Document 2391235

The Economic Benefits of International Education to the
United States for the 2010-2011 Academic Year:
A Statistical Analysis
NAFSA: Association of International Educators estimates that foreign students and
their dependents contributed approximately $20.23 billion to the U.S. economy
during the 2010-2011 academic year. This conservative figure is based on tuition
figures from Wintergreen Orchard House, enrollment figures from the Institute of
International Education's Open Doors 2011 report, living expenses calculated from
Wintergreen Orchard House figures, and analysis of the data by Jason
Baumgartner at Indiana University – Bloomington’s Office of International
Services.
NAFSA's annual Economic Impact Statements estimate the amount of money
foreign students bring to the United States to support their education. This report
does not rely on a “multiplier effect.” Although this might provide a more accurate
estimate of actual economic impact, there is no consensus on the appropriate size
of such a multiplier. NAFSA and its partners are committed to continuing efforts to
improve our data and methodology. By any measure, international education
makes a significant contribution to the U.S. economy.
1307 New York Avenue, NW, Eighth Floor, Washington, DC 20005-4701
Tel: 202.737.3699 Fax: 202.737.3657
http://www.nafsa.org
Minnesota
Total Number of Foreign Students:
12,091
Part 1: Net Contribution to State Economy by Foreign Students (2010-11)
Contribution from Tuition and Fees to State Economy:
$214,253,000
Contribution from Living Expenses:
$184,979,000
Total Contribution by Foreign Students:
$399,232,000
Less U.S. Support of 25.4%
-
Plus Dependents' Living Expenses:
+
Net Contribution to State Economy by Foreign Students
and their Families:
$101,209,000
$4,480,000
$302,503,000
Part 2: Contribution to State Economy by Foreign Students' Dependents (2010-11)
Spouses' Contribution
Children's Contribution
Percent of Married Students:
6.8%
Number of Couples in the U.S.:
820
Percent of Spouses in the U.S.:
85.0%
Number of Children per Couple:
0.6
Number of Spouses in the U.S.:
820
25.0%
Number of Children in the U.S.:
487
Additional Expenses for a Child:
20.0%
Additional Expenses for a Spouse:
(% of student living expenses)
Spouses' Contribution:
(% of student living expenses)
Children's Contribution:
$3,036,000
$1,444,000
Net Contribution to State Economy by Foreign Students' Dependents:
$4,480,000
Part 3: Foreign Student Contribution from Tuition/Fees and Living Expenses (2010-11)
Institution and City
Bethany Lutheran College, Mankato
# of Foreign
Students
Tuition
and Fees
Living Expenses
and Dependents
Less U.S.
Support
Total
Contribution
(thousands)
(thousands)
(thousands)
(thousands)
22
$482.9
$293.8
$116.0
$660.7
***
$42.9
$43.5
$7.4
$78.9
Gustavus Adolphus College, Saint Peter
53
$1,737.5
$925.5
$379.1
$2,283.9
Martin Luther College, New Ulm
10
$113.2
$153.5
$22.9
$243.8
Mayo Graduate School, Rochester
58
$1,248.4
$756.9
$233.6
$1,771.7
Mayo Medical School, Rochester
***
$129.0
$107.5
$20.3
$216.2
Minnesota State University - Mankato, Mankato
708
$8,313.7
$9,489.6
$2,487.9
$15,315.5
Minnesota West Community and Technical
College, Worthington
Riverland Community College, Austin
***
$36.8
$97.1
$6.0
$127.9
34
$144.4
$509.2
$29.1
$624.6
76
$364.0
$982.3
$60.2
$1,286.1
169
$4,177.3
$2,644.5
$2,327.5
$4,494.3
Crossroads College, Rochester
Rochester Community and Technical College,
Rochester
Saint Mary's University of Minnesota, Winona
South Central Technical College - Mankato,
Mankato
Winona State University, Winona
31
$141.0
$414.8
$24.7
$531.0
316
$3,290.1
$5,168.9
$1,063.8
$7,395.3
Congressional District: 01 | Timothy J. Walz (D)
$35,030.0
Tuition
and Fees
Living Expenses
and Dependents
Less U.S.
Support
Total
Contribution
(thousands)
(thousands)
(thousands)
(thousands)
173
$6,755.7
$3,754.7
$1,526.5
$8,983.9
Dakota County Technical College, Rosemount
24
$231.3
$392.6
$27.9
$596.1
Inver Hills Community College, Inver Grove Hts
27
$101.9
$357.0
$20.5
$438.4
Saint Olaf College, Northfield
79
$2,842.2
$1,390.6
$612.8
$3,619.9
Institution and City
# of Foreign
Students
Carleton College, Northfield
Congressional District: 02 | John Kline (R)
Institution and City
$13,638.3
# of Foreign
Students
Anoka-Ramsey Community College, Coon
Rapids
Normandale Community College, Bloomington
North Hennepin Community College, Brooklyn
Park
Northwestern Health Sciences University,
Bloomington
Tuition
and Fees
Living Expenses
and Dependents
Less U.S.
Support
Total
Contribution
(thousands)
(thousands)
(thousands)
(thousands)
28
$145.5
$457.4
$26.9
$576.0
105
$786.1
$2,069.3
$127.9
$2,727.5
76
$354.3
$1,307.7
$76.1
$1,585.8
36
$641.9
$594.2
$105.7
$1,130.4
Congressional District: 03 | Erik Paulsen (R)
Institution and City
$6,019.7
# of Foreign
Students
Tuition
and Fees
Living Expenses
and Dependents
Less U.S.
Support
Total
Contribution
(thousands)
(thousands)
(thousands)
(thousands)
Bethel Seminary of Bethel University, Saint Paul
14
$149.5
$275.9
$132.3
$293.1
Bethel University, Saint Paul
27
$739.1
$501.6
$172.6
$1,068.0
Century College, White Bear Lake
146
$684.6
$2,877.3
$158.9
$3,403.0
Concordia University - Saint Paul, Saint Paul
***
$85.5
$50.5
$19.5
$116.5
Hamline University, Saint Paul
265
$8,387.8
$4,928.1
$1,896.3
$11,419.6
59
$622.5
$1,130.3
$533.8
$1,219.0
Macalester College, Saint Paul
254
$9,488.6
$4,539.1
$2,096.6
$11,931.1
Metropolitan State University, Saint Paul
181
$2,226.3
$3,365.0
$794.7
$4,796.6
13
$395.0
$176.5
$49.2
$522.4
***
$33.1
$32.6
$9.9
$55.8
25
$635.1
$426.6
$161.8
$899.9
52
$1,203.8
$771.9
$275.4
$1,700.4
Luther Seminary, Saint Paul
Minneapolis College of Art and Design,
Minneapolis
National American University - Roseville, MN,
Roseville
Northwestern College, Saint Paul
St. Catherine University, Saint Paul
United Theological Seminary of the Twin Cities,
New Brighton
University of St. Thomas, Saint Paul
***
$61.5
$48.6
$9.5
$100.6
393
$10,159.3
$6,424.9
$5,827.4
$10,756.7
William Mitchell College of Law, Saint Paul
***
$183.8
$117.3
$95.2
$206.0
Congressional District: 04 | Betty McCollum (D)
Institution and City
$48,488.7
# of Foreign
Students
Augsburg College, Minneapolis
74
Tuition
and Fees
Living Expenses
and Dependents
Less U.S.
Support
Total
Contribution
(thousands)
(thousands)
(thousands)
(thousands)
$1,855.8
$1,216.9
$386.6
$2,686.1
DeVry University - Minnesota, St. Louis Park
***
$25.5
$63.9
$10.5
$79.0
Minneapolis College of Art and Design,
Minneapolis
Minneapolis Community and Technical College,
Minneapolis
North Central University, Minneapolis
***
$121.5
$57.7
$56.5
$122.8
185
$903.5
$3,249.9
$185.3
$3,968.2
***
$100.6
$86.9
$28.1
$159.4
5124
$102,563.0
$85,291.1
$67,461.9
$120,392.2
University of Minnesota - Twin Cities,
Minneapolis
Congressional District: 05 | Keith Ellison (D)
Institution and City
$127,407.7
Tuition
and Fees
Living Expenses
and Dependents
Less U.S.
Support
Total
Contribution
(thousands)
(thousands)
(thousands)
(thousands)
270
$8,260.8
$4,516.3
$1,900.3
$10,876.8
1355
$15,982.3
$15,527.8
$4,308.1
$27,202.0
11
$49.9
$144.1
$8.7
$185.2
# of Foreign
Students
College of Saint Benedict/Saint John's
University, Collegeville
St. Cloud State University, St. Cloud
St. Cloud Technical and Community College, St.
Cloud
Congressional District: 06 | Michele Bachmann (R)
Institution and City
$38,264.0
# of Foreign
Students
Tuition
and Fees
Living Expenses
and Dependents
Less U.S.
Support
Total
Contribution
(thousands)
(thousands)
(thousands)
(thousands)
Bemidji State University, Bemidji
164
$934.2
$2,069.1
$423.4
$2,579.8
Concordia College - Moorhead, Moorhead
109
$2,740.1
$1,390.7
$575.9
$3,555.0
Minnesota State University - Moorhead,
Moorhead
Northland Community and Technical College,
Thief River Falls
Southwest Minnesota State University, Marshall
393
$2,581.2
$5,700.1
$1,175.2
$7,106.2
29
$126.0
$392.6
$23.2
$495.4
199
$1,350.7
$2,524.8
$534.2
$3,341.3
University of Minnesota - Crookston, Crookston
123
$1,131.4
$1,611.9
$376.0
$2,367.3
University of Minnesota - Morris, Morris
108
$1,051.1
$1,680.4
$397.1
$2,334.4
Congressional District: 07 | Collin C. Peterson (D)
Institution and City
Central Lakes College, Brainerd
$21,779.4
# of Foreign
Students
Tuition
and Fees
Living Expenses
and Dependents
Less U.S.
Support
Total
Contribution
(thousands)
(thousands)
(thousands)
(thousands)
25
$120.8
$408.8
$23.7
$506.0
College of Saint Scholastica, Duluth
122
$3,244.0
$1,844.8
$724.4
$4,364.4
Mesabi Range Community and Technical
College, Virginia
***
$27.2
$81.0
$4.9
$103.3
Rainy River Community College, International
Falls
University of Minnesota - Duluth, Duluth
Congressional District: 08 | Chip Cravaack (D)
23
$135.2
$376.5
$22.8
$488.8
272
$3,812.2
$3,646.8
$1,046.4
$6,412.6
$11,875.1
Methodology: How We Compute Economic Impact (2011)
We define economic impact as the amount of money that foreign students collectively bring into
the United States to pay for their education and to support themselves while they (and in some
cases, their families) are here. The goal of our economic impact formula is to use data already
collected for other purposes to provide a reasonable estimate of the economic resources that
foreign students import to the United States to support their education here each year.
The data sets used for these reports come from two sources:
1. The Institute of International Education’s Open Doors 2011 report, funded by the U.S.
Department of State, provides numbers of foreign students enrolled at colleges and
universities throughout the United States during the 2010-11 academic year. In many
cases, this data provide separate totals for undergraduate, graduate, and non degree
students. (http://www.iie.org/opendoors)
2. Wintergreen Orchard House provides cost figures for tuition, living, and miscellaneous
expenses at U.S. colleges and universities for the 2010-11 academic year.
(http://www.wintergreenorchardhouse.com/)
The extensive data provided by these two sources (which collect it directly from surveys of the
institutions involved) allow us to make our estimates sensitive to differences between
institutions. However, there are still areas where our estimates and formulas could be improved.
For example, we compute economic impact only for students reported in the Open Doors report.
Colleges and universities that do not provide information to the Institute of International
Education are not represented. Also, enrollment reports represent peak enrollment, and not
necessarily enrollment levels throughout the year.
Estimating Expenses
Tuition, fees, living expenses, and dollar estimates are derived from Wintergreen Orchard
House’s data collected on surveys completed by institutions every year. We try to make our
calculations sensitive not only to differing costs at institutions, but differing costs for ESL
students, undergraduates, graduate students, and students on practical training.
1. Undergraduates and English Language Programs:
The number of undergraduate students at an institution is specified by Open Doors data.
Wintergreen Orchard House’s data provide undergraduate tuition and fee amounts, oncampus room and board amounts, and miscellaneous expenses. These categories are
sometimes broken down into averages for international, out-of-state, flat rate, and in-state
students. When multiple averages are available, we choose averages in the order given
above.
2. Graduate Students:
The number of graduate students at an institution is specified by Open Doors data.
Wintergreen Orchard House’s data provide graduate tuition and fee amounts, on-campus
room and board amounts, and miscellaneous expenses. If there are no differentiated
graduate expenses provided by an institution in the Wintergreen Orchard House’s data,
then the undergraduate expenses would be applied.
3. Students on Practical Training:
We assume these students earn enough in their U.S. jobs to pay living and educational
expenses for the year, and so import no funds for their support. Therefore, net economic
impact of students in practical training is zero.
Economic impact of an international student equals tuition and fees, plus room and board, plus
miscellaneous figured at 50 percent of room and board, less U.S. support. We assume: (a) that
spring enrollment figures are the same as the fall figures reported, (b) that all students are
enrolled full time for two semesters or three quarters a year, and (c) that students live on campus
for the full year. The miscellaneous expenses, enumerated in Wintergreen Orchard House’s data,
average about 40 percent of room and board expenses. We use a 50 percent figure as an
approximation that includes all extra expenses except for travel.
Estimating U.S. Support
The Open Doors survey asks schools to report the percentage of their students who are selffunded, the percentage that have U.S. source income, etc. The U.S. support percentage includes
funding from a U.S. college or university, the U.S. Government, a U.S. private sponsor or
current employment. For this analysis the percentages are calculated based upon the institution’s
Carnegie classification and the academic career of the student. For example, this process will
differentiate the level of support between undergraduates and graduates at a particular research
institution while it also differentiates between a baccalaureate-classified institution from an
associate’s-classified institution.
Individual Institution Enrollment Figures
For institutions with fewer than 10 international students enrolled, enrollment totals are
suppressed for confidentiality reasons. In the reports, this is indicated by three asterisks (***).