The potential of improved Water Distribution Management in the Urban Nexus

The potential of improved Water Distribution
Management in the Urban Nexus
Fifth Regional Workshop on
Integrated Resource Management
in Asian Cities: The Urban Nexus,
Chiang Mai, Thailand,
17.-19. June 2015
Younes Hassib (civil engineer)
Sector Planner
GIZ - Water Competence Centre
Seite 1
Water  Energy  Water
WATER to ENERGY:


Annual global water withdrawal for energy production is 580 billion m³/year
(or 15% of the freshwater consumption) (source: OECD/IEA, 2012)
70 billion m³/year are not returned to its source (source: OECD/IEA, 2012)
ENERGY to WATER:


The US consumes annually 520 Million MWh on water related energy use
This corresponds with 13% of all electricity consumption in the country
(source: The carbon footprint of water, River Network, 2009)
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Seite 2
... let us put energy consumption into proportion
... For example for lifting water:
1 m³
1 m³
lift 1 m up !
= equals ½ hour
... For example for water desalination:
1 m³
1 m³
= equals 200 minutes
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Seite 3
How much energy is used at what stage ?
Water
Production and
Conveyance
Water
Treatment
Water
Distribution
Wastewater
collection &
treatment
0,00 kWh/m³
0,03 kWh/m³
0,07 kWh/m³
0,19 kWh/m³
high
3,73 kWh/m³
average --> 1,87 kWh/m³
accumulated --> 1,87 kWh/m³
4,27 kWh/m³
2,15 kWh/m³
4,01 kWh/m³
0,32 kWh/m³
0,19 kWh/m³
4,21 kWh/m³
1,23 kWh/m³
0,71 kWh/m³
4,91 kWh/m³
low
What can we do to reduce the energy demand ?
Not much !
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Little !
... we can do
much better !
GIZ Water Sector Projects
optimize !
Seite 4
... so what are the common problems with WATER DISTRIBUTION ?
Poor workmanship
Bad management of
house connections
No data !
Worn material
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Seite 5
... which result mostly in WATER LOSSES ?
... and generally poor asset management !
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Seite 6
How much water is effectively lost ?
Source: Guidelines for water loss reduction, giz, 2011
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Seite 7
wasting WATER = wasting ENERGY !
leak diameter
leakage flow rate*
low cost scenario
[mm]
0,5
1,0
1,5
2,0
3,0
4,0
5,0
6,0
[litres/minute]
0,33
0,97
1,82
3,16
8,15
14,80
22,30
30,00
[m³/year]
170
500
940
1.640
4.220
7.670
11.560
15.550
7,0
39,30
20.370
*) 5 ba r pres s ure
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high cost scenario
[kWh/year]** [USD/year]**** [kWh/year]*** [USD/year]****
20
2
340
27
50
4
1.000
80
90
7
1.880
150
160
13
3.280
260
420
34
8.440
680
770
62
15.340
1.230
1.160
93
23.120
1.850
1.560
120
31.100
2.490
2.040
160
40.740
3.260
**) a t 0,1 kWh/m³ ***) a t 2,0 kWh/m³ ****) a s s umi ng 0.08 USD/kWh
GIZ Water Sector Projects
Seite 8
How to improve water distribution ?
1. “Understand” your distribution system !
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Seite 9
How to optimize the water distribution ?
1. “Understand” your distribution system !
- Document the network
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Seite 10
How to optimize the water distribution ?
1. “Understand” your distribution system !
- Document the network
- Create district metering areas (DMA’s)
ZONE 1
VALVE
ZONE 2
ZONE 3
ZONE 4
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Seite 11
How to improve water distribution ?
1. “Understand” your distribution system !
- Document the network
- Create district metering areas (DMA’s)
- Measure flow and correlate to subscribers
ZONE 1
ZONE METERS
VALVE
ZONE 2
ZONE 3
ZONE 4
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Seite 12
How to improve water distribution ?
1. “Understand” your distribution system !
- Document the network
- Create district metering areas (DMA’s)
- Measure flow and correlate to subscribers
- Develop Water Balance (according to the
International Water Association, IWA)
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Seite 13
How to improve water distribution ?
1. “Understand” your distribution system !
2. Improve the system !
- Develop a “Loss reduction strategy”
- Carry out leak detection measures
- Implement construction measures:
Short term solution: Reduce network pressure
Investment: 50.000 USD
Water saved: 1.500 m³/night
Households served: 15.000
Payback-period: 2 years
Financed through: GIZ-PPP
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Seite 14
How to improve water distribution ?
1. “Understand” your distribution system !
2. Improve the system !
- Develop a “Loss reduction strategy”
- Carry out leak detection measures
- Implement construction measures:
Short term solution: Reduce network pressure
Long term solution: Repair the network
Cost depend on many
parameters and need to be
studied carefully !
... but if well done, it is
definitively worth the effort !
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Seite 15
Thank You for your attention !
... for more information please visit our website:
http://www.waterloss-reduction.com/
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Seite 16