Transplantation Immunology Principles of Immunology 4/25/06

Principles of Immunology
Transplantation Immunology
4/25/06
Word/Terms List







Allograft
Autograft
GVH
HLA
Isograft
MHC
Xenograft
Transplantation Immunology
Types of transplants




Autograft
Isograft
Allograft
Xenograft
Graft Rejection
 First set
 Second set
Analogous to primary and secondary
antibody response
Causes of Rejection
 MHC – HLA antigens in humans
 Haplotypes
 DTH reaction
 Cell-mediated immunity
Stages of Rejection
 Sensitization APCs from donor
 APCs from host
 “Passenger leukocytes”
 CD8 and CD4 both react
Stages of Rejection
 Effector stage
 C mediated Ab response
 ADCC
 CTLs
 DTH
Compatibility Tests
 ABO
 Microcytotoxicity
 Pre existing Ab
 C mediated
 Mixed lymphocyte reaction
 Measures T helper activation
 Uses radioactive thymidine as
determinant
Clinical Types of Rejection
 Hyperacute
 <24 hours
 Preexisting Ab
 ABO mismatch
 Acute
 Weeks
 Macrophages
 Cytokines
 Chronic
 Months or longer
 Humoral and cell-mediated
General Immunosupression
 Mitotic Inhibitors
 Affects all rapidly dividing cells
 Steroids
 Anti inflammatory
 Cytokine inhibitors
 Inhibits T cell proliferation
Specific Immunosupression
 Monoclonal Ab
 Anti CD3
 Blocking co stimulation
 CTLA injection
Immune Tolerance
 Non immunogenic tissue
 Privileged sites
 Induced tolerance