Spotted wing drosophila in North Carolina 2013 Update Hannah Joy Burrack

Spotted wing drosophila in North
Carolina
2013 Update
Hannah Joy Burrack
Jesse Hardin
Katherine Swoboda
Dylan Kraus
Doug McPhie
Department of Entomology
North Carolina host crops
2013 Impacts
Significant infestation
in caneberries
(sprayed or
unsprayed).
Blueberry infestation
developed post
harvest for southern
highbush but was
common during
rabbiteye harvest &
in processing fruit.
No reported infestation
in commercially grown
spring fruiting
strawberries. Large
infestation in research
station plots. “Soft
fruit” reported in day
neutrals, SWD
confirmed.
No reported
infestation in
commercially grown
grapes. Grape berry
moth damaged
muscadines
colonized by other
Drosophilidae.
North Carolina host crops
2013 Impacts
Activities
Season-long management programs - Efficacy & Risks
Efficacy of unregistered insecticides
Effect of spray volume on insecticide efficacy
Novel management tactics
Effects of cold temperatures on immature SWD
Blueberry variety susceptibility
Effects of diet on intraspecific competition
Local movement & infestation patterns
Status – Biology – Impacts - Management
Host selection and utilization
d
Infestation rate differs
between raspberry and
blackberry varieties when
flies have free choice
(2010-2012)
c
a
b
c
The same pattern does not
appear to hold for
blueberries (2012-2013) or
day neutral strawberries
(2013)
variety: F18,435=2.28, p = 0.0021; date, year random
Status – Biology – Impacts - Management
Season-long management
programs
Treatment Number
Weekly rotation of Materials
1. Export: Export “friendly”, maximum modes
of action (MOA)
Imidan
phosmet
OP (1B)
Malathion 8F
malathion
OP (1B)
Delegate
spinetoram
spinosyn (5)
Danitol
fenpropathrin
pyrethroid (3A)
2. ShortPHI: Short Preharvest Interval (1d
PHI)
Mustang Max
zeta-cypermethrin
pyrethroid (3A)
Malathion 8F
malathion
OP (1B)
3. Red.Risk: EPA Reduced Risk/OP
Alternatives
Delegate
spinetoram
spinosyn (5)
GA: Exirel
cyantraniliprole
ryanodine (28)
NC: Assail
acetamiprid
neonicotinoid (4A)
4. UTC: Untreated Control
Status – Biology – Impacts - Management
Study sites programs
Season-long management
Experimental design
Sites
Farms
Acres
Reps.
Varieties
GA 1
Commercial
1.8
4
Mixed highbush
GA 2
Research
3.2
4
Rabbiteye: Brightwell,
Climax, Powderblue
NC 1
Commercial
12
3
Highbush: Duke
NC 2
Commercial
6.4
4
Highbush: Legacy
Status – Biology – Impacts - Management
Approaches
Data collection
• Monitor impacts of D. suzukii
– Adult trap captures, weekly
– Larval infestation, weekly
• Pesticide residues, 7DAT
– Analysis by GA Dept of Ag
• Bioassays: 0DAT & 7DAT
– 5m + 5f flies
– checked 1, 3, 5d for survival
Status – Biology – Impacts - Management
Approaches
Data collection
• Monitor impacts of D. suzukii
– Adult trap captures, weekly
– Larval infestation, weekly
• Pesticide residues, 7DAT
– Analysis by GA Dept of Ag
• Bioassays: 0DAT & 7DAT
– 5m + 5f flies
– checked 1, 3, 5d for survival
No significant
mortality was
observed in any
treatments when
bioassays were
collected 7DAT
Maximum observed pesticide residues
ppm
zeta-cypermethrin
1.00
0.80
0.60
0.40
0.20
0.00
NC 1 NC 2 GA 1 GA 2
NC 1 NC 2 GA 1 GA 2
6.00
4.00
2.00
0.00
NC 1 NC 2 GA 1 GA 2
NC 1 NC 2 GA 1 GA 2
spinetoram
ppm
8.00
10.00
8.00
6.00
4.00
2.00
0.00
0.50
0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00
malathion
phosmet
fenpropathrin
5.00
4.00
3.00
2.00
1.00
0.00
NC 1 NC 2 GA 1 GA 2
acetamiprid cyantraniliprole
2.00
2.00
1.50
1.50
1.00
1.00
0.50
0.50
0.00
0.00
NC NC
1 2
GA GA
1 2
Season-long management programs
Efficacy & Risks
Observed infestation
(field and laboratory)
in 7 SHB and 4 RE
varieties
No significant
differences in
infestation in the field
No significant
differences in
oviposition or
developmental
success in laboratory
Season-long management programs
Efficacy & Risks
NC Site 1
NC Site 2
2.00
2.00
Export
ShortPHI
Red.Risk
1.20
0.80
UTC
1.60
End of Treatment
Larvae/berry
1.60
ShortPHI
Red.Risk
1.20
0.80
0.40
0.40
0.00
0.00
UTC
End of Treatment
Export
Status – Biology – Impacts - Management
Site Infestation
2 Female
Bioassay
NC Site
11DAT
Season-long
management
programs
NC Site 2 – Female bioassay mortality
Status – Biology – Impacts - Management
Infestation
NC Site
1
Season-long
management
programs
NC Site 2 – Females Export
Phosmet
**** Spinetoram
Malathion
****
Malathion
***
Phosmet
Fenpropathrin
* Indicates significant difference between treatment and control
Status – Biology – Impacts - Management
Infestation
NC Site
1
Season-long
management
programs
NC Site 2 – Males Export
Phosmet
****
Malathion
Spinetoram
****
Malathion
***
****
Fenpropathrin
Phosmet
* Indicates significant difference between treatment and control
Status – Biology – Impacts - Management
Site 2Infestation
Bioassay
Fruit
NC Site
Infestation
1
Season-long
management
programs
NC Site 2 – Bioassay fruit infestation
Acetamiprid
Spinetoram
Spinetoram
Acetamiprid
Week
2
3
4
6
Chi-sq
11.72
11.54
9.10
4.18
P
0.0084
0.0091
0.028
0.243
Spray volume effects on efficacy
0 DAT
Spray volume effects on efficacy
9 DAT
Unregistered material efficacy
0 DAT
Unregistered material efficacy
7-10 DAT
Effects of diet on intraspecific
competition
a
In artificial diets, performance
suffers as density increases
ab
bc
Fdf = 6.253,26, p = 0.0024
c
Effects of diet on intraspecific
competition
b
a
a
c
b
In artificial diets, performance
suffers as density increases
b
c
c
Fruit observations
Larvae consistently
performed better in
raspberries despite
densities of up to 3.5 eggs/g
fruit
(40 larvae/10 ml = 3/g diet)
Larvae: Fdf = 42.443,25, p <0.0001
Total: Fdf = 32.823,27, p <0.0001
Effects of diet on intraspecific
competition
0.8
Survival reduced in
poor quality diets
Standard diets and
raspberry
comparable
Proportion Survival
Competition more
acute in low
carbohydrate diets
0.7
Diet*Eggs: F9,403= 2.65, p = 0.0054
a
ab
abc
abc
abc
abc
0.6
0.5
a
Raspberry
Standard
No Yeast
No Molasses
abc
bcd
bcdbcd
cd
cd
cde
0.4
de
0.3
0.2
e
0.1
0
5
10
20
40
Effects of diet on intraspecific
competition
Total Development Time
Development
time extended
in poor quality
diets
Standard diets
and raspberry
comparable
Raspberry
f
Standard
16.5
No yeast
16
cde
bcde
15.5
Days
More acute in
low amino acid
diets
17
15
ef
de
de
No molasses
bcde
abcd
ab
ab
ab
ab
abc
abc
a
a
14.5
14
13.5
13
5
10
20
Egg Density
40
Diet*Eggs: F9,145= 4.08, p = 0.0001