Global Energy Interconnection and Northeast Asia Grid Dr. Chen Gesong

Global Energy Interconnection
and Northeast Asia Grid
Dr. Chen Gesong
State Grid Corporation of China
17/12/2015
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“China will propose discussions on establishing global energy interconnection to
facilitate efforts to meet the global power
demand with clean and green alternatives”.
----Chinese President Xi Jinping
Exert the influence of the UN to support
and promote the construction of global
energy interconnection and support
human
society’s
sustainable
development.
-----UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon
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Part I Global Energy Interconnection（GEI）
1. What is GEI
2. Why we need GEI
3. How to build GEI
Video: GEI
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GEI= UHV + Smart Grid + Clean Energy
4
UHV - Backbone of GEI
 1000kV AC or above
 ± 800kV DC or above
 Advantage: Long distance,
High capacity, Low loss
库鲁特舍
克拉
换流站
恰姆
帕
换流
站
DC ± 1100kV
DC ± 500kV
Capacity
12GW
3GW
Distance
5000km
<1000km
Line loss
2% /1000km
8% /1000 km
China UHV projects under
operation:
3AC + 6 DC
transmitted 520 TWh
construction:
4AC + 5 DC
Overseas UHVDC projects
under construction :
2 in Brazil
2 in India
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Smart Grid – Foundation of GEI
 High flexibility and adaptability for clean energy, DG, micro grid
 Integration of smart equipment, intelligent city, customer interaction
Smart Grid projects of SGCC
 National Wind-PV-Storage
Transmission demonstration
Project:
500MW wind power
100MW solar power
70MW storage power
 Zhoushan ± 200kV 1GW fiveend VSC HVDC Project.
 2100 Smart Substations
 310 Million Smart Meters
 800 EV Charging Stations
 24,000 Charging Poles
National Wind-PV-Storage Transmission
demonstration Project in North Zhangjiakou
Zhoushan ± 200kV five-end VSC HVDC Project
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Clean Energy – Focus of GEI
 Technology innovation
Wind turbine: 8MW; Solar power efficiency: 20-35%.
 Installed Capacity:
370GW wind power, 190GW solar power in 2014.
 Cost competitive:
China: Wind: 0.07$/kWh; Solar: 0.13 $/kWh.
Unit: cents per KWh
单位：美分/千瓦时
40
30
Solar
光伏发电
Fossil
化石能源发电
20
10
0
2010
World Installed power capacity and growth rates of
wind and solar, 2000-2014
Onshore
陆上风电
Wind
2020
2030
2040
2050
Comparisons of costs development
trends of onshore wind power, Solar
power and fossil fuel
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Challenges
Two
Replacements
GEI
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Challenges
Energy
Security
Environment
Pollution
SO2, NOX
Climate
Change
1t fossil=2t CO2
Acid Rain Areas
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Solutions-Two Replacements
 Clean energy replacement：replacing fossil fuels with clean energy like
solar and wind power in energy development side, cutting the emission
of CO2 and SO2, NOx, etc.
 Electricity replacement: replacing consumption of fossil fuels like coal
and oil with electricity in energy consumption side, increasing the
energy efficiency and improving environment conditions.
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Platform-GEI
3.1 实施“两个替代”的必然要求
Coal Power
Gas Power
 Platform for clean energy replacement:
 Adapt to the uneven-distribution,
randomness of wind and solar power Hydropower
generation;
 Develop clean energy in large scale.
 0.05% of clean energy can meet total Wind power
demand of the whole world.
 Platform for electricity replacement
 Allocate electricity worldwide
 Provide reliable electricity supply
Grid
Load
Thermal Power
Solar Power
>1000TW
Allocation of world wind Resource
Tidal Power
Nuclear Power
> 100,000TW
Allocation of world solar resource
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now
2020
2030
2050
Phase 1: domestic interconnection

Promote national smart grid and interconnection

Promote domestic clean energy development
Phase 2: continental interconnection

Promote continental cross-border interconnections

Promote continental clean energy bases development
Phase 3: intercontinental interconnection

Realize intercontinental grid connection

Develop Arctic and equatorial clean energy

Form a global energy interconnection
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(1) Domestic interconnection-China
国家电网
State Grid
 SGCC will build UHV
AC/DC hybrid grid
 By 2020, eastern and
western synchronized
State Grid
 By 2025,a unified
synchronized State Grid
南方电网
China Southern Grid
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(2)Continental Interconnection – Asia
 Grid Interconnection
Asia Grid includes:
 Northeast Asia Grid,
 Middle Asia Grid,
 Southeast Asia Grid,
 South Asia Grid,
 Middle east Grid
 Clean Energy
By 2050,
Central
Asia
South Asia
Legend
Hydropower
Wind Power
Solar Power
Oceania
Asian interconnected power grid
38,000TWh
Distributed
4,500 TWh
Centralized
29,000 TWh
Arctic and Equatorial
4,700 TWh
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(3)Global Interconnection
1,200
800
North America
Europe
1,500
1,000
Asia
2,500
Africa
1,000
South America
Unit:TWh
Oceania
Power Supply Structure in 2050 (TWh)
Region
Demand
Centralized
Generation
Distributed
Generation
From Arctic
From Equatorial
Asia
38,000
28,900
4,500
1,200
3,500
Europe
9,500
6,300
900
800
1,500
North America
10,200
7,700
1,600
1,000
0
South America
5,100
3,300
800
0
1,000
Africa
9,500
3,500
3,000
0
3,000
Oceania
700
500
300
0
0
Total
73,000
50,000
11,000
3,000
9,000
(Unit: trillion kWh)
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(4) Benefits of GEI

Promoting clean energy development, 80%

Meeting electricity demand ,73,000TWh

Reducing carbon emission, 11.5 billion tones CO2
Replacing 24 billion tons of standard coal annually
Cutting 67 billion tons of carbon dioxide annually
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23Btons
20
11.5Bton
s
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Distributed
Generation
From Arctic
and Equatorial
10
5
Centralized Generation
Energy structure
Power supply structure
0
Carbon Emission
1990
2050
 Controlling temperature rise within 2℃.
The challenges of energy security, environment pollution and climate
change can be solved.
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Part II Northeast Asia Grid (NEAG)
1. Importance of NEAG
2. Roadmap of NEAG
3. Benefits of NEAG
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Population
Northeast Asia
24%
 Promoting the construction of GEI.
•
•
•
An important part of Asian grid
Conjunction for Europe-Asia-North America grid
Promoting Arctic wind power development
76%
Rest of the world
Northeast Asia
Europe
Northeast Asia
Grid
Rest of the world
Electricity Generation
Northeast Asia
36%
64%
Rest of the world
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 Promoting clean energy development in Northeast Asia
Wind Resource in Russia
10,400 TWh/year
Hydro Resource in Russia
700TWh/year
Wind Resource in Mongolia
2,500 TWh/year
Solar Resource in Mongolia
3,400 TWh/year
Wind Resource in China
20,000 TWh/year
Solar Resource in China
85,000 TWh/year
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 Promoting regional energy balance and safety
Net Import of Energy in 2013
Import
503.17
436.8
Unit: Million tons of oil equivalent
400
232.4
200
-11.78
0
China
Japan
Korea
Russia
Mongolia
Export
-200
-400
-600
-592.94
Source : IEA, Energy Balances of OECD Countries 2014;
Energy Balances of non-OECD Countries 2014.
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Principles of constructing NEAG
• From easiness to hardness
• From near to distant
Step 1
Interconnection
of China, Russia
and Mongolia
Step 2
Interconnection of
China, Korean
Peninsula and
Japan
Step 3
Interconnection
of NEAG
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(1) Interconnection of China, Russia and Mongolia Grid
Energy sending :
Wind and solar power in Mongolia
Hydropower in Far East and Siberia
Wind power in Northeast China
Project
Voltage
Capacity
ERKO Zipf, Russia - Bazhou, China
± 800kV
8GW
Irkutsk, Russia – Tangshan, China
± 800kV
8GW
Mongolia – Jinan, China
± 800kV
10GW
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(2) Interconnection of China, Korean Peninsula and Japan Grid
Shenyang 3GW
Pyongyang 1GW
Weihai 3GW
Seoul 3GW
Fukuoka 2GW
± 500/± 800kV multi-end DC project：4-5-6
Length：1500km, (including submarine cable 400 km);
Sending end: Shenyang, Weihai
Receiving end：Pyongyang, Seoul, Fukuoka
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(3) Northeast Asia Grid
Bering
Strait
ERKO Zipf
Grid Pattern
 UHV AC/DC backbone grid
 North-South Electricity
transmission
 West-East Electricity
transmission
Irkutsk
Mongolia
Sapporo
Fukuoka
Generation Pattern
Coordinated integration of
multiple energy sources
Combined utilization of hydro
& thermal generation
Mutual backup of Wind &
Solar power
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(4)Role of China Grid
Strong grid
Support
Technology
Support
Equipment &
Production
Support
 Receiving grid for clean energy from Russia and
Mongolia
 Sending grid for power to Korean Peninsula and Japan
 Power pool of NEAG




UHV AC/DC transmission
Controlling of large scale grid
VSC-HVDC
FACTs
 UHV AC/DC equipment
 50% of global wind turbine production capacity (28GW)
 51% of global solar cell production capacity(40GW)
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1.00
LOAD RATIO
3D benefits
 Time Zone Difference
 Seasonal Difference
 Price Difference
0.90
0.80
0.70
0.60
1
Winter
China
1.00
Japan
Korea
3
summer
Russia
Autumn4
Mongolia
Seasonal difference in Northeast Asia
0.95
0.25
0.85
0.80
0.75
0.70
1
China
3
5
7
Korea
9
11 13 15 17 19 21 23
Japan
Monglolia
Time zone difference in Northeast Asia
Russia
0.21
0.20
Dollars/kWh
0.90
Electricity Price on average
Load ratio
2
Spring
0.15
0.10
0.05
0.00
0.11
0.05
0.10
0.06
Mongolia Russia
China
Korea
Japan
Price difference in Northeast Asia
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 Sufficient energy supply
for Northeast Asia
 Reduce system reserve,
 Investment in generation and grid,
 Boost economy
Energy
Benefit
Economic
Benefit
Environment
Benefit
Social
Benefit
 Integrate clean energy
 Reduce SO2, NOX, CO2 emission
 Economic integration
 Political mutual trust
 Peoples’ interaction
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Conclusion：
 GEI is a feasible solution to challenges of
energy security, environment pollution and
climate change of the world.
 NEAG, acting as a pioneer project of GEI, will
solve the energy problems in Northeast Asia.
 SGCC will jointly promote the construction of
GEI and NEAG.
Video: GEI
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Thank you!
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