A Presentation on

A Presentation on
Sewerage and Wastewater Management in
Cambodia
By: Long Chivina
Deputy Office Chief of Planning and Technique , Department of
Sub-National Public Infrastructure and Engineering
March 2014
INTRODUCTION
General Information
Organization Chart
Status of water pollution of river, lakes and bays, including
names of sources, rivers, lakes, and bays
Present Status of Sewage Works
Tentative Theme of Improvement Plan
Objective and Goal
Expectation
General Information
South-East of Asia- North
connected by the Loas,the East to
the Vietnam, the South-by the
Golf Sea of Thai and the West- by
the Thailand.
Land Area 181.035 Km2 .
Population : 13,388,910
(Population Cencus 2008)
The main religion is Buddhism.
Capitalcity : Phnom Penh
Total Number of Provinces and
Municipality: 24
Urban Population: 2,614,440
(19.5%)
Annual Growth Rate: 1.54%
Average Size of Household: 4.7
ORGANIZATION CHART OF THE MINISTRY PUBLIC WORKS AND TRANSPORT
MINISTER
SECRETARY
OF STATE
UNDER SECRETARY
OF STATE
ADVISORS
PUBLIC WORKS REGIONS
GENERAL DIRECTORATE
OF ADMINISTRATIVE
SERVICES
ADMINISTRATION
DEPARTMENT
24-MUNICIPAL
&PROVINCIAL PUBLIC
WORKS AND TRANSPORT
DEPARTMENTS
DEPARTMENT OF
PERSONEL
HUMANRESOURCES
GENERAL DIRECTORATE OF
TRANSPORT
DEPT. OF LAND
TRANSPORT
DEPT. OF WATER
TRANSPORT
GENERAL DIRECTORATE OF
PUBLIC WORKS
DEPT. OF ROADS
GENERAL INSPECTORATE
SIHANOUK VILLE PORT
AUTHORITY
HAVY EQUIPMENT
CENTER
PHNOM PENH PORT
AUTHORITY
DEPT. OF
ACCOUNTANT
&FINANCE
PUBLIC WORKS
RESEARCH CENTER
DEPT. OF MARCHAND
MARIINE
DEPT.OF PLANNING
DEPT. OF SUBNATIONAL
INFRASTRUCTURE AND
ENGINEERING
DEPT. OF INLAND WATER
WAY
CAMBODIA SHIPPING
AGENCY and BROKER
CAMSAB
ROYAL RAILWAY OF
CAMBODIA
ORGANIZATION CHART OF DEPARTMENT
Department of Sub-National
Public Infrastructure and Engineering
Office of
Administration and
General Affairs
Office of
Planning and
Techniques
Office of
Engineering
Office of
Waste Water
Treatment
System and
Flood Protection
System
Office of
Roads in
Capitals,
Provinces,
Cities and
Towns
Office of
Environment
and Public
Service System
Status of water pollution of river, lakes and bays, including names
of sources, rivers, lakes, and bays
Sources of pollution
In Cambodia, land and water resources and their associated biota are
considered to be major environmental concerns. Commercial forestry,
agriculture and mining affect the country's surface water system along with the
Mekong River upstream trans-boundary factors working through the regional
surface water network and local rivers to affect the primary resources of the
Tonle Sap Lake and its tributaries. Additionally, urban/town and industrial
pollution sources, aquaculture, and mining contribute to water quality
deterioration and affect the productivity of the inland fishery, which is also
increasingly influenced by intensified commercial and artisanal fishing practices.
Wastewater, sanitation and solid waste management are affecting the
urban/town water environment as well.
Situation of Rivers , Lakes, Bays
River, Lakes and Bays water quality data from the Ministry of Environment has
been available since 1999. The water quality indexes are compiled by the Ministry
of Environment including pH, Conductivity, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biological
Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Fecal Coliform, and
Total Suspended Solids (TSS), NO2, NO3, and PO4. The following figures indicate
water quality in watercourses with high concentration of Fecal Coliform for a few
months in a year where population density is high, and is compared to the National
Water Quality Standard of the Ministry of Environment (Fecal Coliform <5000).
Climate information
Average annual rainfall in the lowland area around Tonle Sap Great Lake, annual
rainfall ranges between 1,200 to 1,900 mm, average frequency of rainfall 265
time /year, maximum hourly rainfall 80 mm/hour and maximum 10 minute rainfall
120mm to 180mm. East of the Mekong River, rainfall generally averages between
1,500 to 3,000 mm.
Present Status of Sewage Works
Present status of sewerage and sanitation
Sewerage and Sanitation in Cambodia are very poorly because of financial and
technical reason.
Domestic wastewater and urban sewage are commonly collected by sewerage
system and run off to drainage and retention pond/lake or wetland afterward for selfpurification (through natural treatment process), and finally runs off to the main
watercourse
All sewerage and sanitation in Cambodia Cities are old that were
constructed during France's colonial without maintenance or reconstructing even 30
year civil war. In the result, many Cities of Cambodia are flooded in the raining
season.
Water Quality preservation :
Presently , there are no master plan,
Law or Regular and
exactly strategy to be developed in the field of waste water
management. Therefore, since August, 2011 department of subNational
Infrastructure and Engineering was established where part of responsibility is waste
water management at National Level under Ministry Public Works and Transports.
Nowadays, Master Plan, Laws and Regulation are prepared by technical team in
Department
Present status of sewerage system
Treatment plant
Example of Wastewater Treatment Plant and
Sewerage System in Sihanoukville City
Project Area
Sewage collection system: 65.80 Km
7.348 Km of trunk,
6.126 Km of collector sewer lines
42.165 Km of main lateral
10.1 Km branch lateral lines for 3,344 service connections.
The system covers an area about 221.5 ha and serves about 30,000 people
partly in Sangkat 1,2 and 4 of Prah Sihanouk City, Prah Sihanouk Province plus
1,200 m3/day wastewater from brewery (CAMBREW). The System is Separate
System .
Sulfide generation about 300 mg/L BOD5 at 30oC, effective BOD5 of about 738
mg/L. Slope requirements is 1.25 times the values for and effective BOD5 of 500
mg/L. All sewer components be protected from sulfide related corrosion.
The sludge is keep to dry on free surface area after that are collected out for the
agriculture using.
Wastewater Treatment Process
Present Status of Sewage Works
The storm water Drainage System for all Cities in Cambodia are responding
directly by provincial department public works and transport, and our
department is working as coordinate at National Level. Most Cities in
Cambodia were constructed in France's colonial. All infrastructures including
drainage system are old and abandoned without reconstruction and
maintenance during civil war. As the result, the cities suffer from habitual
inundation and poor environment condition caused by stagnant waste and
storm water in the lowland areas. Theses are serious constrains to the
residents' living environment as well as social and economic development of
the cities. The water need for the using about 178 l/person/day. But the drain
capacity is about 250 person/ manhole.
Tentative Theme of Improvement Plan
Title : Waste Water Management
Current Situation and Background
Water Treatment is new process for the Cambodia People. From 24 big Cities
are just only 4 of them have treatment plant witch one of them is out of
function. In the same time, the pollution from the people in the cities is
increased every day especially used water is directly discharged to the stream,
River or the Sea that is very influent to the Environment and people health.
Therefore, Ministry of Public Work and Transport establishes the Department of
Sub-national Infrastructure and Engineering to respond for coordinate and
manage all kinds of waste water before discharge in to the streams, River and
Sea, prepare some regulations, national sewage law for local authorities
especially provincial department of public work for operation, because of now
we have no regulation or guideline to protect water sheet for pollution of the
people. To prepare this regulation, the management process of waste water
need to be understood.
Objective and Goal
The main objective of this tentative theme is to produce emergency
waste water Regulation and law for water environment protection.
Expectation
Integrate Japan Experiences in the field management of waste water and new
technology to Cambodia’s waste water regulation
WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT PLAN AND PROJECTS IN CAMBODIA
AFD-Project (Continues)
Component 2 :
1.Focused on providing support to APSARA regarding its
internal procedures, the development of a hotel and cultural
zone, the planning of tourism amenities, as well as limited
beautification works of the Siem Reap river banks;
The total duration of the program w ill be 36 m onths. The
duration of civil w ork proper is ex pected to be 18 m onths.
Thank You For Your Attention!