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Fountain Volume 1, Issue 3, February 2009 The A NEWSLETTER FROM THE JOHN D. GERHART CENTER FOR PHILANTHROPY AND CIVIC ENGAGEMENT Inside this Issue SEASON'S GREETINGS The Gerhart center wishes you a wonderful holiday season and a happy new year. Tadamunn: Launching an Arab Universities Network Good Grant-Making Basics Training Tadamunn: Launching an Arab Universities Network Session Attracts Foundations from Around the Arab World A Brief Interview with Mo Ibrahim Research Brief: Pathways to Participation Among Egyptian Youth Campus Conversation t a time of immense regional challenges, universities are called upon to contribute more directly to social and economic development. On October 13 and 14, 2008, the Gerhart center, in partnership with Innovations in Civic Participation (a non-profit organization based in Washington, D.C.) and the Talloires Global Network of Universities, hosted a regional conference on the incorporation of civic engagement onto Arab university campuses. The conference titled, Tadamunn: Toward Civic Engagement in Arab Education, was held at the Marriott Hotel in Zamalek and at AUC’s Tahrir Square Campus. A on the Power of Facebook: Online Social Networks as Tools for Civic Engagement Gerhart Center News Up and Down the Donkey Track: Critical The conference brought together 15 regional universities, ranging from Bir Zeit University in Palestine to Ahfad University in Sudan. AUC Trustee Mohammed Ibrahim, founder of the Mo Ibrahim Foundation that aims to promote good governance in Africa, was the keynote speaker. Panelists included Naledi Pandor, South Africa's minister of education, Hany Helal, Egyptian minister of higher education, AUC President David Arnold and Dean Robert Paths to Community Engagement Public Speaking by Gerhart Center Staff Hollister of Tufts University. Presidents, vice presidents and provosts, as well as faculty members and students, came together to share their own experiences of civic engagement, explore new approaches to meaningful engagement on their own campuses and address obstacles in a systematic way. Participating universities supported the formation of a regional network of universities. The Gerhart center, along with Innovations in Civic Participation and the Talloires Network, will help launch the initiative over the coming months, committed to infusing civic engagement on campuses and exchanging best practices in the field. The network will include its own Web site as a resource for university administrators and students. It will also host annual meetings and technical training sessions in areas such as private sector partnerships and community-based learning. Please contact Fawzia Dawood at [email protected] for more information on the launch of the Web site and for dates of upcoming network meetings. Community-Based Learning Projects at AUC Gerhart Fellows Reem Marto of Soliya a U.S.-based non-governmental organization AUC Trustee Mo Ibrahim, Minister Hany Helal, Dean Robert Hollister and AUC President David Arnold Page 1 The Fountain Volume 1, Issue 3, February 2009 Good Grant-Making Basics Training Session Attracts Foundations from Around the Arab World he first in a series of training programs facilitated by AUC's John D. Gerhart Center for Philanthropy and Civic Engagement, Good Grant-Making Basic brought together foundations staff from Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Palestine, Jordan, Lebanon and Egypt. According to Barbara Ibrahim, director of the Gerhart center, the rapid growth of Arab foundations and endowments today has created “a critical need for professionally-trained executive boards and staff to move the sector forward. The Gerhart center is working to build strong organizations that ensure maximum social impact for Arab philanthropy.” Thus, over three days (September 9 to 11, 2008), under the coordination of Karim Shalaby, philanthropy adviser at the Gerhart center, trainees were exposed to the principles and mechanics of using grant making to bring about reform and social change. Instead of seeing grant making as an end in itself, the course urged participants to think of it as one way of reaching their ultimate change objectives, whether in the field of environment, education, human rights or community development. T A team of highly experienced grant makers and foundation leaders conducted the training. Barry Gaberman, former senior vice president of the Ford Foundation, compared individual philanthropy to organized philanthropy. Peter Cleaves, chief executive officer of the Emirates Foundation, presented a detailed framework that starts with establishing grant criteria, all the way to communicating acceptances and rejections. Barbara Ibrahim spoke on “Theories of Change and Strategic Giving,” highlighting the importance of tailoring grant making to the social and cultural context of the Arab world. Sharry Lapp, adviser at the Welfare Association, explored basic monitoring and evaluation concepts. Finally, Judy Barsalou, regional representative at the Ford Foundation in Cairo, discussed “Governance Issues for Grant Making,” including strategic planning, accountability, transparency and knowledge management. Sherine El Taraboulsi, Gerhart center communications coordinator, interviewed Mohammed Ibrahim, AUC trustee and founder of the Mo Ibrahim Foundation, which grants major awards for good governance in Africa, while he was in Cairo for the Tadamunn conference. Q1: You are an inspiration to many people around the world; what inspired you to start the Mo Ibrahim Foundation? I grew up in a poor family, so I believe that the material needs of any human being are limited. I find more pleasure in the excitement of starting unusual projects that get tens of thousands of people employed. I enjoy doing the right thing. There is no other explanation I can offer for that. I was inspired by Nubian traditions, and that is why I think we need to understand the importance of citizenship and develop this concept in the Arab world. I believe that social justice is important, that there should be no divisions between people and, above all, that children need to grow in a decent environment. Q2: Sometimes, people are likely to regard the goals of civic engagement as a utopian dream that is not likely to be realized. How do you regard civic engagement in the Middle East based on your own unique experience? Not all businessmen are apathetic. Some have realized the importance of civil societies. Civil societies rectify issues that may be problematic and very damaging to businesses, such as child labor and climate change. Some businessmen are prompted to. But regardless of this, I strongly believe that civic engagement is important to any community. Training team and participants Participants engaged in debates and information exchange on the daily problems they face as grant makers and called for a network to keep Arab grant makers in touch for further professional development. The Gerhart center will hold future training sessions on this topic as well as other topics related to the emerging field of Arab philanthropy. For more information on our forthcoming training sessions, please contact Karim Shalaby at [email protected]. Q3: Do you think that Arab businessmen have taken adequate responsibility in civic engagement? I believe there is always more room for Arab businessmen to take initiatives in their communities in an attempt to effect change. They should take a genuine interest in civil societies. Where are the Bill Gates of the Arab world? Page 2 The Fountain Volume 1, Issue 3, February 2009 Research Brief: Pathways to Participation Among Egyptian Youth Campus Conversation on Barbara Lethem Ibrahim, Gerhart center director “The Power of Facebook: Online Social Networks as Tools for Civic Engagement” “It is not possible for civilization to flow backwards while there is youth in the world. Youth may be headstrong, but it will advance its allotted length.” Helen Keller (1880 - 1968) oung Egyptians are coming of age in a culture of exclusion. Youth exclusion is present in the labor market, access to housing, political life and obstacles to marriage formation and family decision making. Regardless of education or rural-urban residence, few young people say that they are able to make an independent choice about the person they will marry. Few young Egyptians think they will find a decent job after leaving school. Youth's experience of exclusion is pervasive throughout Egyptian society, with differences of degree according to rural-urban residence or social class. Y Far from being isolated, today's young people are immersed in the global youth culture and assaulted by consumer advertising. But the realities facing this largest-ever youth cohort are high unemployment rates and stalled social and political reforms. Will those blocked aspirations lead to social disorder and extremism as some journalists expect? We undertook a closer look at some of the rapidly growing youth organizations originating in Cairo in order to address that question. Resala, or mission, is a youth-founded and youth-led social service organization with more than 70,000 members. Its phenomenal growth has taken place in less than eight years. Alashanek Ya Baladi (AYB), translated as For My Country, is another youth-initiated volunteer service organization with award-winning programs to help other youth rise out of poverty. Youth volunteers respond to community needs with an array of programs and services in an expanding number of branches in Cairo and other Egyptian cities. Case studies of these organizations suggest that instead of waiting for adults or public programs to provide solutions, some urban youth are actively finding ways to participate in public life and improve their communities. In both groups, university students pressed their faculty advisers and administrators to add community outreach to academic programs. They registered as non-governmental organizations, convinced wealthy patrons to fund their efforts and found creative ways to address serious local problems. he Gerhart center held a series of campus conversations on the power of Facebook in encouraging proactive civic T engagement and effecting positive change. The first campus conversation featured Dena Hegab, POSITION, who related her experience in using Facebook as a means to get students to demonstrate against AUC’s move to the New Cairo Campus. Rasha Abdullah, assistant professor of journalism and mass communication at AUC was the main speaker at the second conversation. She elaborated on her experience with Facebook and how it has created a dramatic shift in people's consciousness by becoming a networking force to be reckoned with. She also related the pivotal role played by Facebook in launching political and social movements, demonstrating throughout that Facebook is much more than “just a click.” Both conversations sparked debate on the merits and demerits of Facebook and gave a chance for students to voice their opinions and concerns. The Gerhart center will be holding future campus conversations soon. For more information, please contact Robert Gasior at [email protected]. The study used interview methods with founders and recently recruited members to explore what motivates young people to volunteer. The most striking finding was the pervasiveness of a religious discourse among volunteers to explain what attracted them and why they continue. Often, this impulse is expressed in terms of spiritual reward, or thawab. Typical responses from a college student include: “Each of us is part of the wall holding up our Muslim umma [community]. Each of us is a brick, and if I do my small part, the umma will become strong.” “I am accumulating good capital in this life and in the next.” continued on page 4 Page 3 The Fountain Volume 1, Issue 3, February 2009 Gerhart Center News continued from page 3 So contrary to some expectations that religiosity will lead youth to political radicalism, the growth and popularity of organizations like Resala and AYB suggest a more constructive social enactment of religious ideals. Groups like these may also function as a safety valve, releasing frustration over social exclusion and providing an alternative sense of belonging. One founder said this was a key motivation for him in working to expand the organization. He believes that the current youth generation has not been provided with values or goals by the state or adult gatekeepers, and they are therefore vulnerable to extreme ideas. A devout Muslim himself, his project is to help channel youthful activism into building something positive that Egyptians can point to with pride. Volunteers express a sense of patriotism and desire to improve their country. Other motivations stem from feelings that they have been privileged in the opportunities given to them, and they want to “give something back.” Others say that while their parents still look to the government to solve society's problems, the current youth generation “know that we are on our own –– no one is going to help us.” Leaders in the two social service organizations noted that young women are far more likely to volunteer and sustain their engagement than young men. Thus, female-to-male volunteer ratios are often as high as four to one. This is partly explained by the lack of alternative activities for girls. However, it is also likely that social services appeal to girls' gendered sense of their emerging adult roles. Caring for orphans and the sick, teaching and tutoring children, and helping in general are culturally assigned female roles. Seeing friends and peer networking were other reasons given for volunteering. While the dating aspect of participation was only reluctantly discussed, it emerged as an important factor among some youth from conservative backgrounds. Engagements and marriages are not uncommon in branches of these organizations. A final and obvious link between social exclusion and the impulse toward social service is more often mentioned by young men, but also among some girls. Volunteering is seen as a way to add skills and experience to one's CV in the hope that it will provide advantages on the job market. Interviewees who mentioned this rationale also expressed hope that an adult volunteer or someone they met through service activities would offer them a job. There is a pervasive assumption that jobs only come through personal contacts, and that provides another reason for volunteering: “... Instead of spending my time all day at the sports club … I can be doing something worthwhile. And who knows, I might meet someone who would give me a chance to work for them.” Further research will look at some of the implications of youth volunteerism for democratic values and other forms of civic engagement. he Gerhart center held a meeting titled, Expert Consultation on Youth Civic Engagement, on September 21, 2008. The one-day event explored definitions and plans to refine research on youth civic engagement in the Arab region. Guests included Golda Khoury, youth adviser, UNICEF, Amman; Rami Khouri, director, Issam Fares Institute, American University of Beirut; and Susan Stroud, director of Innovations in Civic Participation. T Lamia Bulbul and Barbara Ibrahim of the Gerhart center were invited by the Arab Foundations Forum on September 13, 2008 to facilitate a discussion during their biannual meeting in Beirut, Lebanon. The discussion centered on the steps needed to begin quantifying the scope of philanthropic capital flows in the region. Participants included senior executives from eight Arab foundations. The discussion was useful in refining some of the indicators that should be measured and the challenges facing a comprehensive data collection effort on philanthropic giving. Future meetings will convene a task force to plan for surveys in a number of Arab countries. The Gerhart center co-hosted a five-day training institute at the American University of Beirut (AUB), August 22 - 26, 2008. Dina Sherif and Amani Elshimi of AUC participated in faculty workshops at the newly established center for Community Service and Civic Engagement at AUB, headed by Mounir Mabsout, professor of civil engineering there. The third partner in the workshops was EARTH University, Costa Rica, represented by Pedro Bidegaray, faculty member and coordinator of academic programs. The institute was attended by a small group of selected faculty from a diversity of disciplines. This contributed to a rich discussion on the necessity of engaging the campus in introspection and strategizing, drawing on the character of the long-existing culture of community giving in the Arab world and involving the community in the planning stage. Page 4 The Fountain Volume 1, Issue 3, February 2009 Up and Down the Donkey Track: Critical Paths to Community Engagement Amani Elshimi, director of community-based learning, Gerhart center ne by one, the students hunched down low to climb into the tiny microbus. With knees crammed against the seats in front and shoulders drawn tight, we jostled on a one-hour journey to Nekla Village. My students and I had never been so closely seated. It was hard to turn around to see your immediate neighbor or those behind. The windows were stuck. The seats were squeaky. But spirits were high. O The students had prepared graphic materials to teach groups of literacy learners at the village library. The theme was bird flu. Two students had jointly produced paintings of birds and children, hands under a running tap, a steaming pot and a cooked chicken, emergency numbers for the “hotline.” Two had printed keywords on colored flash cards. Two had produced a huge board drawing for a game of Arabic Pictionary, and two had a large poster with lengths of text, awkwardly scribbled in sloppy lines. “We have the best lesson plan,” they pointed out. “Nothing less than 'A' for this.” It was a warning. As the bus wobbled on, I listened to the English-Arabic mixture of student slang. Professor X is demagh (laid back), Professor Y biyehlalik (ignores you), class X is helw moot (very good), class Y is ghabi tahn (extremely insignificant). What kind of linguistic rubbish is this, I fumed. Silence. The bus had stopped. A crowd of children assembled at the steps of the bus. Young, sturdy women, cross-legged on vegetable carts, eyed us with curiosity. “OK, we've arrived,” the driver called out. As they stepped out nervously onto the dirt road, the students looked oddly out of place. The girls had dressed modestly and avoided make up and jewelry. The boys wore simple casuals, but still they looked different. For the first time, I noticed a student had red highlights in his hair, and another had a nose ring. But, most of all, I noticed their silence. Every one of them had fallen completely silent. They carefully watched each step as they made their way between heaps of animal waste and puddles of water. The 30-meter donkey track that led to the library seemed to stretch into miles. My class of freshmen, enrolled in a Research Writing class in the rhetoric and composition department, were exploring issues related to female literacy. They learned the skills of argument and analysis, using the right appeals for a specific audience, and of recognizing and responding to the context of argument. This was their first community-based learning experience … and mine. I had carefully designed an activity that would closely align with our learning goals. I had prepped my students well, and I had planned all logistics meticulously. But I was not prepared, it seems. How do I get that student to get rid of his gum? Community-based learning, often known as service learning, is defined by AUC as “a combination of faculty-guided community engagement with explicit learning objectives.” The principles of the pedagogy include reciprocity of engagement, with both the community and the student providing a service and making gains, and reflection on the community experience in such a way to comprehend and advance the course learning. continued on page 6 Page 5 The Fountain continued from page 5 The silence had broken once my students began to teach. Uncertainly at first, they shared their materials with groups of women, hidden behind black and gray face-veils. Peter had whispered, “Can I tell them my name is Peter?” I understood his unpronounced fear, “Or would they beat me up?” I saw Dina button her shirt tighter around the neck and Sherif discard his gum. As the women looked at the pictures of chickens and tried to write the sentences, there was laughter and voices and the usual clamor of an ordinary class. The women shared their names, jokes and personal stories. They called Peter by the name, and offered Ahmed tissues to wipe the board. One was 52, one was 12 and most were 16 to 25 –– the same age range as the students. I relaxed. My students were behaving in ways I had not witnessed before. One was holding a woman's hand as she wrote across the page; another was patiently rephrasing instructions for a game of word matching. Volume 1, Issue 3, February 2009 Public Speaking by Gerhart Center Staff Barbara Ibrahim “Women, Islam and Social Responsibility,” Moving Women's Philanthropy Forward, Conference, IU Center on Philanthropy, November 14, 2008. “Reflections on Philanthropy in Hard Times,” Salzburg Seminar on the Future of Philanthropy, Austria, December 11, 2008. Visiting Series Indianapolis at Indiana University, “Youth Activism and Public Spaces: Social Change in Egypt and the Middle East,” September 3, 2008. “Philanthropy in the Arab World: Oil Wealth, Corporate Sustainability and the 'New' Philanthropy,” October 8, 2008. “The Morning After: A New U.S. President Takes Up Middle East Foreign Policy,” Joint Presentation with Saad Ibrahim, November 5, 2008. “Charity and Change: Some Philanthropic Trends in Muslim Societies,” December 10, 2008. Dina Sherif International Association for National Youth Service (IANYS) Global Conference, Paris, November 19 - 22, 2008. As we walked down the donkey track to the bus at the end of the day, after having been treated to a generous meal of feteer meshaltit and molasses, the students were animated and obviously comfortable, now oblivious to the muddy ground and the unfamiliar lumps on the road. My satisfaction was immense. The benefits of community-based learning are many, including improved analytic and creative problem-solving skills and disciplinary knowledge, as well as heightened community awareness and appreciation of diversity. But there are also challenges. How can the students sustain the service beyond the semester? How can they best capture the learning and transfer it to other contexts? How do we access funding for such projects? How do we motivate students to take community-based learning courses? As AUC expands its community engagement and strengthens its academic pedagogies, these and other questions help conceptualize and shape a vision for an institutional community-based learning program. I like to tell the Nekla Village story because it is, perhaps, my most memorable experience –– my first community-based teaching experience. Since then, I have learned a great deal. I have learned to learn along with the students, to tolerate ambiguities and unpredictable circumstances, and to draw on the experience and resources of the rest of the institution. The whole institution is community. “How to be Strategic About your Social Investments? Examples from the Local and Regional Scenes,” U.S. Corporate Ambassadors Conference, Conrad Hotel, Cairo, November 22 - 23, 2008. Amani Elshimi “Integrative Learning and Learning Transfer Across the Curriculum,” 15th AUC Research Conference, April 12, 2008. “Undergraduate Research Across the Curriculum,” 15th AUC Research Conference, April 12, 2008. “Engaging Pedagogies: Focus on Service Learning,” Presentation, University of California at Davis, Seminar on College Teaching, March 26, 2008. “Community-Based Learning: Principles, Practices and Assessment,” Workshop, Department of Rhetoric and Composition, John D. Gerhart Center for Philanthropy and Civic Engagement and Center for Learning and Teaching, AUC, March 31, 2008. Page 6 The Fountain Community-Based Learning Courses at AUC Volume 1, Issue 3, February 2009 Gerhart Center Upcoming Events 2009 Brooke Comer, rhetoric and composition Course: Research Writing, Project: Students pair up with refugee children, engaging in capacity-building exercises, including language learning Ghada Elshimi, rhetoric and composition Course: Research Writing, Project: Students work with children to create fictional stories and artwork related to education, health, environment and social roles Hala Abdel Hak, psychology Course: Personal Growth, Project: Students teach both English and Arabic classes to refugees, helping them develop a variety of skills Kamal Fahmi, sociology Course: Community Development, Project: Individual students provide service hours in community development organizations Manal Badawy, sociology Course: Social Inequality, Project: Students prepare and deliver a series of awareness lectures on issues related to community inequalities Mona Amer, psychology Course: Abnormal Psychology, Project: Students partner with patients in Behman Hospital to provide companionship, demonstrating professional skills of interviewing, listening and empathy when communicating with someone with a mental disorder Course: Community Psychology, Project: Students construct a data collection instrument on behalf of a community agency and participate in interviewing families for asset assessment in a community in Ein El Sira February 9 Philanthropy and Civic Engagement at AUC, Gerhart center presentation to the AUC Board of Trustees, New Cairo Campus inauguration March 4 Trends in Arab Philanthropy, speech by Barbara Ibrahim at the Council on Foreign Relations, New York For more information, please contact Sherine El Taraboulsi at [email protected]. Patrick Mason, history Course: The Civil Rights Movement, Project: Students create and teach literacy lessons to female learners in Establ Antar on topics related to civic pride, community rights and responsibilities, and community building Rabab El Mahdy, political science Course: Introduction to Development, Project: Individual students provide service hours in community development organizations Sherine Ramzy, sociology Course: Introduction to Sociology, Project: Students interview the elderly population of Establ Antar and collect oral histories of individuals who lived through the rural-urban transition in the early 1970s. Students then publish a collection of oral narratives that raise awareness on these experiences Page 7 The Fountain Volume 1, Issue 3, February 2009 Gerhart Fellows Gerhart Center Staff Atiaf Al Wazir At the Gerhart center, Al Wazir aims to produce a userfriendly, step-by-step Arabic manual for Arab philanthropic organizations on grant-making basics. The manual targets an Arab audience and will include specific examples from the Arab world on topics including but not limited to: starting a foundation, board development, financial management, strategic planning, identifying community-based needs and general capacity building. For the last four years, Al Wazir worked at the National Endowment for Democracy (NED), a non-profit, grant-making organization based in Washington, D.C. Prior to joining NED, she was a consultant and worked for a variety of non-governmental organizations, including the World Bank, the International Crisis Group, the Women's National Committee, the Yemen Heritage & Research center and Calvary Women's Shelter. Her career also included stints of NGO fieldwork in Thailand on the issue of trafficking, in Yemen on the issue of women in prison and in Lebanon on the issue of refugees. She earned a master's in international affairs from the American University in Washington, D.C. Jakob I. Myschetzky Myschetzky's current research at the Gerhart center is centered on how highly skilled Egyptian migrants hold untapped potential for co-development and intercultural dialogue by bringing new perspectives to their home country through transfers of knowledge, temporary returns, collective remittances and investments, engagement in Egyptian society and public debate. Myschetzky is founder and managing director of Inklusion (www.inklusion.dk), a non-governmental organization that he created in 2003. Inklusion is a network of engaged people with different academic and cultural backgrounds. It seeks to promote diversity as a positive resource through training, raising awareness and exchange of good practices both in Europe and the Middle East. Myschetzky wrote his master's thesis in Egypt in 2005 on brain drain and development in Egypt. Todd Lester Lester's current research at the Gerhart center is focused on ways through which refugee civic leaders engage or mobilize their community given the restricted legal environment in Egypt, based on the premise that civic leadership knows no boundaries. Lester is founder and executive director of freeDimensional (www.freedimensional.org), a global network of community arts spaces that provides services for human rights defenders during periods of distress. He was recently named a fellow at AUC's Center for Migration and Refugee Studies and a young scholar with the Organization of American States. Lester is an adjunct instructor at the New School, New York University and John Jay College of Criminal Justice. He received career training as an assistant at the United Nations and through working for various international agencies, including the Carter Center, CARE and Population Services International. For more information on fellowships, please contact Dina Sherif at [email protected]. Barbara Ibrahim Director Dina Sherif Associate Director Karim Shalaby Philanthropy Adviser Amani Elshimi Director of Community-Based Learning Lamia Bulbul Assistant Director for Research Sherine El Taraboulsi Assistant to the Director and Communications Coordinator Fawzia Dawood Program Assistant Safaa El Beitawy Office and Financial Coordinator Robert Gasior Presidential Intern Page 8