Regional Policy Dialogue Sustainable Urbanization in South Asia

Regional Policy Dialogue
Sustainable Urbanization in South Asia
Promise of Information Technology (IT) and IT-enabled
Services for Improving Urban Governance
Dr. Anupam Khanna
New Delhi, December 18, 2014
New Emerging Centres
Tier–2/3 cities account for around
30 per cent of all operational IT SEZs
Tier–2/3 cities in India
IT–BPM SEZ Unit Growth*
Srinagar
532
Ludhiana
Chandigarh
303
Dehradun
Gangtok
Lucknow
Varanasi
Patna
Kanpur
Allahabad
Jaipur
Ahmedabad
Vadodara
Shimla
589
Gwalior
Ranchi
Bhopal
Siliguri
Guwahati
Durgapur
2008
2010
2012
*Formal Approvals
Source: NASSCOM; SEZ, India; KPMG Analysis; ITP Division, MoEA, Govt. of India
Indore
Surat
Raipur
Nagpur
Nashik
Aurangabad
Bhubaneswar
Visakhapatnam
Advantages offered by Tier–2/3 Cities
• Availability of Knowledge Pool
Vijayawada
Goa
• Lower Operating Cost
Hubli-Dharwar
Mysore
Mangalore
Coimbatore
Kochi
Thiruvananthapuram
Pondicherry
Salem
Tiruchirapalli
Madurai
Tier-2 Cities
Tier-3 Cities
• Government Support and regulation
• Developing Infrastructure
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23-Dec-14
Cities as engines of growth
Domestic IT-BPM Firms
TALENT
POOL
MOTIVATING
FACTOR
RANK - 1
COST COMPETITIVENESS
INFRASTRUCTURE
BUSINESS
ENVIRONMENT
GOVERNMENT POLICIES
REAL ESTATE
MOTIVATING FACTOR
MOTIVATING FACTOR
HYGIENE FACTOR
HYGIENE FACTOR
HYGIENE FACTOR
RANK – 1
RANK - 3
RANK - 4
RANK - 5
RANK - 6
International IT-BPM Firms
TALENT
POOL
MOTIVATING
FACTOR
RANK - 1
23-Dec-14
COST COMPETITIVENESS
INFRASTRUCTURE
GOVERNMENT POLICIES
REAL ESTATE
BUSINESS
ENVIRONMENT
HYEGINE FACTOR
HYEGINE FACTOR
HYGIENE FACTOR
HYGIENE FACTOR
HYGIENE FACTOR
RANK – 2
RANK - 2
RANK - 2
RANK - 3
RANK - 4
Technology can transform India’s ability to provide
basic services
Basic services
Potential technology and services’ solutions
Healthcare
50% of Indians do not have access to primary healthcare –
technology can provide it at half the cost
Financial
services
80% of Indian households are unbanked – technology can
enable access for 200 million families
Education
India faces a 3-fold shortage in teachers – technology can
address this through remote solutions (e.g., virtual
classrooms, recorded lectures by senior faculty, modular
multimedia content)
Public
services
India suffers from a leakage of 40-50% in public food
distribution – technology can ensure transparency
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23-Dec-14
4
E-Governance : Harnessing technology to increase access,
affordability and accountability for essential services
Some key eGovernance projects are :
•
•
•
•
Online registration of companies
E-Filing of Income tax returns
Online application of passports
Aadhar/UID
Innovative Products and
Services
• Increase in accessibility of
essential amenties such as
health care and education
• Increase in affordability of
products while maintaining
quality
• Elimination of structural
inefficiencies
Public Services and EGovernance Projects
• Elimination of ineffeciencies
• Reduction in redundancies
and increase in
collaboration among
different departments
• Reduction in corruption,
improvement in citizen’s
experiences
Some key technology solutions are:
• E-Learning and knowledge portals
• Telemedicine solutions such as e•
Sanjeevani
Online banking
5
Focus on better service delivery & increasing
transparency is the key demand driver for IT adoption
Delivering government services
at citizens’ doorstep
23-Dec-14
Source: Zinnov Analysis
• Banking
• Land records
• Healthcare
• Education
• Food and civil supplies
• Employment
Focus on increasing
transparency
• Right to Information
• Complaint registration
• Public grievance redressal
• Taxation
• Audits
Focus on reducing
administrative and commercial
losses
• Efficient utilization of
resources/grants
• Interoperability/integration
• Electronic transactions
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Aadhar - What will it do?
• The Unique Identification : 12 digit number for every individual, including infants.
• Linked to Biometric and Demographic information
• Will enable 'anytime, anywhere, anyhow' authentication.
• Creation of the world’s largest database – 1.2 bn people.
Benefits and usage
The focus resident segments are:
• Empowering poor & underprivileged
residents to access public services
including banking, public distribution
system, education, healthcare, direct
benefit transfers, etc.
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


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• Aadhaar provided migrants mobility of
identity.
Below Poverty Line (BPL) families
Marginalized and the deprived
Landless labourers
Daily wage earners
Minorities (by caste, religion, etc.)
Migrants
Women
Children, especially 6-14 age group
Source: www.uidai.gov.in
23-Dec-14
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Service Delivery potential due to Authentication
• Transactions normally require verification of identity
• Aadhaar online authentication will provide a common platform which can be
used across all transactions and other applications.
• Entitlements should reach the intended beneficiary – non-transferability can be
ensured
• This can be effectively done by authentication at the point of service delivery
• Many sectors will be able to use as a proof of presence for the beneficiary
Aadhaar based government application pilots –
Country wide spread
Jharkhand
MGNREGA,
Tripura
Scholarshi
ps
Andhra
Pradesh
Old Age
Pension
PDS
Aadhaar
Applicatio
ns in States
Maharasht
ra
Sikkim
Employee
Salary
Social
Security
Pensions
Karnataka
LPG
Subsidy
Aadhaar accepted as KYC for various
services
Mobile connections
1
4
2
State Government Services
Bank A/Cs, Insurance, etc.
5
Train Travel
LPG Connections
3
6
?
Many other services…
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Micro-ATM transactions
1. Handheld device and battery powered
2. Online connectivity through mobile network
3. Micro-ATM standards set by RBI and IBA
(manufactured by multiple vendors)
4. Biometric scanners are certified
5. Interoperable devices and can work for any
bank and any BC
Total online transaction time less than 15 seconds –
Verified on the ground from Tripura, Jharkhand, Maharashtra, and Andhra Pradesh
The impact…
Local
Language
Content
Social
Networks
Credit
Registries
Digital
Identity
Digital /
Online
Payment
Govt.
Services
Insurance,
banking
Mobile
Commerce
Aadhaar identity platform
and Aadhaar enabled
applications
can help a billion people
to participate
in digital economy
and avail services tailored to
them!
Snapshot of E-Governance Programs in Bihar
NeGP INITIATIVES
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
BSWAN (Bihar State Wide Area Network)
CSC (CSC -Vasudha Kendra)
e-District
e-Procurement
State Portal (BiharOnline)
SSDG (State Service Delivery Gateway)
SDC (State Data Centre)
CCTNS
(Crime & Criminal Tracking Network System)
STATE IT INITIATIVES
• BRAIN - DC
(Bihar Revenue Administration Intranet Data Centre)
• SecLAN (Secretariat Local Area Network)
• CTMIS
(Comprehensive Treasury Mgt Information System)
• VATMIS (Value Added Tax Mgt Information System)
• iWDMS (Integrated Work Flow & DMS)
• ICT @ School
• e-Shakti
• BKC (Bihar Knowledge Centre)
• MoP (Modernization of Prison)
• Sec ID (Secretariat Identification)
• Jaankari I (RTI Call Centre) &
• Jaankari II (RTI online)
• BHSWAN (Bihar Horizontal State Wide Area Network)
Other Initiatives
• High Court Digitization: Digitization and Microfilming of 100 years records of High
Court. This involves building up a dedicated data center for HC
• City Surveillance and DIAL 100: Enhancement of city security by placing IP-Based
CCTV Camera at sensitive locations. This is to be integrated with modern Control
room connected to GPS based police tracking vehicles
• Monitoring of ASHA workers thru M-Governance: Monitoring of ASHA health
workers using Mobile Technology.
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Other Initiatives
• E-Awaas: To strengthen the monitoring and evaluation (M&E) of IAY through
Global Positioning System (GPS) and Time Stamped Photography enabled
program
• eMMGS: The Electronic Muster, Measurement & Gram Sabha System (eMMGS) is
a technology solution for achieving complete transparency in MGNREGS
• Modernization of PACS: Using Technology to enhance efficiency of Procurement
of food grains by cooperative societies. Farmers would get right amount in their
bank accounts and would not have to wait long for getting paid.
• Modernization of PDS: Improving the efficiency and effectiveness of supply chain
management in food grain distribution through Fair Price Shop
NASSCOM Support for Smart Cities Initiative
• Consultation workshops with MoUD for members in August and
September on 100 Smart Cities initiative
• NASSCOM requested to take the lead in defining the IT Roadmap for
Smart Cities
• NASSCOM entrusted with responsibility to develop Reference Model
on technology architecture framework for Safe City, GIS and ICT
• NASSCOM partnering with distinct knowledge partners
• Involving members of industry and a cross-section of state govts
Case: E-Procurement for Public Works in India and Indonesia
Source: Lewis-Faupel, et al (2014) NBER Working Paper
• Construction Quality & Quantity of Infrastructure Often Low
• Limited Supply of Competent Contractors
• Collusion in Bidding …and more
• Corruption among Public Officials
• E-Procurement meant to address these, esp Lack of Information
• Improvements Expected
• Lower Prices
• Higher Quality
• Timely and Efficient Execution
• Findings (from Reviewing Thousands of Roadworks Contracts)
• Price Impact Statistically Insignificant
• Better Construction Quality in India; Reduced Completion Delays in Indonesia
• Implications
• Political Economy Challenges