Biology Evolution LT1-5 Review

Name:
Block:
Biology
Evolution LT1-5 Review
Score:
1.
LT1a Darwin used the phrase, “Descent with modification” to mean _________________________________.
2.
LT1a In an evolutionary sense, an individual’s biological success or fitness can be measured in the
______________________________.
3.
LT1a Jean Baptist Lamarck put forth the original mechanism for evolution. He thought that individuals could pass on
traits that were ________________________________.
/71
LT1c In each of the following pairs, circle the one that contributes to the fitness of a population.
4.
Genetic drift / non-random mating / neither / both
5.
natural selection / gene flow / neither / both
6.
immigration & emigration / the weak and the old are easy prey for predators / neither / both
7.
large population size (2000) / very small population size (12) / neither / both
LT2a In each of the following pairs, circle the fossil that is the actual remains.
8. Trackways (footprints) / bog people
9.
“Lucy” skeleton (A. afarensis) / petrified tree
10. La Brea Tar Pit’s Dire Wolf skulls / sandstone ammonite fossils
11. Ötsi (the ice man) / cast & mold fossils
12. feathers of archaeopteryx / insect in amber
13. LT2a (2pts) What happens to a radioactive isotope after it has given off particles and/or radiation? Use C-14 as your example.
14. LT2a If the half-life of a radioactive isotope is 200,000 years, how much is left (%) after a million (1,000,000) years?
15. (2 pts.) LT2a Isotopes are forms of the same element that differ in _________________ and therefore _________.
LT2a Put each the following in order from oldest (1) to most recent (3):
16. youngest fossil, oldest fossil, trilobites
17. 1st land plants, 1st dinosaurs, large-mammal fossils
trilobites
18. first mammal fossils, hominin fossils, trilobites
19. early bird fossils, hominins, ocean life
20. LT2a,b Name one (out of two) line of evidence supporting evolution used during the Skulls Activity?
21. LT 2a,b (2pts) Identify one physical characteristic that was compared between skulls in the Skull Activity and describe
how it changed when compared to modern humans (H. sapiens).
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22. LT2a,b Which came first in hominin evolution, large cranial capacity or bipedalism? (circle one)
http://www.sciencechannel.com/tv-shows/greatest-discoveries/videos/100-greatest-discoveries-lucy/
23. LT 2a,b (2 pts) Describe the evidence for your answer using your experience with the Skulls Activity.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
24. LT2b When trying to determine the evolutionary relationship between two species, would a biologist concentrate on
homologous features or analogous features? (Circle one)
25. LT2b Why do homologous features look alike?
____________________________________________________________________________________
26. LT2b Give an example.
27. LT2b Why do analogous features look alike?
28. LT2b Give an example.
29. LT2c (2pts) Give two examples of how human embryos go through the same stages of development as a chicken or fish
embryo.
30. LT2d Explain how a phylogenetic tree is used to determine relatedness.
31. LT2d Complete this statement: When looking at a protein in two different species, the more similar two amino acid sequences
the (more/less) closely related they are.
32. LT2d Complete this statement: When comparing the nitrogen base sequence of two different species, the more differences they
have the (more recently/longer ago) these two species diverged or branched on the evolutionary tree.
33. LT2e Explain how antibiotic resistance could result in human evolution in future.
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LT3 Identify the mechanism of evolution involved in each written scenario.
Pinta Island is part of the Galapagos Islands. Long ago, the population of tortoises on Pinta
Island had a range for neck length. When the environment changed, tortoises with short
necks could not get enough food and died, while tortoises with longer necks were able to eat
and lived. These individuals had long-necked offspring. Eventually, all tortoises on Pinta
Island had long necks.
This picture is of Lonesome George who was the last known individual of the subspecies
Chelonoidis nigra abingdonii. This species is now extinct.
(2pts) Which mechanism caused the longer necks? Support your answer.
Meerkats live in colonies (clans) with a dominant male and female. There is a social
hierarchy that is maintained within the population. A lower ranking male challenges the
dominant male and is beaten. The lower ranking male is forced to
leave the population.
(2pts) Which mechanism altered the gene pool? Support your
answer.
The Mt. Toba eruption, which occurred about 70,000 years ago, resulted in a global ecological disaster, including a volcanic
winter and destruction of vegetation along with severe drought in the tropical rainforest belt and in monsoonal regions. The
Toba theory states that this disaster resulted in the reduction of the total human population to around 15,000 individuals. It is
supported by genetic evidence suggesting that today's humans are descended from a population of between 1,000 and
10,000 breeding pairs.
(2pts) Which mechanism altered the human gene pool? Support your answer.
LT4a
34. The misconception of spontaneous generation states that _________________________________________________.
35. Biogenesis states that, “All life comes from __________________.
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36. (2 pts.) The scientists: Redi, Spallanzani and Pasteur, each did experiments to try to prove spontaneous generation FALSE.
Why did Pasteur succeed while the others did not? Be specific.
37. LT4b Of all the gases that Stanley Miller used in his apparatus, oxygen was NOT one of them. Why?
(http://www.sciencechannel.com/tv-shows/greatest-discoveries/videos/100-greatest-discoveriesorigin-of-life/)
38. LT4b Miller decided to include electrical sparks in his closed system to represent
_____________.
39. LT4b Why was this heat and electrical sparking necessary for building organic
molecules like amino acids?
40. LT4b What was the conclusion that Stanley Miller made from his experiment?
41. (2pts) LT4b Protocells, like coacervates and microspheres, are not alive but show remarkable behaviors. Describe two of the
things they can do.
42. LT5a How old is the Earth (to the nearest .5 billion years)?
43. LT5a (4 pts) Briefly explain how each of the following major incidents in the formation of the Earth were essential to the
evolution of the first life.
Major Bombardment:
Iron Catastrophe (relative to molten iron core)
Iron Catastrophe (relative to carbon in the crust)
Protocells
44. (6 pts.) LT5b Use three words to describe the first cells. ________________, _____________, _____________. What does
each word mean?
45. (2 pts.) LT5d The endosymbiotic theory describes the evolution of mitochondria and chloroplasts. Describe TWO pieces of
evidence that supports this theory.
46. LT5c (6pts) Two types of autotrophy on Earth are chemoautotrophy and photoautotrophy. Site at least two differences and two
similarities between them.
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