for ASIAN HIGHWAY Investment Forum 28 Oct 2013

ASIAN HIGHWAY Investment Forum
28 Oct 2013 / UNCC, Bangkok
for
[email protected]
A road in Seoul, 1900
Road construction amid
the Korean War, 1950
Road construction in Seoul
1966
2013
AH1
AH6
7
1st viaduct road in Seoul, 1969
Seoul-Busan Expressway
1970 (428 km)
106106 km
(4,044km of
Expressway)
Foretime
Present
In 1953
In 2012
26,032
105,702,963
Length of Expressways
(km)
Before 1970
In 2013
0
4,044
Budget for Roads
(million USD)
In 1968
In 2013
13
7,500
Pavement Ratio
(%)
In 1953
In 2012
3
83※
In 1955
In 2013
18,000
19,114,392
Population
In 1950s
In 2011
25,000,000
50,000,000
GDP per capita
(USD)
In 1953
In 2012
57
22,708
Length of Roads
(km)
Registered Vehicles
※ 100% for Expressways, National Highways and main roads
National Expressway, Korea
National Highways, Provincial (City) Roads, Korea
 Manpower
 Organization
 Decision Making
Construction
Technology
Research & Development
Planning
• Feasibility Study
• Consultation
• Basic Design
Project Management
Operation
Order & Contract
• Detail Deign
• VE (Design Appraisal)
• Bidding
• Contract
Management
• Commencement
• Construction
Management
• Inspection &
Supervision
• Technical Support
• Completion
• Maintenance &
Repair
• Traffic Operation
• Disaster Control
• Tolling
Contents
1. Geotechnical Explorations
Earthworks
2. Ground Stabilization
Structures
3. Bridges
4. Tunnels & Culverts
Pavements
5. Asphalts & Concretes
CPT(electronic piezo-Cone Penetration Test)
• Intuitive tool to check strength changes of subsurface for staged
embankment
as well as to find geotechnical parameters
서해안고속도로 군산-무안간 14-1공구 9구간
Tip Resistance, qc (MPa)
2001/03/27 File=1-9.SLP
Bishop's Method
SD
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
0
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
-2
-4
-6
-8
-10
-12
-14
-16
-5
1.337
1
PET mat
CLAY
S.D.-1
S.D.-2
Sand Drain
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
Horizontal Distance (m)
Depth from the Surface (m)
Elevation (m)
* 포장 및 교통하중에 대한 안정해석
2
Track-mounted CPT Truck of
Korea Expressway Corporation
2005
9m
11m
4m
0.40
0.68
3
4
5
6
7
1st 10 ton CPT Rig
Delf Grondmechanica
1945
Fill
Height
0.31
DAY
0.16
0.90
virgin ground
(average in clay)
20 days after H=4
(average in clay)
60 days after H=4
(average in clay)
30 days after H=9
(average in clay)
20 days after H=11
(average in clay)
SPT (Standard Penetration Test) under the deep sea
• Offshore investigation technique to get geotechnical properties and
sample specimen of the seabed ground
- Maximum depth of the sea : 100 m
- Available up to 100 m depths
• Developed by Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology
• Detection of geological anomalies; faults, cavities
• Check of ground strength increase by reinforcement
3D simulation of ground through
post-processing
Before
After
• Consolidation Promotions
– Pre-Loading
– Vertical Drain : SD, PVD(PBD), SCP
Sand Drain (including Pack Drain), Sand Compaction Pile
Prefabricated Drain (including Natural Fiber)
- Vacuum Consolidation
• Surface Treatments (Including Drainage)
• Reinforcement of Subsoil
– Stone Column, Gravel Pile, Micro Pile, Under-pining, Geosynthetics
– (Jet) Grouting, Deep (Cement) Mixing
• Light Fills
• Replacements and Compactions
Soil-cement columns
by Deep-cement-mixing
Consolidation Promotion Technology : Vertical Drains
Sand Drain
Sand Compaction Pile (SCP)
Screw
SCP
6-column
Pack
Drain
Packed Sand Drain
Offshore SCP
Prefabricated Drain
Offshore Ground Improvements
SCP
Sea
Sand compaction pile
Clay Layer
DCM
Deep cement mixing
Example : 15% of Replacement Ratio
(Heaving after SCP Installation = 90 cm)
Geo-container (geotube) Method for Cofferdam
Multi-layered dike system of
sand-filled geosynthetic tubes
Progressive Trench Method (PTM) for Hydraulic Fills
Quay wall &
Containment
dike
Waterproof Mat
Dike
For
Road
Original Sub-soil (Marine Clay)
Dike
Sediment Emission Pipe
Hydraulic
Pump & Fill
Dredged Clay from Hydraulic Fill
Perimeter Trench
Interior Trench
PTM
Construction
High-tension Mat
Embankment
End of PTM Construction
4 Months After
Embankment Reinforcement with Natural Material on Very Soft Grounds
Combination with
Geosynthetics
Accelerated Embankment Constructions using EPS Blocks
Road Embankment
Retaining Wall
Back-fill behind abutment
Compaction impact absorber
Mechanically Stabilized Earths (MSE)
Geogrid reinforcement
Strip geosynthetics reinforcement
Retaining wall
Steel reinforcement
Ground Anchors
S. Nailing + Grid Block
Soil Nailing / Rock Bolt
Grid Blocks
Vegetation + Grid Block
Concrete Buttress Wall
1
Seohae Bridge
2
Yeong-jong Bridge
Nov 2000 / National Expressway
Nov 2000 / National Expressway
3
Gwang-an Bridge
Jan 2003 / City Road
2009
The Longest Bridge of Korea
• Main Span
800 m
• Total Length
18,380 m (6 lanes)
• Height
230.5 m (74m clearance)
• Construction Period : July 2005 – Oct 2009 (52 months)
• Cost : 2,383 billion KRW (≈ 2.1 billion USD)
Yi Sun-sin Bridge 2013
The Longest Suspension Bridge of Korea
• Main Span 1,545 m
• Total Length 2,260 m
• Height
270 m
Jindo Bridge, 1984
Incheon Bridge, 2009
Cable-Stayed
(Extension in 2005)
Total Length 484 m / Main Span 344 m
Width : 11.7 m (2 lanes)
Namhae Bridge, 1973
Total Length 18,380 m / Main Span 800 m
Width : 31.4 m (6 lanes)
Yi Sun-sin Bridge, 2013
Suspension
Total Length 660 m / Main Span 404 m
Width : 12 m (2 lanes)
Total Length 2,260 m / Main Span 1,545 m
Width : 25.7 m (4 lanes)
Incheon Bridge 2009
Total Length 18,431 m
Main Span
800 m
FCM FORM
Pylon FORM
Launching Girder
& Career
Shoe
Derrick
Crane
Ship Collision Protection
Expansion Joint
FSLM FORM
Cable System
Ship Collision
Protection
Wind Engineering
Large-diameter
Drilled-shaft
Foundation
World’s Largest Pile Load Test
Yi sun-sin bridge
Wire : 1860 Mpa
 2100 MPa
Steel : SM490,SM520
 HSB500, HSB600
Incheon bridge
Item
Original
Design
New
Material
Reduction
Footing
7.4 %
7.4 %
-
Pylon &
Piers
10.3 %
10.3 %
-
Anchorage
8.3 %
7.3 %
1.06 %
Girder
38.9 %
33.1 %
5.83 %
Cable
35.0 %
26.5 %
8.49 %
Total
100.0 %
84.6 %
15.37 %
Item
Original
Design
New
Material
Reduction
Footing
17.18%
17.18%
-
Pylon &
Piers
15.15%
15.15%
-
Girder
38.76%
32.89%
5.87%
Cable
24.15%
20.30%
3.85%
Others
4.76%
4.76%
0.49%
Total
100%
89.80%
10.20%
Wire : 1770 MPa (φ7)
 1900 MPa (φ7)
Steel : SM520,SM570
 HSB600, HSB800
GPS Location Recognition
Remote Controlled Robot
Carrying Boom
U-BIROS
Ubiquitous Bridge Inspection
RObot System
Image Acquisition & Processing Program
Caterpillar & Outlet Cam
• Current BMS by conventional instrumentation & diagnosis
• USN-based integrated operation system
• Vision-based vibration sensing system
• GNSS-based bridge monitoring system
• Robot inspection system
※ BMS: Bridge Management System / USN: Ubiquitous Sensor Network / GNSS: Global Navigational Satellite System
17/27
… Expressway under the ground 11 km
KEC is now making the longest road tunnel of Korea !
NATM
Shotcrete placements after the blasting
NATM
Steel rib (Lattice girder) installations
Shield
machine
for tunnels
in urban area
Special Paintings to maximize the retro-reflection
Cable Stayed Bridge(1.65km)
Cable Stayed Bridge(1.87km)
Immersed Tunnel(3.7km)
Immersed Tunnel
(L = 3.7 km)
2010
Immersed Tunnel & 2 Cable-Stayed Bridges
[Tunnel] Length 3.7 km : 18 submerged Boxes
- 1 Box  26.5m 180m H10m / W=450,000 tonf
[Bridge] Length 4.5 km : 2 cable-stayed bridges
- 2 pylon bridge : max. span width 475m
- 3 pylon bridge : max. span width 230m
Graphic Images from The Joongang-ilbo
The Donga-ilbo
Installation of Tunnel element
Soil Steel Bridges (corrugated-steel-plate structures)
• Structures which are comprised of structural steel plates
and engineered soil, designed and constructed to introduce
a beneficial interaction of the two materials
Precast Concrete Structure
• Prefabricated members for culverts and open-cut tunnels
Total Length of Paved Roads : 88,182 km
• Asphalt Concrete
: 76,864 km (87%)
• Cement Concrete
: 11,318 km (13%)
National Expressway only ① Asphalt 36% ② Cement 64%
① SMA(stone mastic asphalt) 45% + Ordinary asphalt 43% + Modified Asphalt 12%
② JCP( jointed concrete p.) 98% + CRCP(continuously reinforced concrete p.) 2%
※ Modified concretes (LMC, HPC) have been used for bridge pavements
Typical Section of Pavements for Expressway
Surface course (5cm)
Binder course (5cm)
Base course (20cm)
Concrete slab (30cm)
45cm
90cm
Lean concrete (15cm)
Sub-base (30cm)
Anti-frost layer
(omissible)
Anti-frost layer
(omissible)
Exertion to Lengthen the Pavement Life through Researches
• Operations of “Korea Pavement Research Program” : 2001-2012
- Establishment of Korean Pavement Design Method
- Expansion of research facilities for follow-up studies
• National research of Sustainable Pavements : 2006-2012
• Developments repair techniques
SMA overlay (recently) 
Current Activities
• Security of sufficient bearing capacity at sub-grades
• Durable designs against early damage, salt damage
and alkali-aggregate reaction
Surface overlay
for 35 years
• Increase in thickness of pavement
• Improvement of material and drainage system
• LCC(life cycle cost) Evaluation for 30 years
• Promotion of SMA and Application of CRCP
• Low-noise pavements
Original pavement (1970) 
A sample of 43-years-aged pavement in Seoul-Busan Expressway pavement
Composition of the Pavement Layer
wearing
course
•
(t=3.5㎝)
•
(t=4㎝)
• Waterproofing Layer (Asphalt Sheet)
• Adhesive Layer (Anti-corrosive layer)
• Steel Deck of Bridge
Conventional Methods for Snow Removal
• Plow, or blower equipment
• Agents for de-icing or anti-icing : salt damage
• Electric heating coils : high cost (energy consumption)
New Technologies
• Using geothermal energy or underground water
Geothermal Heat
Underground water 압축기
from Tunnels
히트
펌프
Buffer
tankTa
증발기
팽창밸브
지중순환펌프
응축기
n
k