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PSY333H5S -‐ Health Psychology Thursday 6:00pm – 9:00pm Room Location: IB 150 (Instructional Building) Contact Information Dr. Terry Borsook, Instructor Teaching Assistants: [email protected] Heather Gallant Office: Deerfield Hall, Room 4037 [email protected] Office hours: Mondays 10am to 12noon. Course Description It is increasingly becoming recognized within the medical community that a wide range of psychological and social factors interact with biology to profoundly influence human health. That is, our physical health depends on a complex interplay between what goes on inside our heads, what goes on throughout the rest of our body, and what goes on around us in our environment. Health Psychology is the field of science concerned with investigating specifically how mental and social factors interact with biology to impact physical health and wellbeing. As such it is an interdisciplinary field that sits at the intersection of psychology, neuroscience, biology, epigenetics, medicine, systems theory, among others. The goal of this important field is to help improve physical health through the development of a better understanding of how mental, social, and physical phenomena interact to influence health outcomes and to apply this understanding in clinical practice to improve health care. As such, Health Psychology is at the forefront of a movement within medicine towards personalized treatments – that the more we can know about how mental and social factors affect health, the more targeted clinicians can make their treatments. We are just beginning to understand that health is an emergent property of a complex interaction between thoughts, emotions, behaviors, brain, the environment, and the body, and health psychology is, at its essence, all about this. Reading Material ! ! Brannon, L, Feist, J., & Updegraff, JA (2014). Health psychology: An introduction to behavior and health (8th ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth. Assorted readings. See Course Outline section on page 4. Course Evaluation Item Midterm test 1 Personal growth project Research review paper Final exam (cumulative) Date Feb 12 Mar 5 April 2 (last day of classes) TBD Worth (%) 25 20 30 25 Page 1 Spring 2015 - Department of Psychology Course Outline Week 1 Topic Intro to Health Psychology Readings, etc. Text Ch 1 Jan 8 2 Research in Health Psychology Text Ch 2 Jan 15 We will explore how to do research in health psychology as well as how to critically consume research, claims and avoid falling into numerous dangerous traps. Text Ch 7 Pain 3 Jan 22 4 Jan 29 5 Feb 5 What is pain, how does it work and how is linked to psychological factors? Pain may be thought of as the “universal condition” in that every human (with a few notable exceptions) will be in its grip and a powerful grip it has. And while it seems rather simple in its operation (injury = pain), it is in fact incredibly complex. Placebo effects and the mind-‐body connection ! ! Placebo effects are probably one of the most fascinating ! examples of how the mind and body work in concert to determine health. We will explore this fascinating phenomenon as well as others pertaining to the mind-‐body association. ! Social factors and health An examination of the numerous and profound ways in which our social relationships impact our health. ! Benedetti, Carlino, & Pollo (2011) Finniss, Kaptchuk, Miller & Benedetti (2010) Price, Finniss, and Benedetti (2008) Holt-‐Lunstad, Smith & Layton (2010) Dickerson, Gruenewald, & Kemeny (2004) Smith & Christakis (2008) Uchino (2006) ! ! 6 ** MIDTERM TODAY Text Chs 5-‐6 Feb 12 Stress and health, Day 1 of 2 7 Stress refers to the adaptations the body makes in order to maintain homeostasis in the face of threat. Stress, particularly when it’s intense or persistent, can have an enormous impact on health as well as on treatments of almost all medical conditions. We’ll take a look at some of the effects of stress on the body as well as how stress produces these effects. Stress and health, Day 2 of 2 Feb 19 Today we will continue our investigation of stress and health. 8 Reading week. No class. Text Chs 5-‐6 Feb 26 Page 2 Spring 2015 - Department of Psychology 9 Exercise and health Mar 5 When people talk about mind-‐body health, it is typically in the sense that mind influences physical health. But the converse is also very true. Exercise can have wide ranging effects on mental ! health. In this lecture we will be investigating this fascinating topic. 10 ! ! ! ** PERSONAL GROWTH PROJECT DUE Behavior and health Blumenthal et al (2007) Stathopoulou et al (2006) Otto et al (2007) Wolff et al (2011) Text, chs 9,10 Mar 12 Why can’t we all just eat only broccoli, exercise for 45 minutes every day, not smoke, abstain from alcohol, and generally do all the right things? 11 Health psychology and chronic illness Text, ch 11 Mar 19 12 Sexual behavior Mar 26 13 Public and Community Health Apr 2 ** RESEARCH PAPER DUE Final exam: During exam period, it is the student’s responsibility to be available for the entire exam period. Readings Bibliography Benedetti, F., Carlino, E., & Pollo, A. (2011). How placebos change the patient's brain. Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 36(1), 339–354. doi:10.1038/npp.2010.81 Blumenthal, J. A., Babyak, M. A., Doraiswamy, P. M., Watkins, L., Hoffman, B. M., Barbour, K. A., Herman, S., et al. (2007). Exercise and Pharmacotherapy in the Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder. Psychosomatic Medicine, 69(7), 587–596. doi:10.1097/PSY.0b013e318148c19a Dickerson, S. S., Gruenewald, T. L., & Kemeny, M. E. (2004). When the social self is threatened: shame, physiology, and health. Journal of Personality, 72(6), 1191–1216. doi:10.1111/j.1467-‐6494.2004.00295.x Finniss, D. G., Kaptchuk, T. J., Miller, F., & Benedetti, F. (2010). Biological, clinical, and ethical advances of placebo effects. Lancet, 375(9715), 686–695. doi:10.1016/S0140-‐6736(09)61706-‐2 Holt-‐Lunstad, J., Smith, T. B., & Layton, J. B. (2010). Social relationships and mortality risk: a meta-‐analytic review. PLoS Medicine, 7(7), e1000316. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000316 Page 3 Spring 2015 - Department of Psychology Miller, G., Chen, E., & Cole, S. W. (2009). Health Psychology: Developing Biologically Plausible Models Linking the Social World and Physical Health. Annual review of psychology, 60(1), 501–524. doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.60.110707.163551 Otto, M. W., Church, T. S., Craft, L. L., Greer, T. L., Smits, J. A. J., & Trivedi, M. H. (2007). Exercise for mood and anxiety disorders. Primary care companion to the Journal of clinical psychiatry, 9(4), 287. Price, D. D., Finniss, D. G., & Benedetti, F. (2008). A comprehensive review of the placebo effect: recent advances and current thought. Annual review of psychology, 59(1), 565–590. doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.59.113006.095941 Smith, K. P., & Christakis, N. A. (2008). Social Networks and Health. Annual Review of Sociology, 34(1), 405– 429. doi:10.1146/annurev.soc.34.040507.134601 Stathopoulou, G., Powers, M. B., Berry, A. C., Smits, J. A. J., & Otto, M. W. (2006). Exercise interventions for mental health: a quantitative and qualitative review. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 13(2), 179– 193. Uchino, B. N. (2006). Social Support and Health: A Review of Physiological Processes Potentially Underlying Links to Disease Outcomes. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 29(4), 377–387. doi:10.1007/s10865-‐006-‐9056-‐ 5 Wolff, E., Gaudlitz, K., Lindenberger, B.-‐L., Plag, J., Heinz, A., & Ströhle, A. (2011). Exercise and physical activity in mental disorders. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 261(S2), 186–191. doi:10.1007/s00406-‐011-‐0254-‐y Personal Health Improvement Project Choose a personal health improvement target, something that you would like to improve about yourself. It could be eating less or more healthily, quitting smoking, exercising more, managing stress, improving your social connections. You will use a smartphone app to keep a diary regarding this behavior. Before attempting any change, you will keep a detailed diary of the target behavior for one week. Include how often you do it, in what contexts, and with whom. For example, if the goal is to exercise more, record every time you exercise, for how long, where, and with whom. Also record how difficult/easy it was for you, why it was difficult/easy, etc. Then in the subsequent week, begin applying an intervention that you’ve learned about. Continue to keep a detailed log of your experiences. The deliverable: A 7-‐10 page end-‐of-‐project report including a printout of your diary log along with reflections regarding the experience regarding your attempts to achieve your health goals. IMPORTANT: You will need to get your personal growth target approved before beginning. More details will be provided in class and on portal. Research Review Paper Page 4 Spring 2015 - Department of Psychology Your research paper will be a 10-‐15 page paper in which you review the scientific literature on a health psychology related question of your choice. You will need to get your question approved by me (the professor) prior to your work on the paper. More details will be provided in class and on portal. Midterms and Final exam There will 1 midterm, worth 25% of your total grade. The final exam will be worth 25% of your total grade. Both tests will consist of a portion of multiple choice, short answer and essay questions. The short answer and essay questions will ask you to think about the material that you’ve learned and to express yourself in a clear manner that shows off you’re your knowledge and your ability to apply that knowledge. While the midterm will assess you on the material covered during a specific number of lectures (from the beginning of the class to the last lecture prior the midterm), the exam will be cumulative, meaning that you should be prepared to be queried on anything covered over the entire semester. Course Webpage The website associated with this course is accessible via http://portal.utoronto.ca Note: You don't need to create a new login for Blackboard; it already knows who you are. You just need your UTORid and password. This is the same login that gets you onto the wireless network with your laptop, and the same one that you use to check your email. If you're confused about your UTORid or don't remember your password, go to: https://www.utorid.utoronto.ca/ In order to access course material, monitor course information, and view your grades you must log into Blackboard. If you have any general questions regarding Blackboard, please visit the following help site: http://www.portalinfo.utoronto.ca/students.htm IMPORTANT COURSE POLICIES **PLEASE READ** Missed Test Special Consideration Request Process Students who miss a test due to circumstances beyond their control (e.g. illness or an accident) can request that the Department grant them special consideration. Students must present their case to the Department (NOT the Instructor) by submitting a request via the online Special Consideration Request form at: https://utmapp.utm.utoronto.ca/SpecialRequest. Students are to submit original supporting documentation (e.g., medical certificates, accident reports, etc.) to the Psychology Academic Counselor or drop it in the drop box located outside the Psychology office, Deerfield Hall, 4th Floor. Students have up-‐to one week from the date of the missed test to submit request. Late submissions will NOT be considered without a letter of explanation specifying and documenting the reasons for the lateness. . Medical certificates or physician’s notes must be completed by the Physician and MUST include the statement "This Student [name] was unable to write the test on [date(s)] for medical reasons". This documentation must show that the physician was consulted within one the day of the missed term test. A statement merely acknowledging a report of illness made by the student to the physician is NOT acceptable. For further information on this procedure please see: http://www.utm.utoronto.ca/psychology/undergraduate-‐studies/missed-‐testslate-‐submissions If you missed your test/assignment deadline for a reason connected to your registered disability, please be advised that the department will accept documentation supplied by the UTM AccessAbility Resource Centre. Page 5 Spring 2015 - Department of Psychology IMPORTANT: The Department of Psychology verifies the authenticity of medical certificates by contacting medical offices. Students are NOT to make any changes or alteration to completed medical certificates. Students who submit forged or altered documentation are subject to severe academic penalties. If your request is approved by the department, the value of the test will be redistributed to the final examination. Extension of Time Special Consideration Request Process Students who seek to be granted more time to complete their term work beyond the due date without penalty, owing to circumstances beyond their control (e.g., illness, or an accident), must do so by submitting a request directly to the Instructor for the period up to and including the last day of the term. The decision as to whether or not to apply a penalty for the specified period rests with the Instructor. Students who seek to be granted more time to complete term work beyond the last day of the term must submit their request directly to the Department. This request covers the period following the last day of classes and ends the last day of the exam period. This is done by submitting a request via the online Special Consideration Request form at https://utmapp.utm.utoronto.ca/SpecialRequest. You are advised to seek advising by the departmental Undergraduate Counsellor prior to the deadline. Original supporting documentation (e.g., medical certificates, accident reports, etc.) must be submitted to the Psychology Academic Counselor or dropped off in the drop box located outside the Psychology office Deerfield Hall, 4th Floor. Students are expected to submit requests to the Department before the last day of the term, unless demonstrably serious reasons prevent them from doing so. In the event of an illness, medical certificates or doctor’s notes must confirm that student was ill on the due date of the assignment (for a one-‐day extension). For a longer extension, documentation must specify the full duration during which academic work could not be carried out. For extensions of time beyond the examination period you must submit a petition through the Office of the Registrar. http://www.utm.utoronto.ca/registrar/current-‐students/petitions . Penalties for Lateness A penalty of 10% per calendar day (i.e., including week-‐ends and holidays, during which students are not able to submit term work) up to and including the last day of classes, will be applied by the Instructor. After the last day of classes, the penalty of 10% per calendar day will be applied by the Undergraduate Counsellor on behalf of the Department. No penalty will be assigned if request for special consideration, described above, was successful. Academic Guidelines It is your responsibility to ensure that you have met all prerequisites listed in the UTM Calendar for this course. If you lack any prerequisites you WILL BE REMOVED from the course up until the last day to add a course. Further information about academic regulations, course withdrawal dates and credits can be found in the University of Toronto Mississauga Calendar at: http://www.erin.utoronto.ca/regcal/. You are encouraged to read this material. If you run into trouble and need advice about studying, preparing for exams, note taking or time management, free workshops and advice are available from the Robert Gillespie Academic Skills Centre at 905-‐828-‐5406. AccessAbility Services Students requiring academic accommodations for learning, physical, sensory, or mental health disabilities or medical conditions should contact the AccessAbility Office (2037B Davis Building), 905-‐828-‐3847. http://www.utm.utoronto.ca/accessability/ Academic Honesty and Plagiarism Page 6 Spring 2015 - Department of Psychology Honesty and fairness are considered fundamental to the university's mission, and, as a result, all those who violate those principles are dealt with as if they were damaging the integrity of the university itself. When students are suspected of cheating or a similar academic offence, they are typically surprised at how formally and seriously the matter is dealt with -‐-‐ and how severe the consequences can be if it is determined that cheating did occur. The University of Toronto treats cases of cheating and plagiarism very seriously. Please take the time to review the Academic Integrity website: http://www.utm.utoronto.ca/academic-‐integrity/students. Common trends in academic offences: • Plagiarizing/concocted references • Collaboration/unauthorized assistance • Purchasing work • Recycling work -‐ "double-‐dipping" • Resubmitting of altered work for re-‐grading • Electronic devices (cell phones) or any unauthorized aids • Altering medical certificates and UofT documents From the Code of Behaviour on Academic Matters: “It shall be an offence for a student to knowingly: represent as one's own any idea or expression of an idea or work of another in any academic examination or term test or in connection with any other form of academic work, i.e. to commit plagiarism. Wherever in the Code an offence is described as depending on "knowing”, the offence shall likewise be deemed to have been committed if the person ought reasonably to have known.” All students must refer to this website to obtain information on what constitutes plagiarism. http://www.writing.utoronto.ca/advice/using-‐sources/how-‐not-‐to-‐plagiarize. If questions arise after reading the material on the website, consult your instructor. Plagiarism will not be tolerated. Please note that this outline is subject to change depending on the needs of the class (we may need additional time to cover a topic). Any changes to the syllabus will be announced in class one week before. However, the assignment and test dates are fixed. Page 7 Spring 2015 - Department of Psychology