Catalyzing Green Growth through Efficient Water Use in Industries: Case of

Catalyzing Green Growth through
Efficient Water Use in Industries: Case of
Thermal Power Plant in India
24th February 2015
UNESCAP and K-Water Conference on “Water & Green Growth”
UNCC, Bangkok
Anshuman
Associate Director,
Water Resources Division
The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI)
Structure of Presentation
1. Challenges in Water Sector
2. WUE for GG: Case Study of Thermal
Power Plant
Water Resources Division
• TERI has been endorsed as
Regional Water Knowledge Hub
for water and climate change
adaptation in South Asia by the
Asia-Pacific Water Forum's
(APWF) Governing Council
• TERI has been identified as ‘Key
Resource Centre for water and
sanitation’ by Ministry of
Drinking Water & Sanitation
(MoRD).
• Water Laboratory (Environment
laboratory) has been recognized
(accredited) by MoEF under
Environment Protection Act (EPA).
India Water Forum
State of Water Resources
Global & Indian Scenario
Major Challenges
Major Challenges

Declining per capita water availability

Many river basins are water stressed and likely
to be water scarce.

Increasing & competing water demand;
Demand-Supply Gap

Overexploitation/Depletion of groundwater

Water quality issues

Urban (NRW/UFW);

Irrational Tariff, inequitable access

Others
Developmental stress on water resources
Increasing & competing demand
(Worldwide)
•
•
Freshwater withdrawals are expected to rise by 2025
By 50% in developing countries and by 18% in developed countries.
Worldwide, the volume of water used by industries is estimated to rise
significantly from 752 km3/year (1995) to 1170 km3/year by 2025.
(Source: UNESCO World Water Assessment Programme, WWDR)
•
Low & middle income countries expected to follow the growth pattern of
high income industries increasing their industrial water use over
agricultural use.
Domestic Use
8%
Domestic Use
8%
Industrial Use
10%
Domestic
Use
11%
Industrial Use
22%
Agricultural
Use
70%
World
Agricultural
Use
82%
Low and Middle
Income Countries
Industrial Use
59%
Agricultural
Use
30%
High Income Countries
Developmental stress on water resources
Industrial water use in India
(how much..?)
The ratio of water consumption and economic value creation is around
US $ 7.5, which is very low
Source: World bank (1998)
Impact of Climate Change
Impacts of Climate Change

The impacts of climate change may further exacerbate the
situation. Some of the observations over the 20th century include
(IPCC, 2007);
•

Increase in temperatures , Decrease in snow and ice cover
(Glacial melting), Rise in global average sea level rise (SLR), Rise
in Sea Surface Temperatures (SSTs), Increase in frequency and
intensity of extreme events
Changes in precipitation/rainfall, its frequency and intensity.
•
Directly affecting the runoff rates and thus the surface and
groundwater supply (availability & quality) to various sectors
including irrigation, domestic, industries etc..
NAPCC (National Water Mission) (Revised draft 2009)

Conservation of water, minimizing wastage and ensuring its more
equitable distribution both across and within States through
integrated water resources development and management”
NAPCC/ NWM
NAPCC (National Water Mission)
(Five Identified Goals)
 Comprehensive water data base in public domain and
assessment of impact of climate change on water resource;
 Promotion of citizen and state action for water conservation,
augmentation and preservation;
 Focused attention to over-exploited areas
 Increasing water use efficiency by 20%
• Develop guidelines; Recycling/reuse of water/wastewater,
Water positive/neutral technologies, Urban water supply
efficiency
• Develop guidelines for mandatory water audit
• Pilot studies in collaboration with states by 2012
 Promotion of basin level integrated water resources
management
Given the challenges in water sector…
•
The conscience for efficient water management
needs to take a center stage in business planning
by the Industries (agriculture/domestic sectors).
•
Interventions by industries can be an effective tool
in catalysing green growth in the developing
economies aiming for sustainable development
through strategies including resource use
efficiency and reduction in environmental
pollution
Water Audit
(Reducing water consumption & improving efficiency)
Case Study
Thermal Power Plant
“What gets measured,
gets managed”
Water Audits should become routine
exercises and must be institutionalised
Scope of Water Audit
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Establishment/investigation of water supply
& distribution network, pipes, pumps etc.
Establishment of complete water balance
overall and individual stages.
(Including the raw water, clarified water, DM
water, drinking water system; circulating water,
fire water, service water, cooling towers, ash
handling water, drain/sewage, residential
colony drinking water etc.)
Assessment of overall water consumption
Characterization of water quality in main
streams and identification of options for recycle
and reuse.
Assessment of Cycle of Concentration (COC),
specific water consumption.
Identification of leakages and losses in the
system.
Identification of scope for water conservation
with recommendation on recycle and reuse.
Water Use: Thermal Power Plant
Water use diagram of a typical coal based thermal power plant
Surface Water Reservoir
Drinking
water
supply
Filter
House
Raw Water
Treatment
(Clarification)
DM Plant
Fire
Fighting
Steam
Ash water
Tank
Ash
Handling
System
Make-up Water
Boilers
Power
Generation
Unit
Coal
Handling
Closed-Cycle
Water
Recirculation
Feed Water
Cooling
Towers
Auxiliary
uses
Ash
Dyke
Evaporative + Drift
Losses
Turbines
Condensers
Ash water recirculation
Identification of Process/Water Use
Water Balance Diagram
of Thermal Power Plant
Water source canal / River
Water Reservoir Stage-I
Water Reservoir Stage-III
(Main Intake)
(Main Intake)
Stage-IV
Aerator
Stage-I
Aerator
Stage-III
Aerator
Stage-II
Clarifier
Stage-I
Navjeevan Vihar Colony
Ash Water
Tank
Stage-III
Clarifier
Stage-III
Clarifier
Stage-II
Fire Hydrant
CLW Pump
House Stage-II
Stage-II
To Plant (Drinking)
To Township (Drinking)
Filter House
Stage-I
DM Plant
Stage -I
Stage-I
Ash Dyke
Stage-III
- Plant (Drinking)
- Township (Drinking)
- Service water
AWRPH-2
OAC
AHP
CLW Pump House
DM Plant
Ash Water
Tank Stage-II
Units
Stage-II
DW to
Plant
HVAC
OAC
Units
DM
Tank
Stage-III
StageI
II
OAC
AHP
Units
Stage-I
PHE
Stage
II
AHP
PHE
Auxiliary Cooling
Cooling Towers Stage-I
Cooling Towers
Stage-II
Ash
Dyke
Ash
Dyke
Cooling Towers Stage-III
Lake Park
Pond
Establishment/Verification of water supply
network
Water Balance Diagram
of Thermal Power Plant
Water source canal / River
Water Reservoir Stage-I
Water Reservoir Stage-III
(Main Intake)
(Main Intake)
Stage-IV
Aerator
Stage-I
Aerator
Stage-III
Aerator
Stage-II
Clarifier
Stage-I
Navjeevan Vihar Colony
Ash Water
Tank
Stage-III
Clarifier
Stage-III
Clarifier
Stage-II
Fire Hydrant
CLW Pump
House Stage-II
Stage-II
To Plant (Drinking)
To Township (Drinking)
Filter House
Stage-I
DM Plant
Stage -I
Stage-I
Ash Dyke
Stage-III
- Plant (Drinking)
- Township (Drinking)
- Service water
AWRPH-2
OAC
AHP
CLW Pump House
DM Plant
Ash Water
Tank Stage-II
Units
Stage-II
DW to
Plant
HVAC
OAC
Units
DM
Tank
Stage-III
StageI
II
OAC
AHP
Units
Stage-I
PHE
Stage
II
AHP
PHE
Auxiliary Cooling
Cooling Towers Stage-I
Cooling Towers
Stage-II
Ash
Dyke
Ash
Dyke
Cooling Towers Stage-III
Lake Park
Pond
Flow & water quality monitoring
Water Balance Diagram
of Thermal Power Plant
Water source canal / River
Water Reservoir Stage-I
Water Reservoir Stage-III
(Main Intake)
(Main Intake)
Stage-IV
Aerator
Stage-I
Aerator
Stage-III
Aerator
Stage-II
Clarifier
Stage-I
Navjeevan Vihar Colony
Ash Water
Tank
Stage-III
Clarifier
Stage-III
Clarifier
Stage-II
Fire Hydrant
CLW Pump
House Stage-II
Stage-II
To Plant (Drinking)
To Township (Drinking)
Filter House
Stage-I
DM Plant
Stage -I
Stage-I
Ash Dyke
Stage-III
- Plant (Drinking)
- Township (Drinking)
- Service water
AWRPH-2
OAC
AHP
CLW Pump House
DM Plant
Ash Water
Tank Stage-II
Units
Stage-II
DW to
Plant
HVAC
OAC
Units
DM
Tank
Stage-III
StageI
II
OAC
AHP
Units
Stage-I
PHE
Stage
II
AHP
PHE
Auxiliary Cooling
Cooling Towers Stage-I
Cooling Towers
Stage-II
Ash
Dyke
Ash
Dyke
Cooling Towers Stage-III
Lake Park
Pond
Establishment of Water Balance
Water Balance Diagram
of Thermal Power Plant
Water source canal / River
Water Reservoir Stage-I
Water Reservoir Stage-III
(Main Intake)
(Main Intake)
114
Stage-IV
47205
69261
60115
Aerator
Stage-I
13563
Aerator
Stage-II
148178
Clarifier
Stage-I
20181
17648
Ash Water
Tank
Stage-III
Clarifier
Stage-III
Clarifier
Stage-II
Navjeevan Vihar Colony
10237
Aerator
Stage-III
52950
Fire Hydrant
119737
To Plant (Drinking)
4289
DM Plant
Stage-II
15633
Filter House
Stage-I
To Township (Drinking)
15383
626
Stage -I
OAC
Stage-I
Ash Dyke
Units
Stage-I
1939
Ash Water
Tank Stage-II
Units
Stage-II
3688025
Cooling Towers Stage-I
26314
5373
Stage
II
Stage-II
2525406
90647
25246
HVAC
DW to
Plant
OAC
Units
Stage-III
StageI
II
Ash
Dyke
16210
AHP
PHE
Ash
Dyke
Cooling Towers
2728103
787
DM
29759
3223680
23
Tank
PHE
AHP
Auxiliary Cooling
Stage-III
3291
OAC
329010
AHP
CLW Pump House
271
67322
- Plant (Drinking)
- Township (Drinking)
- Service water
AWRPH-2
8769
DM Plant
1495
2687
CLW Pump
House Stage-II
2637067
Cooling Towers Stage-III
Lake Park
Pond
2291147
Specific Water Consumption (m3/MW)
Specific Water Consumption (Overall for VSTPS)
(m3/MW )
DM water
0.05
(1.1 %)
Drinking water
0.24
(5.1 %)
Fire Fighting
0.31
(6.5 %)
Others
0.26
(5.3 %)
Ash Handling
1.42
(29.6 %)
Cooling Towers
2.51
(52.4 %)
Actual Overall Specific Water Consumption – about 4.8- 5 m3/MW
Scope for optimizing (Achievable Target SWC) – 3 m3/MW
Wastewater Discharge
Wastewater discharge from Power Plant
(m 3 /day)
35000
30000
25000
20000
15000
10000
5000
0
Drain 1
Drain 2
Drain 3
Drain 4
 Total Wastewater Discharged (unused) = 64000 m3/day (About 18% of
Intake water)
 Wastewater quality reasonably good for recycling (Zero Discharge)
Water use at Township
Township
Per Capita Water Consumption, (lpcd) : 1500
(About 11 times the norms of 135 lpcd)
Even if about 350 lpcd water is provided to the Township
there stands an opportunity to save about 13000 m3/day
of treated water.
Leakages/Losses: Some Visuals
State of water use before audit
Potential water saving areas identified
(after audit)
Recommendations for water conservation
Water for boiler auxiliary (discharged as waste) should be
reused .
High water loss (80-50%) in ash handling should be brought
down (overflows should be recycled, leakages plugged, Specific
water consumption brought down)
Cooling Towers: COC must be increased, Specific water
consumption should be reduced (to about 1.5 m3/MW),
overflows must be checked.
Township: Reduction in per capita water consumption (to 150
lpcd).
Recycling of about 64000 m3/day of wastewater being
discharged from the plant to achieve Zero discharge through a
treatment & recyling plant.
Township STP discharge water (suitable for horticultural uses)
should be reused entirely thus saving significant water and
ensuring zero discharge
Potential reduction in water consumption
Potential for water saving
 Immediate saving potential of about (81000 m3/day)
23% of total intake water; (18-26% in general)
 A total overall water saving potential was about 6065% of the total intake water (freshwater) of the
entire plant.
 Significant financial savings from water saving
interventions of about INR 7-9 Crores. (70-90
Million Rs.)
 Cost benefit of water recycling system was
positive with a payback period of just 2.3 years.
Opportunities for Power Plants
• Recycle ash water: for ash handling, as well as for gardening, fire
fighting and dust suppression in the coal stacking yard.
• Wet ash handling should be shifted to dry ash handling (use of hydro
bins).
• Once-through water usage in cooling system should be shifted to
closed-cycle system with high number of re-circulations (CoC).
• CoCs in cooling towers should be increased. (e.g. chemical treatment
(anti-sludging, anti-sepsis, acidification, etc.), periodic maintenance,
etc.
• Wastewater discharged must be treated and recycled to achieve Zero
discharge and save freshwater (including Township STP discharge).
• Fire hydrant (fire fighting) water must not be used for any other
purposes.
• Regular water audits must be internalized under the corporate
policy.
• Automation should be introduced with a centralized control system
and established management information system (MIS).
Contributions by Industries for GG
 Reducing industrial water foot print focusing on entire value
chain.
[Adopting advanced technology, improving efficiency & water-rating, increasing
water productivity, reducing pollution, wastewater recycle/reuse (zero
discharge), conserving water and setting benchmarks/standards].
 Policy intervention in identifying & setting
targets/benchmarks for industrial Water Use (Efficiency).
(supports SDGs)
(Water positive, Water neutral, Zero discharge; “X” m3/Unit product …etc.)
 Regular water audits should be internalized/made
mandatory policy.
 Sustainably reducing the shared risk (physical and
environmental) on water through participatory management
(involving local communities and other stakeholders under public private
partnership (PPP) mode. (Adopt local areas: Watersheds, Cities, Villages)
Policy Brief: Publication
Website: www.teriin.org/policybrief/index.php?a=6
Thank You
Contact Details:
Anshuman
Associate Director
Water Resources Division
The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI)
India Habitat Center, Lodhi Road, New Delhi-03.
Ph: +9111 24682100 (Ext: 2302)
Mobile: (+91)9899809115
Email: [email protected]