P.K. Champati ray Head, Geosciences & Geohazards Dept. IIRS

P.K. Champati ray,
Head, Geosciences &
Geohazards Dept.
IIRS
(Former Head, Geol. Disaster Div., SDMC, New Delhi)
ESCAP-CSSTEAP Programme, 26 Aug 2013
Remote Sensing
and GIS for DRM
Disaster
DMS - DSC Operation
Data Acquisition, Processing, Analysis & Dissemination
ALERT
Advance Info.
on Disaster/
Trigger
Disaster
Disaster Forecasting
Forecasting Organizations
Organizations
Satellite
Satellite Data
Data Programming
Programming
And
And Acquisition
Acquisition
SDA
(CWC,
(CWC, IMD,
IMD, …)
…)
Other
Other Sources
Sources
(Press/
(Press/ TV,
TV, Local
Local Bodies,
Bodies, NGO)
NGO)
Data
•• Satellite,
Satellite, Aerial
Aerial
•• Coarse
Coarse -- High
High
Resolution
Resolution
•• Optical
Optical Microwave
Microwave
Data Processing
ASAR/ALTM/DC
ASAR/ALTM/DC etc.
etc.
Flight
Flight Planning
Planning
Defense
Defense clearance
clearance
Data
Data acquisition,
acquisition,
processing
processing and
and
transfer
transfer to
to DSC
DSC
DPA
Database,
Database,
Knowledge
Knowledge Banks
Banks
Ground
Ground // Ancillary
Ancillary
Information
Information
Data Analysis
DSC
Outputs
Dissemination
Dissemination to
to Users
Users
VSAT,
VSAT, FTP,
FTP, Web
Web page,
page, E-mail
E-mail etc.
etc.
Hardware
Hardware &
&
software
software
Customized
Customized
Analysis
Analysis Tools
Tools
Source: DSC, NRSC
Monitoring of Floods in Orissa
Pre-Flood
Bhadrak
Jajpur
Kendrapada
Resourcesat-1 AWiFS data of Feb 07,2011
Bhadrak
During-Flood
ß Flood Inundation
Jajpur
Kendrapada
Resourcesat-2 AWiFS data of Sep 26,2011
Source: DSC, NRSC
Odisha Flood, 2011
Source: DSC, NRSC
Source: DSC, NRSC
NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL DROUGHT ASSESSMENT AND MONITORING SYSTEM
Satellite data analysis
Coverage
Drought assessment
AWiFS
•
•
•
•
AWiFS
MODIS 250 mts
MODIS 1 km
AVHRR
Indicators/information
being used in
drought assessment
AVHRR
Integration with ground data
.
.
30 Sep
31 Aug
11 Sep
18 Sep
25 Sep
31 Jul
7 Aug
14 Aug
21 Aug
.
12/6 19/6 6/6 3/710/7 17/7 24/7 31/7 7/8 14/8 21/8 28/8 4/9 11/9 18/9 25/9
3 Jul
0
-100
10 Jul
50
-50
17 Jul
100
Sowing progress
24 Jul
150
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
12 Jun
% of normal
200
19 Jun
250
26 Jun
Rainfall deviations
5 Jun
300
% deviation
• NDVI
• NDWI
• EVI
• AMSR E soil moisture
• CPC rainfall forecast
• Soil
• Rainfall
• Sown area
• Cropping pattern
• Irrigation support
Information reporting
Active Fire Detection
•Generation of daily near-real-time forest
fire alerts.
•Value additions in terms of forest admin.
boundaries, village locations and road
network overlay.
•Dissemination of fire alerts to respective
state forest departments by email and webupdates for mitigation activities.
Source: DSC, NRSC
•
•
•
•
•
Liquefaction modelling,
NRT
Tsunami and storm
surge modelling, RTNRT
Earthquake triggered
landslide modelling,
NRT
Causative Fault
mapping, PEQ
Damage assessment,
PEQ
73°31'29"E
74°1'29"E
34°40'56"N
34°40'56"N
J&K
INDIA
Balakot
Neelam River
Muzaffarabad
73°42'36"E
73°44'24"E
±
34°10'12"N
Jehlum River
agar
Srin ms
80 K
34°10'12"N
Uri
34°8'24"N
34°8'24"N
73°42'36"E
0
33°40'56"N
73°31'29"E
74°1'29"E
0.5
1
73°44'24"E
2
Km
33°40'56"N
Landslide thickness (m)
40 - 80
-130 - -80
80 - 130
-80 - -40
130 -170
-40 - 0
170 - 220
Liquefaction
Modelling,
Bhuj Earthquake 2001
#
Kavda
Rapar
#
Chobari
#
#
Amarsar
Lodai
#
#
Dudhai #
#
Bhuj
Deshalpar
#
#
Bachau
#
#
Anjar
#
Gandhidam
#
Kandla
port
#
Mandvi
#
#
Manfara
Adhoi
#
City
USGS epicenter
Liquefaction Probability
0.8 - 0.9
0.7 - 0.8
0.6 - 0.7
0.5 - 0.6
0.4 - 0.5
0.3 - 0.4
0.2 - 0.3
0.1 - 0.2
0 - 0.1
Water
#
Mundra
#
N
W
20
0
E
20 Kilometers
S
0 - 40
-172 - -130
Landslide Hazard Mitigation
•
•
•
•
•
Landslide monitoring using medium and
high resolution satellite data products
Landslide movement assessment using
InSAR
Predictive modelling for Landslide Hazard
Assessment and Landslide Hazard
Zonation
Landslide deterministic modelling and
Early Warning
Seismicity Induced Landslide Modelling
Landslides on IRS LISSIII and PAN merged
data
LHZ using Fuzzy
Integration
22 June – 27 July04
DInSAR Envisat-ASAR
Landslide Hazard Assessment in Uttarkashi
IRS-PAN image of Uttarkashi
before landslide
IRS-PAN image of Uttarkashi
after landslide
IRS-PAN image of Varunavat
Landslide
Landslide hazard Zonation, Uttarkashi
IRS-LISS-III image of Uttarkashi
before landslide
IRS-LISS-III image of Uttarkashi
after landslide
IRS-LISS-III image of Uttarkashi
after landslide, draped on DEM
Four road sectors were taken up in Uttarakhand (Badrinath, Kedarnath,
Pithoragarh, and Gangotri for LHZ in collaboration with 11 Govt. agencies
including WIHG, DTRL, CBRI, IITR and UPRSAC)
Varunavat Landslide, Uttarkashi
Precipitation Threshold based modelling for Landslide Initiation
•
Automated Weather Stations have been installed in
Alkananda and Bhagirathi valley, two most landslide
prone regions of Uttarakhand.
•
Antecedent Precipitation based Threshold has been
modelled based on landslides inventory of 20 years
(Source: BRO)
•
Early results are encouraging:
rise in threshold
corresponds to landslides observed in 2007, 2009 and
2010 near Badrinath (Lambagarh), Pipalkoti and other
places.
Rainfall Threshold for Landslide Occurrence
(Lambagarh)
Daily Rainfall
Threshold
200
150
Threshold
100
50
0
-50
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
-100
-150
Date (July 2009)
Debris Flow Simulation & Modeling
(Case studies from Ukhimath (Sep 2012) & Uttarkashi (Sep 2003) landslide Events)
ØEvent 1: September 14, 2012, Ukhimath - debris flow triggered by heavy rain & cloudburst
caused death of 51 people and large scale damage to the property in & around Ukhimath.
ØEvent 2: September 23, 2003, Varunavat (Uttarkashi) landslide - 3000 people were affected
and property worth Rs 50 crores was damaged.
Landslide locations: Draped
over Cartosat-1 image
Photograph showing debris flow location
Flow chart of simulation process
Google Earth Image (Left)
And LISS –IV Image (Right) of the Varunavat Hill, Uttarkashi
Debris flow simulation & Modeling
Simulated models and output profiles: Uttarkashi (left) and Ukhimath (right) landslide
events
Velocity Profile
Flow Height Profile
Momentum Profile
Location
Pressure Profile
C avg in KPa
φavg
φ used in
RAMMS
Uttarkashi
57.13
25°
25-30°
Ukhimath
2.12
33°
28-35°
Frictional parameters : RAMMS input vis-à-vis Lab results
• Numerical modeling is capable of simulating natural events
• Output profiles can be used for installation of proper mitigation measures
• Best fit Voellmy friction coefficients can be validated and utilized for
prediction of extent of run out zone of future potential flow
•For rescue and relief operation, pre-event satellite image maps (Cartosat1) on 1:10,000 with locations of villages/settlements, landslides, and safe
locations were provided to stake holder for Kedarnath to Gaurikund
(Uttarakhand Police).
•Maps on 1:10,000 scale with details on landslides, village locations etc.
were provided to Indian Army and Air Force with post-event LISS –IV and
Cartosat merged data (Kedarnath to Gaurikund).
•3-D fly through were also provided to Air Force for critical areas in
Kedarnath sector
Uttarakhand Disaster 2013…IIRS, ISRO response
Post-disaster
• Landslide location maps from Kedarnath to Rudraprayag on 1: 10,000
scale along with pre and post event satellite data have been provided to
stake holder (DM, Rudraprayag).
• Currently geological risk assessment is going on for Yamunotri temple
based on the request of DM, Uttarkashi and Mining and Geol. Unit of
Uttarakhand Govt.
• Additionally, action has been taken to assess the cause, consequence
and mitigation of such disasters by taking up studies related to detailed
landslide inventory, Geomorphological change detection, flood
modelling, damage assessment, debris flow modeling, risk assessment,
glacier / snow cover monitoring, glacier lake mapping etc. under inhouse R&D and training programmes of IIRS.
Landslide Inventory (Gourikund – Kedernath Sector, UK)
Prepared by Interpretation of IRS – P6:LISS VII data of Pre & Post Disaster Event
Rainfall Threshold based Modelling for Landslide
Area: Lambagarh, close to Badrinath
Landslide Hazard Mitigation: Propose Strategy
Key points on
Landslide Hazards
1.Landslides can compound the
effect of lake outburst flood as
experienced in Uttarakhand
2.Un controlled development
in hilly area can lead to
landslide disasters
3.Changing precipitation
pattern, extreme weather
phenomenon severely affects
slope stability.
4.Landslide hazard can be
minimised by risk assessment,
EWS, flow / fall modelling,
early detection and
mainstreaming in
development planning
Landslide Hazard Mitigation: Propose Strategy
The road ahead…
Short term
•Detail Landslide inventory (Characterization of landslides into finer categories -e.g., rock
fall, wedge failure, translational & rotational slides)
•Assess landside risk (by LHZ and flow modelling) and communicate to stake holders
•Early detection of slope movement using space borne geodetic techniques (InSAR & GNSS
observation).
• Geomorphological / topographical/ land use/ river dynamics change detection
• Damage assessment
•Updating the inventory of glacial lakes, snow cover mapping and monitoring.
Long term
• Facilitate mainstreaming landslide disaster reduction measures in development planning
related to road/dam/urban structure construction.
•Development of EWS using ground based instrumentations -GPS/AWS/ DWR
•Understanding intricate relationship of Climate-Tectonics-Landslides
Risk assessment, modelling, EWS, capacity building and awareness generation holds key in
landslide mitigation strategy and IIRS can play a crucial role in these areas in landslide
studies in Himalaya
International courses since 2001 in collaboration with ITC, University of
Twente, The Netherlands, trained 150 persons
Geoinformation Science and Earth Observation with specialization in Natural
Hazards and Disaster Risk Management (NHDRM)
•Post Graduate Diploma -10 months duration
•M. Sc – 18 months duration (3 months in The Netherlands)
1. Environmental
hazards
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Land degradation
Erosion
Pest and diseases
Drought
Deforestation
Forest fire hazards
Forest degradation
Pollution
2. Geological hazards
•
•
•
•
•
•
Earthquake
Landslides
Ground water pollution
Ground subsidence
Mining hazards
Glacier related hazards
3. Hydro–meteorological
hazards
• Flood
• GLOF, Avalanches
• Coastal hazardserosion, salt water
intrusion
• Tsunami
• Storm surge
Thank You
P. K. Champati ray
[email protected]