ECLAC LOGISTICS PROFILE: Ecuador INTRODUCTION

ECLAC LOGISTICS PROFILE:
Ecuador
Last Update: 21/12/2015
INTRODUCTION
ECLAC's Logistics Profiles have been developed by the ECLAC Infrastructure Services Unit (ISU) with the aim to provide
in a single concise document an overview of the existing transport services in the countries of the region. Some
information is also offered - on a case-by-case basis - on the existing regulatory and institutional frameworks, as well as
the participation of the countries in the global, regional and bilateral transport agreements.
By gathering the information on all modes of transport, the profiles seek to promote a comprehensive vision of transport
services (all modes of transport and data on both existing infrastructure and its use), in line with the ECLAC’s general
recommendation in favour of integrated and sustainable logistics and mobility policies.
The profiles also intend to respond to the challenge of finding updated data on the existing transport infrastructure in the
region. While some international databases offer basic data on road, rail and other infrastructure, the best – but not
always available or known – sources remain the national statistic and other bulletins published by the transport ministries,
national statistics institutes and other national bodies. The ECLAC profiles are largely based on these national sources,
whose utility should not be underestimated. This, however, also means that the strength of each profile depends on the
information made available by the country. Some international indicators, especially as far as the logistics performance is
concerned, are quoted, but, in doing so, ISU encourages the readers to always bear in mind the exact scope,
methodology and, therefore, the limitations of each indicator.
The latest version of the profiles consists of three main parts:
Transport services by mode of transport
Modal Split, Road Safety and Logistics Performance
Institutional and Regulatory Framework
The general foreign trade background is available in the annex of each profile.
Depending on the availability of the information, the exact structure of each part of the profile will be different. The profiles
are updated continuously both in their content and their format and ISU welcomes and values all comments, questions
and suggestions which can be sent to: [email protected].
ECLAC Logistics Profile 2008-2014 - Ecuador
Transport Services by Mode
Maritime Transport
National Port System
Each of the four maritime ports of Ecuador is administered by a separate port authority. In 2004 the operation of multi-purpose and
container terminal of Guayaquil was granted in concession to Contecon Guayaquil S.A., (Grupo ICTSI).
Source: ISU/ECLAC
Merchant fleet by flag of registration (2014)
Oil Tankers
Bulk Carriers
General Cargo
Container Ships
Others
Number registered:
34
6
40
Gross tonnage:
200,076
4,747
37,385
Source: United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
National Port Performance
Total cargo movements (all ports) (tons, thous.)
Total container movements (all ports) (TEU, thous.)
45,750
41,176
42,131
1,773
42,809
38,794
1,529
1,591
1,596
2012
2013
1,253
2008
2009
2010
Source: ISU/ECLAC, Maritime Profile
23/12/2015
2011
2012
980
1,002
2008
2009
2010
2011
2014
Source: ISU/ECLAC, Maritime Profile
Page 1
ECLAC Logistics Profile 2008-2014 - Ecuador
Air Transport
Air Transport Performance
Passengers transported by airports (thousands)
National
International
Cargo transported by airports (thous. tons)
Total
National
International
Total
3,910
3,602
2,969
2008
2,733
2009
2,903
2010
3,203
3,118
2011
2012
2013
2014
Source: DGAC
202
186
2008
2009
212
222
221
2010
2011
2012
Source: DGAC
Air Transport Performance Forecast (thous. tons, thous. passengers)
148,637
145,299
142,047
4,177
4,454
2014
2015
Ca rgo
4,758
2016
Pa s s engers
Source: IATA. Real data for 2011, forecast for 2012-2016
23/12/2015
Page 2
ECLAC Logistics Profile 2008-2014 - Ecuador
Road Transport
Infrastructure (2013)
Total (km.)
Main (km.)
Secondary (km.)
Local (km.)
Paved (km.)
% Paved
59,576
9,576
50,000
0
18,973
31.85%
Source: DIRCAIBEA
Main road network (km.)
2008
2011
9,576
9,576
2012
2013
Source: DIRCAIBEA
Road density: all roads (km./100 km2)
23.99
23.99
2012
2013
Source: DIRCAIBEA. Territory: World Bank
23/12/2015
Road density: all roads (km./1,000 people)
3.84
3.78
2012
2013
Source: DIRCAIBEA. Population: CELADE
Page 3
ECLAC Logistics Profile 2008-2014 - Ecuador
Road density: main roads (km./100 km2)
Road density: main roads (km./1,000 people)
3.86
3.86
0.62
0.61
2012
2013
2012
2013
Source: DIRCAIBEA. Territory: World Bank
Source: DIRCAIBEA. Population: CELADE
Fleet (2014)
Total
Passenger Cars
1,752,712
790,398
Buses
Cargo Trucks
Taxis
499,154
Motorbikes
Other
405,173
5,313
Source: INEC
Road fleet (number of vehicles)
Composition of the road fleet (number of vehicules) (2014)
1,752,712
1,717,886
1,509,458
1,418,339
29%
1,171,924
989,039
47%
905,651
0%
24%
2008
2009
Source: INEC
23/12/2015
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
Cars
Motorbikes
Other
Trucks
Source: INEC
Page 4
ECLAC Logistics Profile 2008-2014 - Ecuador
Cargo fleet (number of vehicles)
468,194
499,154
432,389
372,610
319,350
2008
397,289
290,114
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
Source: INEC
Motorization (Passenger Cars/1,000 people)
Motorization (Motorbikes/1,000 people)
53.25
25.29
49.34
47.67
22.98
44.51
39.30
36.17
19.74
19.08
2011
2012
32.31
11.98
2008
2009
2010
Source: INEC. CELADE
23/12/2015
2011
2012
2013
2014
7.60
7.24
2008
2009
2010
2013
2014
Source: INEC. CELADE
Page 5
ECLAC Logistics Profile 2008-2014 - Ecuador
Rail Transport
Infrastructure (2012)
Total length (km.)
Details
966
La red total existente incluye 965.5 km, pero solo 300.10 (31 %) de la totalidad son operativos.
Source: Atlas Geográfico Nacional 2013
Rail network (km.)
966
2012
Source: Atlas Geográfico Nacional 2013
Rail density (km./100 km2)
Rail density (km./1,000 people)
0.39
0.06
2012
2012
Source: Atlas Geográfico Nacional 2013. Territory: World Bank
23/12/2015
Source: Atlas Geográfico Nacional 2013. Population: CELADE
Page 6
ECLAC Logistics Profile 2008-2014 - Ecuador
Passengers transported (thous.)
Urban
Interurban
Total
175
139
124
2012
2013
2014
Source: INEC
23/12/2015
Page 7
ECLAC Logistics Profile 2008-2014 - Ecuador
Inland Water Transport
Infrastructure (2012)
Main Ports
Secondary Ports
4
3
Puerto El Carmen
Puerto Francisco de
Orellana
Nuevo Rocafuerte
Puerto Misahuallí
Puerto Morona, Puerto
Colón, Punta Concepción
Local Ports
Operational waterways
(km.)
Naturally navigable rivers
and lakes (km.)
1,500
Source: USI/CEPAL, 2015
Operational waterways (km.)
1,500
2012
Source: USI/CEPAL, 2015
Operational waterways density (km./100 km2)
Operational waterways density (km./1,000 people)
0.60
0.10
2012
Source: USI/CEPAL, 2015. Territory: World Bank
23/12/2015
2012
Source: USI/CEPAL, 2015. Population: CELADE
Page 8
ECLAC Logistics Profile 2008-2014 - Ecuador
Fleet (2012)
Number of vessels by
load capacity:
23/12/2015
Total
< 250 t
250 to 399 t
400 to 649 t
650 to 999 t
301
1
7
185
108
Page 9
ECLAC Logistics Profile 2008-2014 - Ecuador
Modal Split, Road Safety and Logistics Performance
Transport sector in national economy
Transport Sector share in GDP (%)
7.20%
7.40%
7.30%
7.40%
7.30%
7.20%
7.20%
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
Source: BCE
23/12/2015
Page 10
ECLAC Logistics Profile 2008-2014 - Ecuador
Modal Split in Imports
Imports (TON, thous.)
Imports (USD, thous.)
18,000
30,000,000
16,000
14,000
Truck
12,000
River
25,000,000
20,000,000
Rail
10,000
Other modes
8,000
Lake
4,000
Airborne
River
Rail
15,000,000
Maritime
6,000
Truck
Other modes
Maritime
10,000,000
5,000,000
Lake
Airborne
2,000
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12
20
13
20
13
20
12
20
11
20
10
0
20
09
20
08
0
Source: ISU/ECLAC, BTI
Modal Split in Exports
Exports (TON, thous.)
Exports (USD, thous.)
35,000
30,000,000
30,000
Truck
25,000
River
20,000
Rail
Other modes
15,000
20,000,000
Lake
Airborne
5,000
River
Other modes
Maritime
10,000,000
5,000,000
Lake
Airborne
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12
20
13
20
13
20
12
20
11
20
10
0
20
09
0
Truck
Rail
15,000,000
Maritime
10,000
20
08
25,000,000
Source: ISU/ECLAC, BTI
23/12/2015
Page 11
ECLAC Logistics Profile 2008-2014 - Ecuador
Road Safety Performance
Fatalities / 100,000 habitants
15.40
13.52
13.42
14.45
14.44
2012
2013
9.24
2008
2009
2010
2011
Source: INEC. CELADE
23/12/2015
Page 12
ECLAC Logistics Profile 2008-2014 - Ecuador
Logistics Costs and Performance
LPI: Score Card
4
4
3.5
3
3.4
3.2
3 2.8 2.7
2 2.4
2.5
2.5
2.6
2
3 2.9 2.8
3 2.6 2.6
2.5
3
2.6 2.7
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
overall LPI score Customs score
score
Infrastructure Logistics quality
International
score
and competence shipments score
score
2010
2012
Tracking and
tracing score
Timeliness
score
2014
Source: ISU/ECLAC, World Bank
DOING BUSINESS: Trading across borders
44
1,535
1,455 1,535
1,455
1,455
1,402
1,432 1,530
1,455
1,520
1,402 1,402
29
22
2008
29
29
20
20
20
25
20
2009
2010
2011
2012
Time to export (days)
25
20
25
20
2013
2014
1,2001,160
2008
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
Cost to export (US$ per container)
Cost to import (US$ per container)
Time to import (days)
Source: ISU/ECLAC, World Bank
2009
Source: ISU/ECLAC, World Bank
8
7
7
7
6
7
6
7
6
7
6
122
7
6
6
2014
135
123
2013
134
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Documents to export (number)
Documents to i mport (number)
23/12/2015
2014
Trading Across Borders Rank
Ease of Doing Business Rank
Page 13
ECLAC Logistics Profile 2008-2014 - Ecuador
8
7
7
7
6
7
6
7
6
7
6
122
7
6
6
2014
135
123
2013
134
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
Documents to export (number)
Documents to i mport (number)
Trading Across Borders Rank
Ease of Doing Business Rank
Source: ISU/ECLAC, World Bank
Source: ISU/ECLAC, World Bank
UNCTAD Liner Shipping Connectivity Index (maximum value in 2004 = 100)
22.48
23.05
2011
2012
21.74
18.73
17.09
13.16
2008
2009
2010
2013
Source: ISU/ECLAC, UNCTAD
23/12/2015
Page 14
ECLAC Logistics Profile 2008-2014 - Ecuador
Institutional and Regulatory Framework
National Regulatory and Normative Framework
Yes/No
Details
Cabotage restrictions
No
Existence of a national infrastructure investment
plan
Yes
The Government of Ecuador launched the Projects that are mainly based
on the Provinces of Ecuador (Plan Relámpago)
Existence of a national port policy
Yes
Sub secretary of Ports & Maritime Transport
Existence of a national Road Safety Plan or
targets
No
Existence of a national transport and logistics
plan or strategy
Yes
Ministry of Transport and Public Works (MTOP) is in charge of all
agencies involved in the national logistic plans
Source:
Institutional Setting
Details
Lead agency for the development, coordination and delivery
of road safety programmes
The National Commission of Ground Transit and Transportation
Main agencies involved in developing national transport and
infrastructure policies
Ministry of Transport and Public Works (MTOP), Sub secretaries of
Transport Infrastructure, Inland Transport and Railway, Air Transport,
Ports & Maritime Transport and Concessions of Transport
Mechanisms for ensuring a co-modal approach to transport
policy
Existence of a national body in charge of overall transport
and logistics policy
Ministry of Transport and Public Works (MTOP)
Other
Source: WHO Country Profile, 2014
Main Regional Integration Initiatives
Details
Source
The Andean Community (CAN)
www.comunidadandina.org
USI/ECLAC
The Latin American Integration Association (ALADI)
www.aladi.org
USI/ECLAC
IIRSA/COSIPLAN/UNASUR
www.iirsa.org
USI/ECLAC
Participation in the Global Transport Conventions
Title
Date
UNTS Volume Number
International Convention on Arrest of Ships, 1999
12/03/1999
2801
International Convention on Maritime Liens and Mortgages, 1993
06/05/1993
2276
Convention on a Code of Conduct for Liner Conferences
06/04/1974
1334
Convention on Road Traffic
08/11/1968
1042
Convention on Road Signs and Signals
08/11/1968
1091
Customs Convention on the Temporary Importation of Private
Road Vehicles
04/06/1954
282
Convention on Road Traffic
19/09/1949
125
Protocol on Road Signs and Signals
19/09/1949
182
Convention on the International Maritime Organization
06/03/1948
289, 1520
Convention on the International Régime of Railways
09/12/1923
47
23/12/2015
Source
UN Treaty Series, 2015
Page 15
ECLAC Logistics Profile 2008-2014 - Ecuador
Bilateral Transport Agreements
Title
Date
Details
Agreement with Colombia
11/12/2012
Transit and transport of People, Cargo, Vehicles,
Maritime and Inland vessels, and Airplanes
Agreement with Netherlands for Air Transport
16/04/2002
Amendment of the Annex to the Air Transport
Agreement between the Kingdom of the Netherlands
and the Republic of Ecuador concluded at Quito on 14
December 1954
Agreement with Colombia
12/06/1998
Maritime and river transfrontier transit and for the ports
of Buenaventura and Manta
Agreement with Mexico for Air Transport
01/12/1995
Agreement with Netherlands for Air Transport
10/03/1995
Amendment of the Annex to the Air Transport
Agreement between the Kingdom of the Netherlands
and the Republic of Ecuador concluded at Quito on 14
December 1954
Agreement with Colombia for Road Transport
12/05/1994
Agreement of frontier road transport of passengers
Agreement with Costa Rica for Air Transport
09/12/1993
Agreement with Colombia for Road Transport
23/08/1993
Regulation on transfrontier land transit
Agreement with Colombia
18/04/1990
Transit of persons, vehicles, river and sea-going vessels
and aircraft
Agreement with Argentina for Road Transport
01/01/1990
Agreement with Brazil
26/10/1989
Agreement with United States for Air Transport
10/09/1985
Agreement with Brazil for Maritime Transport
09/02/1982
Agreement with Switzerland for Air Transport
06/05/1974
Agreement with Venezuela for Road Transport
01/06/1958
Agreement with Brazil for Air Transport
07/12/1944
Agreement with Colombia for Air Transport
29/01/1933
Regulation on transfrontier air transit
Agreement with Costa Rica
19/04/1890
Treaty of Friendship, Commerce and Navigation
Agreement with Brazil for Maritime Transport
09/02/1882
Supplementary Agreement on shipbuilding and related
civil construction
Source: UN Treaty Series, 2015
23/12/2015
Page 16