National Accounts and  the Environment Growth Trend from the  Regions of Asia

10/11/2013
Panel on National Accounts and the Environment
8th October, 2013, Bangkok
Pushpam Kumar
h
([email protected]), Chief, Ecosystem Services Economics Unit ,
United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)
Growth Trend from the Regions of Asia
Source: Based on World Development Indicators, 1
10/11/2013
Saving during 1993‐2010
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Gross savings (% of GNI)
gross national income less total consumption plus net transfers
consumption, plus net transfers.
Adjusted savings: natural
resources depletion (% of GNI)
Adjusted savings: net forest
depletion (% of GNI)
Bangladesh
Bhutan
Adjusted savings: natural resources depletion (% of GNI)
(Natural resource depletion is the sum of net forest depletion, energy depletion, and mineral depletion).
Adjusted savings: net forest depletion (% of GNI)
N tf
Net forest depletion is calculated t d l ti i
l l t d
as the product of unit resource rents and the excess of round‐
wood harvest over natural growth.
Cambodia
China
India
Philippines
Thailand
Vietnam
Source: Based on World Development Indicators, Environmental performance
Terrestrial
protected areas
(% of total land
area)
1990-2010
Forest area
(% of land area)
1990-2000 and
2000-2010
2000
2010
Terrestrial
protected areas
(% of total land
area)
1990-2010
CO2 emissions
(kg per 2005 PPP
$ of GDP)
1990-2008
1990
2008
Bangladesh
Mongolia
Bhutan
Nepal
Cambodia
Pakistan
China
Philippines
India
Sri Lanka
Indonesia
Thailand
Lao PDR
Vietnam
Forest area
(% of land area)
1990-2000 and
2000-2010
2000
2010
CO2 emissions
(kg per 2005 PPP
$ of GDP)
1990-2008
1990
2008
Malaysia
Source: Based on World Development Indicators, 2
10/11/2013
Poor and EA Evidences from Africa
Uganda (2010)
Ethiopia (2005)
Kenya (2005)
Swaziland (1999)
Value of recorded contribution from forestry in US$ 447.65 million (28%)
ETB 8 billion (9%) KES 15,333 million (35%) 41 million rand (13%)
GDP:
Estimated value of contribution from forestry US$ 1,136.84 million (72%)
,
(
) ETB 83 billion (91%)
(
) KES 29,108 million (65%)
,
(
) 277 million rand (87%)
(
)
missing from GDP :
i i f
GDP
GDP at current prices:
US$19.399 billion
US$ 54,890,000,000
US$18,737,900,000
$1,547,889,000 Value of missing contribution from foresty as a 5%
18%
2%
4%
percentage of country GDP:
Proportion of rural population who mainly depend on natural resources that do not feature 27,093,600 (85%)
65,450,000 (85%)
25,372,193 (75%)
639,940 (65%)
in the SNA :
Country population:
31,800,000
77,000,000
33,829,590
980,000
Missing Ecosystem Services
Ethiopia
Uganda
Kenya
Swaziland
South Africa
Currently included in the SNA
Firewood:
Charcoal:
Construction wood and other timber commercial flows:
Forestry management, regulation, education and research:
Recreational/cultural services:
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Partial
Partial
X
Partial
Currently exluded from the SNA
Asset values:
Carbon sequestration:
X
X
Biodiversity conservation service:
Soil protection services:
il
i
i
Hydrological services:
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Reduction of rainfall runoff:
X
Non timber forest products:
Medicinal plants:
X
X
Wood:
Edible plants:
Game meat:
Thatch grass:
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
3
10/11/2013
Voices for Change
•
•
•
•
•
•
• Beyond GDP Beyond GDP
Conference, Brus
sels 2007
• Potsdam 2007 G8+5 initiative & TEEB 2008, 2010
• Stiglitz/ Sen/ Fitoussi report Paris 2009
Paris 2009
• Ecosystem Capital Accounts fast track project in Europe (2009‐
2012)
• WAVES
Others
• Post‐2015 UN development agenda
• SEEA revision for 2012/13 and EEAs
• Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
• CBD revised CBD revised
Nagoya Strategy 2010
• Green economy/green growth
UN
Kuznets 1941
Hicks 1948
Samuelson 1961
Nordhaus and Tobin 1972
Hartwick 1990
Timbergen 1992
Arrow, Dasgupta et al 1995
Weitzman 1997
Dasupta and Maler
2000
Dasgupta 2001, 2009, 2011
Research
•
•
•
•
Implementation
IWR
• Conceptual Underpinning
• Paradigm shift
SEEA
• How
• Entry point
WAVES / VANTAGE
• Evidence base
• Examples 4
10/11/2013
Inclusive Wealth Index
Man Made Capital
Natural Capital
Human C i l
Capital
Post Rio+
Planning
Participation
Ownership
5