Sectoral perspectives in the implementation of Energy

Sectoral perspectives in the implementation of
the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development:
Energy
Dr. Milou Beerepoot
Programme Director, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale
Zusammenarbeit (GIZ), Thailand
Page 1
“Energy” accelerates progress across SDGs
• Modern energy access for all (2030)
• Increase share of renewable energy (2030)
• Double improvement energy efficiency (2030)
• Enhance access to research and technology (2030)
• Expand infrastructure and upgrade technology (2030)
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(Modern) Energy Access for all
Energy
Development Index
Household
indicator
Share of population
with electricity access
and per-capita
residential electricity
consumption
Share of modern fuels
within the residential
sector
Electricity access
in households
Modern
cooking fuels
Community
indicator
Per-capita public
sector electricity
consumption
Electrification
service sector
Share of productive
uses in total final
consumption
Modern energy in
economic
activities
Source: IEA, World Energy Outlook 2012
Page 3
Energy Development Index Asia 2010 (and 2002)
Source:
Based on
IEA WEO
2012 EDI
database
Page 4
Electricity access in Developing Asia 2012
Region
China
India
Southeast Asia
Brunei
Cambodia
Indonesia
Laos
Malaysia
Myanmar
Philippines
Thailand
Vietnam
Rest of developing Asia
Bangladesh
DPR Korea
Mongolia
Nepal
Pakistan
Sri Lanka
Other Asia
Developing Asia
Population
without
electricity
millions
National
electrification
rate
%
Urban
electrification
rate
%
Rural
electrification
rate
%
3
100%
100%
94%
67%
92%
65%
100%
99%
97%
18%
92%
59%
93%
70%
100%
99%
60%
18%
89%
52%
100%
99%
100%
94%
82%
52%
90%
48%
36%
11%
98%
73%
97%
72%
88%
57%
97%
88%
29
100%
75%
77%
100%
34%
76%
78%
100%
32%
70%
99%
96%
61%
60%
26%
90%
76%
69%
89%
32%
59%
23%
620
83%
95%
74%
304
140
0
10
60
1
0
36
29
1
4
175
62
18
0
7
56
2
Source: IEA Energy
Access Database
WEO 2014
Page 5
Traditional use of biomass for cooking in
developing Asia - 2012
Region
China
India
Southest Asia
Brunei
Cambodia
Indonesia
Laos
Malaysia
Myanmar
Philippines
Singapore
Thailand
Vietnam
Rest of developing Asia
Bangladesh
DPR Korea
Mongolia
Nepal
Pakistan
Sri Lanka
Other Asia
Developing Asia
Percentage of population
Population relying on
relying on traditional use of
traditional use of biomass
biomass
millions
%
448
33%
815
66%
280
46%
0
0%
13
89%
105
42%
4
65%
0
0%
49
93%
47
49%
0
0%
16
24%
45
51%
332
74%
138
89%
12
47%
2
70%
22
80%
112
62%
15
74%
32
76%
1.875
51%
Source: IEA Energy Access
Database WEO 2014
Page 6
Challenges modern energy access for all
• Electricity price subsidies create unfeasable business cases for
power development (alternative social support needed)
• Difficult finance conditions when higher risk of e.g. utilities
(in subsidised electricity market), difficult areas of access
without adequate commercial return and (complex) regulation
• Grid extension, mini grid or off-grid developments? (possible
grid extension influences finance conditions)
• Risk of gains being offset by population growth and increasing
energy demand related to GDP growth
• Modern cooking can have relatively low priority among
households and cultural factors play an important role
• Regional collaboration can share and build on success cases
and common challenges in cultural aspects of energy access
(modern cooking)
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Increase shares Renewable Energy
Vietnam
Thailand
India
Philippines
Myanmar
Malaysia
Mongolia
Indonesia
Source: IRENA
country profiles
IRENA Note: The
information on resources
should be taken as an
indication only. It refers to a
general trend of available
resources, and does not
prejudge the feasibility of
individual projects. The
thresholds are indicative, and
do not refer to any
technological choice. The
analysis is based on the
literature.
Cambodia
Sri Lanka
• Many Asian countries have good renewable energy resources but
- except for hydropower and to some extent geothermal - higher up
front investment, finance conditions, stable supportive policy
frameworks and variable output remain challenges
• Variable renewable electricity can be absorbed by larger power grids:
regional interconnection of power grid can offer solutions
Page 8
Increase shares Renewable Energy
Source: IEA ASEAN Energy Outlook (2015)
based on ERIA
• Regional power system interconnection can address several goals
• Requires regional collaboration on adequate infrastructure as well
as co-operative and complementary operational frameworks
Page 9
Relation energy efficiency and renewables
Source: IRENA &
SE4All EE Hub
working paper 2015
Share of modern renewables in Final Energy (%)
• Lower energy demand from measures to accelerate
11/30/2015
energy efficiency contributes to increasing the
renewable energy share: energy efficiency and
renewable energy strategy should be integrated
Page 10
Double improvement of Energy efficiency
Energy intensity of industry and structural changes in Thailand (2004-2012)
0.0%
=
-0.2%
%/year
-0.4%
-0.6%
-0.1%
Source: GIZ/TGPEEDP
+
-1.1%
-1.2%
-0.8%
-1.0%
-1.2%
-1.4%
Energy intensity
"Energy Efficiency"
Structural effects
• Energy efficiency (EE) is complex due to many, different end-use
sectors, each with very different (EE) investment considerations
• EE has “invisible” output: monitoring and evaluation of EE can
benefit from regional collaboration on Energy Efficiency
Indicators
Page 11
Regional Road Map Key Points to consider
• Access: A first key priority is access to Energy: Roadmap should
focus on sharing and building on success cases and common
challenges in cultural contexts wrt energy access (e.g. cooking)
• Renewable Energy and Integrated Strategy: Road Map should
consider renewable energy and energy efficiency in integrated
strategy
• Regional strategy: Regional roadmap must consider developing
regional strategy in accessing climate funds for EE and RE
• Regional Grid Integration: Build on ongoing paths of regional
power grid integration: from bilateral cross-border to sub-regional
and eventually regional networks
• Collaborate on regional level in monitoring and evaluation:
common definitions of “renewable energy” and development of
regional approach in “energy efficiency indicators”
• Overall in any sectoral approach, be it Energy or other areas look at
Integration of Economy, Society and Environment as the bench
mark of Sustainable Development Goals and Agenda.
Page 12
Thank you
Contact: [email protected]
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