ECONOMICS Fall 1987 University of Colorado Department Newsletter
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ECONOMICS Fall 1987 University of Colorado Department Newsletter
ECONOMICS Department Newsletter University of Colorado A REPORT FROM THE CHAIR Dear Alumni: Fall 1987 The University of Colorado, like all universities that rely on public tax support, has been unable to fund fully the kinds of improvements we would like to make. Hence, we are grateful for the support our alumni can provide. Gifts do not have to be large to help us improve our teaching and research efforts. There are several scholarship funds established to honor past or distinguished emeritus faculty. For example, the George Zinke Fellowship supports a graduate student interested in economic history. The Reuben Zubrow Fellowship, which with additional support can be launched next fall, will support a student interested in teaching college level economics. A fellowship to honor Ragaei El Mallakh is now being established. Small undesignatedgifts can also be used to improve our program by bringing distinguished visitors fa campus to work with our students, to help faculty and students carry on research projects, and to recruit higher quality graduate students. We hope you find this newsletter informative and interesting. We would like to hear from you. Indeed, we find the feedback from our alumni to be extremely useful information in our efforts to improve the department. Economics is one of the largest departments on the CU-Boulder Campus, with approximately 800 graduate and undergraduate students. Because the Economics Department is now faced with exciting changes and new challenges, we have decided to create a newsletter that will keep our alumni informed about the status of the department. In our continuing effort to improve the quality of our educational program, the Economics Department has strengthened requirements and expanded its offerings. For example, we now require that students take a year of principles of economics and math before applying for admission to the undergraduate program. Acceptable performance in these areas is a prerequisite for admission to the major. We are placing Best Wishes for the New Year, more emphasis on writing research papers and developing quantitative skills. We have added a new joint undergraduate program with the Business School which allows economics majors to earn a degree with a J business emphasis. We have also raised the standards of admission to our graduate program with the result that the number of graduate stu- Larry Singell Chair dents has declined from 151 to 108. Although the department is engaged in a wide variety of research projects, we have tried to focus our resources on several areas in which we are achieving an outstanding reputation. In addition to the core pro- NEW FACULTY JOIN THE ECONOMICS DEPARTMENT gram of micro and macro theory and econometrics, the major areas of The recruiting effort for 1986/87 in the Department of Economics was focus are natural resources and environmental economics and interna- very successful, and we're happy to introduce our three new Assistant tional economics. Professors. During the past year the department recruited three outstanding young faculty members, George Anayiotos, Jamie Kruse, and Michael George C Anayiotos, who joined us in August, 1987, received his Ph.D. McKee, whose qualifications are consistent with our efforts to improve in economics from New York University. He will teach courses in international finance during the academic year_1987/88 while pursuing the quality of our research and educational programs. We were saddened by the untimely death last spring of our colleague, his research interests in international economics, microeconomics; Ragaei El Mallakh. Irving Morrissett has retired, and Jack Powelson econometrics, and game theory. He has written several working papers, one of which is his dissertation, Risk Sharing in International Lendhas chosen a part-time leave in anticipation of his retirement. ing: A Principal-Agent Approach. ECONOMICS ADVISORY BOARD As a part of the Department of Economics long range planning process, an Economics Advisory Board was established in December, 1986. The Board is composed of CU alumni who take an interest in the Department and who assist us in setting goals and in implementing the planning process. The following individuals are members of our Economics Advisory Board: Tucker Hart Adams, Vice President, Economics and Planning, United Banks of Colorado, Inc.; Carolyn R. Borus, Vice President, Allyn International, Inc; James C. Campbell, Jr., President, Lifecare; Edythe S. Miller, formerly Commissioner and Chairwoman of the Colorado Public Utilities Commission; Richard Meckley, formerly Chairman and President of Intrawest Bank of Boulder; Harry M. Sterling, Attorney at Law, Sterling and Miller, P.C.; Venita Van Caspel, CFP, Van Caspel & Co., Inc.; and Chester N. Winter, Senior Vice President, Sinco International Investment. Jamie L. Kruse joined the Department of Economics in August. She is completing her Ph.D. at the University of Arizona. She is currently' teaching courses in intermediate micro theory. Professor Kruse has written several research papers in applied economic theory, industrial organization theory, and experimental economics. Her dissertation is entitled Market Accessibility and the Entry Decision: A Theoretical and Experimental Investigation. Michael J. McKee joined us this summer from the University oFWindsor. He received his Ph.D. in economics from Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada in 1985. His appointment is one-half time in the Department of Economics and one-half time in IBS. He has authored a number of refereed articles, monographs, chapters in books, books, and research papers on public finance/public choice, law and economics, microeconomic theory/policy, industrial organization, experimental economics and public sector bureau behavior. Professor McKee is currently teaching environmental economics. ECONOMETRICS FIELD ECON GRADUATE STUDENT Professor Donald M Waldman, recently promoted to the rank of As- RECEIVES UNIVERSITY sociate Professor with tenure, is active in research and teaching in the field of econometrics. TEACHING AWARD During the 1986-87 academic year, Waldman was on leave at the Rand Corporation, a nonprofit "think tank" in Santa Monica, California. In addition to serving as an in-house consultant on econometric matters, he did research on military manpower economics. Specifically, he investigated decisions of individual civilians to enlist and decisions of individual soldiers to reenlist or separate. His research concentrated on the economic modeling of those decisions and the econometric methodology necessary to estimate the parameters of those models. This study involved extensions of random utility models of discrete choice to allow for time-series/cross-section data as well as data with a group structure. Waldman's work represents one of the first attempts to analyze military manpower at the micro level. He presented several seminars on the subject at Rand. In August, Waldman travelled to Princeton University to lecture on discrete choice models at a symposium sponsored by the Joint Council on Economic Education. Thomas A. Carr, Graduate Student THE UNDERGRADUATE ECONOMICS PROGRAM Whether one uses quantitative or qualitative criteria, the undergraduate economics program can be considered a great success. The department teaches about 3500 students every semester and sponsors approximately 700 majors! (Only the Psychology Department has more graduating seniors each year.) The above statistic does not include all of the double majors, distributed majors, and double degree students who have economics as one of their Dr. Jane H. Lillydahl, Associate Chair areas of specialization. The Economics Department has one of the largest honors programs on campus. This year 13 senior economics majors arc attending a weekly seminar and researching their senior theses. All of the honors students in last year's class received some level of honors, and one of the honors students in the department was nominated by the University for a Rhodes Scholarship. The department also sponsors an active, student-run Economics Honors Society (Omicron Delta Epsilon - ODE). Recently the students in ODE invited Distinguished Professor Kenneth Boulding to speak to their group and organized a reception following his talk. Some flexibility exists in the undergraduate major program to accommodate the students' diverse interests. Students with an interest in business can apply to the Economics Major with Business Emphasis Program and take 15 hours of business to complement their 30 hours of economics courses. Students interested in research can write a proposal and apply for university funding of up to $600 to do joint research with a faculty member. A number of economics majors have taken advantage of this university-wide Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program (UROP), which was started in 1986-87. Students with international interests can apply to numerous study abroad programs or the Semester at Sea program through the Study Abroad Office on campus. Undergraduate economics majors at CU pursue a wide range of careers after they receive their degree. Some of them go on to graduate programs in economics at such schools as Duke University, M.I.T., Oxford, and New York University; to law schools such as Columbia, Harvard, and Vanderbilt; and to MBA programs at such schools as Wharton, Berkeley, and UCLA. Economics graduates who opt to enter the labor market immediately after graduation often return for advanced degrees after a few years in the labor force. Regardless of the career paths that our students choose, the department hopes that they leave CU thinking like economists and with a good understanding of the way our economy functions. The highest honor for a graduate student instructor at CU is to receive the Graduate Student Teaching Excellence Award. Each year approximately ten graduate students are selected from among all academic disciplines to receive this award. The selection process is competitive. Members of a specially formed faculty committee visit each nominee's class, review his or her student evaluations, and make the final selection. This year Tom Carr, a graduate student in economics, is one of the recipients. After receiving his B.A. from the University of California at Santa Barbara, Tom came to the University of Colorado with an interest in resource and environmental economics. He has recently completed all of his coursework and passed his comprehensive examinations, and is writing his Ph.D. dissertation, under the supervision of Professor Charles Howe, on the optimal use of nonrenewablc resources. Tom began his teaching career as a T.A. for the master teacher, Professor Reuben Zubrow. Since then he has taught several courses including intermediate microeconomics and intermediate macroeconomics. He consistently receives top ratings from the undergraduate students and his classes quickly fill up the first day of class! He is a dedicated teacher who is available to students many hours beyond the required office hour periods. In his limited "free time;' Tom keeps in shape by training for triathalons. The Economics Department is pleased that one of our outstanding graduate students received the University's Graduate Student Teaching Excellence Award. We hope this department tradition will continue. EXPERIMENTAL ECONOMICS Experimental economics is a new and growing area of research. In it economists test theories using voluntary subjects in a controlled laboratory setting. The Economics Department offers its students course work in experimental economics as well as opportunities to design and run laboratory testing of economic theory. A number of faculty members (including Professors McKee, Kruse and Schulze) are pursuing topics in experimental economics, such as the efficiency of alternative market institutions, industrial organization, public choice, labor economics, and individual choice under uncertainty. Funding for these experiments, which involve students both as voluntary subjects and as research assistants, has been obtained from such diverse sources as the Environmental Protection Agency and the Forest Service. Much of the ongoing research in experimental economics involves interaction with the Department of Psychology, which shares an interest in behavioral economics. This collaboration has resulted in establishment of a joint economics-psychology experimental laboratory which is the state-of-the-art facility. The laboratory has its own MicroVax computer, stations for 15 subjects, and extensive available software for economics experiments as well as data storage and analysis. A VIEWPOINT OF ONE OF OUR FACULTY PENDING US. TRADE LEGISLATION IS DANGEROUSLY PROTECTIONIST by Keith E. Maskus, Assistant Professor of Economics Note: Keith E. Maskus recently returned from a one-year appointment as Senior Visiting International Economist at the U.S. Department of State. Maskus worked with the Planning and Economic Analysis Staff (PAS) of the Economics and Business Bureau. The principal role of that staff is to provide analysis of current economic events and to advise senior officials of the State Department, including the Secretary of State, the Undersecretaries of State, and the Assistant Secretary of State of Economics and Business. PAS is modelled after the President's Council of Economic Advisers and includes several visiting academic economists with different areas of expertise. Maskus was the senior analyst for international trade policies. Among the issues for which he provided research, analysis, and policy consultations were international trade policies in agriculture, policies to upgrade U.S. manufacturing competitiveness, proposals to support the U.S. semiconductor indusDr. Keith Maskus, try, and, perhaps most importantly, Congressional efforts to pass legAssistant Professor islation that would fundamentally alter U.S. trade law. He has written a research paper on the last issue that will appear in The World Economy in December, 1987. The current remarks summarize some of the political factors do enter the process. Under this system, recent presidents have been fairly selective in providing trade relief; President Reaviewpoints expressed in that paper. gan has in fact imposed considerably more frequent protection than did Members of the Senate and the House of Representatives are now his predecessors. Many in Congress view the process as biased against domestic meeting in conference to develop a compromise trade bill. Both the Senate and House versions of trade legislation, passed earlier this year, were producers feeling pressures for imports. They would slant the system blatantly protectionist and would engineer highly damaging changes markedly in favor of routinely providing relief from industry petitionin U.S. trade policy. As a result, any compromise bill that emerges from ers. For example, the House trade bill would remove the Cabinet and conference is likely to be equally dangerous. There are two basic thrusts the President from the relief decision, transferring the decision to the to congressional proposals. First, Congress would severely curtail pres- United States Trade Representative alone, and would severely curtail the idential flexibility in imposing barriers to trade in retaliation for ob- conditions under which relief could be denied. This policy would efjectionable foreign practices in favor of mandating automatic barriers fectively remove considerations of the general interest from the deciin a wide range of circumstances. Second, Congress would provide im- sion making process and would make tariffs and quotas more port protection for U.S. industries almost on demand. The inevitable wide-spread. Moreover, the congressional bills would allow, under some results would include heightened conflicts with our trading partners, circumstances, the apparent existence of unfairly-traded imports to be diminished economic growth, higher inflation, and greater prospects considered evidence of damages from fair imports a politically charged of prolonged recession. Such legislation simply is about large trade and potentially major expansion of the law. In addition, the bills would, deficits (which, paradoxically, cannot be eliminated by protectionist ac- among other things, make bilateral market-sharing agreements among tions except at enormous cost to the United States and world econo- countries more prevalent and commit the United States to major expenditures (financed by means that are inconsistent with our obligamies) and apparently unfair foreign trade practices. Unlike tax laws, trade regulations command little attention in the tions under international rules) for income maintenance and retraining American public Trade laws and the policies they generate, however, for trade-displaced workers. Even more troublesome are proposals to revise the laws covering our have significant impacts on economic well-being. For example, quantitative restraints on imports of Japanese cars earlier in the 1980's cost reactions to unfair trade practices overseas. The current policy is to apU.S. consumers billions of extra dollars in higher costs for Japanese, proach such practices on a case-by-case basis and to negotiate their American, and European autos. Restrictions on steel imports have raised removal or modification. In some cases the President becomes directbusiness costs to thousands of American firms, harming their interna- ly involved in choosing to extend the negotiations or to retaliate. The tional competitiveness. Controlled imports of textiles, apparel, sugar, flexibility of this process is the primary reason for its success because machine tools, and numerous other products transfer huge sums from it has been possible to target specific important foreign trade barriers buyers to domestic producers and waste considerable resources, with while avoiding costly retaliatory and counterretaliatory trade skirmishes. The congressional bills, however, would make retaliation the first tool few benefits provided the economy. But those policies are the most visible trade restrictions; far less visible are the hundreds of tariffs and other of U.S. trade policy. Each year the United States would be required, by trade barriers that are raised through the quiet application of the un- law, to pursue the elimination of a broad sweep of foreign trade pracderlying legal framework that regulates international trade. As these bar- tices, whether or not they are internationally illegal. Many of these pracriers mount, their restrictive impacts reverberate throughout the tices inevitably would be sacrosanct programs, such as Japanese rice economy, making it more rigid and less competitive. It is this underly- import quotas, that could not be dismantled and on which the United ing framework that Congress proposes to make markedly more protec- States could not be paid compensation for political reasons. The United States would then be committed to retaliating in kind with trade bartionist. Thus, for example, under U.S. fair-trade laws, a domestic industry riers covering as much as $12 billion in imports each year, in itself an can petition for protection to provide temporary relief from rapidly ris- enormously costly prospect for our economy. Further, we could confiing imports. Such protection is provided only after a thorough review dently expect to be hit with foreign counterretaliation as compensation of its merits by the Cabinet and the President. Their analysis considers for our own "unfair" trade barriers on sugar, steel, machine tools, and such factors as whether trade relief will help the industry become more other important commodities. Such rounds of escalating trade restriccompetitive (a highly unlikely prospect), what costs it would impose on tions would hardly be welcome in today's era of slow world growth and the economy, the likelihood of foreign retaliation if we do not compen- fragile financial markets. Of course, some argue that automatic and widespread retaliation is sate foreign countries for their trade losses, and expected impacts on foreign policy and national security. In short, the general interest is held the only way to bring recalcitrant foreign countries to the bargaining to be more important than the interest of a specific industry, though table. That idea is one intellectual basis of the grossly protectionist amendment offered by representative Gephardt of Missouri. That argument, however, naively discounts foreign politics and the strength of foreign commitments to certain programs. In certain cases automatic threats will indeed open foreign markets. In far more cases, however, they will only close ours, thereby "levelling the playing field" at a much costlier level. This game is too risky to serve as the basis for the trade policy of the largest trading country in the world. Similar criticisms can be levelled at congressional proposals to change our laws disciplining the dumping, or underpricing, of foreign products in the U.S. market. Current laws are already heavily biased in favor of finding that foreign firms are dumping the United States under a wide range of circumstances, many of which should not be considered "dumping:' When dumping behavior is found, an offsetting tariff is automatically imposed. Nonetheless, Congress has proposed several blatantly protectionist amendments to these laws that would make such protection virtually automatic. Among these would be the right to find that a domestic firm had been injured by imports that had "undersold" its own product, meaning that the import price was anything below domestic price. This is a curious standard, indeed, in that the essential function of imports is to provide consumers with greater variety at lower prices. In conjunction with the easy standards for showing foreign firms have been dumping, that standard would raise markedly the frequency of punitive tariffs. It is worth noting that American exporting firms are particularly vulnerable to similar legislation overseas — considered highly likely if the United States passes this law — in that our exports are rising rapidly and our foreign marketing efforts are becoming increasingly aggressive. Another troubling proposal would allow U.S. firms to seek damages from foreign competitors in American courts. As written, this proposal is strictly illegal under the international trading rules, which have attempted to avoid allowing local legal systems to have jurisdiction over trade policy. Consider how troubling would be the prospect of an American firm defending itself from suits under several different national legal systems; it would more likely simply withdraw from international trade. Widespread adoption of such a proposal could devastate international commerce. I could list numerous other proposals that are equally objectionable, including the "pork-barrel" special favors that inevitably populate comprehensive legislation of this sort. The message would be the same, however. Both congressional bills would make damaging alterations to our fundamental trade laws that would inevitably, whether within one year or five years, place a major damper on world growth. They would also effectively cripple the important multilateral trade negotiations for the removal of trade barriers now underway in Geneva. These are prices we cannot afford. LET US HEAR FROM YOU DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS 1987-88 ANNUAL FUND Please use the form below to send us news about yourself or update your address. Mail to: Newsletter, Economics Department, University of Colorado, Boulder, Campus Box 256, Boulder, CO 80309. The Department of Economics wishes to express our thanks for those of you who have earmarked your donations to The CU Foundation, Inc., for the Department of Economics for one of our special funds or as a designated annual fund donation. Your gifts mean a great deal to us. We invite you to designate your 1987-88 CU Annual Fund gift to the Department of Economics. To ensure accurate processing of your gift, please complete this form and mail it along with your tax-deductible donation, to the CU Foundation, Inc., P.O. Box 2329, Boulder, CO 80306-2329. Name C.U. degree(s) and dates(s). Major Professor ____^_ Thank you for your support of the Economics Department. Degree(s) from other schools and dates(s). NAME_ CODE A9 Present position, employer, location. ADDRESS. Awards, honors, fellowships. Enclosed is my check for $_ INC" . payable to "THE CU FOUNDATION Other information and alumni news. Current mailing address 1 work for a matching gift corporation, and am enclosing the corporate match ing gift form I received from my company's benefits office. f~l yes D no Director of the International Research Center for Energy and Economic Development for 31 years, died suddenly on March 19,1987. A specialist in economic development and planning, energy and the economics of Africa and the Middle East, El Mallakh authored or edited over 20 books and 300 articles. He established and served as editor of The Journal of Energy and Development, served on the board of governors of the Middle East Institute (Washington, D.C. and on the board of editors of The Middle East Journal and the International Journal of Middle East Studies. He was a member of the U.S. National Committee on the World Petroleum Congresses and served in consultancy or advisory capacities to the World Bank, the U.S. Office of Technology Assessment, the Council for the International Exchange of Scholars, and numerous other groups. Despite all of these time-consuming activities, Professor El Mallakh found time to serve as a mentor to a large number of graduate students (including many international students) and was a well-liked professor by both undergraduate and graduate students. ECONOMICS PROFESSORS RECOGNIZED Graduate S t u d e n t s Colleen Askew and Paul Wojick The graduate students and faculty in the Department of Economics are the beneficiaries of several programs established to honor individual faculty members. A Reuben A. Zubrow Graduate Fellowship Endowment Fund supports outstanding Master's and Ph.D. candidates who plan to teach economics at the university level. Few professors anywhere have been as inspirational to so many individuals as Reuben Zubrow, Emeritus Professor of Economics. Since joining the faculty in 1949, Professor Zubrow, who continues to teach large introductory economics classes, has taught over 30,000 students. His contagious enthusiasm and total commitment to the study of economics make him a well-liked and sought-after professor. The Carl McGuire Center for International Studies was established in 1985 with an initial gift and a pledge to match private gifts by Professor Emeritus Carl McGuire. Professor McGuire was an outstanding teacher in the fields of international trade and finance, international monetary economics, and comparative economic systems. Some of the functions of the McGuire Center include facilitating research on international economics topics, developing interdepartmental programs related to international education, and developing a computer network which enables intellectual dialogue about international economics issues among scholars. The George William Zinke Fellowship was established in 1984 with gifts from the family and friends of George Zinke. Professor Zinke taught intellectually stimulating courses in the history of economic thought for three decades in the University of Colorado Economics Department. The fellowship is awarded each year to an economics graduate student with an outstanding record and a strong interest in the history of econorhic thought. The first three recipients of the fellowship were Paul Wojick, for the academic year 1985-86, Colleen Askew, for 1986-87, and Barbara John, for 1987-88. Mr. Wojick is writing a Ph.D. thesis on the relevance of the classical economists' concern for economic reproduction to Keynesian economics. Ms. Askew is writing on competing interpretations of the causes and events of the Great Depression. Ms. John has not yet picked a definite thesis topic but is interested in the question of the theory of money in Marxian economics. As you can see, these students are working on topics in which George Zinke was himself keenly interested. Their names have been engraved on a plaque hanging in the Economics Department conference room. This spring a memorial scholarship fund was set up in the name of Ragaei El Mallakh. Ragaei El Mallakh, a Professor of Economics and More information about these fellowships and programs can be obtained by contacting the Chair of the Department of Economics, McGUIRE CENTER FOR INTERNATIONAL STUDIES The McGuire Center serves as the interface between the University and the Society for International Development (SID), and is the University sponsor of the newly-created and AID-funded Rocky Mountain International Business Service Center. The Center sponsored a number of seminars and speakers during the 1986-87 academic year: Dr. Michael Dooley, Advisor, IMF Research Department: The International Debt Crisis and Capital Flight Prof. Lance Girton, University of Utah: Competitive Monies and the Evolution of New Monetary Institutions Dr. Peter Clark, Chief, IMF External Financial Division: New Roles of the Special Drawing Right Professor Karen Lewis, New York University Graduate School of Business: Coordination of Monetary Policies in the Atlantic Community Professor Eul-Foo Pang, Director, Latin American Center at the Colorado School of Mines: Latin American Debt Crisis with Special Reference to Brazil Robert Russell, IMF Senior External Relations Officer: Role of the IMF in the International Debt Crisis Professor Sergey Berezovenko, School of International Relations and Law Kiev State University: Transmission of Business Cycles Between Socialist and Capitalist Economies One member of the Center, Keith Maskus, just returned from a year in the U.S. State Department as a senior economist on U.S. trade policy. Another member of the Center, Pablo Guidotti who is on leave this year, is a visiting research economist with the European Department of the International Monetary Fund. As of this year the Center has a new member, George Anayiotos, Ph.D. from New York University. His speciality is deb!/equity swaps in the international debt crisis. Bill Kaempfer, whose speciality is the political economy of international economic policy, just returned from a year with the Claremont Center for Economic Policy Studies, an organization with which he is still affiliated. The director of the McGuire Center, Don Roper, is heading an interdisciplinary project at CU for the creation of an international telecommunications network, housed in Boulder, given to issues surrounding world conflict. ATTENTION FACULTY, GRADUATE STUDENTS, ALUMNI AND FRIENDS Ip you toill be attending tine AmeRi'can Economic: Association Meetings in Chicago this yean, I coish to inoite you to a cocktail parity port aluroni, gRaduate students, faculty and pRi'ends op the DepaRtraent of Economics, UnioeRsity opColoRado. The paRty coill beheld on Monday, DecembeR 28,1987, pRorn <5:3O--8:3O p.m. in PaRIOR F at The PalrneR Hoase, 17 East MonRoe StReet. I bope to see you in Chicago. Please R.S.V.P. if you plan to attend by RetciRning tne enclosed pORm at yociR eaRJiest convenience to belp plan poR tbe RepResbments. SinceRely, BaRRy W. Poalson, PROpessoR YOUR Host Dr. Barry W. Poulson, Professor R.S.V.P. FoRm poR Cocktail paRty, Monday, DecembeR 28, 1987, <5:3O- -8:3O p.m. in PaRloR F at Tbe PalrneR House, 17 East MonRoe StReet. Name. AddRess. Telephone. I coill attend. Please return to: Veta M. Hartman, University of Colorado, Boulder, CB256, Boulder, CO 80309. For further information call (303) 492-5168. University of Colorado, Boulder Department of Economics Campus Box 256 Boulder, CO 80309-0256