partner was either a
fiancé(e)/spouse or an exclusive dating partner.
Percent
Percent
Percent
60
60
60
50
50
50
40
40
40
30
30
30
20 26.8
20 26.8
20 26.8
10
10
10
0
0
0
0
0
0
Within Past 12 Months
Within Past 12 Months
Within Past 12 Months
Females
Males
Females
Males
Females
Males
52.0
52.0
52.0
7.8
7.8
7.8
1
1
1
4.6
4.6
4.6
2.9
2.9
2.9
2
4
3
2
4
3
Number
2Numberofof
4
3Partners
Partners
Number of Partners
1.7
1.7
1.7
5
5
5
4.2
4.2
4.2
6+
6+
6+
Most
Sexual
MostRecent
Recent
SexualPartner—Past
Partner—Past12
12Months
Months
Sexually
Active
Students
SexuallyRecent
Active Students
Most
Sexual Partner—Past 12 Months
Sexually Active Students
0.5%
1.6%
1.6% 0.5%
1.6% 0.5%
4.24%.2%
4.2% .%5%.5%
1.0510
10
Sexual Health
were sexually active within the past 12 months,
Within Lifetime
Within Lifetime
Within Lifetime
All Students
All Students
All Students
77.0
77.0
72.6
72.6 65.0
72.6 65.0 77.0
65.0
All Students
who were sexually active in the past 12 months had
Among St. Cloud State University students who
82.8
82.8
82.8
Number
of Sexual Partners—Past 12 Months
AllNumber
Students of Sexual Partners—Past 12 Months
All Studentsof Sexual Partners—Past 12 Months
Number
12 months. On average, St. Cloud State students
2.9 sexual partners over the past 12-month period.
78.5
78.5 71.4
78.5 71.4
71.4
36.0%
36.0%
36.0%
47.2%
47.2%
47.2%
Condom
Use
40 Health and Health-Related Behaviors St. Cloud State University
Students
Condom
Sexually
ActiveUse
Students Within Lifetime
Sexually
Active
Students
Within
Condom
Use
(Does Not Include
Those Who
AreLifetime
Married or
Fiancé(e)/Spouse
Fiancé(e)/Spouse
Exclusive
Dating Partner
Fiancé(e)/Spouse
Exclusive Dating Partner
Exclusive
Dating Partner
Close but Not
Close but
Not Partner
Exclusive
Dating
Exclusive
Close
but Dating
Not Partner
Casual
Acquaintance
Exclusive
Dating Partner
Casual Acquaintance
Casual Acquaintance
Stranger
Stranger
Stranger
Other
Other
Other
(Does
Not
Include
Those Within
Who Are
Married or
Sexually
Active
Students
Lifetime
With
a Domestic
Partner)
With aNot
Domestic
(Does
IncludePartner)
Those Who Are Married or
With a Domestic Partner)
Emergency Contraception Use—Past 12 Mont
Condom Use
Among St. Cloud Sexually
State students
sexually
active
Active Female
Students
Sexually Active Students Within Lifetime
(Does Not Include Those Who Are Married or
With a Domestic Partner)
59.9
13.5
1.4
85.1
30.0
Percent
80
2.0
68.0
60
0.3
39.8
40
intercourse, and 13.5% used a condom during their
last oral sex experience. Percents are based solely
78.5% in the activity.
on those who indicated they engaged
8.7
%
54.3
28.3%
Data analysis shows that of the 78.5% of St. Cloud
20
0
2.2%
used a condom during the last time21.1%
they had anal
6.5%
100
within their lifetime, 59.9% used a condom the last
0.4%
time they engaged in vaginal
intercourse, 30.0%
Vaginal Intercourse
Anal Intercourse
Oral Sex
Used Condom
State students who report
sexually
active
Usedbeing
Emergency
Contraception
1 Time
Did Notengaged
Use
within their lifetime, 94.4%
in vaginal
2 Times
Emergency Contraception
3 Times
intercourse, 89.4% engaged
in oral sex, and 31.0%
Don’t Know
4 Times
engaged in anal intercourse.
Don’t Know
5+ Times
Did Not Use Condom
Pregnancy Prevention Methods
The two most common methods that St. Cloud
Sexually Active Students Within Lifetime
Transmitted
Infection Diagnosis—
State studentsSexually
report using
to prevent pregnancy
Lifetime and Past 12 Months
All Students
the last time they
engaged in vaginal intercourse
50
Percent
40
are condoms (41.5%) and birth control pills
41.5
30
20
10
0
Condoms
Birth Control
Pills
Type of Method
Percent Who Report
(40.8%). Use Sexually
of the withdrawal
Transmittedmethod
Infectionis reported Being Diagnosed
by 14.6% of St.
Cloud
State
University
students. 3.4
Chlamydia
1.2
40.8
14.6
5.3
Withdrawal
Intrauterine
Device
Percent Who Report
Using Method
Depo-Provera
Emergency Contraception
Fertility Awareness
Diaphragm
Other
Don’t Know/Can’t Remember
Unintended Pregnancy Outcome—
Past 12 Months
All Students
Within Past 12 Months
Results
4.0%
0.0%
2.8
Sexual Health
Ortho Evra
Within Lifetime
0.2
1.0
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
Results
2.9
2.6
2.2
1.9
0.5
0.5
7.2
1.0
NuvaRing
Other methods
of pregnancy
Genital
Herpes prevention reported 1.9
Genital
Warts/HPV
2.4
by students are
identified
in the table.
Gonorrhea
0.2
HIV/AIDS
Among St. Cloud State students, 8.2% report not 0.5
Pubic Lice
1.2
using any method of pregnancy prevention the last
0.2
Syphilis
time they engaged in vaginal intercourse.
At Least One of the Above
Sexually Transmitted Infections
8.9
41
1
4.2
5
st Recent Sexual
Partner—Past
12 Months
students
has been involved
in a pregnancy
ally Active Students
within the past 12 months. Of those
involved in a pregnancy, 33.3% state it was
33.3%
Unintended Pregnancy Outcome—
Past 12 Months
66.7%
96.0%
4.0%
0.0%Involved
Exclusive Dating Partner
Recent Sexual
Partner—Past
Months
parenting, 28.6%12
resulted
in miscarriage,
36.0%
Close but Not
Datingand
Partner
42.9% resultedExclusive
in abortion,
14.3% are
Casual Acquaintance
Involved
in Pregnancy
Stranger
4.2% %
.5
Other
Fiancé(e)/Spouse
Not Involved
in Pregnancy
Don’t Know
Exclusive Dating Partner
36.0%
Close but Not
Exclusive Dating Partner
Casual Acquaintance
47.2%
42.8%
Birth
and Parenting
Miscarriage
Abortion
3%
14.
4.2% %
.5
10
Not Involved
33.3%
in Pregnancy
Don’t
Know
66.7%
96.0%
Fiancé(e)/Spouse
still pregnant.
Unintentional
Intentional
in Pregnancy
pregnancies, 14.3% resulted in birth and
47.2%
1.6% 0.5%
28.6%
All Students
unintentional. Among the unintentional
Active Students
3%
14.
A total of 4.0% of St. Cloud State University
1.6% 0.5%
4.0%
0.0%
6+
14
.3%
1.7
2
4
3
Number of Partners
1
0
2.9
14
.3%
4.6
28.6%
Unintentional
Intentional
Still
Pregnant
42.8%
Birth
and Parenting
Miscarriage
Abortion
Still Pregnant
Stranger
Other
m Use
Analysis shows that within the past 12 months,
Active Students Within
Lifetime
21.1%
of sexually active female students at
ot Include Those Who Are Married or
omestic Partner) St. Cloud State University have used emergency
Sexually Active Female Students
0.4%
21.1%
Sexually Active Female Students
0.3
39.8
2.0
68.0
Anal Intercourse
Did Not Use
Emergency Contraception
Don’t78.5%
Know
%
1 Time
2 Times
28.3%
54.3%
3 Times
4 Times
5+ Times
Did Not Use Condom
Results
Sexual Health
sexually
active within their lifetime, 8.9% report
Don’t
Know
Did
Notdiagnosed
Use Condom
being
with a sexually transmitted
12 months. Chlamydia is the STI most commonly
Condoms
Birth Control
Pills
infection (STI) within their lifetime and 2.8%
40.8
report being diagnosed with an STI within the past
Used Emergency Contraception
1 Time
Did Not Use
Emergency Contraception
2 Times
4 Times
Sexually Transmitted Infection Diagnosis—
Lifetime and Past 12 Months
5+ Times
All Students
Sexually Transmitted Infection
Syphilis
1.2
0.2
1.0
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
At Least One of the Above
Sexually Transmitted Infections
8.9
2.8
Genital Herpes
Genital Warts/HPV
past 12 months.
Gonorrhea
5.3
Withdrawal
Intrauterine
Device
Percent Who Report
Using Method
Percent Who Report
Being Diagnosed
3.4
1.9
2.4
0.2
0.5
1.2
0.2
Chlamydia
diagnosed within students’ lifetimes and within the
14.6
3 Times
Don’t Know
HIV/AIDS
Pubic Lice
2.9
Depo-Provera
2.6
Emergency Contraception
2.2
Fertility Awareness
1.9
Diaphragm
0.5
Ortho Evra
0.5
42 Health and Health-Related Behaviors
St. Cloud State University Students
Other
7.2
1.0
Don’t Know/Can’t Remember
NuvaRing
8.7
Don’t Know
Oral Sex
ally Active Students Within Lifetime
Among
St.
Cloud
State
students who have been
Used Condom
Type of Method
2.2%
Used Condom
nal Intercourse
Anal Intercourse
gnancy
Prevention
Methods
41.5
0.4%
Used Emergency Contraception
Oral Sex
54.3%
28.3%
78.5%
6.5%
aginal Intercourse
%
21.1%
13.5
1.4
85.1
30.0
8.7
Emergency Contraception Use—Past 12 Months
mestic Partner)
0.3
39.8
59.9
2.2%
6.5%
contraception. Among those who used
13.5
emergency
have used
59.9
30.0 contraception, 54.3%
1.4
it once, 28.3% have used 85.1
it twice, and 17.4%
Use
2.0
tive Students Withinused
Lifetime
it at least three times.
68.0or
nclude Those Who Are Married
Emergency Contraception Use—Past 12 Months
Within Lifetime
Within Past 12 Months
Implications
Healthy individuals make better
students, and better students
make healthier communities.
Results from the 2013 College Student Health Survey presented in this report document the health and
health-related behaviors of students enrolled in the participating institutions. These data, therefore,
offer a comprehensive look at the diseases, health conditions, and health-related behaviors that are
impacting students attending postsecondary schools in Minnesota. Identification of these health-related
issues is critical because the health of college students in Minnesota affects not only their academic
achievement but also the overall health of our society.
While it is intuitively obvious that health conditions can affect academic performance, the link to overall
societal health is more subtle but no less profound. Given that there are now more students enrolled
in postsecondary institutions than in high schools, that college students help set the norms of behavior
for our society and serve as role models for younger students, that college students are establishing and
solidifying lifestyles and behaviors that will stay with them for the rest of their lives, and that obtaining
a college degree is one of the major determinants of future health and economic status, the importance
and the impact of the health of college students on our society becomes evident.
Implications
43
44 Health and Health-Related Behaviors St. Cloud State University Students
Appendix 1
Colleges and Universities Participating in the 2013 College Student Health Survey
School
Location
Enrollment—Spring 2013*
Anoka Technical College
Anoka, MN
Anoka-Ramsey Community College
Cambridge, MN
Coon Rapids, MN
3,366
12,256
Bemidji State University
Bemidji, MN
Carleton College
Northfield, MN
Central Lakes College
Brainerd, MN
Staples, MN
Concordia University, St. Paul
St. Paul, MN
Fond du Lac Tribal and Community College
Cloquet, MN
Itasca Community College
Grand Rapids, MN
Lake Superior College
Duluth, MN
M State
Detroit Lakes, MN
Fergus Falls, MN
Moorhead, MN
Wadena, MN
eCampus
Mesabi Range Community & Technical College
Eveleth, MN
Virginia, MN
2,345
Metropolitan State University
Minneapolis, MN
St. Paul, MN
11,379
Minneapolis Community & Technical College
Minneapolis, MN
Minnesota School of Business–Blaine
Blaine, MN
Minnesota School of Business–Elk River
Elk River, MN
Minnesota State University Moorhead
Moorhead, MN
Minnesota West Community & Technical College
Canby, MN
Granite Falls, MN
Jackson, MN
Pipestone, MN
Worthington, MN
14,072
488
351
8,772
5,264
Northwest Technical College
Bemidji, MN
Pine Technical College
Pine City, MN
Rainy River Community College
International Falls, MN
Southwest Minnesota State University
Marshall, MN
St. Cloud State University
St. Cloud, MN
The College of St. Scholastica
Brainerd, MN
Duluth, MN
Rochester, MN
St. Cloud, MN
St. Paul, MN
University of Minnesota–Crookston
Crookston, MN
University of Minnesota–Duluth
Duluth, MN
University of Minnesota–Morris
Morris, MN
University of Minnesota–Rochester
Rochester, MN
University of Minnesota–Twin Cities
Minneapolis, MN
St. Paul, MN
Vermilion Community College
Ely, MN
6,645
1,991
6,253
2,941
2,888
1,612
8,982
9,063
2,361
1,849
452
7,909
20,895
3,912
2,300
10,735
1,784
377
49,180
976
*Includes full-time and part-time students.
Appendix 1 References
Carleton College. (2013). About Carleton. Retrieved April 17, 2013, from http://apps.carleton.edu/admissions/about/.
Concordia University. (2012). Facts & statistics. Retrieved April 17, from http://www.csp.edu/about-concordia/facts-statistics/.
Minnesota State Colleges and Universities. (2013). Colleges and universities. Retrieved April 17, 2013, from
http://www.mnscu.edu/collegesearch/index.php/institution/.
The College of St. Scholastica. (2013). Spring 2013 enrollment report. Retrieved April 17, 2013, from
http://www2.css.edu/resources/IR/Spring2013Enrollment.pdf.
University of Minnesota. (2013). Official enrollment statistics: Spring 2013. Retrieved April 17, 2013, from
http://www.oir.umn.edu/student/enrollment/term/1133/current/12544.
Appendices
45
Appendix 2
St. Cloud State University Students Survey Demographics Based on Student Response
Average Age (Years)
Age Range (Years)
18–24 Years
25 Years or Older
Average GPA
All Students
25.3
18–57
63.4%
36.6%
3.35
Class Status
Undergraduate—Enrolled One Year
Undergraduate—Enrolled Two Years
Undergraduate—Enrolled Three Years
Undergraduate—Enrolled Four Years
Undergraduate—Enrolled Five or More Years
Master’s, Graduate, or Professional Program
Non-Degree Seeking
Unspecified
11.3%
12.2%
13.9%
13.9%
13.0%
23.4%
11.9%
0.4%
Gender
Male
Female
Transgender
Other
Unspecified
37.5%
62.3%
0.2%
0.0%
0.0%
Ethnic Origin
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian/Pacific Islander
Black—Not Hispanic
Latino/Hispanic
White—Not Hispanic
(Includes Middle Eastern)
Other
1.3%
10.0%
3.8%
2.3%
83.2%
2.6%
Current Residence
Residence Hall or Fraternity/Sorority
Other
13.6%
86.4%
Enrollment in Online Classes This Term
No Online Classes
Some Online Classes
All Online Classes
46 Health and Health-Related Behaviors St. Cloud State University Students
67.9%
25.3%
6.8%
Glossary
Current Alcohol Use
Any alcohol use within the past 30 days.
Current Credit Card Debt
Any unpaid balance at the end of the past month.
Current Marijuana Use
Any marijuana use within the past 30 days.
Current Tobacco Use
Any use of tobacco in the past 30 days. Tobacco use includes both smoking and smokeless tobacco.
Credit Card Debt
A monthly debt of $3,000 or more.
High-Risk Drinking
Consumption of five or more alcoholic drinks at one sitting within the past two weeks for both males and
females. A drink is defined as a bottle of beer, wine cooler, glass of wine, shot glass of liquor, or mixed drink.
Past-12-Month Alcohol Use
Any alcohol use within the past year.
Past-12-Month Marijuana Use
Any marijuana use within the past year.
Student Loan Balance
A student loan balance of $20,000 or more.
Glossary
47
48 Health and Health-Related Behaviors St. Cloud State University Students
References
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2007). About BMI for adults. April 19, 2013, from
http://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dnpa/bmi/adult_BMI/about_adult_BMI.htm#Interpreted.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2008). Physical activity for everyone. Retrieved April 19, 2013, from http://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dnpa/physical/everyone/recommendations/.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2009). Cigarette smoking among adults and trends in smoking cessation—United States, 2008. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 58(44), 1227–1232.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2011). Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System [survey data]. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Retrieved April 18, 2013, from
http://apps.nccd.cdc.gov/brfss.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2012). Sexually transmitted disease surveillance 2011. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Retrieved April 19, 2013, from
http://www.cdc.gov/std/stats10/default.htm.
Fischer BS, Cullen FT, Turner MG. (2000). The sexual victimization of college women (Report NCJ 182369). Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice.
Halperin AC. (2002, March). State of the union: Smoking on US college campuses. A report for the American Legacy Foundation. Washington, DC. (unpublished, internal report).
Herbenick D, Reece M, Schick V, Sanders SA, Dodge B, Fortenberry JD. (2010). Sexual behavior in the United States: Results from a national probability sample of men and women ages 14–94. Journal of Sexual Medicine, 7(suppl 5), 255–265.
Johnston LD, O’Malley PM, Bachman JG, Schulenberg JE. (2012). Monitoring the Future
national survey results on drug use, 1975–2011: Volume II, College students and adults ages 19–50.
Ann Arbor: Institute for Social Research, The University of Michigan.
LaBrie RA, Shaffer HJ, LaPlant DA, Wechsler H. (2003). Correlates of college student gambling in the United States. Journal of American College Health, 52(2), 53–62.
Niemeier HM, Raynor HA, Lloyd-Richardson EE, Rogers ML, Wing RR. (2006). Fast food consumption and breakfast skipping: Predictors of weight gain from adolescence to adulthood in a nationally representative sample.
Journal of Adolescent Health, 39(6), 842–849.
Sallie Mae. (2009). How undergraduate students use credit cards. Sallie Mae’s national study of usage rates and trends 2009. Retrieved April 2, 2010, from http://www.salliemae.com/NR/rdonlyres/0BD600F1-9377-46EA-
AB1F-6061FC763246/10744/SLMCreditCardUsageStudy41309FINAL2.pdf.
Sanders SA, Reece M, Herbenick D, Schick V, Dodge B, Fortenberry JD. (2010). Condom use during most recent vaginal intercourse event among a probability sample of adults in the United States. Journal of Sexual
Medicine, 7(suppl 5), 362–373.
Snyder TD, Dillow SA. (2012). Digest of Education Statistics 2011 (NCES 2012-001). National Center for Education Statistics, Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education. Washington, DC.
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (2012). Results from the 2011 National Survey on
Drug Use and Health: Mental health findings (NSDUH Series H-45, HHS Publication No. (SMA) 12-4725). Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration.
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (2012). Results from the 2011 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Summary of national findings (NSDUH Series H-44, HHS Publication No. (SMA) 12-4713). Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration.
Tjaden P, Thoennes N. (2006). Extent, nature, and consequences of rape victimization: Findings from the National Violence Against Women Survey (Report NCJ 210346). Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2000). Healthy People 2010: Understanding and improving health. 2nd ed. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
U.S. Department of Education. (2011). Trends in student financing of undergraduate education: Selected years, 1995–96 to 2007–08 (NCES 2011-218). Washington DC: National Center for Education Statistics.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2011). Reproductive and sexual health. Retrieved April 19, 2013, from http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/LHI/reproductiveHealth.aspx.
Ward BW, Schiller JS, Freeman G, Peregoy JA. (2013). Early release of selected estimates based on data from the
January–September 2012 National Health Interview Survey. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics. Retrieved April 18, 2013, from http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhis.htm.
References
49
Funding
Partial funding for the 2013 College Student Health Survey was provided by the following groups. Thank you for
your support of this important project.
Grant P116Z090310 through a congressionally directed award to the Minnesota State Colleges and Universities.
The contents do not necessarily represent the policy or endorsement of the U.S. Department of Education or
the federal government.
The Statewide Health Improvement Program of the Minnesota Department of Health
Boynton Health Service, 410 Church Street S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455
2013 Boynton Health Service Survey Team
Principal Investigator
Katherine Lust, Ph.D., M.P.H., R.D.
612-624-6214 • [email protected]
Co-Investigator
David Golden
Recruitment/College Coordinator
Maria Rudie, M.P.H.
Web/E-Communications Team
Evelyn Kokes
Kirk Marshall
Sarah Martin
Project Coordinator/Editor
Jolene Johnson
Writer/Editor
Julia Sanem, M.P.H.
Research Assistant
Meghan Mason, M.P.H.
Senior Graphic Designers
Amy Bartkus
Amy Westberg
Office Manager
Carol Uchal
Published October 2013
The University of Minnesota is an equal opportunity educator and employer.
This publication is available in alternative formats upon request.
Contains a minimum of 10% post-consumer waste.
For more information or additional copies, contact the Boynton Health Service Marketing Department at 612-625-6410 or [email protected].
Boynton Health Service
Boynton Health Service
www.bhs.umn.edu
410 Church Street S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455
Phone 612-625-6410 • Fax 612-625-2925
©2013 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.