Run II Status and Prospects Jeff Spalding Fermilab June 14, 2004

Run II Status and Prospects
Jeff Spalding
Fermilab
June 14, 2004
Run II Status and Prospects - Spalding
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Contents
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Introduction
Major elements of the Run II “campaign”
Present performance
Status of the upgrade projects
Luminosity projection
Summary
Run II Status and Prospects - Spalding
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Run II goal: maximize integrated luminosity delivered to CDF & D0 …
Run II Status and Prospects - Spalding
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… with a program of upgrades throughout the complex
Recycler Ring
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Basis for the Plan: What drives the luminosity
ƒ Peak Luminosity
L=
(, , , )
L
*

β
θ
ε
σ
F

N
3γ f0
x, y
p, p
p, p
p

BN

p
β*
 εp 
1+ εp εp
( )
(
)
εp, εpbar, form factor F, β* provide some gains
But major improvements from bunch intensities
¾ especially total number of pbars BNpbar, (B=36 bunches for Run II)
¾ proton brightness (Np/εp) is constrained by beam-beam tune shift
ƒ Luminosity lifetime (tunes, beam-beam interactions)
ƒ Reliable Operation
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Major Elements of the Run II Campaign
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Operational improvements and upgrade projects
Near Term (and ongoing)
ƒ Improved reliability and operating efficiency
¾ Failure modes, abort system improvements…
¾ Tevatron alignment
¾ Improved instrumentation throughout the complex
ƒ Optimization of transfers, improved optics and helices in
Tevatron
Upgrade Projects
ƒ Increase pbar production
¾ Slip stacking
¾ Pbar acceptance upgrade
¾ Stacking rate and stack size (stacktail, Recycler, e-cooling)
ƒ Upgrade Tevatron for higher bunch intensities
¾ Helix
¾ TEL: active beam-beam compensation
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Reliability
ƒ The number of store hours per week is up 27% from FY03 the TEV is a more reliable machine.
ƒ Typical store length 15 hrs last year Æ >24 hrs now
ƒ Due to:
¾ Alignment of the TEV
• Dipole un-rolls, Low Beta alignment, Smart bolt retrofit
¾ Reliability strategy
• Aggressively pursue equipment failures
– Individual components and Systems (e.g. TEV abort system)
¾ Operations strategy
• With improved reliability Æ run long stores
– More time to ensure large stack size
– Minimize the effects of store turnaround time
– Minimize impact of parasitic studies
• Short focused dedicated studies
– Configuration control
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Upgrade Projects
Dynamic plan – adjust the strategy when new information from
operations and project R&D
Major Elements
ƒ Increase number of protons on the pbar production target
¾ Slip stacking (5E12 Æ >8E12 protons on pbar target)
¾ Upgrade the target itself to handle higher intensity
ƒ Increase antiproton collection
¾ Increase the gradient of the antiproton collection lens
¾ Increase the aperture of the antiproton collection transfer line
(AP2) and the Debuncher ring.
ƒ Increase the antiproton stacking and storing capabilities
¾ Increase the flux capability of the Accumulator stacktail
stochastic cooling system.
¾ Use the Recycler as a second antiproton storage ring, with both
stochastic and electron cooling
ƒ Upgrade Tevatron to handle higher intensity bunches.
¾ Improvements to helix separation and smoothness
¾ Active compensation for beam-beam tune shift using the TEL
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Status of Operations
Run I
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Status: Integrated Luminosity
Compare the last 12 months to the year before
-1
Integrated Luminosity (pb )
300
250
Up 55% with 14% fewer
scheduled running weeks
200
Average integrated luminosity
per week is up 80%
6/03 - 6/04
6/02 - 6/03
FY04 Design
FY04 Base
150
100
50
0
0
30
60
90
120
150
180
210
240
270
300
330
360
390
Days Since June 1
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Status: Peak Luminosity
Current best = 7.6E31 cm-2s-1
80
*
70
-1
Peak Luminosity ( b /sec)
60
50
6/03 - 6/04
6/02 - 6/03
FY04 Design
FY04 Base
40
30
20
10
0
0
30
60
90
120
150
180
210
240
270
300
330
360
390
Days Since June 1
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Summary of Current Operations
ƒ Booster running at record intensities
ƒ Major improvements in transfer efficiencies and emittances,
TEV tunes, optics and helix
ƒ Improved reliability and operations allows longer stores Æ
larger stacks Æ higher luminosity
ƒ However, stacking rate is ~75% of current goal – present focus
of investigation and improvement for the stacktail and core
cooling systems
ƒ Near term: introduce mixed-source operation (pbars loaded
from both Accumulator and Recycler) – first [pilot] store
6/9/04 successful (6.7E31)
ƒ And slip-stacking by end of 04 ( already tested at 75% of design
intensity) – awaits completion of RF upgrade
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Status of the Upgrade Projects
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Main Injector
ƒ Slip Stacking (goal x1.8ppp on pbar tgt)
¾ Excellent progress
¾ Tested @ 6 x 1012 and 1.5 nsec bunch
length on pbar target
¾ Reliable operation >8 x 1012 requires RF
upgrade (beam-loading compensation)
¾ On track for end of this year.
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Pbar Source
Pbar Acceptance (goal: x2)
ƒ
Lithium Lens (goal x 1.1)
¾ Prototype of new design (higher field gradient) bench test successful
ƒ
AP2 and Debuncher aperture increase (goal x1.8)
¾ Developed procedures for beam-based identification of limiting apertures,
identified components to modify
Stacktail cooling upgrade
ƒ
Cooling system upgrade (extends the bandwith 2-4 Æ2-6 GHz)
¾ Requires the large stack to be in Recycler (with e-cool), and “rapid
transfers”
¾ Not [easily] reversible
Æemphasize a phased approach
¾ Interim upgrade (05) [NEW]
• Reconfigure existing cooling tanks -quick and reversible
• Simulated performance ~30E10 per hr
¾ Full upgrade, with new cooling tanks (06)
• Simulated performance ~40E10 per hr
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Recycler
ƒ
The Recycler has made excellent progress over the past year
¾ Transverse emittance growth is no longer an issue (vacuum problems solved)
¾ Met the performance specs needed for commissioning electron cooling
¾ Ready to be integrated into operations (with stochastic cooling)
Æ Provides possibility for interim operating phase [NEW]
ƒ
Extract pbars from both Accumulator and Recycler: “mixed-source”
ƒ
Reasons
¾ e.g. 24 bunches from the Accumulator + 12 bunches from the Recycler
¾ A few (2-4) interim transfers from Accumulator to Recycler
¾ Improves average stacking rate in the Accumulator
¾ Push Recycler commissioning progress by plunging it into operations
¾ Potential luminosity enhancement – more pbars for smaller emittances
• Break-even right now, potential for up to 20% gain in the next year
¾ Flexibility in the Run II Upgrade schedule
• Merge more naturally into commissioning electron cooling
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Electron Cooling
ƒ
R&D program on e-beam is complete, now moving
the setup to the Recycler
¾ R&D scheduled stretched by ~2 months Å NOT
BAD!
ƒ
Operational test of the full system successful
¾ All major components, diagnostics and controls
developed and tested
¾ Beam properties achieved close to spec (analysis
ongoing)
ƒ
Will add additional Pelletron section at Recycler
Æ reliable operation at 4.3 MeV
ƒ
Commission e-beam and then pbar cooling in
Recycler, parasitic to HEP, then intro e-cooled
stacks to HEP (05)
ƒ
Still R&D (until pbar cooling demonstrated next
year), but excellent progress
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Tevatron
Major improvements so far
ƒ Lifetime at 150 GeV
¾ Larger aperture, alignment and dipole un-rolls
ƒ Emittance dilution reduced
¾ De-coupling at TEV injection, optimization of injection optics
ƒ Helix improvements
ƒ CDF IP
¾ Centered beam in low beta quads (4mm move at CDF), and realigned the quadrupoles
ƒ New Low Beta Optics
¾ 20% increase in luminosity
Upgrades
ƒ Further alignment improvements in shutdown 04 (and 05)
ƒ Add separators and polarity switches in shutdown 04 and 05
Æ improved helices
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Luminosity Projections
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Luminosity Projection
ƒ Luminosity model incorporates
¾ Performance parameters from simulation, parametric model and data
¾ Long term operating experience
• Sustained average store length was 15 hrs (now >24)
• Sustained average 85 store hrs/week (operating weeks often >>100)
¾ Scheduled shutdowns + turn on & recovery + learning slopes
¾ Expect to do better on some parameters, worse on others
ƒ What’s new
¾ The following plots are from Feb04 DOE review
• Illustrate strategy
• Updated projection will be similar in scale
¾ We are in the process of updating the projections for:
• e-cooling and stacktail schedules and strategy
• Improved reliability (longer stores and stacking)
• Mixed-source op - assume break even (conservative)
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Design and Base Projections (Feb04 DOE Review)
Integrated Luminosity
10
9
Design Projection
- No schedule contingency, maintains
eng. design margin per subproject
-1
Integrated Luminosity (fb )
8
7
6
Design Projection
Base Projection
- Assumes schedule slip for all
5
subprojects and that all subprojects
under perform
Base Projection
4
3
2
1
0
9/29/03
9/29/04
9/30/05
10/1/06
10/2/07
10/2/08
10/3/09
Start of Fiscal Year
Run II Status and Prospects - Spalding
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Design and Base Projections (Feb04 DOE Review)
Integrated Luminosity per Week
-1
Integrated Luminosity per Week (pb)
60
50
40
30
20
Phase 6
(No upgrade-related studies)
Phase 5
Phase 4
(Tevatron upgrades
(Stacktail upgrade)
complete)
Design Projection
Phase 3
(Recycler &
Electron Cooling)
Phase 2
(Slip Stacking)
Base Projection
Phase 1
(FY04)
10
We are
here
0
9/29/03
9/29/04
9/30/05
10/1/06
10/2/07
10/2/08
10/3/09
Start of Fiscal Year
Run II Status and Prospects - Spalding
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Risk Analysis / Strategy (Feb04 DOE Review)
Our plan is to deliver the Design Projection
but develop strategy for fallback scenarios:
ƒ Base Projection models schedule slip and under-performance
for all upgrades
ƒ Can also ask: where would we be
¾ without Recycler & e-cooling?
¾ with e-cooling, but without stacktail upgrade?
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Risk Analysis / Strategy (Feb04 DOE Review)
ƒ Design Projection
ƒ Black Projection
¾ Electron Cooling
¾ Stacktail Upgrade
¾ NO Electron Cooling
¾ NO Stacktail Upgrade
¾ Parameters in FY09
¾ Parameters in FY09
•
•
•
•
•
Debuncher & AP2 at 32π-mm-mrad
Slip Stacking at 8x1012 ppp
Av. Stk Rate = 39x1010/hr
Stk in Accum = 20x1010
Stk in Rec’r = 570x1010
ƒ Base Projection
•
•
•
•
•
Debuncher & AP2 at 21π
Slip Stacking at 7x1012
Av. Stk Rate = 14x1010/hr
Stk in Accum = 205x1010
Stk in Rec’r = 0x1010
ƒ Purple Projection
¾ As above with sched & param slip
¾ Electron Cooling
¾ NO Stacktail Upgrade
¾ Parameters in FY09
¾ Parameters in FY09
•
•
•
•
•
Debuncher & AP2 at 25π
Slip Stacking at 7x1012 ppp
Av. Stk Rate = 24x1010/hr
Stk in Accum = 24x1010
Stk in Rec’r = 360x1010
•
•
•
•
•
Debuncher & AP2 at 20π
Slip Stacking at 8x1012
Av. Stk Rate = 23x1010/hr
Stk in Acum = 58x1010
Stk in Rec’r = 337x1010
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Risk Analysis / Strategy (Feb04 DOE Review)
50
Integrated Luminosity per Week (pb-1
Branch points from Design Projection
40
30
20
Design
Stacktail Upgd ready to install
Rapid transfers
Acc Upgd on track
8/8/05
Purple
e-cooling antiprotons
for HEP
6/1/05
without e-cooling
& stacktail upgd
Black
10
0
9/29/03
with e-cooling, but
w/o stacktail upgd
Assumes average store
length 15 hrs
9/29/04
9/30/05
10/1/06
10/2/07
10/2/08
10/3/09
Start of Fiscal Year
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Strategy Changes
Integrated Luminosity per Week (pb-1)
50
40
30
WARNING: curves not yet updated
changes in green to be implemented
Design
e-cooling and interim stacktail
upgrade will be delayed
to fall 2005, full
interim Stacktail
upgrade in 06
upgrade
20
Black
10
mixed-source
operation
0
9/29/03
Purple
9/29/04
9/30/05
longer stores
10/1/06
10/2/07
10/2/08
10/3/09
Start of Fiscal Year
Run II Status and Prospects - Spalding
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Risk Analysis / Strategy (Feb04 DOE Review)
10
9
8.5 fb-1
Integrated Luminosity (fb-1)
8
7
Design
6.5
6
Purple
5
4.4
Black
4
3
Base
2
1
0
9/29/03
9/29/04
9/30/05
10/1/06
10/2/07
10/2/08
10/3/09
Start of Fiscal Year
Run II Status and Prospects - Spalding
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Summary
ƒ Current performance is above the design projection
ƒ 80% higher weekly luminosity than a year ago
ƒ Major achievements in the last year (Tevatron perf, Recycler…)
ƒ There is a complex-wide plan for the Run II campaign
ƒ Plan is dynamic: schedule/scope adjustments, mixed-source,
capitalize on improved reliability
ƒ The upgrade projects are making good technical progress
ƒ The plan and progress are formally reviewed by DOE
ƒ With the updated plan, expect the design projection to be close
to the previous 8.5 fb-1 2009, with fall-back scenarios >4.5 fb-1
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