PSYC 364 Professional Affairs and Ethics Fall 2006 Instructor: Arnold Kozak, Ph.D.

PSYC 364 Professional Affairs and Ethics
Fall 2006
Instructor: Arnold Kozak, Ph.D.
[email protected]
Office Hours: Mondays: Noon to 2:15;
appointment.
Dewey 348, 656-8302
Fridays:
1:00
to
2:15;
and
by
The
origins
of
professions
and
of
psychology
in
particular.
Accreditation,
laws
affecting
psychology,
organization
of
the
profession, licensing certification, and the code of ethics for
psychology.
This course will be dialogic and self-reflective, as we explore our
relationship to the field and to the ethical principles that serve as a
foundation for our actions and perspectives. We have all struggled with or
will struggle with ethical dilemmas, and the goal of this seminar is to
increase our knowledge of ethical principles and how they are applied, to
engage in debate and dialogue about dilemmas and conflicts, and to grow as
psychologists in the process of these inquiries. To do this, we must involve
ourselves with the material, and seek connections to our own experience. We
will also explore salient issues to the profession of psychology that will, as
we will see, overlap substantially with ethical considerations.
Ethics can also be considered as a verb. The actions we take and sometimes the
actions we don’t take, determine how ethical we are. Over the course of this
semester, we will endeavor to become more ethical as individuals and
professionals. To accomplish this, we are going to monitor ourselves
throughout the course of the semester and keep a journal relating to ethical
issues. We will articulate our goals and observe our reactions to situations
within our research and clinical work, and responses that arise during the
assigned readings.
Definitions from the American Heritage Dictionary
Profession: 1a. An occupation or career: “One of the highest compliments
a child can pay a parent is to choose his or her profession” (Joan
Nathan, New York Times Book Review April 30, 1989). b. An occupation,
such as law, medicine, or engineering, that requires considerable
training and specialized study. c. The body of qualified persons in an
occupation or field: members of the teaching profession. 2. An act or
instance of professing; a declaration. 3. An avowal of faith or belief.
4. A faith or belief: believers of various professions.
Ethic: 1a. A set of principles of right conduct. b. A theory or a system
of moral values: “An ethic of service is at war with a craving for gain”
(Gregg Easterbrook). 2. ethics (used with a sing. verb) The study of the
general nature of morals and of the specific moral choices to be made by
a person; moral philosophy.
3. ethics (used with a sing. or pl. verb)
The rules or standards governing the conduct of a person or the members
of a profession: medical ethics.
Ethical: Of, relating to, or dealing with ethics. 2. Being in accordance
with the accepted principles of right and wrong that govern the conduct
of a profession.
As you know, Dr. Marc Kessler taught this course for many years. This is how
he envisioned the course:
The purpose of this course is to familiarize you with issues of
psychology as a profession and with professional ethics.
We will
examine the process of ethical decision-making as well as the outcome.
I would hope that by the end of the course your thinking about ethics
will be more informed and more critical. In addition we will examine
some of the social/political/doctrinal issues facing psychology as a
profession.
In studying both of these areas, professional affairs and ethics, we are
chasing ephemera.
The issues that we are looking at change as we
examine them, they do not remain static for any time. Therefore we need
to constantly keep our eyes open for new information on these matters
and how things are evolving. – Kessler (2005)
Following in Marc’s footsteps is a daunting and exciting task. I will retain
aspects of material and assignments of the course that he taught and introduce
new perspectives.
In 1994, noted research and professor of psychology at Carnegie Mellon, Robin
Dawes, published House of Cards. This book is a scathing critique of the field
at the time. Perhaps he was spurred to write this invective tract by the
unfounded media accounts at the time of satanic ritual abuse and repressed
memories. In this book written for a popular audience, he makes the following
claims:
•
•
•
•
•
Expertise has no bearing on the effectiveness of psychotherapy. That is,
paraprofessionals can do it just as good as high priced Ph.D.s, so why
do we need so many Ph.D.s
Licensure provides more protection to the field than the public
Psychology as a profession has turned it back on science and the
profession is graduating scores of unscientific professionals
Psychologists are not qualified to give expert testimony in forensic
contexts.
Psychologists are obsessed with self-esteem despite little evidence that
is the central motivator of human experience.
Should we all just pack it in before the semester gets underway and take up
careers in a real profession like plumbing? Were Dawes’s claims valid? If so,
to what extent has the field moved to address them over the past 12 years? My
initial reaction in the form of a hope, and perhaps born of denial, was that
the field has moved to address most if not all of these indictments.
Unfortunately, as a more recent volume – Lilienfeld, Lynn, & Lohr (2003)
Science and Pseudoscience in Clinical Psychology) portrays, we have a long way
to go. In fact, the “gap” between scientist and practitioner is supposedly
widening. We will endeavor to take an honest and critical look at the issues
raised by Dawes (1995) by reading some of his chapters and consuming most of
the more recent volume. This reading will, no doubt, launch us into dialogue
about a host of issues relevant to the profession of psychology and the ethics
it embodies. These critiques touch at the heart of what we do as
psychologists. The implications are legion, and will help us to frame our
dialogues around issues such as prescription privileges for psychologists (on
this issue I will also present a perspective called “knowledge coupling”
stemming from my ten years of work at a medical software company). In addition
to the prescription, we will look at empirically supported therapies (ESTs),
and other critiques of the field (e.g., the antipsychiatry of Scientology). As
we look at our own professional development, we must confront the claims and
criticisms presented in Dawes (1995) and Lilienfeld et al. (2003) and be
mindful of their relationship to ethical behavior. These readings will no
doubt stir up some very lively debate, and I am looking forward to this! At
the very least, reading them will arm you for a potential conversation at a
cocktail party when someone cites evidence that psychology as a professional
practice is bogus.
We won’t have enough time to cover all topics relevant to the profession and
ethics. It is impossible to know everything related to ethics. We could spend
the entire semester on professional issues and, of course, there is much
2
overlap between issues confronting the profession and ethics. The dilemma of
time and material facing us in this class is the same one facing us in our
professional context – is there enough time to read and to know everything we
are supposed to know? As such, learning ethics is an organic and ongoing
process. However, we will familiarize ourselves with the current ethics code,
laws and rules of the Vermont Board of Psychological Examiners. We will also
get some grounding in the foundations of ethics and spend time working through
some dilemmas.
I include the following quotation in each of my syllabi.
Learning is not a spectator sport. Students do not learn much just by
sitting
in
class
listening
to
teachers,
memorizing
prepackaged
assignments, and spitting out answers. They must talk about what they are
learning, write about it, relate it to past experiences, apply it to
their daily lives. They must make what they learn part of themselves.
Chickering, A & Gamson, Z. F. (March 1987) Seven principles for good
practice. AAHE Bulletin 39: 3-7.
TEXTS ::
Lilienfeld, S. O., Lynn, S. J., & Lohr, J. M. (2004). Science and
Pseudoscience in Clinical Psychology. New York: Guilford Press.
Bersoff, D.N. (2003) Ethical Conflicts in Psychology (3rd Ed.) Washington,
D.C. American Psychological Association
APA Monitor and American Psychologist (current issues)
Suggested Reading ::
Dawes, R. M. (1994). House of Cards: Psychology and Psychotherapy Built on
Myth. The Free Press.
ASSIGNMENTS ::
1. Ongoing Review of APA Monitor, American Psychologist. Monthly Assignment:
(September, October, November). Each month choose one article from the current
issue of each of these publications. Preferably, the articles should address a
professional issue, rather than a report of research. Submit a 1-2 paragraph
write-up on each of the articles. Your write-up might address some or all of
the following:
-
why topic/article is of interest to you
main points of article
whether you agree or disagree with the position taken
questions the article raises for you
experiences you have had that reflect or are related to this topic
what other issues are related to this topic
why should we discuss this article in class
why is this topic being raised now
current context
historical influences
significance to the field, society
Your write-up should reflect your thoughts, musings, contemplations of the
issues raised by the article. Please type the write up (from Kessler, 2005).
2. Keep a journal or a set of notes to yourself about issues that you think
are important – particularly those that reflect your own ethical principles,
philosophy, and behavior. At the end of the semester I am going to ask you to
reflect back on the issues that we read about and discussed, and to choose at
least 4 of those that you think are most important to you and/or to the
profession (from Kessler, 2005). Please submit a 15 to 20-page reflection on
the issues you have chosen. Integrate them with the readings (i.e., cite the
3
articles and chapters) and use APA style. What I would most like to see is
your personal struggle with the issues as they relate to and are inspired by
the readings. Make sure to include the cited linkages between your
ideas/struggles and the readings, the personal struggle to deal with an
ethical dilemma, and a behavioral plan of action for the future to address
your issues.
Grading Policy ::
Everyone is expected to read all the assigned materials and to be prepared to
discuss them in class. Obviously, if you are not in class, you will not be
able to discuss them. Therefore, attendance is a component of your grade
(14%). Participation will comprise another component of the final grade. Each
student will receive a rating for participation on a 3-point scale: vigorous,
adequate,
and
insufficient
participation
(16%).
Having
said
this,
participation should be cogent and timely (i.e., speaking for the sake of
increasing your participation grade may not improve your participation grade).
The American Psychologist and Monitor article reviews (12%). The personal
journal will comprise the remaining 38%. The final 20% will be based on a
take-home 100-item multiple choice ethics exam, based on the Bersoff text.
AGENDA ::
Week One :: 30 August :: Welcome and Opening Dialogues
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Introductions
What does it mean to be ethical?
What are your concerns to date?
What are your concerns for the future?
Overview of the course and syllabus.
Priming Ethical Dialogue – review of case dilemmas.
Excerpts from the movies Deconstructing Harry
permitting)
and
Prime
(time
Week Two :: 6 September :: The Psychology Profession: Ideals and
Indictments
Lilienfeld, S. O., Lynn, S. J., & Lohr, J. M. (2004). Science and
Pseudoscience in Clinical Psychology: Initial Thoughts, Reflections, and
Considerations, In Lilienfeld, Lynn, and Lohr (Eds.), Science and
Pseudoscience in Clinical Psychology, 1-16.
Dawes (1995). House of Cards. Introduction, 7-37.
Meehl, P. E. (1973). Why I do not attend case conferences. In P.E. Meehl,
Psychodiagnosis: Selected papers (pp. 225-302). Minneapolis: University
of Minnesota Press.
Collins, R. (1979) The politics of professions.(Pgs 131-159 of Chapter 6) in
R. Collins The Credential Society. New York: Academic Press.
Greenwood, E.(1957) Attributes of a Profession. Social Work.2,(July),45-55.
Sales, B.D. (1983) The context of professional psychology.
In B.D. Sales
(Ed.) The Professional Psychologists Handbook. New York: Plenum Press.,
3-15.
Week Three :: 13 September :: Can We Be Both Scientist and
Practitioner?
Garb, & Boyle (2004). Understanding Why Some Clinicians Use Pseudoscientific
Methods: Findings from Research on Clinical Judgment In Lilienfeld,
4
Lynn, and Lohr (Eds.), Science and Pseudoscience in Clinical Psychology,
17-38.
Hunsley, Lee, & Wood (2004). Controversial and Questionable Assessment
Techniques, Hunsley, Lee, and Wood In Lilienfeld, Lynn, and Lohr (Eds.),
Science and Pseudoscience in Clinical Psychology, 39-76.
Lilienfeld, Lynn, and Lohr (2004). Science and Pseudoscience in Clinical
Psychology: Concluding Thoughts and Constructive Remedies In Lilienfeld,
Lynn, and Lohr (Eds.), Science and Pseudoscience in Clinical Psychology,
461-5.
Cattell, J. M. (1937) Retrospect: Psychology as a Profession. Journal of
Consulting and Clinical Psychology,1,1-3. (Reprinted in Journal of
Consulting and Clinical Psychology,1992,60,7-8.
Garfield, S.L. (1992) Comments on A Retrospect: Psychology as a Profession.
by J. McKeen Cattell (1937). Journal of Consulting and Clinical
Psychology, 60, 9-15.
Woodworth,R.S. (1937) The Future of Clinical Psychology.Journal of Consulting
and Clinical Psychology,1,4-5. (Reprinted in Journal of Consulting and
Clinical Psychology,1992,60,16-17.
Sechrest, L.(1992) The Past Future of Clinical Psychology: A Reflection on
Woodworth (1937). Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology,60,1823.
Boneau, C.A. (1992) Observations on Psychology's Past and Future. American
Psychologist,47,1586-1596.
Rice, C.
E.
(1997)
Scenarios: The Scientist-Practitioner split and the
future of psychology. American Psychologist,52, 1173-1181.
Cummings, N. (?) An open letter to Doctoral Students in Psychology. Graduate
Student Newsletter. APA
OPTIONAL READINGS:
Kilburg, R.R. & Pallak, M.S. (1983) A Professional's Guide to the American
Psychological Association. Chapter 6 in B.D. Sales (Ed) The professional
Psychologist's Handbook.New York: Plenum.
VandenBos, G.R.(1989) Loosely Organized _Organized Psychology_: 1988 Executive
Officer's Report. American Psychologist,44,979-986
Sokal,M.M. (1992) Origins and Early Years of the American
Association, 1890-1906.American Psychologist,47,111-122.
Psychological
Week
Empirically
Four :: 20 September :: The
Supported Treatments (ESTs)
Dodo
Bird
and
Toward a Science of Psychotherapy Research: Present Status and Evaluation,
Garske and Anderson. In Lilienfeld, Lynn, and Lohr (2004), 145-175.
New Age Therapies, Singer and Nievod. In Lilienfeld, Lynn, and Lohr (2004),
176-204.
Eysenck, H. J. (1952). The effects of psychotherapy: An evaluation. Journal of
Consulting Psychology, 16, 319–324.
Seligman, M. E. P. (1995). The effectiveness of psychotherapy: The Consumer
Reports Study. American Psychologist, 50 (12), 965-974.
5
Luborsky, L. (2002). The Dodo Bird Verdict Is Alive and Well—Mostly. Clinical
Psychology: Science and Practice, 9(1), 2-12.
Westen, D., Novotny, C.M., Thompson-Brenner, H. (2004). The empirical status
of empirically supported psychotherapies: assumptions, findings,
and reporting in controlled clinical trials. Psychological
Bulletin, 130, 631-663.
Beutler, L. (2002). The Dodo Bird Is Extinct, Clinical Psychology: Science and
Practice, 9(1), 30-34.
Week Five 27 :: September ::
Prescription Privileges
Expertise
and
the
Pursuit
of
Haskell, T.L.(1984) Introduction to The Authority of Experts. (pp ix-xxxix).
Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press.
Koehn, D. (1994) Introduction.
Ethics. London, Routledge.
Chapter 1 in The Ground of Professional
Koehn, D. (1994) The public pledge as the ground of professional authority.
Chapter 4 in The Ground of Professional Ethics. London, Routledge.
Weed, L. L. (1999). Clinical judgment revisited. Method Inform Med, 38, 27986.
Kozak, A. (1997). Prescription privileges: Hold the didactic training, heavy
on the computer tools (commentary). American Psychologist, 53, 271-272.
Kozak, A. (1996a). Local clinicians need
American Psychologist, 51, 1335-1336.
Yee,
knowledge
tools
(commentary).
W. K. (1996). Knowledge coupling: Support for psychiatric decision
making. In. M. J. Miller et al. (Eds). Mental Health Computing. New
York: Springer-Verlag.
Albee, G. W. (2002). Just say no to psychotropic drugs. J Clin Psychol, 58(6),
635-48.
Levant, R. F. & Shapiro, A. E. (2002). Training for psychologists in clinical
psychopharmacology. J Clin Psychol, 58(6), 611-5.
Hayes, S. C. & Chang, G. (2002). Invasion of the body snatchers: Prescription
privileges, professional schools, and the drive to create a new
behavioral health profession. Clin Psychol Sci Prac, 9: 264-9.
Lavoie, K. L. & Barone, S. (2006). Prescription privileges for psychologists:
A comprehensive review and critical analysis of current issues and
controversies. CNS Drugs, 20(1), 51-66.
Lacasse, J. & Leo, J. (2005). Serotonin and Depression: A Disconnect between
the Advertisements and the Scientific Literature. PLoS Medicine, Vol. 2,
No.
12.Available
at:
http://medicine.plosjournals.org/archive/15491676/2/12/pdf/10.1371_journal.pmed.0020392-L.pdf
Checkout these Scientology and other websites critical of psychiatry and
psychology:
http://www.scientology.org/en_US/religion/heritage/pg011.html
http://www.rickross.com/reference/scientology/psychiatry/psychiatry11.html
http://www.rickross.com/reference/scientology/celebrities/celebrities83.html
http://www.scientology-kills.org/bipolar.htm
6
http://stopbadtherapy.com/
Week Six :: 4 October :: Ethical Foundations and Pedagogy
Prilleletensky, I. (1997). Values, assumptions, and practices: assessing the
moral implications of psychological discourse and action. American
Psychologist, 52(5), 517-535.
Bersoff (2003).
Introduction. In Bersoff (Ed.) Ethical conflicts in psychology
(3rd edition), 1-2.
Pope, K. S. & Vetter, V. (2003). Ethical Dilemmas Encountered by Members of
the American Psychological Association: A National Survey. In Bersoff
(Ed.) Ethical conflicts in psychology (3rd edition), 3-27.
American Psychological Association (2003). Ethical Principles of Psychologists
and Code of Conduct. In Bersoff (Ed.) Ethical conflicts in psychology
(3rd edition), 28-45.
American
Psychological
Association
Psychologicalrd Association. In
psychology (3 edition), 46-47.
(2003).
Bylaws
of
the
American
Bersoff (Ed.) Ethical conflicts in
Ethics Committee of the American Psychological Association (2003). Rules and
Procedures (October 1, 2001). In Bersoff (Ed.) Ethical conflicts in
psychology (3rd edition), 48-74.
Bersoff, D. N. (2003). Introduction. In Bersoff (Ed.) Ethical conflicts in
psychology (3rd edition), 123-125.
Handlesman, M. M. (2003). Problems With Ethics Training by "Osmosis." In
Bersoff (Ed.) Ethical conflicts in psychology (3rd edition), 126-128.
Fine, M. A. & Ulrich, L. P. (2003). Integrating Psychology and Philosophy in
Teaching a Graduate Course in Ethics. In Bersoff (Ed.) Ethical conflicts
in psychology (3rd edition), 129-131.
Welfel, E. R. & Kitchener, K. S. (2003). Introduction to the Special Section:
Ethics Education - An Agenda for the '90s. In Bersoff (Ed.) Ethical
conflicts in psychology (3rd edition), 135-139.
Jordan, A. E. & Meara, N. M. (2003). Ethics and the Professional Practice of
Psychologists: The Role of Virtues and Principles. In Bersoff (Ed.)
Ethical conflicts in psychology (3rd edition), 140-45.
Bersoff, D. N. (2003). The Virtue of Principle Ethics. In Bersoff (Ed.)
Ethical conflicts in psychology (3rd edition), 145-147.
Hansen, N. D. & Goldberg, S. G. (2003). Navigating the Nuances: A Matrix of
Considerations for Ethical-Legal Dilemmas. In Bersoff (Ed.) Ethical
conflicts in psychology (3rd edition), 148-154.
Week Seven :: 11 October :: Ethical Documents and Procedures
Vermont Board of Psychological Examiners: Laws and Rules. The Vermont Laws and
Rules can be found at: http://www.vtprofessionals.org/
Knapp, S & VandeCreek, L. (2003) An overview of the major changes in the 2002
APA Ethics Code. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 34,
301-308.
Olvey, C. DeV. & Counts, W (2002) Licensure: Have we raised the bar to far.
Professional Psychology: Research and Practice.33,(3),323-329.
7
Schoenfeld, L.S., Hatch, J.P, & Gonzalez, J.M.,(2001) Responses of
psychologists to complaints filed against them with a state licensing
board. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice. 32,(5),491-495.
VanHorne, B.A. (2004)
Psychology licensing board disciplinary actions: The
realities. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice.35,(2),170178.
Bersoff, D. N. (2003). Introduction. In Bersoff (Ed.) Ethical conflicts in
psychology (3rd edition), 75-76.
Bernard, J. L. & Jara (2003. The Failure of Clinical Psychology Graduate
Students to Apply Understood Ethical Principles. In Bersoff (Ed.)
Ethical conflicts in psychology (3rd edition), 77-80.
Pople, K. S., Tabachnick, B. G., & Keith-Spiegel, P. (2003). Ethics of
Practice: The Beliefs and Behaviors of Psychologists
as Therapists. In
Bersoff (Ed.) Ethical conflicts in psychology (3rd edition), 81-98.
Mannheim, C. I. et al. (2003). Ethical Ambiguities in the Practice of Child
Clinical Psychology. In Bersoff (Ed.) Ethical conflicts in psychology
(3rd edition), 99-105.
Tymchuk, A. J. et al. (2003). Ethical Decision Making and Psychologists'
Attitudes Toward Training in Ethics. In Bersoff (Ed.) Ethical conflicts
in psychology (3rd edition), 106-109.
Haas, L. J. et al (2003). Ethical Dilemmas in Psychological Practice: Results
of a National Survey. In Bersoff (Ed.) Ethical conflicts in psychology
(3rd edition), 110-117.
Pope, K. S. & Bajt, T. R. (2003). When Laws and Values Conflict: A Dilemma for
Psychologists. In Bersoff (Ed.) Ethical conflicts in psychology (3rd
edition), 118-122.
Week
Eight ::
Privacy
18
October
::
Confidentiality,
Privilege,
and
Kessler, M. (1993) Confidentiality. American Journal of Art Therapy.31,106108.
Bersoff, D. N. (2003). Introdction. In Bersoff (Ed.) Ethical conflicts in
psychology (3rd edition), 155-156.
Smith-Bell, M & Winslade, W. J. (2003). Privacy, Confidentiality, and
Privilege in Psychotherapeutic Relationships. In Bersoff (Ed.) Ethical
conflicts in psychology (3rd edition), 157-61.
Everstine, L. et al. (2003). Privacy and Confidentiality
in Psychotherapy. In
Bersoff (Ed.) Ethical conflicts in psychology (3rd edition), 162-4.
Bersoff, D. N. (2003). Therapists as Protectors and Policemen: New Roles as a
Result of Tarasoff? In Bersoff (Ed.) Ethical conflicts in psychology (3rd
edition), 165-6.
Tarasoff v. Regents of the University of California (Tarasoff II). In Bersoff
(Ed.) Ethical conflicts in psychology (3rd edition), 167-71.
Bersoff, D. N. (2003). Some Contrarian Concerns About Law, Psychology, and
Public Policy. In Bersoff (Ed.) Ethical conflicts in psychology (3rd
edition), 172-4.
Monahan, J. (2003). Limiting Therapist Exposure to Tarasoff Liability:
Guidelines for Risk Containment. In Bersoff (Ed.) Ethical conflicts in
8
psychology (3rd edition), 176-82.
Truscott, D. Evans, J, & Mansell S. (2003). Outpatient Psychotherapy With
Dangerous Clients: A Model for Clinical Decision Making. In Bersoff
(Ed.) Ethical conflicts in psychology (3rd edition), 183-9.
Gustafson, K. E. & McNamara, J. R. (2003). Confidentiality With Minor Clients:
Issues and Guidelines for Therapists. In Bersoff (Ed.) Ethical conflicts
in psychology (3rd edition), 190-4.
Taylor, L & Adleman, H. S. (2003). Reframing the Confidentiality Dilemma to
Work in Children's Best Interests. In Bersoff (Ed.) Ethical conflicts in
psychology (3rd edition), 195-7.
Chenneville, T. (2003). HIV, Confidentiality, and Duty to Protect: A DecisionMaking Model. In Bersoff (Ed.) Ethical conflicts in psychology (3rd
edition), 198-202.
Burke, C. A. (2003). Until Death Do Us Part: An
Confidentiality Following the Death of a Client.
Ethical conflicts in psychology (3rd edition), 203-6.
Exploration Into
In Bersoff (Ed.)
Week
Privilege,
Nine :: 25 October
Privacy :: HIPPA
::
Confidentiality,
and
Zalkin, G. (2006). Amicus curiae brief of the Program in Psychiatry and the
Law of the Beth Israel Deaconess Department of Psychiatry, Harvard
Medical School in support of petition for writ of certiorari.
APA HIPPA Privacy Rule Primer
APA HIPPA Security Rule Primer
APA HIPPA Transaction Rule Primer
Week Ten :: 1 November :: Multiple Relationships
Campbell, C.D. and Gordon, M.C. (2003) Acknowledging the inevitable:
Understanding multiple relationships in rural practice. Professional
Psychology: Research and Practice.34,(4),430-434.
Keith-Spiegel, P. (1994)
Ethically risky situations between students and
professors outside the classroom. APS Observer, September.
Sonne, Janet L. (1994) Multiple relationships: Does the new ethics code answer
the
right
questions?
Professional
Psychology:
Research
and
Practice.25,(4),336-343.
Gabbard,G.O. (1994) Reconsidering the American Psychological Association's
policy on sex with former patients: Is it justifiable?
Professional
Psychology: Research and Practice.25,(4),329-335.
Pope,
K. & Bouhoutsos, J.C.(1986) Therapists'/Patients' Checklists. from
Sexual intimacy between therapists and patients. New York: Praeger.
Harpers Forum (1993) New Rules About Sex on Campus. Harpers,September 1993, p
33.
Lamb, D.H., Catanzaro, S.J. & Morrman, A.S.(2003) Psychologists reflect on
their sexual relationships with clients, supervisees, and students:
Occurrence, impact, rationales, and collegial intervention. Professional
Psychology: Research and Practice.34,(1),102-107.
9
Lamb, D.H., Catanzaro, S.J. & Morrman, A.S.(2004) A preliminary look at how
psychologist identify, evaluate and proceed when faced with possible
multiple relationship dilemmas. Professional Psychology: Research and
Practice.35,(3),248-254
Younggren, J.N & Gottlieb, M.C. Managing risk when contemplating multiple
relationships.Professional Psychology: Research and Practice.34,(1),255260.
Knapp, S. &
Slattery, J.M (2004) Professional boundaries in nontraditional
settings. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice.35,(5),553-558.
Bersoff, D. N. (2003). Introduction. In Bersoff (Ed.) Ethical conflicts in
psychology (3rd edition), 207-8.
Sonne, J. L. (2003). Multiple Relationships: Does the New Ethics Code Answer
the Right Questions? In Bersoff (Ed.) Ethical conflicts in psychology
(3rd edition), 209-13.
Gutheil, T. G. & Gabbard, G. O. (2003). The Concept of Boundaries in Clinical
Practice: Theoretical and Risk-management Dimensions. In Bersoff (Ed.)
Ethical conflicts in psychology (3rd edition), 214-21.
Bersoff, D. N. (2003). Explicit Ambiguity: The 1992 Ethics Code as an
Oxymoron. In Bersoff (Ed.) Ethical conflicts in psychology (3rd edition),
222-4.
Anderson, S. K. & Kitchener, K. S. (2003). Nonromantic, Nonsexual Posttherapy
Relationships Between Psychologists and Former Clients: An Exploratory
Study of Critical Incidents. In Bersoff (Ed.) Ethical conflicts in
psychology (3rd edition), 225-31.
Lazarus, A. (2003). How Certain Boundaries and Ethics Diminish Therapeutic
Effectiveness. In Bersoff (Ed.) Ethical conflicts in psychology (3rd
edition), 236-8.
Brown, L. S. (2003). Concrete Boundaries and the Problem of LiteralMindedness: A Response to Lazarus. In Bersoff (Ed.) Ethical conflicts in
psychology (3rd edition), 239-41.
Blevins-Knabe, B. (2003). The Ethics of Dual Relationships in Higher
Education. In Bersoff (Ed.) Ethical conflicts in psychology (3rd
edition), 239-241.
O’Connor Slimp P. A. & Burian, B. K. (2003). Multiple Role Relationships
During Internship: Consequences and Recommendations. In Bersoff (Ed.)
Ethical conflicts in psychology (3rd edition), 242-3.
Housman, L. M. & Stake, J. E. (2003). The Current State of Sexual Ethics
Training in Clinical Psychology: Issues of Quantity, Quality, and
Effectiveness. In Bersoff (Ed.) Ethical conflicts in psychology (3rd
edition), 246-48.
Gottlieb, M. C. (2003). Avoiding Exploitative Dual Relationships: A DecisionMaking Model. In Bersoff (Ed.) Ethical conflicts in psychology (3rd
edition), 249-51.
Strasburger, L. H. et al. (2003). Criminalization of Psychotherapist-Patient
Sex. In Bersoff (Ed.) Ethical conflicts in psychology (3rd edition), 2515.
Layman, M. J & McNamara, J. R. (2003). Remediation for Ethics Violations:
Focus on Psychotherapists' Sexual Contact With Clients. In Bersoff (Ed.)
Ethical conflicts in psychology (3rd edition), 2256-60.
10
Week Eleven :: 8 November :: Psychological Assessment & Forensic
Settings
Bersoff, D. N. (2003). Introduction. In Bersoff (Ed.) Ethical conflicts in
psychology (3rd edition), 261-2.
Messick, S. (2003). The Validity and the Ethics of Assessment. In Bersoff
(Ed.) Ethical conflicts in psychology (3rd edition), 263-5.
Bersoff, D. N. & Hoffer, P. T. (2003). The Legal Regulation of School
Psychology. In Bersoff (Ed.) Ethical conflicts in psychology (3rd
edition), 266-8.
Eyde, L. D. & Quaintance, M. K. (2003). Ethical Issues and Cases in the
Practice of Personnel Psychology. In Bersoff (Ed.) Ethical conflicts in
psychology (3rd edition), 269-70.
Turner, S. M. et al. (2003). APA's Guidelines for Test User Qualifications: An
Executive Summary. In Bersoff (Ed.) Ethical conflicts in psychology (3rd
edition), 271-5.
London, M. & Bray, D. W. (2003). Ethical Issues in Testing and Evaluation for
Personnel Decisions. In Bersoff (Ed.) Ethical conflicts in psychology
(3rd edition), 276-9.
Detroit Edison Co. v. National Labor Relations Board. In Bersoff (Ed.) Ethical
conflicts in psychology (3rd edition), 280.
Eberlein, L. (2003). Confidentiality of Industrial Psychological Tests. In
Bersoff (Ed.) Ethical conflicts in psychology (3rd edition), 281-2.
American Psychological Assocation (2003). Statement on the Disclosure of Test
Data. In Bersoff (Ed.) Ethical conflicts in psychology (3rd edition),
283-7.
American
Psychological
Association
(2003).
Strategies
for
Private
Practitioners Coping With Subpoenas or Compelled Testimony for Client
Records or Test Data. In Bersoff (Ed.) Ethical conflicts in psychology
(3rd edition), 276-9.
Berndt D. J. (2003). Ethical and Professional Considerations in Psychological
Assessment. In Bersoff (Ed.) Ethical conflicts in psychology (3rd
edition), 293-5.
Bersoff, D. N. (2003). The Ethical Practice of School Psychology: A Rebuttal
and Suggested Model. In Bersoff (Ed.) Ethical conflicts in psychology
(3rd edition), 296-9.
Bersoff, D. N. & Hofer, P. J. (2003). Legal Issues in Computerized
Psychological Testing. In Bersoff (Ed.) Ethical conflicts in psychology
(3rd edition), 276-9.
Matarazzo,
J.
D.
(2003).
Computerized
Clinical
Psychological
Test
Interpretations: Unvalidated Plus All rdMean and No Sigma. In Bersoff
(Ed.) Ethical conflicts in psychology (3 edition), 303-4.
Buchanan, T. (2003). Online Assessment: Desirable
or Dangerous? In Bersoff
(Ed.) Ethical conflicts in psychology (3rd edition), 305-307.
Rupert, P. A., et al. (2003). Practical and Ethical Issues in Teaching
Psychological Testing. In Bersoff (Ed.) Ethical conflicts in psychology
(3rd edition), 308-314.
11
Bersoff, D. N. (2003). Introduction. In Bersoff (Ed.) Ethical conflicts in
psychology (3rd edition), 443-4.
Faust, D. (2003). Use and Then Prove, or Prove and Then Use? Some Thoughts on
the Ethics of Mental Health Professionals' Courtroom
Involvement. In
Bersoff (Ed.) Ethical conflicts in psychology (3rd edition), 445.
Sales, B. D. & Shuman, D. W. (2003). Reclaiming the Integrity of Science in
Expert Witnessing. In Bersoff (Ed.) Ethical conflicts in psychology (3rd
edition), 446.
Heilbrun, K. (2003). When Is an "Expert" an Expert? In Bersoff (Ed.) Ethical
conflicts in psychology (3rd edition), 447-8.
Haas, L. J. (2003). Competence and Quality in the Performance of Forensic
Psychologists. In Bersoff (Ed.) Ethical conflicts in psychology (3rd
edition), 449-55.
American Psyhcological Association (2003). Guidelines for Child Custody
Evaluations in Divorce Proceedings. In Bersoff (Ed.) Ethical conflicts
in psychology (3rd edition), 456-60.
McCloskey, M., Egeth, H., & McKenna, J. (2003). The Experimental Psychologist
in Court: The Ethics of Expert Testimony. In Bersoff (Ed.) Ethical
conflicts in psychology (3rd edition), 461-3.
Loftus, E. (2003). Experimental Psychologist as Advocate or Impartial
Educator. In Bersoff (Ed.) Ethical conflicts in psychology (3rd edition),
464-7.
Bersoff, D. N. (2003). Psychologists and the Judicial System: Broader
Perspectives. In Bersoff (Ed.) Ethical conflicts in psychology (3rd
edition), 468-70.
Committee on Ethical Guidelines for Forensic Psychologists (2003). Specialty
Guidelines for Forensic Psychologists. In Bersoff (Ed.) Ethical
conflicts in psychology (3rd edition), 471-9.
American Psychology-Law Society (2003). Expert Opinion.
Ethical conflicts in psychology (3rd edition), 480-1.
In
Bersoff
(Ed.)
Greenber, S. A. & Shuman, D. W. (2003). Irreconcilable Conflict Between
Therapeutic and Forensic Roles. In Bersoff (Ed.) Ethical conflicts in
psychology (3rd edition), 482-9.
Arcaya, J. M. (2003). Role Conflicts in Coercive Assessments: Evaluation and
Recommendations. In Bersoff (Ed.) Ethical conflicts in psychology (3rd
edition), 490-3.
Cornell, D. G. (2003). Role Conflict in Forensic Clinical Psychology:
Reply to
Arcaya, In Bersoff (Ed.) Ethical conflicts in psychology (3rd edition),
494-5.
Estelle v. Smith. In
edition), 496-8.
Bersoff
(Ed.)
Ethical
conflicts
in
psychology
(3rd
Grisso, T. & Appelbaum, P. S. (2003). Is It Unethical to Offer Predictions of
Future Violence? In Bersoff (Ed.) Ethical conflicts in psychology (3rd
edition), 499-505.
Bersoff, D. N. (2003). Some Contrarian Concerns About Law, Psychology, and
Public Policy. In Bersoff (Ed.) Ethical conflicts in psychology (3rd
edition), 506-8.
12
Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc. In
conflicts in psychology (3rd edition), 509-11.
Bersoff
(Ed.)
Ethical
Anderten, P., Staulcup, V. & Grisso, T. (2003). On Being Ethical in Legal
Places. In Bersoff (Ed.) Ethical conflicts in psychology (3rd edition),
512-4.
Psychological Ethics and the Politics of the war on Terror:
Behnke, S. (2006). Ethics and interrogations: Comparing and contrasting the
American Psychological, American Medical, and American Psychiatric
Association positions. Monitor on Psychology (July/August), 66-67.
American
Psychological
Association
(2005).
Report
of
the
American
Psychological Association Presidential Task Force on psychological
ethics and national security.
Week Twelve :: 15 November :: Ethics in the Academy
Bersoff, D. N. (2003). Introduction. In Bersoff (Ed.) Ethical conflicts in
psychology (3rd edition), 377-8.
Bersoff, D. N. & Bersoff, D. M. (2003). Ethical Perspectives in Clinical
Research. In Bersoff (Ed.) Ethical conflicts in psychology (3rd edition),
39-81.
Rosenthal, R. (2003). Science and Ethics in Conducting, Analyzing, and
Reporting Psychological Research. In Bersoff (Ed.) Ethical conflicts in
psychology (3rd edition), 382-9.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (2003). Policy for Protection of
Human Research Subjects. In Bersoff (Ed.) Ethical conflicts in
psychology (3rd edition), 390-7.
Stanley, B., Sieber, J.
E., & Melton, G. B. (2003). Empirical Studies of
Ethical Issues in Research: A Research Agenda. In Bersoff (Ed.) Ethical
conflicts in psychology (3rd edition), 398-402.
Mann, T. (2003). Informed Consent for Psychological Research: Do Subjects
Comprehend Consent Forms and Understand rd Their Legal Rights? In Bersoff
(Ed.) Ethical conflicts in psychology (3 edition), 403-5.
Sieber, J. E., Iannuzzo, R., & Rodriguez, B. (2003). Deception Methods in
Psychology: Have They Changed in 23 Years? In Bersoff (Ed.) Ethical
conflicts in psychology (3rd edition), 406-7.
Pittenger, D. J. (2003). Deception in Research: Distinctions and Solutions
From the Perspective of Utilitarianism. In Bersoff (Ed.) Ethical
conflicts in psychology (3rd edition), 408-15.
Lindsey, R. T. (2003). Informed Consent and Deception in Psychotherapy
Research: An Ethical Analysis. In Bersoff (Ed.) Ethical conflicts in
psychology (3rd edition), 416-9.
Siang, S. (2003). Researching Ethically With Human Subjects
in Cyberspace. In
Bersoff (Ed.) Ethical conflicts in psychology (3rd edition), 420-23.
American Psychological Association (2003). Guidelines for Ethical Conduct in
the Care and Use of Animals. In Bersoff (Ed.) Ethical conflicts in
psychology (3rd edition), 424-8.
Goodyear, R. K, Crego, C; A., & Johnston, M. W. (2003). Ethical Issues in the
Supervision of Student Research: A Study of Critical Incidents. In
Bersoff (Ed.) Ethical conflicts in psychology (3rd edition), 429-35.
13
Birch, M, Elliot, D. & Trankel, M. A. (2003). Black and White and Shades of
Gray: A Portrait of the Ethical Professor. In Bersoff (Ed.) Ethical
conflicts in psychology (3rd edition), 436-42.
Grisso,
T.
Baldwin,E.,
Blanck
P.D.,
Rotheram-Borus,M.J.
&
Schooler,
N.R,Thompson,T. (1991) Standards in Research:APA's Mechanism for
Monitoring the Challenges. American Psychologist,46,758-766.
Blanck P.D., Bellack, A.S., Rosnow,R.L., Rotheram-Borus,M.J. & Schooler,
N.R.(1992). Scientific Rewards and Conflicts of Ethical Choices in Human
Subjects Research. American Psychologist,47,959-965.
Sieber, J. (1994) Will the new code help researchers to be more ethical.
Professional Psychology:Research and Practice.25,(4) 369 - 375.
Fine, M.A. & Kurdek, L.A.(1993) Reflections on determining authorship credit
and authorship order on faculty student collaborations. American
Psychologist, 1141-1147.
Keith-Spiegel, P.(1994) Teaching psychologists and the new APA Ethics Code: Do
we fit in? Professional Psychology:Research and Practice.25,(4) 362 368.
Goodyear, R.K., Crego, C.A. & Johnston, M.W. (1992) Ethical issues in the
supervision of student research: A study of critical incidents.
Professional Psychology:Research and Practice.23,(3) 203-210.
The University of Vermont and Fletcher Allen Health Care on-line tutorial for
the protection of human subjects in research. At:
http://www.uvm.edu/irb/tutorial/index.html
OPTIONAL READING:
The National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and
Behavioral Research (1979). The Belmont Report: Ethical Principles for
the Protection of Human Subjects Research. Washington, D.C., DHS USGPO
1988 - 201-778/80319. Also available at:
http://ohsr.od.nih.gov/guidelines/belmont.html
22 November – Thanksgiving Recess
Week Thirteen
Intervention
::
29
November
::
Therapy
and
Other
Forms
of
Pope, K.S. & Tabachnick, B.G.(1994) Therapists as patients: A national survey
of psychologists' experiences, problems and beliefs. Professional
Psychology:Research and Practice.25,(3) 247-258.
Claiborn, C.D.,Berberoglu, L.S., Nerison, R.M. & Somberg, D.R. (1994) The
client's perspective: Ethical judgments and perception of therapist
practices. Professional Psychology:Research and Practice.25,(3) 262-274.
Bersoff, D. N. (2003). Introduction. In Bersoff (Ed.) Ethical conflicts in
psychology (3rd edition), 315-6.
Hare-Mustin, R. T., et al. (2003). Rights of Clients, Responsibilities of
Therapists. In Bersoff (Ed.) Ethical conflicts in psychology (3rd
edition), 317-21.
Widiger, T. A. & Rorer, L. G. (2003). The Responsible Psychotherapist. In
Bersoff (Ed.) Ethical conflicts in psychology (3rd edition), 323-30.
Baerger, D. R. (2003). Risk Management With the Suicidal Patient: Lessons From
14
Case Law. In Bersoff (Ed.) Ethical conflicts in psychology (3rd edition),
331-4.
Margolin, G. (2003). Ethical and Legal Considerations in Marital and Family
Therapy. In Bersoff (Ed.) Ethical conflicts in psychology (3rd edition),
335-43.
Hargrove, D. S. (2003). Ethical Issues in Rural Mental
Health Practice. In
Bersoff (Ed.) Ethical conflicts in psychology (3rd edition), 344-6.
Schank, J. A.& Skovholt, T. M. (2003). Dual-Relationship Dilemmas of Rural and
Small-Community Psychologists. In Bersoff (Ed.) Ethical conflicts in
psychology (3rd edition), 347-52.
Task Force on Sex Bias and Sex Role Stereotyping in Psychotherapeutic Practice
(2003). Guidelines for Therapy With Women. In Bersoff (Ed.) Ethical
conflicts in psychology (3rd edition), 353-4.
Division 44 (2003). Guidelines for Psychotherapy With Lesbian, Gay, and
Bisexual Clients. In Bersoff (Ed.) Ethical conflicts in psychology (3rd
edition), 355-6.
American Psychological Association (2003). Guidelines for Providers of
Psychological Services to Ethnic, Linguistic, and Culturally Diverse
Populations. In Bersoff (Ed.) Ethical conflicts in psychology (3rd
edition), 357-61.
Haas,
L. J., Benedict, J. G., & Kobos, J. C. (2003). Psychotherapy
Telephone: Risks and Benefits for Psychologists
and Consumers.
Bersoff (Ed.) Ethical conflicts in psychology (3rd edition), 362-5.
by
In
Shapiro, D. E. & Schulman, C. E. (2003). Ethical and Legal Issuesrd in E-Mail
Therapy. In Bersoff (Ed.) Ethical conflicts in psychology (3 edition),
366-371.
Humphreys, K., Winzelberg, A., & Klaw, E. (2003). Psychologists' Ethical
Responsibilities in Internet-Based Groups: Issues, Strategies, and a
Call for Dialogue. In Bersoff (Ed.) Ethical conflicts in psychology (3rd
edition), 372-6.
Week Fourteen :: 6 December :: The Business
(including Marketing and Practice Development)
of
Psychology
Documents from APA Practice (www.apapractice.org)
Rosen, Glasgow, & Moore (2004). Self-Help Therapy: The Science and Business of
Giving Psychology Away. In Lilienfeld, Lynn, and Lohr (Eds.), Science
and Pseudoscience in Clinical Psychology, 399-424.
Wilson
(2004).
Commercializing
Mental
Health
Issues:
Entertainment,
Advertising, and Psychological Advice. In Lilienfeld, Lynn, and Lohr
(Eds.), Science and Pseudoscience in Clinical Psychology, 425-460.
Bersoff, D. N. (2003). Introduction. In Bersoff (Ed.) Ethical conflicts in
psychology (3rd edition), 515-6.
Koocher, G.P. (2003). The Commerce of Professional Psychology and the New
Ethics Code. In Bersoff (Ed.) Ethical conflicts in psychology (3rd
edition), 517-9.
Committeee on Professional Practice
Guidelines. In Bersoff (Ed.)
edition), 520-22.
and Standards (2003). Record Keeping
Ethical conflicts in psychology (3rd
15
Soisson, E. L., VandeCreek, L., & Knapp, S. (2003). Thorough Record Keeping: A
Good Defense in a Litigious Era. In Bersoff (Ed.) Ethical conflicts in
psychology (3rd edition), 523-5.
Bersoff, D. N. (2003). HIPAA: Federal Regulation of rd Healthcare Records. In
Bersoff (Ed.) Ethical conflicts in psychology (3 edition), 526-8.
Koocher, G. P. (2003). APA and the FTC: New Adventures inrdConsumer Protection.
In Bersoff (Ed.) Ethical conflicts in psychology (3 edition), 529-34.
Appelbaum, P. S. (2003). Legal Liability
and Managed Care. In Bersoff (Ed.)
Ethical conflicts in psychology (3rd edition), 535-9.
Haas, L. J. & Cummings, N. A. (2003). Managed Outpatient Mental Health Plans:
Clinical, Ethical, and Practical Guidelines for Participation. In
Bersoff (Ed.) Ethical conflicts in psychology (3rd edition), 540-4.
Acuff, C. et al. (2003). Considerations for Ethical Practice in Managed Care.
In Bersoff (Ed.) Ethical conflicts in psychology (3rd edition), 545-60.
Newman, R. & Bricklin, P. M. (2003). Parameters of Managed Mental Health Care:
Legal, Ethical, and Professional Guidelines. In Bersoff (Ed.) Ethical
conflicts in psychology (3rd edition), 561-2.
16