Document 2702294

Case Study 2
Country:
City:
Key Sector:
Inonesia
Tanjung Pinang (Senggarang)
Innovative wastewater management
Local Partner Organization
Geography and Population
Tanjung Pinang Municipality
Area: 131.54 km2
Population:
229,396 registered
Contact Information
Tanjung Pinang Municipality: Project Coordinator:
Heni Aritono
Contact:
[email protected]
Nisa Nidasari
Tel.: +6285695277764
4 sub districts, 18
urban villages, 166
village clusters
(RW), and 674
neighborhood
institutions (RT).
Tanjungpinang
Contact:
[email protected]
Summary
Tanjung Pinang Municipality expressed their interest in innovative waste water management apt for
coastal settlement of Senggarang and requested the GIZ Nexus Project to conduct a study in this
area.
Senggarang is an urban village of Tanjung Pinang located in a plateau area. Surrounded by sea,
Senggarang has been assigned as strategic position for a new city center. Senggarang
Administration consists of 7 RW and 16 RT with an area of 23 km2. Key characteristics of
Senggarang are that a majority of inhabitants live along coastal area and their buildings are located
on the sea on stilts. However, there has not been an establishment of a suitable sewerage system
yet.
In February 2015, municipal officers of Tanjung Pinang Municipality attended vacuum sewerage
technical training in Bangkok organized by the GIZ Nexus Project with the objective of improving
perspectives of sustainable wastewater management, understanding principle of vacuum sewerage
technology and exploring opportunities for effective implementation of vacuum sewerage system
within local infrastructure.
The feasibility study on innovative wastewater management in Senggarang demonstrates potentials
of the vacuum sewerage system for improvement of sanitation systems in the settlement.
Rationale
The coastal settlement of Senggarang is a vital residential area of Tanjung Pinang. Located near
the city hall and the port of the city with many famous Chinese-Buddhist temples, this settlement
has become a strategic location for various activities with high demand of tourists who mostly come
from Singapore for praying at the temples. However, with more than 4,000 people living there, the
provision of basic infrastructure is still limited, especially sanitation and solid waste infrastructure.
The lack of an appropriate sewerage system presents relevant problems with regard to the human
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and ecosystem in the settlement.
Sanitation is a predominant concern of most coastal settlements. In the coastal settlement of
Senggarang, the sea does not only serve as local dominant source of socioeconomic activities
(e.g., fishery, transport, recreation, etc.), it is also the center of unhealthy sanitation practices. A
large majority of the buildings on the sea in the settlement has no sewage facilities. Fecal waste
containing bacteria, viruses and parasites are openly disposed into the aquatic ecosystems. When
people eat food that has been irrigated with the contaminated water of the sea, these microorganisms can infect people, who in turn will pollute the environment via their feces and/or urine.
Although regular tidal washes keep the inshore area less filthy, some of the fecal wastes are still
either floating on the sea or remaining on the mudflat.
In the past, providing an effective sewerage system in coastal areas was difficult and costly due to
topographical limitations (i.e., flat terrain, rocky surface, etc.) for conventional systems like gravity.
However, there are currently affordable-alternative sewerage technologies to deal with these
limitations.
Being responsible to provide services to people, the City of Tanjung Pinang needs to start
establishing an appropriate infrastructure for sustainable wastewater management in the settlement
in order to prevent the future costs of public health, environmental degradation and economic
damage.
Project Description
The objective of this pilot project is to provide solutions for an appropriate sewerage system for
sustainable wastewater management in the coastal settlement of Senggarang.
The vacuum wastewater collection system, not requiring a gravity slope of 2 % is the most effective
solution for managing wastewater in the settlement predominantly on sea. The system is completely
sealed (no exfiltration) apt in particular for flat areas, high water table and little space for pipe laying.
It moreover requires less construction time, hence less construction costs and reduced
inconvenience for the residents. It is also considered as a “low-cost” technology in comparison to
the gravity sewer system with less intervention (“minimal invasive intervention”).
A sanitary survey has been conducted by the GIZ Nexus team during 26 February – 4 March 2015
to analyze the existing situation related to wastewater & sanitation aspects in the selected study
area. Students of the Universitas Maritim Raja Ali Haji were recruited to conduct interviews in
Bahasa. The area of the coastal settlement of Senggarang is approximately 40,000 m2 with 438
establishments. During the survey 299 establishments were interviewed, amounting to 68 percent
of the total establishments in the settlement. The remaining 32 percent not covered by the survey
were abandoned buildings, buildings under construction and establishments where nobody could
be reached.
The results show that there are 1,243 residents living in the settlement with an average of 4 people
per establishment. Being a historical residential area, a majority of the establishments are
residential buildings - 285 houses out of the total surveyed establishments. The number of residents
directly influences the quantity of wastewater produced in a community. The average water
consumption rate for residents is calculated at 110 liters/person/day. In the settlement, each
establishment has a sink in its kitchen and a set of sanitary ware including a toilet and shower in the
bathroom. Consequently, the communities here produce more than 136,730 liters/day (136 m3) of
grey water. In addition, there is typically also a washing machine per establishment. Washing
machines are one of the most water-consuming appliances with 155 liters of water per load on
average. These washing machines hence produce an additional significant amount of grey water.
Unfortunately, no appropriate sewerage collection and disposal system is provided in the settlement
to collect any kind of wastewater. This huge amount of wastewater hence flows to the sea causing
marine pollution.
A majority of the establishments on land are using old septic tanks, made of bricks and concrete –
up to 80 tanks altogether. As these old septic tanks in their great majority are neither constructed
nor maintained properly, they leak fecal matters and bacteria to the ground water and the soil.
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There is a common well that 24 households with no water pipe connection use for external
consumption. As located far away from the septic tanks, the quality of the water is relatively good
compared to the water of the running pipe from the Chinese temple that most residents of the
coastal settlement use in their everyday life.
In terms of sanitation problems, the residents complained mainly on bad odor (48 percent), rats (46
percent), and mosquitos (40 percent). Some of them were affected by cockroaches, (21 percent).
Only 3 percent of the residents say they have health problems related to the sanitation issues.
Prior to the sanitary survey, there were three official public community consultations held on
December 8, 2014, February 26 and 27, 2015 in the coastal settlement of Senggarang. The
Tanjung Pinang Municipality team explained about the sanitation problems in the settlement and
presented the vacuum sewerage system as a solution to solve the problems of wastewater
management. Then, GIZ Nexus team was introduced to the communities as a team to conduct a
sanitary survey.
Stakeholders / Target groups
The stakeholders:

Bappenas-Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional (National Planning Agency)

Ministry of Housing and Public Works

Tanjung Pinang Municipality (Nexus Task Force consists of cross-sectoral agencies such as
city planning agency, public works agency, environmental agency, etc.)

Senggarang urban village

Government of Riau Islands Province
Target groups:

Communities and inhabitants of coastal settlement of Sengqarang.
Costs / Financing
Feasibility Study including for cost calculation is elaborate and submitted to the Authorities. The
investment costs amount to EUR 1,1 million.
Studies / Reports / Training


Feasibility Study on Vacuum Sewer System in Coastal Settlement of Senggarang Tanjung
Pinang, Indonesia, April 2015
1st Asian BILFINGER - GIZ NEXUS Vacuum Sewerage Technical Training, Bangkok, Thailand
16-17 February 2015
Results (Impact)





The project area extends to about 40,000 m2 in the coastal settlement of Sengqarang, with over
4000 inhabitants. There are high benefits and impact associated with the project as sanitary
infrastructure is a social basic need (MDG) improving the quality of life.
The pilot project on vacuum sewerage is a necessary infrastructure improvement of the coastal
settlement for protecting the coast from domestic wastewater that degrades marine ecosystem.
The clean waterfront will create more income from tourism that would in turn impact on
sustainable development of Senggarang.
The project can receive revenues from bio solids, which are a nutrient-rich organic compost of
collected domestic sewage in the vacuum vessel. These residuals can be recycled and applied
as fertilizer to improve and maintain productive soils and stimulate plant growth.
In addition, if the pilot project installs a wastewater treatment system together with the vacuum
station, the treated wastewater can be sold for irrigation purposes to agronomic lands nearby.
The pilot project will contribute to reducing health risks of waterborne disease outbreaks,
especially for the poor households.
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

Scaling up for the whole coastal area of Tanjung Pinang is envisaged after the demonstration
project has been implemented, monitored and evaluated.
Throughout the project planning and implementation, the residents of Senggarang will be better
informed about sanitation issues, and improved operational performance will result from such
awareness. By this, the establishment of the vacuum sewerage system will result in cleaner sea
and an improved quality of life.
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