Advances in Environmental Biology Kaleybar (NW of Iran)

Advances in Environmental Biology, 8(6) Special 2014, Pages: 1510-1514
AENSI Journals
Advances in Environmental Biology
ISSN-1995-0756
EISSN-1998-1066
Journal home page: http://www.aensiweb.com/aeb.html
Geochemical Study of Granitoids in Ghareh Gheshlagh in Southeastern
Kaleybar (NW of Iran)
1
1
2
Hamideh Farahmand, 2Dr. Syed Mohammad Hossein Razavi
PhD student in petrology, Islamic Azad University, Northern Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
Department of Geology, Islamic Azad University, Northern Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
ARTICLE INFO
Article history:
Received 28 February 2014
Received in revised form 19
April 2014
Accepted 23 April 2014
Available online 25 May 2014
Keywords:
petrology,
calc-alkaline,
Ghareh
Gheshlagh, tectonomagmatic
ABSTRACT
According to the petrography study and geochemical labeling of granitoid composition,
Ghareh Gheshlagh is mainly categorized as being in the granite, granodiorite,
monzonite and diorite. Enrichment of light rare earth elements (LREE) in comparison
with the heavy rare earth elements’ model (HREE), as well as high Th is suggestive of
the role of continental crust in magma generation process. Negative disorders of Ti and
Y are indicative of garnet separation in magma source. This collection is a part of calcalkaline with high potassium. Based on Maniar and Picoli diagrams, the region’s
granites are mostly in POG area. Indeed in FeO to SiO2 diagram, the samples are
mostly located in IAG+CAG+CCG range with most Post-POG granites identical with
Ghareh Gheshlagh granitoids.
© 2014 AENSI Publisher All rights reserved.
To Cite This Article: Hamideh Farahmand, Dr. Syed Mohammad Hossein Razavi, Geochemical Study Of Granitoids In Ghareh Gheshlagh
In Southeastern Kaleybar (NW Of Iran), Title of paper. Adv. Environ. Biol., 8(6), 1510-1514, 2014
INTRODUCTION
The area under study in northwestern Iran is in East Azerbaijan province, located 52 kms south-east of
Kaleybar town and this area is situated in the southeastern part of 1:100000 layer in Kaleybar (fig.1).
According to geological divisions, the area under study is located in western Alborz in Azerbaijan. The rock
compounds of the area include: granite, granodiorite, monzonite and diorite with identified granular, porphyritic
and granophyric texture in microscopic thin section.
The objective of this study is to geochemistry identify this pluton, determine the tectonic setting and
granitoid series.
Analytical techniques:
For the petrography of the rock units, 50 thin section were collected. These were carefully investigated in
terms of their minerals and texture. Out of these samples, 13 were selected that were not treated with alterations
and were analyzed using XRF method in the Zarazma laboratory with the final diagrams drawn and interpreted
using Igpet and GCDkit software.
3. Discussion:
3.1. Labeling Rock Units:
According to TAS diagrams by [4] and [2] which are drawn according to alkaline Na2O and K2O quantities
in SiO2, all the studied samples are placed in quartzmonzonite, granite, diorte, quartzmonzodiorite, monzonite
and granodiorite range (figs. 2,3).
3.2. Magma Series Determination:
According to [4] diagram, which is drawn according to Na2O and K2O quantities in SiO2 and distinguishes
the two magma alkaline and sub-alkaline quantities, all samples are categorized under sub-alkaline (fig.4).
In order to separate calc-alkaline series with low potassium, average potassium and high potassium and
shoshonite ones, [7] diagram is used that is based on K2O quantities in SiO2. According to this diagram (fig.5),
the samples belong to high-potassium calc-alkaline and calc-alkaline series.
3.3. Spider Diagram Analyses:
The studied rocks, which are normalized according to chondrite and primitive mantle, are illustrated in
figures 6. In these diagrams, the rocks are decreasing of HFS elements like Y and Ti and Zirconium and
Corresponding Author: Hamideh Farahmand, PhD student in petrology, Islamic Azad University, Northern Tehran
Branch, Tehran, Iran.
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Hamideh Farahmand et al, 2014
Advances in Environmental Biology, 8(6) Special 2014, Pages: 1510-1514
enriched in LIL elements like Th, K, Ba and Sr. Thorium enrichment is probably due to the effect of upper
continental crust.
Fig. 1: Simplified geological map of the Ghareh Gheshlagh granitoid.
Fig. 2: [2] diagram and.
Fig. 3: [4] diagram.
Fig. 5: [7] diagram.
In all, according to models of rare elements in spider diagram, it seems that the originating magma is
common to all the rocks of this area. Abnormal potassium peak is probably due to potassic alterations in the
region’s granitoid. Decreasing of HFS elements like Y and Ti is also probably due to the presence of garnet in
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Hamideh Farahmand et al, 2014
Advances in Environmental Biology, 8(6) Special 2014, Pages: 1510-1514
the source and enrichment of LIL elements like Th, Rb, K, Ba and Sr is probably due to the primitive melting
source in the generating magma.
2000
800
100
Sample/Chondrite
Sample/Primitive Mantle
1000
100
10
2
10
1
Rb B a T h U
K
N b L a C e Sr
Ti
Y
B a R b T h K N b L a C e Sr Z r T i Y Y b
Fig. 6: [8] diagram.
3.4. Tectonomagmatic Environment Determination:
According to Maniar and Picoli diagrams, the region’s granitoids are mostly in POG range. Indeed, in FeO
to SiO2 diagrams, the samples are mostly in the IAG+CAG+CCG range with most Post-POG granites identical
with Ghareh Gheshlagh granitoids (fig. 7).
6 0.0
6 0.0
RRG+CEUG
5 0.0
5 0.0
RRG+CEUG
4 0.0
POG
Fw%
FMw%
4 0.0
3 0.0
3 0.0
POG
2 0.0
2 0.0
1 0.0
1 0.0
IAG+CAG+CCG
IAG+CAG+CCG
0 .0
0
10
20
0 .0
30
0
10
Cw%
20
30
Mw%
1 .0
RRG+CEUG
FeOt/(FeOt+MgO)
0 .9
0 .8
POG
0 .7
IAG+CAG+CCG
0 .6
0 .5
60
65
70
75
80
SiO2
Fig. 7: The tectonomagmatic environment determination diagram.
Diagram 8 is also based on R2 = 6 Ca + 2 Mg + Al opposed to R1 = 4 Si – 11 (Na + K) – 2 (Fe + Ti). The
analyzed samples are located in granite ranges after POG (range 3), granites formed simultaneous to impact
(range 6), and partially in PreOG (range 2). It is noteworthy that the region’s granitoids could have come from
two generations; hence it is possible that older granites are made prior to impact and the younger ones after or at
the same time of POG.
The [5] diagram is for distinguishing PAP curves from CAP ones. All the samples in the region are
categorized as PAP (fig. 9).
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Hamideh Farahmand et al, 2014
Advances in Environmental Biology, 8(6) Special 2014, Pages: 1510-1514
4. Conclusions:
4.1. geo chemical studies show that the main rocks in the region are granites, granodiorite, monzonite and
diorite.
4.2. the aforementioned rocks are of a sub-alkaline origin that have transformed into calc-alkaline with high
potassium and calc-alkaline
4.3. With the help of spider diagrams it can be said that the generating magma is common to the rocks of the
region. Decrease of HFS elements like Y and Ti is also probably due to the presence of garnet in the source and
enrichment of LIL elements like Th, Rb, K, Ba and Sr is probably due to the primitive melting source in the
generating magma.
4.4. According to the geochemical studies and the presented models for different tectonic environments, it
can be concluded that plutonic Oligocene of this area belongs to PAP.
2 5 0 0 .0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
2 0 0 0 .0
1
R2
1 5 0 0 .0
- Mantle Fractionates
- Pr e-Plate Collis ion
- Pos t-Collis ion Uplift
- L ate-Or oge nic
- Anor oge nic
- Syn-Collis ion
- Pos t-Oroge nic
2
1 0 0 0 .0
3
4
5 0 0 .0
6
5
7
0 .0
0
5 00
1 00 0 1 50 0 2 00 0 2 50 0 3 00 0
R1
Fig. 8: [1] diagram.
Fig. 9: [5] diagram.
REFERENCES
[1] Batchelor, R.A. and P. Bowden, 1985. Petrogenetic interpretation of granitoid rock series using
muticationic parameters. Chem. Geol, 48: 43-55.
[2] Cox, K.G., J.D. Bell R.J. Pankhurst, 1979.The interpretation of igneous rocks, George Allen & Unwin,
London.
[3] Maniar P.D., P.M. Piccoli, 1989. Tectonic discrimination of granitoid. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull, 101: 635-643.
[4] Middlemost, E.A.K., 1985. Magmas and magmatic rocks. Longman scientific and Technical, pp: 266.
[5] Muller, D., D.I. Groves, 1997.Pottasic rocks and associated gold- copper mineralization, Sec Updated.
Springer-Verlag, pp: 242.
[6] Pearce, J.A., N.B.W. Harris, A.G. Tindle, 1984. Trace element discrimination diagrams for the tectonic
interpretation of granitic rocks. Journal of Petrology, 25: 956-983.
[7] Rickwood, P.C., 1989. Boundary lines and tectonic environment. In: Hsu, K. (ed),Mountain building
processes, Ascademic press, London, pp: 19-40.
[8] Sun, SS., W.F. McDonough, 1989. Chemical and isotopic systematics of oceanic basalts: implication for
mantle composition and processes. Geol Society Special publication, pp: 313-345.
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Hamideh Farahmand et al, 2014
Advances in Environmental Biology, 8(6) Special 2014, Pages: 1510-1514
Table 1: Major and trace element contents of the Ghareh Gheshlagh ranitoid.
sample
26-E
15-B
19-B
20-B
39-E
3-B
37-B
4-E
45-E
4-B
48-B
12-E
12-B
66.99
57.91
56.49
58.58
64.33
58.06
58.98
66.51
66.72
56.67
56.5
67.56
58.78
wt%
SiO2
Fe2O3
0.6
1.13
1.37
1.16
0.86
1.51
1.1
0.58
0.62
1.07
1.27
0.57
1.41
Al2O3
15.77
15.66
15.96
14.11
16.25
15.04
16.9
15.59
15.52
19.14
16.53
15.21
18.37
TiO2
0.9
1.06
0.98
0.86
0.68
1.2
0.94
0.46
0.48
0.99
1.04
0.46
0.90
P2O5
0.19
0.57
0.59
0.54
0.37
0.79
0.52
0.2
0.19
0.53
0.55
0.17
0.45
K2O
3.08
3.03
2.34
3.32
3.19
1.96
3.05
3.12
3.24
3.44
3.04
2.01
2.88
Na2O
4.18
3.91
3.62
3.58
4.08
3.42
4.03
4.05
3.2
3.62
3.54
4.04
4.18
CaO
3.11
5.64
6.67
6.34
3.23
6.71
4.53
3.40
4.06
5.86
5.75
3.90
6.79
MgO
1.33
3.32
2.63
2.5
1.75
2.79
2.14
1.27
1.41
1.94
3.24
1.35
2.56
MnO
0.07
0.18
0.21
0.2
0.27
0.2
0.14
0.07
0.08
0.14
0.17
0.07
0.33
LOI
0.68
1.2
2.44
2.24
0.35
1.65
1.99
1.10
0.6
0.49
2.22
0.77
0.40
total
96.9
93.61
93.3
93.43
95.36
93.33
94.32
96.35
96.12
93.89
93.85
96.11
97.05
1.50
2.50
2.60
1.7
1.6
2.7
2.1
1.2
1.4
1.9
2.4
1.5
2.8
ppm
Yb
Ce
60
134
174
148
143
223
143
57.00
59
150
134
63.00
55.00
La
37.00
74.00
100.00
87
81
127
83
37.00
37
87
76
38.00
33.00
As
2.00
2.40
25.70
13.8
10.7
27.7
24
2.30
2.1
3.9
5.7
2.50
20.2
Sb
0.83
0.85
1.12
1.03
1.03
1.02
0.99
1.09
0.92
1.02
0.99
0.92
1.1
Ag
0.15
0.25
0.24
0.28
1.4
0.6
0.28
0.18
0.14
0.18
0.29
0.14
0.21
Be
2.2
3.8
2.60
2.9
3.2
3.3
4.6
2.20
2.1
3.5
3.7
2.10
1.3
Mo
1.12
1.17
1.01
1.18
12.4
1.11
1.02
1.13
1.07
1.04
1.01
1.20
0.94
Sn
2.9
3.3
2.80
3.1
3.1
3.3
3.4
2.90
3
2.6
3.4
3.00
3.3
Cd
0.24
0.25
0.26
0.26
1.10
0.26
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.24
0.26
0.25
0.27
Bi
0.41
0.39
0.44
0.45
0.44
0.42
0.38
0.49
0.44
0.42
0.38
0.40
0.42
Zn
30.00
83.00
109.00
120
757
107
78
29.00
37
74
81
28.00
141
Pb
16.0
13.00
8.00
30
867
12
18
14.00
18
10
16
15.00
18
Cu
15.0
97.00
33.00
115
106
127
70
17.00
35
47
98
28.00
121
V
57.0
148.00
186.00
140
101
245
136
54.00
57
122
148
53.00
265
Sc
4.9
8.60
7.30
6.3
3.1
11.7
5.8
4.50
4.9
5.9
8.5
4.60
19.1
Co
6.0
17.00
19.00
16
7
23
13
7.00
7
13
18
7.00
21
Ni
10.0
23.00
10.00
10
4
8
6
9.00
10
4
23
9.00
22
Cr
15.0
40.00
15.00
12
8
15
8
13.00
15
6
37
12.00
58
U
3.5
4.20
4.60
4.2
4.5
4.1
4
3.5
3.5
4.7
4.6
3.80
4.6
Th
17.2
23.1
20
23.1
31.1
24.6
27.1
18.2
20.1
24.5
22.8
20.4
9.6
Yb
13
24
29
19.0
13
32
21
10.00
12
9
24
14.00
23
Ti
5396
6355
5875
5156.0
4077
7149
5635
2758.00
2878
2935
6235
2758.00
5396
Zr
12
317
192
145.0
190
235
275
10.00
13
217
294
11.00
56
Nb
108
247
175
148.0
217
238
258
90.00
99
246
247
110.00
89
Li
18
91
25
31.0
54
13
25
17.00
20
16
105
27.00
9
Sr
509
1118
1476
1625.0
956
2065
1413
505.00
509
630
1601
499.00
773
Rb
125
89
76
110.0
110
65
102
125.00
128
115
88
143.00
35
Ba
721
877
1044
982.0
1091
1250
989
691.00
748
484
900
666.00
204