Patrick G. Stefan Ph.D. Candidate, The University of Denver Cell: Christianity stands and falls on the person and work of Jesus Christ, the Son of God. God has revealed

Patrick G. Stefan Ph.D. Candidate, The University of Denver Cell: Christianity stands and falls on the person and work of Jesus Christ, the Son of God. God has revealed

NT508–IntroductiontotheGospels
3CreditHours
PatrickG.Stefan
Ph.D.Candidate,TheUniversityofDenver
Location:ReformedTheologicalSeminary/DCCampus
Time:June6–10,2016;8:00AM–5:00PM
Contact:[email protected];Cell:585-200-1777
Introduction:
ChristianitystandsandfallsonthepersonandworkofJesusChrist,theSonofGod.Godhasrevealed
thisgoodnews(euangelion)tousinfour-foldform,thecanonicalbooksknowntousasthegospels.So
nowthatwehavethem,howdoweinterpretthem?Thisisthequestionthatislaiduponourshoulders
duringthiscourse.Mygoalisthatyougoawayfromthiscoursewiththetoolsandabilitiestointerpret
thegospelsinordertopreachthemandinturnedifyGod’speople.Thegospelswerewrittentochange
thelivesoftheirreaders,thisisourtask.
ThiscoursewillgiveconsiderationtothefourcanonicalgospelsintheNewTestament.Itwillpayclose
attentiontoissuesofgenre,narrativedynamics,theologicaldevelopment,JewishandRoman
backgrounds,andhistorical-criticalmatters.Duringthiscourse,wewilldeveloparesponsiblereading
strategythatinteractswiththefourgospelsandwiththeculturesinwhichtheyfindthemselves.
LeaningObjectives:
• StrengthenyourfaithinJesus.Oneofmyprimaryobjectivesisthatyouleavewithapassionfor
thebiblicalJesusthatcaninformyourministry.
• Providetoolstoseethegospelsnotasdryhistorybutasengaginghistorical-literaturesothat
thisengagementwillfinditselfinthepulpitandtheheartsofGod’speople.
• Understandcriticalchallengestothegospelsandthepresuppositionsthatinformthose
challenges.
• Demonstrateengagementwiththegospelsinaconstructivewaythatdealsseriouslywiththe
textsbutalwayshasaneyeonthepresent.
• UnderstandthegospelsintheirJewishandRomancontexts.Thesetwosocio-historicalworlds
informthegospelwriters,therefore,wemustseethemcouchedwithinthosecontextsinorder
toexperiencetheworld-changingimpacttheyhadonthe1stCentury.
Approach:
• Thisclasswillfunctionasalecturewithsomehybridelementsofseminarformat.Eachdaywill
endwithonehourofdiscussiononthepre-coursereading.Forthisreason,itisabsolutelyvital
thatyoucompleteALLofthe‘pre-course’readingspriortothestartofclass.Thesuccessofthe
classdependsuponthis!...andsodoesyourgradeJ
• Ourfocuswillbeonreadingthegospelsastheoreticallyinformedreaders.Wewillconsiderthe
implicationsthegospelshadonthe1stcenturyaudienceandtheimplicationstheyhaveforus.
• TheKingdomofGod,aspresentedtousbyH.Ridderbos,willbethetheologicalparadigm
throughwhichthegospelswillbeunderstood.Wewilltaketimeunderstandingtheviewofthe
1
•
KingdomofGodpresentintheOldTestamentandthemindsofearlygospelreaders.Wewill
giveconsiderationtothisparadigmaswelookatourvariouscontexts.
Becausethisclassisonlyoneweekoffacetofacetime,wecannotlookindepthateachgospel.
InsteadIwillprovideshortlecturesonthefundamentaldifferencesbetweenthegospels,aswell
ashistoryofgospelreception;then,wewillusethegospelaccordingtoMarkasthe‘test-case’
forourinterpretivemodel.
GradeBreakdown&AssignmentDueDates:
• FinalExam(TakeHome,OpenNotes):30%-Due:July30th
• FinalPaper(7-8Pages)andDevotional(1Page):30%-Due:July15th
• IndividualOnlinePresentationsandResponses:30%-Due:Presentation–July1st;Response:
July7th
• InClassParticipation:10%
RequiredReading:
(Highlightedsectionsmustbereadbeforemeetinginclass)
Iexpectthatallstudentswillhavereadtherequiredpre-coursematerialbeforeseminardiscussion
begins.ThisisVERYimportanttoyourgrade
PurchaseTheseBooks:
• StudentsmustreadthroughtheGospelAccordingtoMarkandtheGospelAccordingtoJohnin
anytranslationtwotimes.Oncebeforeclassbegins,andoncefollowingthelectures.
• TheComingoftheKingdom,HermanN.Ridderbos.P&RPublishing,1962(Pages3-527)
• DictionaryofJesusandtheGospels,JoelB.Green,et.al,eds.IVPAcademic,2013(Readarticles
listedbelow)
o “Gospel,Genre”,R.A.Burridge
o “Gentiles”,K.R.Iverson
o “ApocalypticismandApocalypticTeaching”,B.J.Pitre
o “Christ”,M.F.Bird
o “LanguagesofPalestine”,M.Graves
o “Lord”,B.WitheringtonIIIandKYamakazi-Ransom
o “Parable”,G.P.Anderson
o “Resurrection”,K.L.Anderson
o “SonofGod”,A.Winn
o “John,Gospelof”,C.S.Keener
• Thefollowingarticles,fromthe1993editionoftheDictionaryarerequiredreadingsandwillbe
availableasscansontheCanvassite.
o “PreachingfromtheGospels”,S.Greidanus
o “Gospels,HistoricalReliability”,C.Blomberg
• ReadingtheGospelsWisely:ANarrativeandTheologicalIntroduction,JonathanT.Pennington.
BakerAcademic,2012(chs.3,5,8-10)
2
TheFollowingRequiredReadingsdonotneedtobepurchased;Iwillprovidescannedcopiesthrough
Canvas:
• TropicsofDiscourse:EssaysinCulturalCriticism,HaydenWhite.TheJohnsHopkinsUniversity
Press,1986(Pages81-120)*
• TheJewishAnnotatedNewTestament,Amy-JillLevine,MarcZ.Brettler,eds.OxfordUniversity
Press,2011(Readarticlesbelow)
o “JewishHistory,331BCE-135CE”byMartinGoodman,pgs.507-513
o “JudaismandJewishness”byShayeJ.D.Cohen,pgs.513-515
o “JewishMovementsoftheNewTestamentPeriod”byDanielR.Schwartz,pgs.526-530
• MarkasStory:RetrospectandProspect,KellyR.IversonandChristopherW.Skinner,eds.
SocietyofBiblicalLiterature,2011(Pages19-43)
• MarkandMethod:NewApproachesinBiblicalStudies,2nded.JaniceCapelAndersonand
StephenD.Moore,eds.Fortress,2008(Minneapolis,MN:FortressPress,2009)(Pages29-83)
• “IntertextsintheGospelofMatthew”,UlrichLuz.HarvardTheologicalReview97:2(2004),11937
• RendertoCaesar:Jesus,theEarlyChurch,andtheRomanSuperpower,ChristopherBryan.
OxfordUniversityPress,2005(Pages11-76)
• JesusandEmpire:TheKingdomofGodandtheNewWorldDisorder,RichardA.Horsley.Fortress
Press,2002(Pages1-45)
RecommendedResources,butnotrequired:
• InterpretingtheParables,CraigBlomberg.IVPAcademic,2012
• TheHistoricalReliabilityoftheGospels,CraigBlomberg.IVPAcademic,2007
• Scribes,Visionaries,andthePoliticsofSecondTempleJudea,RichardA.Horsley.Westminster
JohnKnoxPress,2007
• Jesus:LordandSavior,F.F.Bruce.IVPBooks,1986
• JesusistheChrist,MichaelF.Bird,IVPBooks,2012
CourseOutline(SubjecttochangebeforeJune):
Monday,June6th,2016
8:30– 10:00 IntroductoryMatters/Dating/Authorship
10:00–10:20 Break
10:20–12:00 FramingaReformedApproach/CriticalQuestions
12:00–1:00 Lunch
1:00– 2:40 QuestionsofGenreandDependency
2:40– 3:00 Break
3:00– 4:20 1stCenturyHistoriography/WhyPresuppositionsMatter
4:20– 4:30 Break
4:30– 5:30 SeminardiscussiononHistoriographyandtheGospels
[RequiredReadings:TropicsofDiscourseselections;“Gospels(Historical
Reliability)”Dictionaryentry]
3
Tuesday,June7th,2016
8:30– 10:00 TheQuestfortheBiblicalJesus
10:00–10:20 Break
10:20–12:00 TheKingdomofGodasFoundation:TheComingoftheKingdom
12:00–1:00 Lunch
1:00– 2:40 TheKingdomofGodasFoundationpt.2:ThePresentKingdom
2:40– 3:00 Break
3:00– 4:20 TheKingdomofGodasFoundationpt.3:TheFutureKingdom
4:20– 4:30 Break
4:30– 5:30 SeminardiscussionontheGospelsinthesettingofEmpire
[RequiredReadings:JesusandEmpireselections;“ApocalypticTeaching”
Dictionaryentry]
Wednesday,June8th,2016
8:30– 10:00 GospelasNarrative:MarkasParadigm
10:00–10:20 Break
10:20–12:00 TheKingdom/EmpireofGodandtheEmpireofRome SeeingtheGospelsasRomanHistory
12:00–1:00 Lunch
1:00– 2:40 TheKingdomofGodandtheOldTestament. SeeingtheGospelsasJewishHistory
2:40– 3:00 Break
3:00– 4:00 UnderstandingtheuseoftheOldTestamentintheGospels
4:00– 4:10 Break
4:10– 4:30 Lab–InterpretingtheGospels–Mark6:17-29
4:30– 5:30 SeminardiscussiononIntertextuality
[RequiredReadings:IntertextsintheGospelofMatthew]
Thursday,June9th,2016
8:30– 10:00 ElementsintheGospels(Parables)
10:00–10:20 Break
10:20–12:00 Lab–ReadingParables
12:00–1:00 Lunch
1:00– 2:40 ElementsintheGospels(Conflicts)
2:40– 3:00 Break
3:00– 4:00 Lab–ReadingIntertexts
4:00– 4:10 Break
4:10– 4:30 Lab–InterpretingtheGospelsWisely–Mark9:1-13
4:30– 5:30 Seminardiscussionongospelnarratives.
[RequiredReadings:MarkasStoryselection]
4
Friday,June10th,2016
8:30– 9:30 ThedistinguishingcharacterofMatthew
9:30– 9:40 Break
9:40– 10:20 Lab–InterpretingtheGospelsWisely–Mark16:1-8,or20?
10:20–12:00 ThedistinguishingcharacterofMark
12:00–1:00 Lunch
1:00– 2:40 ThedistinguishingcharacterofLuke
2:40– 3:00 Break
3:00– 5:30 ThedistinguishingcharacterofJohn/ClosingComments
AssignmentRequirements:
FinalExam:Thefinalexamwillbeanopennotes/openbookexam.TheexamwillbeavailableonCanvas
andwillhaveathree-hourtimelimit.Itwillconsistoftwosections–sectiononewillhave10
terms/conceptsfromwhichyoumustpick7andprovideashortanswer/definitionfor.Sectiontwowill
have5essayquestionsfromwhichyouwillpick2.Youranswerforeachessayquestionshouldbeno
lessthanoneparagraph,butnogreaterthanonepage.
FinalPaper:Thefinalpaperwillbea7-8pagepaperanalyzingachosenpericopeinoneofthefour
gospels.Thegoalofthepaperistoshowhowyourpericopefitsintothenarrativecontextofthegospel,
andhowthatpericopecontributestotheGospel’snarrativepurpose.Inadditiontothisacademicpaper,
youmustsubmita1-2pagedevotionalonyourchosenpericope.Thisdevotionalshouldbewrittenona
popularlevel(e.g.ablogpost)andshouldshowhowyouracademicpaperrelatestoGod’speople.
IndividualPresentations:Inmyexperience,presentingonatopicisthebestwaytolearnthe‘insand
outs’ofthatparticulartopic.Becausewearelimitedinourtimetogether,wearegoingtodoelectronicpresentationsandresponses.Youwillberequiredtopickonetopicbelowandpreparea15minute
presentationonthattopic,accompaniedbyahandout.Yourpresentationshouldincludeananalysisof
thetopic/problem,afairsummaryofscholarshipthathasbeendoneonthattopic,andyourresolution
ofthetopic/problemwithadefenseofthatresolution.
AsPresenter:YourpresentationmustbedoneonPrezi.Createyourslideswithrelevantinformation,
thenrecordlecturematerialusingthedevice’ssoundrecordfunction.YouwillprovidealinktothePrezi
onthecourseCanvaspage.Thepresentationshouldbenolessthan7minutesandnomorethan12
minutes.Iwillprovideinstructionsforthisinclass.
AsObserver:View1presentationandprovideaone-paragraphwrite-upthatexplainswhatyoulearned
fromthepresentationandhowithelpedyouunderstandthegospelsmoreclearly.Thisparagraph
shouldbepostedunderneaththepresentationintheCanvasdiscussion(moreonthisinclass).
5
IndividualPresentationOptions:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
TheSecrecyofJesusinthegospelofMark
ThefulfillmentofRedemptiveHistoryaccordingtoMatthew
ExplaintheHerodiandynastyinlightoftheGospeltexts.
Whoarethewomenatthecross?
WhatistheGospelofThomasandhowdoesitrelatetoGospelstudies?
WhatistheImperialCultandhowdoesitrelatetoGospelstudies?
Isthe‘VirginBirth’basedonamistranslation?
HowdoesJohndifferfromtheSynoptics?
WasJesusreallyacarpenter?
WhatdothegospelsmeanwhentheysaythatJudas‘betrayed’Jesus?
WasJesus’earthlyministryreallythreeyears?
WhatisoraltraditionandhowdoesitworkintheGospels?
HowdoesLukecharacterizewomen?
WhatistheGospelofPeterandhowdoesitrelatetoGospelstudies?
WhoistheSonofMan?
DidJesusexist?
WhenwasJesusborn?
Jesus’genealogyinMatthew
WhatdothegospelsmeanwhentheysaythatJudas‘betrayed’Jesus?
WasJesus’earthlyministryreallythreeyears?
WasJesusreallyacarpenter?
DotheinfancynarrativesmatchupwithChristmastraditions?
Otherstobeaddedlaterifneeded
InClassParticipation:Iexpectthatallstudentswillhavereadtherequiredpre-coursematerialbefore
thecommensurateseminardiscussion.ThisisVERYimportanttoyourgrade.Unfortunately,duetothe
structureofthecoursewecannotdiscusseachindividualreadingtheweekafteritisassigned;however,
Istillneedyoutobeconversantwiththematerialsothatourdiscussionscanbefruitful.Therefore,I
recommendyoukeepareadinglogtojotdownnotes,thoughts,orimportantquotesthatyoumaywant
tobringupinclass.Thiswillalsoprovideyouwithareferencetolookbackonaswellasameansof
interactingwiththetextinamorethoroughmanner.Thereisa‘courseparticipationguide’availableon
Canvasforyoutoseethegradingstandardforparticipationlevel.
FinalPaperGuide
• Papermustbe7-8pagesexcludingtitlepage,bibliography,etc.The7-8pagesmustbeoriginal
research.
• ThepapermustbeuploadedtoCanvasbythedeadlinelistedonpage2ofthesyllabus.Submit
thepaperaseitheraPDForMicrosoftWordfile(preferablyaWordfile).
• Greek,Hebrew,andAramaicwordsmustbetypedout,nottransliterated.
• Papershouldincludeanintroductionwithaclearly-statedthesisstatement.
• Papershouldbeclearlyarguedandarticulated.
6
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Papershoulddealfairlywithsecondaryliterature.Inotherwords,youshouldthoroughlyengage
bothliberalandconservativescholarship.IstronglysuggestyouengagetheHermeneia
commentaryofthegospelyouareworkingwith.
Papershouldhaveatleastseventotalreferences.Referencesofthefollowingkindare
acceptable:
o Academicmonographs
o Articlesinscholarlyjournals
o Academiccommentaries
o Reformedliterature(academic)
o Literaturefromanycenturyisfine(i.e.earlyChristian,reformation,medieval,
enlightenment,ormodernliterature);however,atleast5sourcesmustbenewerthan
1950.
o DONOTusepopularlevelliterature
Papershouldemployfootnotesthataresinglespacedand10-pointfont.
Eachpage(aftertitlepage)shouldbenumberedaccordingtoSBLstyleguide.
Papermustemploy12pointfont,1inchmarginsoneachside,and½inchindentation.DONOT
includeaspaceaftereachparagraph;beawarethatMSWorddoesthisautomatically.
AlldocumentationmustbedoneaccordingtothestandardsintheSBLHandbookofStyle,both
thefootnotesandthebibliography.
Proofreadyourpaper.Ensurealltypographical,spelling,andgrammaticalerrorshavebeen
corrected.
DevotionalGuide
• Yourdevotionalshouldbe1-2pages,doublespaced.
• Thestyleofwritingshouldbesimilartoablog-postorapopularlevelbook.
• Proofreadyourpaper.Ensurealltypographical,spelling,andgrammaticalerrorshavebeen
corrected.
• Providefootnoteswhennecessary.
FinalTestGuide
• Thefinaltestwillconsistoftwosections.
o Sectiononewillbealistof(10)termsfromwhichyouwillpick(7)andprovidea
definition.Yourdefinitionshoulddemonstratethatyouhavereadandcriticallyengaged
withalloftherequiredcoursereadings.
o Sectiontwowillbealistof(5)essayquestionsfromwhichyouwillpick(2)andprovide
ananswer.Youranswershoulddemonstratethatyouhavereadandcriticallyengaged
withalloftherequiredcoursereadings.
• Becausethisisanopen-book/open-notestest,Iexpectyoutointeractwiththevariousviews
thatwerepresentedbybothmeandyourreadings.Quotationsarenotexpected,butwillbe
lookeduponfavorably.Theauthorsyouinteractwithshouldbefairlytreated.
• Grammarandlogicwillbeimportantinthisexam.
7
•
ThereisafinalexamstudyguideavailableonCanvas.Allquestionsonthefinalexamcanbe
foundonthestudyguide.
InClassParticipationGuide
• ForinclassparticipationIexpectyoutobeengagedinthelecturesanddiscussions.
• Duringthelectures,Iwillmarkyoudownifyouarecheckinge-mail,facebook,oranyother
websiteduringtheclass.
• Computers/electronicdevicesareallowed,butIexpectyourwi-ficonnectiontobeturnedoff.
• Duringtheseminardiscussion,Iexpecteveryonetocontributetotheconversation.Youmust
makeatleastoneproductivecomment.
• Iexpectallstudentstohavereadthepre-coursematerialandinteractwiththatmaterialduring
theseminardiscussion.
LatePolicy
• ThedeadlinesarelistedintheGradeBreakdownonpagetwoofthesyllabus.
• Iexpectallassignmentstobeturnedinnolaterthan11:59PMESTonthedaytheassignmentis
due.
• Assignmentsturnedinafterthedeadline,foranyreason,willbemarkeddown10%perday.
Therewillbenoexceptiontothispolicy.Pleasegiveyourselfalargeenoughwindowsothatyou
submittheassignmentontime.Isuggestsettingyourdeadlineoneweekearlier.
8
Course:
Professor:
Campus:
Date: CourseObjectivesRelatedtoMDiv*StudentLearningOutcomes
Gospels
PatrickStefan
WashingtonDC
June6-10,2016
MDiv*StudentLearningOutcomes
Rubric
InordertomeasurethesuccessoftheMDivcurriculum,RTShasdefined
thefollowingastheintendedoutcomesofthestudentlearningprocess.
Eachcoursecontributestotheseoveralloutcomes.Thisrubricshowsthe
contributionofthiscoursetotheMDivoutcomes.
Ø
Ø
Ø
Ø
Mini-Justification
Strong
Moderate
Minimal
None
*AstheMDivisthecoredegreeatRTS,theMDivrubricwillbeusedinthissyllabus.
Articulation
(oral&
written)
Broadlyunderstandsandarticulatesknowledge,both
oralandwritten,ofessentialbiblical,theological,
historical,andcultural/globalinformation,including
details,concepts,andframeworks.
Strong
Scripture
Significantknowledgeoftheoriginalmeaningof
Scripture.Also,theconceptsforandskilltoresearch
furtherintotheoriginalmeaningofScriptureandto
applyScripturetoavarietyofmoderncircumstances.
(Includesappropriateuseoforiginallanguagesand
hermeneutics;andintegratestheological,historical,
andcultural/globalperspectives.)
Strong
Reformed
Theology
SignificantknowledgeofReformedtheologyand
practice,withemphasisontheWestminster
Standards.
Strong
Sanctification
Desirefor
Worldview
Winsomely
Reformed
DemonstratesalovefortheTriuneGodthataidsthe
student’ssanctification.
Moderate
BurningdesiretoconformalloflifetotheWordof
God.
Strong
EmbracesawinsomelyReformedethos.(Includesan
appropriateecumenicalspiritwithotherChristians,
especiallyEvangelicals;aconcerntopresentthe
GospelinaGod-honoringmannertonon-Christians;
andatruth-in-loveattitudeindisagreements.)
Moderate
Preach
AbilitytopreachandteachthemeaningofScripture
tobothheartandmindwithclarityandenthusiasm.
Strong
Worship
Shepherd
KnowledgeableofhistoricandmodernChristianworshipforms;andabilitytoconstructandskillto
leadaworshipservice.
Minimal
Abilitytoshepherdthelocalcongregation:aidingin
spiritualmaturity;promotinguseofgiftsandcallings;
andencouragingaconcernfornon-Christians,both
inAmericaandworldwide.
Minimal
9
-Studentswillengagewithdifferent
positionstowardtheologicalissues
intheGospelsandbegradedby
articulatingdifferencesin
conversationandwrittenexam.
-Indepthreading,lectures,andlabs
onidentifyingkeyexegeticalissues
presentinScriptureandworking
throughthehistoryof
interpretationtoknowtheoriginal
meaning.
-Wewillgiveseriousconsideration
tothepresentandhistorical
challengespresentedtoareformed
understandingoftheKingdomof
God.
-Lecturesemphasizethegloryof
theresurrectedChristandhisrole
inlifeandtheology
-Readingsanddiscussionsfocuson
thewayScripturechallengesour
lifeandpractice.
-Readingscontainscholarsfrom
severaltraditions.Lectures
emphasizetheneedtoproperly
representpositionsandlearnfrom
others.
-Lecturesandlabworkfocuseson
applicationoftheWordtoGod’s
people.UseofNarrativeCriticism
willshowtheimportanceof
preachingtheGospelswithpassion.
-Wewilltalkbrieflyaboutliturgy
practiceinEarlyJudaismandEarly
Christianity.
-TheBibleisoursubjectofstudy,
whichnaturallylendsitselfto
Shepherding,thoughitisnotthe
Church/World Abilitytointeractwithinadenominationalcontext,
withinthebroaderworldwidechurch,andwith
significantpublicissues.
10
Minimal
emphasis.
-Inassignedtexts,studentswillbe
challengedtoconsiderthe
applicationoftheGospelstothe
Church’sroleinpublicissues.
Addendum(A)
CourseReadingChecklist:
Pre-CourseRequiredReadings:(Readtheseselectionsbeforewemeettogether)
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
HaydenWhite,TropicsofDiscourse:EssaysofCulturalCriticism,pages81-120(Scan)
CraigBlomberg,“Gospels(HistoricalReliability)”articlein1993DJG(Scan)
B.J.Pitre,“ApocalypticismandApocalypticTeaching”articlein2013DJG
G.N.Stanton,“Q”articlein2013DJG
RichardHorsley,JesusandEmpire,pages1-54(Scan)
UlrichLuz,“IntertextsintheGospelofMatthew”(Scan)
IversonandSkinner,MarkasStory,pages19-43(Scan)
GospelofJohn
GospelofMark
OtherRequiredReadings:(Readtheseselectionsbeforeyoutakethefinalexam)
c DictionaryofJesusandtheGospelsArticles:
c “Gospel:Genre”byR.A.Burridge
c “Gentiles”byK.R.Iverson
c “Christ”byM.F.Bird
c “LanguagesofPalestine”byM.Graves
c “Lord”byB.WitheringtonIIIandK.Yamazaki-Ransom
c “Parable”byG.P.Anderson
c “PreachingfromtheGospels”byS.Greidanus
c “Resurrection”byK.L.Anderson
c “SonofGod”byA.Winn
c JonathanPennington,ReadingtheGospelsWisely,chs.3,5,8,9,10(Focusonchs.8,9,10)
c JewishAnnotatedNTArticles:
c “JewishHistory,331BCE–135BCE”byMartinGoodman(Scan)
c “JudaismandJewishness”byShayeCohen(Scan)
c “TheSynagogue”byLeeLevine(Scan)
c “JewishMovementsoftheNewTestamentPeriod”byDanielSchwartz(Scan)
c “TheSeptuagint”byLeonardGreenspoon(Scan)
c AndersonandMoore,MarkandMethod,pages29-83(Scan)
c ChristopherBryan,RendertoCaesar,pages11-76(Scan)
c HermanRidderbos,TheComingoftheKingdom,pages3-527
c GospelofMark
c GospelofJohn
11