SESSION 2 Promotion of High-Efficiency, Low- Emissions Coal Technologies in Power Generation

SESSION 2
Promotion of High-Efficiency, LowEmissions Coal Technologies in
Power Generation
Overview
• Current status of coal-fired generation and
global projections
• Economic, social and environmental
impacts of coal for electricity generation
• Why High Efficiency, Low-Emissions (HELE)
coal
• Benefits of HELE coal-fired generation
• Key recommendations
Current Status
Electricity Production, by Resource in Asia and the Pacific, 2012
(Thousand tons of oil equivalent)
1.1%
0.3%
14.5%
1.5%
4.5%
54.8%
19.2%
4.1%
Source: ESCAP Portal, IEA 2012
•
Many countries in Asia-Pacific are using, and will continue to use coal to meet rising
energy demands, especially as they pursue electrification policies.
2014 Policy Dialogue on Energy for Sustainable Development for Asia and the Pacific
26-28 November, 2014 | Bangkok
Current Status
Electricity Production from Coal, 1990-2012
(Thousand tons of oil equivalent)
Source: ESCAP Portal, IEA 2012
2014 Policy Dialogue on Energy for Sustainable Development for Asia and the Pacific
26-28 November, 2014 | Bangkok
Global Electricity Mix (Current + Projections)
2011 Global Electricity Mix
2035 Global Electricity Mix (NPS)
4%
Coal
16%
16%
33%
41%
12%
Gas
Oil
16%
Nuclear
5%
22%
12%
1%
Hydro
22%
Other RE
Data source: IEA (2013), World Energy Outlook 2013, OECD/IEA, Paris, France. (p.175)
•
•
While coal’s share falls to 33% in 2035 from 41% in 2011, coal remains the leading
source of electricity generation in 2035 under the IEA NPS scenario.
Despite coal‘s drop in share, global coal demand will increase from 9,140TWh in 2011
to 12,312TWh in 2035. 75% of this growth will come from the power sector.
2014 Policy Dialogue on Energy for Sustainable Development for Asia and the Pacific
26-28 November, 2014 | Bangkok
Coal Reserves by Region (end-2009)
Source: IEA (2013), Technology Roadmap: High-Efficiency, Low-Emissions Coal-Fired Power Generation,
2013 edition, OECD/IEA, Paris, France. (page 8)
• Coal-fired electricity generation will remain a substantial part of the Asia-Pacific, as
well as global, energy mix for decades to come. In order to produce electricity in a
more efficient and cost-effective manner while reducing emissions, a progression
toward HELE coal generation is essential.
2014 Policy Dialogue on Energy for Sustainable Development for Asia and the Pacific
26-28 November, 2014 | Bangkok
Social and Environmental Impacts of Coal for
Electricity Generation
• Globally, coal-fired power generation is a leading source of
sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrous oxides (NOx), particulate
matter (PM) and mercury, along with other toxic pollutants.
• According to IEA, in 2011, electricity and heat generation
accounted for 42% of global CO2 emissions, of which 72%
was derived from one source – coal-fired power plants.
• Per kWh, coal has nearly 20% more GHG emissions than
oil, more than twice as much GHG emissions as gas, and
almost 22 times more GHG emissions than solar PV.
2014 Policy Dialogue on Energy for Sustainable Development for Asia and the Pacific
26-28 November, 2014 | Bangkok
Economic, social and environmental Benefits
of HELE Generation
CO2 Intensity Factors and Fuel Consumption Values
Source: IEA (2013), Technology Roadmap: High-Efficiency, Low-Emissions Coal-Fired Power Generation,
2013 edition, OECD/IEA, Paris, France. (page 15)
•
•
Upgrading of existing inefficient power plants to improve efficiency can have a
significant effect on GHG + non-GHG emissions while reducing coal usage.
On average HELE coal-fired power plants consumer 15% less coal per kWh of
electricity generated.
2014 Policy Dialogue on Energy for Sustainable Development for Asia and the Pacific
26-28 November, 2014 | Bangkok
Economic Benefits of HELE Generation
LCOE (¢/kWh)
As CFPP Efficiencies Increase, LCOEs Decrease
4.86
4.84
4.82
4.8
4.78
4.76
4.74
4.72
4.7
4.68
37%
Subcritical
SC
USC
38%
39%
40%
41%
42%
43%
44%
45%
46%
Plant Efficiency (%)
Data Source: MIT 2007, IEA (2013), Technology Roadmap: High-Efficiency, Low-Emissions Coal-Fired Power
Generation, 2013 edition, OECD/IEA, Paris, France. (page 15)
•
Due to the lower LCOEs attainable from moving to supercritical (SC) and ultrasupercritical (USC) coal-fired generation, it may be more cost effective to generate
electricity using these advanced technologies when considering reduced fuel costs over
the lifetime of a CFPP.
2014 Policy Dialogue on Energy for Sustainable Development for Asia and the Pacific
26-28 November, 2014 | Bangkok
Key Recommendations
• Countries should accelerate the deployment of advanced
coal-fired power generation technologies through a
combination of policies, regulations, and targets.
• International cooperation among member-states,
including knowledge and technology transfer could be
instrumental in introducing cleaner, high-efficiency, lowemissions (HELE) coal combustion technologies.
• Older, more polluting and less efficient power plants
should be phased out in favor of HELE technology in order
to take advantage of the economic as well as social benefits
associated with more efficient coal-fired generation.
2014 Policy Dialogue on Energy for Sustainable Development for Asia and the Pacific
26-28 November, 2014 | Bangkok
SESSION 2
Promotion of High-Efficiency, LowEmissions (HELE)Coal Technologies
in Power Generation