System Development and Application of Zhangweinan Sub-basin Knowledge Management

System Development and Application of Zhangweinan Sub-basin
Knowledge Management
ZHANG Rui1 XUE Lijuan1 CAO Shengjun2
1. Tianjin Lonwin Network Science & Technology Development Corporation, Tianjin:300181
2. Haihe River Water Conservancy Committee, Ministry of Water Resources, Tianjin: 300170
[email protected]
Abstract Zhangweinan(ZWN) Sub-basin Knowledge Management system is an important component
of ZWN Sub-basin Strategic Action Plan (SAP) of GEF-Hai River Basin Integrated Water and
Environment Management Project (GEF-H-Project). The design mainly comprises data processing and
transmission, basic platform, database and application system. The aim of this project is to build
uniform information platform for ZWN Sub-basin integrated water and environment management on the
basis of the existing information system resources which have been fully used, integrated and dug. The
main function of ZWN-KM system with integrated pollution control model and SWAT model is to
implement information sharing and communication and provide an effective analysis tool for water
resources management and decision-making. It also provides a strong technical support for the reduction
of total pollutant discharge and pollution load into the Bohai Sea and the increase in ecological flows
and river flows into the Bohai Sea.
Keywords
Zhangweinan Sub-basin; Knowledge Management system; water and environment
management; information platform
1
Introduction
Zhangweinan Sub-basin is a typical one of the regions facing a shortage of water resources and worsening
water environment in the northern part of China. Here in these sub-basin water resources are in short, river
pollution is serious, water ecology is worsening and there are increasing conflicts between water resources
shortage and water requirement for regional development. Besides, Inter-provincial water pollution is
severe. Effluent sewage discharged into the Bohai Bay, has been largely damaging the ecology of the
Bohai Sea area. To strengthen intergrated water and environment management (IWEM), and improve the
worsening water ecology within the basin, GEF-H-Project chose ZWN Sub-basin as a pilot zone for
integrated water resources and environment management (IWEM), with water pollution prevention as its
emphasis. ZWN sub-basin knowledge management system, ZWN-KM system in short, is an information
system of IWEM, providing support for assistant decision-making, and is an important component of
GEF-H-Project in ZWN Sub-basin.
2
Significance of System Construction
ZWN-KM system is an important tool to achieve IWEM and provides technical support and guarantee for
achievement of the project goal. The system plays a significant role in improving water ecology of the
sub-basin and standard of water resources and environment management as well as in prompting
information sharing.
2.1
To Improve Water Ecology
ZWN-KM system is able to conduct scientific analysis and evaluation on information of water resources
and environment, providing in-time and effective scientific basis for the reduction of ZWN Sub-basin
1
Source of Project: Funded by GEF-Hai Basin Integrated Water and Environment Management Project
(GEF-H-Project). Project No TF053183
Author: Zhang Rui(1965-) Male, Computer Engineer, engaged in information system design.
Tel No: 022-24102119 ext. 8890
Email: [email protected]
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total pollutant discharge, protection of drinking water source and quality safety of water delivered through
the east line of Project Diverting Water from the South to the North, increase of riverway ecological water
inflow, easing of inter-provincial conflicts on pollution, and reduction of pollution load into the Bohai Sea.
2.2
To Improve Management Standard
ZWN-KM system has applied modern information network and digital technique to form an
across-departmental and across-provincial IWEM system, meanwhile, ZWN-KM application system has
integrated advanced water resources and environment model and thus has improved IWEM standard.
2.3
To Promote Information Sharing
Mutual information sharing mechanism between water conservancy and environment protection
institutions within the sub-basin was promoted and standardization construction among different
institutions was accelerated by the construction of ZWN-KM system. Meanwhile, ZWN-KM system will
work together with KM system on basin level and on the level of pilot counties to form an organic unity, in
this way an information sharing and a public information released platform can be formed to effectively
promote the sharing of information concerning water resources and environment of the Hai Basin and
ZWN Sub-basin.
3
Construction of ZWN-KM System
The average water resources per capita in ZWN Sub-basin are the lowest of the Hai Basin, while the
shortage of water and the severity of water pollution rank the first. Water resources management
departments and water environment management departments in ZWN, belonging to different provinces,
cities, and different administrative institutions; they fail to conduct a comprehensive water resources and
environment management on the sub-basin level. Each of the departments has its own implementation of
dividing water function zones and water environment function zones, thus effective management of water
resources and environment can not be carried out. Besides, existent goal of application system on the
sub-basin being not consistent with the management goal in GEF-H-Project, it is difficult to realize a
comprehensive management of water resources and environment as a whole basin.
Through construction of ZWN-KM system, a comprehensive platform for water quality and quantity
information sharing across the whole sub-basin is to be formed to promote the sharing of water resources
and environment information. In this way efficiency of information integration and of system resource
utilization will be improved. Meanwhile, the development idea of this ZWN-KM system completely
reflects the concept of ET-based real water saving in GEF-H-Project. Moreover, the combination of
environment protection and water conservancy is realized. For example, to approach the problem of water
resources shortage and groundwater over-extraction in the sub-basin, water balance analysis module is
introduced to provide a tool for effective water quantity analysis and evaluation, enabling water users to
know timely water resources condition and changing tendency in the sub-basin; permit management
module realizes information-based management of water intake and sewage discharge permit, taking into
consideration of combined management of water intake and sewage discharge; Assistant decision-making
module uses advanced model to conduct comprehensive management of water quality and quantity of the
sub-basin, providing users with analyzed and evaluated results and data support, and providing a unified
management platform for respective management tasks of water quantity and quality.
3.1
Its Relation with KM Systems of Different levels
ZWN Sub-basin KM system is a part of KM system of GEF-H-Project and it works with KM system on
the Hai Basin level and KM management tools on the levels of pilot counties, to form an organic unity.
The system connects Ministry of Environmental Protection (MEP) and HWCC upward as well as KM
systems of the levels of pilot counties downward such as Dezhou, Lucheng, Xixiang. While managing
water resources and environment information of pilot counties, concerned information in the 4 provinces
and 1 city within the sub-basin area is collected, and management is conducted on water quality and
quantity monitoring information on province boundary control sections, key sections of reservoirs and
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water brakes, as well as information on pollution sources in key cities, relevant management information
concerning water resources and environment, to promote the realization of pollution prevention goal.
3.2
Overall Structure of ZWN-KM System
ZWN-KM system is composed of the following components in terms of its construction contents: data
sharing and transmission, KM information sharing platform, application system, standards&criteria and
safety system. It is seen as Figure 1.
Figure 1 ZWN-KM System Framework
3.3
Data Sharing and Transmission
Data sharing of ZWN-KM system involves water resources and environment data available in water
conservancy and environment protection institutions and other concerned institutions in the 4 provinces
and 1 city within the ZWN Sub-basin area. Besides, classification and sharing of achieved result by
GEF-H-Project is conducted, involving such basic data as spatial information, project attribute
information, water quality of rivers, hydrological information, water quantity, water quality, weather,
social economy, as well as data obtained by GEF-H-Project, such as those obtained by baseline
investigation, river reach coding system, IWEMPs, SSs, ET monitored with remote sensing, etc.
The data transmission mode in ZWN-KM system shows ind figure 2.
Figure 2 Data Transmission Sketch Map
Figure 3 Sketch Map of Information Management Composition
3.4
Information Sharing Platform
Information sharing platform is the center of information storage, maintenance and exchange, to provide
data support for managers and technical personnel on water resources and environment, and to provide
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data service for application system as well.
3.4.1 Information Management
Information management system manages information about hydrological information, water quality,
water quantity, social economy and ET, etc., providing basic data for application system. Meanwhile, to
meet the requirements information sharing, data support is provided for managers and technical personnel
of water conservancy and environment protection institutions concerning water resources and
environment. Figure 3 is a sketch map of information management composition.
3.4.2 Information Resource Integration Middleware
This middleware integrates information resources of water conservancy and environment protection
institutions to make information sharing and exchange possible; meanwhile, to provide for concerned
sub-projects of GEF-H-Project a unified access interface to enable the transparency of data center.
Information resources integration middleware is the hub for information exchange and sharing of KM
system. Figure 4 is a sketch map of its functions.
Figure 4 Sketch Map of Information Resource Integration Middleware Functions
3.4.3 Database
Database stores spatial data and data concerning hydrological information, water quality, weather,
engineering, ET, etc., as well as data about administration permit, control goal, planning, analyzed results
which are necessary for business management. According to national standards, industry standards and
business requirements, database is classified and then established on different levels to achieve a unified
management of data. Figure 5 is a map of ZWN-KM database composition.
Figure 5 Map of Sub-basin KM Database Composition
3.4.4 River Reach Coding
To enable the link of data of different coding systems among water conservancy and environment
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protection institutions, Common River reach coding, the achievement of GEF-H-Project, is introduced by
ZWN-KM system. Through river reach coding; co-relation of attribute information of water quality
monitoring stations with different coding systems from water conservancy and environment protection
institutions respectively is able to be established.
Based on the result of Common River reach coding, unified coding on water function zones, water
environment function zones, hydrological monitoring stations, water quality monitoring stations and
pollutant discharge outlet is worked out. Its main content includes integration of water function zones and
water environment function zones, and establishment of unified water quality goal for both water
conservancy and environment protection as well as unified coding of monitoring stations, which belong to
the two institutions. Figure 6 is a sketch map of common river reach coding correlation.
Figure 6 Sketch Map of Common River Reach Coding Co-relation
3.5
Application System
Through construction of application system, information concerning water quality and quantity is
analyzed, and then simulated and forecasted with concerned software and models. After that, the results
are provided for water users to keep them informed of the condition of sub-basin water resources and its
changing tendency, and to efficiently improve supervision ability of water resources and to support the
utilization, protection, evaluation, and management of water resources. Figure 7 is a map of application
system composition.
Figure 7 Map of Application System Composition
3.5.1 Business Management
Business management conducts system analysis, profound evaluation, and reasonable forecast on
information about water resources and environment, and provides theoretical basis and technical support
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for the realization of IWEM goal, through the application of such method as contrast, statistics, tendency
analysis, etc.
3.5.1.1 Water Balance Analysis
Water balance analysis combines results obtained through SWAT model simulation to conduct analysis on
water balance under the present condition and under the condition after water saving measures are taken,
including analysis on annual groundwater extraction and recharge balance and total water amount balance
of each water resources indicator, such as precipitation, ET, surface water inflow and outflow,
groundwater inflow and outflow, soil water storage, net groundwater use, total groundwater recharge,
amount available for exploitation, real exploited amount, and over-extraction amount. Time sequence
method is adopted to conduct analysis on perennial water amount tendency. The construction of modules
provides powerful data support and scientific basis for the effective control of sub-basin groundwater
over-extraction, recovery of groundwater level, reduction of ET and improvement of farmland irrigation
water productivity.
3.5.1.2 Water Intake and Pollutant Discharge Permit Management
Water intake and pollutant discharge permit management maintains the basic permit information and
situation of approval and censoring, calculates the number of licenses issued and revoked, counts the
approved amount of water and pollutants and contrasts the approved amount with actual water quantity
or sewage volume. At the same time, the KM system provides permit examination and approval assisting.
In the process of examination and approval of water intake (pollutant discharge) permits, the actual
situation of pollutant discharge ( water intake) and the application of pollutant discharge ( water intake)
permit is considered to realize the combination of the management of water intake and pollutant
discharge.
3.5.1.3 Water User Association Management
Water user association management conducts information-based management on such information as
basic information of sub-basin water user association, institution construction indexes, investment,
irrigation system, operation condition, social statistics, economic statistics, training and economic
statistics of water users, etc., to finally achieve the submission and issuance of data.
3.5.1.4 Water Quality Evaluation
Water quality evaluation conducts water quality analysis on groundwater in different aquifers and in water
supply sources, large-scale reservoirs, provincial cross section of mainstreams and tributaries, and other
key river reaches city lakes and rivers, and key pollution monitoring areas; then based on the analysis
results, to indicate the change of water quality in water areas and groundwater monitoring wells, over
standard areas and over extraction amount as well as warning line, and to conduct calculation, analysis
and issuance of key information. In this way water environment supervision ability can be remarkably
improved, besides, support for water pollution control, water resource protection, evaluation and
management is provided.
3.5.2 Assistant Decision Making
Under the support and assistance of models, this manages the goal of total pollutant amount control, water
quantity and quality in ZWN Sub-basin.
3.5.2.1 Goal Management for Total Pollutant Control
According to the management goal of pollution treatment of ZWN Sub-basin, management of effluent
sewage and total pollutant discharged into river course is conducted. Meanwhile, according to the result
calculated by total pollutant amount control model, permitted pollutant discharge and the amount to be
reduced in each water function zone is determined. Goal in different planning years for pollutant control in
surface water is proposed. And compared with annual total pollutant of the present, its changing tendency
is analyzed for the proposal of technically and economically optimized distribution principles for each
water function zone.
3.5.2.2 Water Quality early-warning
The main goal of water quality early-warning uses 1-dimensional water quality early-warning model to
conduct emergency analysis and simulation of emergent pollution accidents, and thus to assist in
decision-making on emergency treatment. Its functions include: to accomplish qualitative measurement
and quantitative analysis of pollutant; to estimate the nature of pollutant and degree of its damage, track
，
，
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pollutant distribution, change process of its density; to determine present water regime, estimate the time
when pollutant flows into downstream water sources and its density , caused damage and scope of damage;
and to provide information support for decision maker, by giving out early-warning signals according to
estimated result.
3.5.2.3 Combined Management of Water Quality and Quantity
According to the concern of GEF-H-Project on three factors(water intake, water consumption and drain
discharge) of water right, and taking into consideration its combination with total drain discharge, water
quality and pollutant load capacity, to reach an realistic and efficient management of sub-basin water
quality and quantity; combining baseline investigation data, simulated data obtained by SWAT model and
total pollutant amount control model, to achieve combined management of ZWN Sub-basin water quality
and quantity. The management involves water right management and water quality management.
Water right management: based on ET monitored with remote sensing in ZWN Sub-basin and data
achieved by SWAT model, and take administrative region at prefecture level as a unit, to conduct statistics
on industrial, urban domestic and agricultural water intake, water consumption (ET) and drain discharge
in the said areas, providing data basis for the realization of real water saving and ET management.
Water quality management: to calculate and analyze total pollutant discharge and environment capacity of
each administrative division at prefecture level, based on the result obtained through the calculation of
pollutant control model and data obtained through monitoring; and to calculate drain discharge amount of
different water quality in the said areas to reach a combined management of water quality and quantity,
based on the result about unit drain discharge calculated by SWAT model and data obtained through water
quality monitoring cross sections.
4
Conclusions
ZWN-KM system has introduced internationally advanced technology and concepts, combining the real
water situation of the sub-basin, to establish a cross-departmental and cross-provincial IWEM system. It
involves water resources and environment management of the whole sub-basin and is the first IWEM
platform constructed between water conservancy and environment protection departments on sub-basin
level. It is the function of seamless data integration, exchange and sharing, and provides monitoring and
management methods for accomplishing the goal of sub-basin water saving, pollutant reduction and flow
increase, as well as provides a successful example for IWEM of the Hai Basin and even all basins across
the country.
References
[1]Zhangweinan Sub-basin Project Management Office, GEF-H-Project. TOR of KM Project of
Zhangweinan Sub-basin, GEF-H-Project, 2008.
[2]GEF-H-Project Management Office, HWCC. PIP of GEF-H-Project IWEM, 2003.
[3]Tianjin Lonwin Network Science & Technology Development Corp, General Designs of Zhangweinan
Cannel Sub-basin Knowledge Management System, 2008
[4]HWCC, Integrated Plan for the Hai Basin Water Resources, 2002
[5]HWCC, Water Resources Informationization Construction Plan for the Hai Basin,
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