...

1 Geometria analitica Supponiamo di aver fissato un sistema di

by user

on
Category: Documents
19

views

Report

Comments

Transcript

1 Geometria analitica Supponiamo di aver fissato un sistema di
 JD2$- 1;"13,0!#%)$',&(B=B8*,0)$-1;#@$#=13+-13,,L.0KM/213,N13$'$'4513613,O)!7,B813B8#8,1945",.3&:)#=$*!2$')43#,L.;PR#=<>Q,.;#8&,!?45*@$-.;43,1;#%$-!A!,B#%$-!CDE@"!7BGFH".;#8I"#=!,#=!
SUT9S VXWZYYW
[ !2$*\5]_^`^Gacb*,0d BGFH#8!1;#8,&,)C,#e!?45#E)C#E@".3)#=!2$'43,KM,0Pc@gf,O13))#=1;<h$-!CC!ZFi,jk2$-l#="!,0),BZ45#8 z9{}|
m KonqpgP0nsrutwvyx
)Cƒ }$„+-,z9{}m|…1;,N#ep~@gf13#%"$-!&($M@-]31;†4g‡$'a‰!kˆ43ŠG#U‹Œzh!k]Ž3&a-\_,^.;]g#E_.3Šh,a-$'Œ B8a:#/2)1;#E15b$'43‘2#€13|,N,0p“#8!At”’ 2vC$-D2.9b*45#=@Œ"‹B8Œ•$-.3,0,d 2m $-,O.3$-pB8B=!,B%"$!A$-13B8"B`F–!C$-(1;13,,L!k)43.5,$-B8B=&,O‚P:#E,O!kCB8—B=#G d Q
,131;,.3,[email protected]#˜434g$“!,B8B8$<>".3&($
Potš™ mp Kc™ pr tœ›cKonq…x ›žtš™ mp x 0tŸ™ rp 45¡$'BE$'B8BG45!kFi?$-|1;&13@g,,f.;),((,b(B=›¢B8,o<>",NdKª.3&()&:,_$*43$643@£"!!7"Žg!«‹‰#8]>B¤X@1;",Ž_#8&!ŠG]_@#%Œ2#8$-)^1;]N,13!?,oa-45Œ,c¥"@‹13"¦˜#˜a-45!«#=\5+-]O,*1;)13)#e,bDB=B8@,N,$-@13KXM"#8zh!C#8.3!¬@,#81;)C@45$„,O#…@,›"1;@!6B=t­B%$136v?4g$-|®#8BQ!CI"@¨$-,,!?13645,O#8!£)t¯,@B8vCBGFiD—#$-!b°b©I-,(,od"d B8226$-$-z>.5.5"$'$'.3B8B8#=B8B8,,,!¨B%B%$$ §
$'B8BGFi$-1;13,),B8B=,KeD213,Opytwv6,Ld 2$-.3$-B8B=,B%$$-B8B`F–$-1;13,L),B8B=,Pc,013,Orytwv¨D2b2$-1;15$oR,m .B`Fi-.3#8I-#8!,'Q
±²³k´'µ?¶>·k¶>¸s¹2ºh¹¼» Ž_\®Š€½-]_\5]N¾-‡¿]“]3†‡Ca‰ˆŠG‹Œ2ŠÀŽ3a-\®^]g_Šha-Œ]N¾-Š8_^`Š€Œ2^]ŽgÁ2]OŠh¾]_Œ2^hŠ Ž3a-Œ‹“¦˜a_^]gga(\5]_^`^Ga?Ã
±Žg‹‰²]>³k¤X´'µ?Ž_¶>ŠG·k]_Œ2¶>¸s^]N¹2a-º=ŒÄŸ¥‹» ¦˜Ž_a-\®\5Š€]u½-]_›7\5]à ¦3ÅÆ]3†‡Ca‰ˆŠG‹Œ]°Ž3a-\®^]g_Šha-Œ as¾]_¦€¦˜a•\5]_^`^Ga©ÇCaga-Œ2^]:Ç2]_\„Š€¦UÇ ‡Œ2^ȋªz>K¿É‰x5P'É®|°]
±\5]_²^h³k^È]´'à µ?¶>» ·kŽ_¶>\_¸sŠ€½-¹2]_\5º=ʟ]¾» ]_Šh¦€a-¦8]LŒ‹ Žg‹m Œ KA¾-Š˜nˈŠG‹p®Œ2PŠRnw_‡r(ŠŽgt­‹‰]>¤Xvs]Ž_ŠG]_̌2K*^`Š nËÍp P“r nËÌ ÎÏÍÑt­]Àv«ÎÒ¦8]AÇ2]3]_†\L‡a‰Ž_‡¨ˆŠGŠh‹Ó0Œ2ÔՊŠ–ÖNŽ3a-¦8]\®^¾-]g‡¿_Šh]~a-\5Œ]_]:^`^¾-]yŠ‰‹¾-Œ‡2‹]
ÇCa-\;a-¦€¦8]_¦8]g×uÔՊ€Š–Ö¦8]N¾-‡¿]O\5]_^h^È]0‰‹Œ‹c‹\®^‹3¥‹Œ a-¦ØŠhà mCÐ Ð Ð Ð
±¾-Š²b£³k´'Žgµ?‹¶>Œ·k¶>¸s¦˜a:¹2\5]_ºÚÙÜ^h^ÕaOÛ ÇCa-a^Ggaa-‡¨Œ2Œ ^a]\5Ç2]_]_^`\0^GaL¦3bAÅƋ\®¾-Š˜Š¥-Š€]3Œ†]‡a‰]ˆÇ2ŠG‹]_Œ\ÕÇ2]L]_Ž3Œ a-¾-\®ŠG^Žg]g‹_¦˜Šha-a-\5Œ ]OaAaÔÈÝ_bCÖ Ã Ð ^h\g‹½a-\5]~Š€¦?Ç ‡¨Œ2^‹¾-Š—Š€Œ2^]_\5‰]3ˆŠG‹Œ]
±_Š€²ß“³kß:´'µ?]_¶>^h·k\®¶>ŠG¸sŽg‹(¹2¾º=ޚ]_¦€¦3ÛÅƋ\®a-Š˜^G¥-a:Š€Œ‡¨]LŒ \®acŠ8\5Ç2]_]_^h^Õ^ha^ȋ:bMa¾-bCŠuà ]3†‡Ca‰ˆŠG‹Œ]“Ž3a-\®^È]g_Šha-Œ aÔÈÝ_Ö^h\5‹½a-\5]¦8]“Žg‹‰‹\;¾-Š€Œ a-^]¾]_¦CÇ ‡¨Œ2^‹
à ¨I-I",.;#8&,!?45áâC45#=B8#8ll$'43,BGFH,1;,.;@#8l#8o.;,@,),!?43,ã
±²³k´'µ?¶>·k¶>¸s¹2º=äšÛ a-^Ga(¦˜a:\5]_^`^GabM¾-ŠÀ]3†‡a‰ˆŠG‹Œ]
PotËKnË{x
ÇÇ \5‡‹Œ2½^a-‹:\5]¾]_Žg¦€Á2¦˜a(]\5¦˜a:]_^`^G¾-aOŠ8_Ç2^Ga-]_\Œˆ‰Ž_a:‡¨Š¾-Š¦˜ac‡Œ£¾-Š8_†^G‡Ca-a-Œ¦Øˆ‰‡¨aXŒ †]å ‡2]g]…Ç a-‡^h^Ռ2a-^ß:‹(]_¾-Œ2Š^bw]Læ ]Lå ç'ßè"a‰ç¥‰Ã ¥-ŠG‹\5]N‹“‡-¥-‡a-¦8]N¾-Šeæ ç"è-ç]0^h\5‹½a-\5]0Š€¦
{
±ÔՊ–Ö²³k¾-´'Š€µ?ß:¶>·k‹‰¶>_¸s^`\;a-¹2\5º ]ŽgÛ Á2]Oa-^G¦˜a(ac‡¾-Œ Š8_a:^Ga-\gŒ]_ˆ‰^h^Gaca¾-bŠ‡¾-ŠÀŒ6]3¥†]_‡CŒa‰]_ˆ\_ŠG‹ŠGŽgŒ‹]Ç Ž3‡¨a-Œ2\®^^‹:]g_Šh¾a-]_Œ ¦€¦˜aMa(ÔÈ\5Ý_]_Ö-^`^GÓ a*¾?a-¦€¦3ÅƋ\®Š˜¥-Š€Œ]°]0å ßa‰¥‰¥-ŠG‹\5]N¾-Š
r ‘
æ m nqp
ÔՊ€Š–Ö¾-Š€ß:‹‰_^`\;a-\5]ŽgÁ2]“]g_Š8_^]0‡¨Œ:Ç ‡Œ2^‹:z>K ~x5P …|¾-Šb„¦˜aAŽ_‡ŠU¾-Š8_^Ga-Œˆ‰ac¾?a-¦€¦3ÅƋ\®Š˜¥-Š€Œ]¬] å
r ‘
æ m nqp
ÔÇ2Պ€]_Š–\LÖ*¦3¾-ÅƋŠ€ß:\`¥-‹‰Š€Œ_^h]\3a-Ç2\5]_](\ÕÇ2Žg]_Á2Œ ] ¾-Ð ŠG‰Žg‹]L¦˜a-b©\5]OŒ‹aŒ*bCÇCà aga“Ç2]_\N¦3ÅƋ\®Š˜¥-Š€Œ] Ð z>K ~x5P |q]å ¦3Å Š€Œ2^È]_\5‰]3ˆŠG‹Œ]“¾-Šâb°Žg‹Œ°¦˜a6\5]_^`^Ga
à
¨¨45#8B=I-#8lI"l,$-.;.;#8&,BG,FH!?,45jk2á$'l45#8.3-$'!43,045$-).3,,cB=B%1;$,2.3,_$'43.545$'$o45$-!C&(,B8,B8!?$45<>,*".3#&()$C,6Po@tw$-13›c#…K“#8!•nq@CQH#uã pAtÏv©,Ap•tϒ vC‘À!,B1;,@"!)7@$-1;
[.;,!2&$“<h$-<h$-&&(#8I"#=I"B=#%B8$u#=,~))C#¨#Z.3,.34;,_4543,L45,0,ud @$-!“.5$'1;4;-4543,43.3"#8#8l!Cl13$'#843,,0&()2,À$“)@,"B=BG!FH#8)C!#81;l#8#=,"&(!#Z,UI-),#C"43&C43,4343,.3#8B8@g,fC.;,-,Q 4;45¡ ,u!A)45,CB4;45#E#%$'#E!@$'Q13#E~@g"f#¨,0@+"",!)1;#8.3),&(,.3,®§ D
I-)CB8,# #,ÇCB8,a-&(\;a-,ß:!?45]_#â^`\®)CŠ€Q#â~!2)¬$:,<h1;$',&(&#=I"B8#8#86$“B%+-$*,.;<h.5$-$-&!#8!CI"6B=#%$)C,)13,@B=.3B8#˜,o4345.3#—,_43)245$c,(2!2$-$*.3$-cB8B=,CB8#g,d $-,B8jkB`F–2$-1;$'13l,o#8-)!,#GB8DRB8,“#8!©KX@C,d #â@13$'-.5!$'A4;45,.;.3#8,l13l,$'!?4543$ #
)$-B8B`Fi,j$-l#="!,
Pnsryt¼vux
$)'B$-B8+-B`Fi$',.3j#%$'.3$-,*l#=)"!,B~, 2$'.5$-&,43.37rc!,B=BGFH#8!1;#8,&(,c)C,#!C&(,.3#u.3,$-B8# MQ [ ! $-B=43.3£,1;,&#8q,Ad ),1;@.;#=4343
PN™•›cKAt¼vux
@g)CfC,,B8B`F–$-$'Be1313+',L$-.3)C#8,$-B8.3B=,0,L)PR,Q B—2$'.5$-&,43.3:› )C,[email protected]#˜+",43C4343,NB=,N.;,4343,2$'1315$'!k43#â ,.~BGFH".3#=I"#8!,'D@-!BGFH,@@,l#8"!C,
±]O²†³k‡´'a-µ?\®¶>^·k‹*¶>¸s†‡C¹2a?º ¾-Ÿ\;a-»Œ2Ž_^È]\®ÃŠ€½-]_\5]u¦3ÅÆ]3†‡Ca‰ˆŠG‹Œ]¾]_¦€¦˜a a-ߓŠ˜¥-¦ØŠhaN¾-ŠZ\5]_^`^]ÇCa-\;a-¦€¦8]_¦8]a-¦€¦˜a Š8‰]_^h^`\®ŠGŽg]~¾]_¦‰]‰Žg‹Œ ¾‹
±ˆŠG²‹³kŒ´']uµ?PL¶>·kn ¶>¸sç}K“¹2º nœŸ{» Ž_tË\®Š€v2½-Ã]_\5]…¦3ÅÆ]3†‡Ca‰ˆŠG‹Œ]¾]_¦€¦˜a a-ߓŠ˜¥-¦ØŠhaL¾]_¦€¦8]\5]_^h^È] Ç2]_\ÕÇ2]_Œ ¾-ŠGŽg‹¦˜a-\_Š a-¦€¦˜aL\5]_^`^GaO¾-Še]3†‡Ca
±ß:²]_³kŒ2´'^µ?] ¶>·k‰¶>Ž_¸s\®Š€¹2½-]_ºh¹ \5]0¦3ÅÆ]3†‹‡CŒ¬a‰ˆ‡ŠGŒ ‹a*Œ]N_Š€¾Œ]_¥¦€‹¦˜a ¦˜aMa-]3ߓ†‡Š˜a‰¥-ˆ¦ØŠhŠGac‹Œ¾-] ŠÐ ^h‡¾-Š–^`Ç2^]N]_Œ ¦8]O¾]_\gŒ2]_^È^h]“^]u¾?ÇCa„ag‡Œ6a-Œ2ÇC^`a-ŠR\;Ç2a-]_ß:\0]_¦3^hÅÆ\g‹‹(\®Š˜‰¥-ŽgŠ€]_Œ¦Ø]^È˄‹gÇ?Ç2‹\®^`‡Œ a
Ð
±\;a‰²¥‰³k¥-´'ŠG‹(µ?¶>·kÝ ¶>¸sŽg]_¹2Œ2ºh^`¹¿\;¹¼a-^Ga:» Ž_Œ\®]_Š€¦€½-¦3]_ÅƋ\g\_]OŠ˜¥-¦3Š€ÅÆ]3Œ†]‡Cà a‰ˆŠG‹Œ]N¾]_¦€¦˜a a-ߓŠ˜¥-¦ØŠha*¾]_¦€¦8]O\5]_^h^È]N^Ga-Œ¥]_Œ2^`ŠUa-¦€¦˜a„Ž_Š€\5Žg‹Œ ]_\5]_Œˆ‰ac¾-Š
Ð
ç
US T
ÈWšW W
[B`Fi,!2jk$o2$-I"l,#=!",!.3, #=@$o2$-.5$'‚R"B8$@"!„$-1;13,O2$-.5$'B8B8,B8“$'B8BGFi$-1;13,L),B8B8,LP DE,0d #8BZB="I"“)C,#e!?45#e@gf,O13))#=1;<h$-!C
Pot m K nsp5Knqrâx
)C}+-, m D2p~,Nr1;"!@"194g$-!?43#GD m t˒ vCQ ¡ BZ!?43:)#Z@¨-.3)#=!2$'45,
t E™ ç p m xgr…™ p m
,Nd #813B#8$o½-]_ \®"^`ŠG1;Žg#=45]#˜+")o,B8oB%$o!2,I"$-$'.3$-45#˜‚ +""oB%$C.3Q#=13ƒ ,$:4343#=$-+'.5$-$-&‚ ,"!?B8$645,',(dQ \_Š€½-‹¦Ø^Gac½-]_\5‰‹c¦3Å a-¦Ø^‹A‹c½-]_\5‰‹(Š€¦ gag‰‹($13,@"!)$c@gf,
m
1;[ ¨!0)C)#8 #819,<h.3$-‚ !"oB=,âBGFH@,-jk!2$-$-1;l#8#8!?"45!C', 45#-@"#8!C@#8)C,!?45#"@"!OI"B8#-K¿$-Po131;#"t¼@$-r—.9x 45,13#%$'!#GDk,d #8B'B8-I"u),#-!?45#?B=,@#"@¨-.3)#=!2$'45,
)C@¨}-+-.3,¬)#=r«!2$',£d 45#@!"$q&@,"1;a45_$-Š€!?Œ245^,7‹^`Š9!|®"Q„!˨!,cCr B8B%$œz>vCjkDâ#8#!))CC#L,:@".5!$'&(1;#8)#,).3,#8$-B8BG&(FH#8 •,.;1;‚R"B8-ªB8,#=R1;#U,.343‚ .3‰"+'B8#~$-!@gf,¬!,$'BÀ‚‚C#%.3$'#8&!ªAI",(B8#L43,$'.313l13 #
jk2$').5$-!?43,-D¿&(,!?45.3,L1;,r XvCD1;#Z45.3‰+'$-!!,BE13,@"!),0!,Bejk2$-.945Q
¡!©$-.5&$-‚ ")B=*,$-o!2)$'#EB8"#8I":,.;$c‚R"jkB=#G2Q $-!?45A13#,d <h$'4343c ,.B=,<h$-&#8I"B=#8,L)#.;,4;45,-D13# "131;"!*),_/2!#=.3,<h$-&#8I"B=#8,L)#
±Ç‡²Œ2³k^h´'ŠUµ?z9¶>™O·k¶>{"¸sxgv?¹2|ºh¹]ğz9{"» x5Ž_v?\®|Š€Ã½-]_\g]¦3ÅÆ]3†‡Ca‰ˆŠG‹Œ]:¾]_¦€¦˜aÇCa-\;a _‹¦˜a7Žg‹ŒªŠ€¦U½-]_\®^hŠGŽg](Š€Œqz`vCx{‰|*]0ÇCaga-Œ2^È]0Ç2]_\Š
±P“²t ³k´'µ?K ¶>·k¶>nq¸sp5¹2Koºh¹nsʚrcÛ ] Š€ß:‹‰_^hv \3a-\5a-]7¦€¦8‹Žg\;Á2a ]M‰]‡¨ŒsÇ ‡Œ2^‹qz>Kex3P|£a_Ç?ÇCa-\®^`ŠG]_Œ]©a-¦€¦˜a©ÇCa-\;a _‹¦˜aq¾-Š]3†‡Ca‰ˆŠG‹Œ]
m
m Ð
P œr…™ p m ±²³k´'µ?¶>·k¶>¸s¹2ºh¹?ÙÜÛ Š€ß:‹‰_^h\3a-\5]ŽgÁ2]L¦˜a:\g]_^h^Gab¾-ŠÀ]3†‡Ca‰ˆŠG‹Œ]
K*tŸ{
]Lå ‡¨Œ7ag‰]¾-Š—_Š€ß“ß:]_^h\®Šha0Ç2]_\0¦˜a0ÇCa-\;a _‹¦˜ac¾-Š…]3†‡Ca‰ˆŠG‹Œ]
P“tËK ™qçKn
‹aO½‰b„½-]_½‰\5ŠU‹~a_‰Ç?]uÇC‡a-ŒN\®^hNJG]_‡¨ŒŒ2]^Ã ‹ a_Ç?ÇCa-\®^hŠG]_Œ]a-¦€¦˜auÇCa-\;a _‹¦˜a Ð a-¦€¦8‹\;aNa-ŒŽgÁ2]uŠ€¦Ç ‡Œ2^‹_Š€ß“ß:]_^`\®ŠGŽg‹0¾-Š \®Š8Ç2]_^`^‹
Šk‡6å Š€ŒA¥]_Œ]_\;a-¦8] Ð ¾-Š€ß:‹‰_^h\3a-\5]ŽgÁ2]O¦˜a\g]_^h^Ga6¾-ŠU]3†‡a‰ˆŠG‹Œ]
KAtҙ ç p m
]Lå ‡¨Œ7ag‰]¾-Š—_Š€ß“ß:]_^h\®Šha0Ç2]_\0¦˜a0ÇCa-\;a _‹¦˜ac¾-Š…]3†‡Ca‰ˆŠG‹Œ]
Pot m K nsp5Knqr "!
$#
%#
&
!
±²³k´'µ?¶>·k¶>¸s¹2ºh¹Þ \5‹½a-\5]LŠÇ ‡Œ2^`ŠU¾]_¦€¦3Å Š–Ç2]_\ _‹¦8]0¾-Š…]3†‡a‰ˆŠG‹Œ]
K¿Ptš{x
ŽgÁ2]ÁCa-Œ2Œ‹(¾-Š8_^Õa-Œˆ‰aߓŠ€Œ2Š€ßac¾?a-¦¨Ç ‡Œ2^ȋ:zhvCxgv?|Ã
±KZ×~²³kÔՊ€´'Š–µ?Ö¶>_·k‡¨¶>¸s¦€¦3Å ¹2agºh¹‰]N䟾» ]_¦€Ž_¦8\®]uŠ€½-P¿]_×\g]u_‡¦3¦€ÅƦ˜]3a:†‡\5a‰]_ˆ^`^GŠGa*‹Œ¾-]~Š…¾]3]_†¦€‡C¦˜a a‰ˆŠGa-‹ß“Œ]uŠ˜¥-KA¦ØŠhatœ¾-PZŠCÇCà a-\;a _‹¦8]Žg‹Œc½-]_\®^`ŠGŽg]Ó0ÔՊ–ÖL_‡¦€¦3Å ag‰]~¾]_¦€¦8]
±¾-‡2²]u³k´'Ç µ?‡¶>Œ2·k^`¶>Š¸s¦˜aA¹2ºhŽ_¹ ‡Ò»ŠU¾-Š8Ž__\®^GŠ€a-½-Œ]_ˆ‰\gaœ]¦3]Nå ÅÆ]3Ý?†Ã ‡Ca‰ˆŠG‹Œ]¾]_¦€¦˜a a-ߓŠ˜¥-¦ØŠha“¾-ŠÇCa-\3a _‹¦8]LŽgÁ2]~Š€Œ2^]_\5‰]gŽ3a“¦3Å ag‰]¾]_¦€¦8]UK°Š€Œ
SUT :W ®W 2WEW
ƒ FH,jk2$-l#8"!C,O)C#E!ZFH,B8B=#81;13,-DC@"!6@,!k43.3!,B=BGFH".3#=I"#8!C,,0$-1;13#e2$-.3$-B8B=,#Z$'I"B8#$-131;#E@".3)#=!2$'43#GD,d
K n P tŸ{x
m p
)C1;,}&+-, #%$-m1;13#,*)Cp,B81;B`"Fi,!B8B=#813)C1;,-QN,c¨@, -1;4g$'t !k43#…p‰D 1945B`Fi.3,,_B843B=#84513$-1;&(,,@!?"45#8!,*@&(#8)$-,I"@I""#="!£.3#B%$c)C#@#8vM.;@,c"!C.3<>$-,.3,!.;l,$*1;,!?@,4g!?$-45!C.57$4gB=$*,:!B=,!B=BGI"FH"f.3,#=lI"l#8!C,c,N)),##
.3ƒ $-FHI",jkI"2#= $-lm #8Q "!C,O)C#E!2$“I",!C,m.3#=@$o@#=.3@-!C<>,.;,!l$@"!„@,!?45.;(#=!°z>K¿É‰x5P'Ég|,0.5$-I"I-#8b v6,d
z>K(™«K¿É_| nwzhP™•P'É®| twb ±²³k´'µ?¶>·k¶>¸s¹2ºh¹ \5‹½a-\5]L¦8]“Žg‹‰‹\;¾-Š€Œ a-^]O¾]_¦âŽg]_Œ2^h\g‹:]OŠ€¦Z\;a‰¥‰¥-ŠG‹(¾]_¦€¦˜aAŽ_Š€\5Žg‹Œ ]_\5]_Œˆ‰a:¾-ŠÀ]3†‡Ca‰ˆŠG‹Œ]
K ™«KonªP tËv ±²³k´'µ?¶>·k¶>¸s¹2ºh¹ \5‹½a-\5]L¦8]“Žg‹Œ ¾-Š˜ˆŠG‹Œ2Še_‡¨Š…Žg‹‰]>¤XŽ_ŠG]_Œ2^hŠ mCÐ pc]~rÇ2]_\Ž_‡¨Š
K nqP n m KnspgP0nsrytËv
¦8]…å ]¦3ŽgÅÆ]3‹‰†‹‡C\3a‰¾-ˆŠ€ŠGŒ ‹a-Œ^]u]N¾-¾Š¿]_¦â‡Œ Žg]_a“Œ2Ž_^hŠ€\5\5‹cŽg‹]OŒ Š€¦E]_\5\;]_a‰Œ¥‰ˆ‰¥-a?ŠG‹oÃNŠ€Œ©]_¦2^È]_Ž3\®aß“‰‹Š€Œ2Š€ŠŒA¾-Ž_Š ‡mCŠZÐ †‡2p:]g]~_^r']~à ]3†‡Ca‰ˆŠG‹Œ2Š‰‹Œ‹½-]_\®Š Ž3a-^] Ð ]gÇ \®Š€ß:]_\5]
±¦3ÅƋ²\®³kŠ˜´'¥-µ?Š€Œ¶>·k]¶>à ¸s¹2º=Ä Ü» Ž_\®Š€½-]_\g]¦3ÅÆ]3†‡Ca‰ˆŠG‹Œ]¾]_¦€¦˜a a-ߓŠ˜¥-¦ØŠhaM¾-ŠŽ_Š€\5Žg‹Œ ]_\5]_Œˆ]^Õa-Œ¥]_Œ2^hŠua-¦€¦3Å ag‰]P•Œ]_¦
±ß“²‡³k¦Ø^G´'a-µ?Œ¶>·k]3a-¶>¸sß:]_¹2Œ2º=ÄE^È]0¹w^Ga-Û Œ]g¥‰]_Ž_Œ2\®^hŠ€Š½-]_a-\5ŠU] Ð ¾-‡¿ß:]]3a¾-gŠha-_ŠUŒ2^Žg](‹‰‹‡¨\3Œ¾-Š€a°Œ a-‹o^hŠhÇ Ã Šk‡qå ]3†‡Ca‰ˆŠG‹Œ2Š Ð ¦˜a a-ߓŠ˜¥-¦ØŠha©¾-ŠŽ_Š€\5Žg‹Œ ]_\5]_Œˆ]“_Š
±^]_²\®³kŒ ´'a-µ?ß:¶>·k]_¶>Œ2¸s^È]L¹2^Õº=a-Ä¿ŒÄŸ¥]_» Œ2Ž_^h\®ŠUŠ€½-a-]_¦€¦˜\gaA]Ž_¦3Š€ÅÆ]3\5†Žg‹‡Œ a‰ˆ]_ŠG\5‹]_ŒŒ]“ˆ‰a*¾]_Žg¦€]_¦˜a Œ2^h\3a-a-ߓ^Ga:Š˜¥-Œ¦ØŠh]_a„¦€¦3¾-ÅƋŠ\®Š˜Ž_¥-Š€Š€\5ŒŽg‹] Œ ¾-]_Š\5]_\;Œa‰¥‰ˆ¥-]oŠG‹(a-½-Ý?]_à Œ2^hŠ…\;a‰¥‰¥-ŠG‹c{}è «]oŠ€Œ
Ð
%
!
US T 9W
±²³k´'µ?¶>·k¶>¸s¹2º=Ŀʟ» Šha-Œ‹
Ìwt ¨z€Kex5P|cáKonsç'P œv Àx ÍÜt ¨z€Kex5PC|*áÀçK“nqPn ç œv Û Š8‰]G¥-Œ a-\g]Ì MÍ]Ì MÍcÃ
±²³k´'µ?¶>·k¶>¸s¹2º=ÄÙÜÛ Š8‰]G¥-Œ a-\5]L¦3Å Š€ŒC_ŠG]_ß:]
Ìwt ¨z>Kex5PC|cá K XP
]L^`\5‹½a-\®Œ]O¦8]uÇ \5‹gÇ \_ŠG]_^acå ¾-Šâ_Š€ß“ß:]_^h\®Šha?Ã
±²³k´'µ?¶>·k¶>¸s¹2º=Ä¿ÞšÛ Š8‰]G¥-Œ a-\5]L¦3Å Š€ŒC_ŠG]_ß:]
Ìwt z€Kex5P|*á K ç n P { ±²³k´'µ?¶>·k¶>¸s¹2º=Ä¿äšÛ Š8‰]G¥-Œ a-\5]¥-¦ØŠŠ€ŒC_ŠG]_ߓŠ
ÌËt ¨z€Kex5P|cá KnqP { Àx ͟t ¨z€Kex5P|*á K n P { \5‹½a-\g] Ð ]¾-Š€ß:‹‰_^`\;a-\5] Ð ‡Œ a:\5]_¦˜a‰ˆŠG‹Œ]N¾-ŠŠ€ŒŽ_¦Ø‡?_ŠG‹Œ]0^`\;a̯]~Í*Ã
±²³k´'µ?¶>·k¶>¸s¹2º=Ä Û Š8‰]G¥-Œ a-\5]L¦3Å Š€ŒC_ŠG]_ß:]
Ìwt ¨z€Kex5P|cá P K ±²³k´'µ?¶>·k¶>¸s¹2º=Ä šÛ Š8‰]G¥-Œ a-\5]L¦3Å Š€ŒC_ŠG]_ß:]
Ìwt ¨z€Kex5P|*á K¿P { Àx
æ]*ç¾-ʀß:‹‰_^h\3a-\5]6ŽgÁ2]MŽg‹Œ2^hŠG]_Œ]cŠÇ ‡Œ2^`Š~Š€Œ2^È]_\®Œ2Ša-¦€¦˜a•Ž_Š€\5Žg‹Œ ]_\5]_Œˆ‰a¬Žg]_Œ2^h\;a-^Õa©Œ]_¦€¦3ÅƋ\®Š˜¥-Š€Œ]A¾-Š\;a‰¥‰¥-ŠG‹
T9S ±²³k´'µ?¶>·k¶>¸¬ÄZºh¹ a ®‡¨ŒˆŠG‹Œ]N1;,I"! Ð Š€ŒM_Š€ß _‹¦ØŠ z>KR|t z>KR| Ð ]Oå ¾]>Œ2Š€^ÕaAŽg‹ß:]‰]G¥-‡¿]
™vuOx {x ‰‰]] KKAtwvv
z>KR|t {x ‰] K v
Û Š8‰]G¥-Œ a-\g]Š€¦ ¥-\;a;Žg‹(¾]_¦€¦8] ®‡ŒˆŠG‹Œ2Š z>KR|t z>KR| Ð âz>KR|tœK z>KR|Ã
±Œ2‡²ß:³k´']_µ?\5¶>‹o·k¶>Š€¸¬Œ2^ÄZ]_\gº=‹Ä ߓŠ€aoŒÇC‹\5a-]\®^ȋ]‡-Š€Œ2¥-^ȇC]_a-\;¦8a]N¾-aNŠ…K—‡¨Ã Œ«Û Œ2Š8‡‰]Gß:¥-Œ]_\5a-‹*\5]0\5]3Šea-¥-¦8]L\;a;KРŽ_ŠUŽgÁ2¾]N]_¦€_¦8] Š®Š€‡Œ Œ¾-ˆŠGŽ3ŠG‹a©Œ2ŽgŠhӋŒ à K2ã Ð ]oå Š€¦ Ç Šk‡„å ¥-\;a-Œ ¾]
z€KR|Ut à K2ã"x z>KR|t à K2ã¨n•Kx z>KR|t K ±²³k´'µ?¶>·k¶>¸¬ÄZº=ÊšÛ Š8‰]G¥-Œ a-\5]LŠ€¦ ¥-\;a;Žg‹(¾]_¦€¦˜a ®‡¨ŒˆŠG‹Œ]
z€KR|tË&($ K x;K ±Œ]_²¦€³k¦˜ay´'µ?—¶>¥-·k‡¨¶>¸¬\;a?ÄZà ºÚÙ \5‹½a-\5]“¦˜aM¾]>Œ2Š˜ˆŠG‹Œ]a-Œ a-¦ØŠ€^hŠGŽ3a¾]_¦€¦˜a ®‡ŒˆŠG‹Œ]oŠ€¦ÀŽ_‡ŠU¥-\;a;Žg‹¼]oå \;a_Ç?Ç \5]g‰]_Œ2^Õa-^‹
y
(0,2)
y=f(x)
(0,3/2)
(−1,0) (−1/2,0)
x
(1,0)
(2,0)
(0,−3/4)
T EW
± ²³k´'µ?¶>·k¶>¸¬ÄZº=ÞšÛ Š€ß:‹‰_^h\;a-\g]ŽgÁ2]Ç2]_\‹3¥-Œ2ŠŒ2‡¨ß:]_\5‹o\5]3a-¦8]yKª½a-¦8]0¦˜a*¾-Š8_‡-¥-‡Ca‰¥-¦ØŠha-Œˆ‰a
K {ÀnªK !" #
%$
&
C)@,#8#8&.9@4g"$".31;)C43#%.5.;$-$-"&.;R,(-“13#8‚!l.3#8$M,_"+"!C<h,,-$-&(D-&()C,#=!k#8I" 43B8,#8,“$c!#8)!6),#…!?@g!kf45,,&)2@$",15.3C$$-!“‚@#=2"B8,$-!.51;)$'#819#…&(45,,_.;45#=".3BZ Ç "!2\_13$'Š€#=Œl45C#8Ž_-Š–.5Ç !$-ŠG# B=‹:, —¾-¨ŠD?DRŠ€}Œ ,+k¾-.+-‡-",ˆI".3ŠG£!‹Œ#k)+']_#Q$-B8+"¨--.3B8,…,.)C #")!â#8&#8Q $-"&1;)“(43.5,$-)13.;#E,,(&+-"CB8!2,#=$ .
O´}¸ ¸R²¶h·k¶>¸ ³¿º ]_\‹3¥-Œ2ŠŒ2‡ß:]_\5‹oŒ a-^`‡\;a-¦8] ½a-¦8]O¦˜a ‹\®ß“‡¦˜a
{…nsçyn }n 6t z ç nË{}| zGç"|
¡1;B#%$-&.;#8“!@#8!*#8I-#=N.5$-))#Ro#8!))C#ECl.3#=‰"+'!$-,~.3$,0#E,).3&(,L$N<h@g$'f4;45,#ZB%1;$N,I"CC.3",!?45"#`13á #=l#="!, c,~d )#8&"1945.5$4g$0R,.…"I"!C# +'$-B=".3,)# —DC1;,
d +",.3$C‘
,
d +-,.5$R,.u!6@,.945 âD¿$-B=B8".3$$-!@gfC, ,Ld +",.3$CQ
13, A,
±²³k´'µ?¶>·k¶>¸¬ÄZº=äšÛ Š€ß:‹‰_^h\;a-\g]L¦˜aMÔ Ö-Ã
±²³k´'µ?¶>·k¶>¸¬ÄZº Û Š€ß:‹‰_^h\;a-\g]ŽgÁ2] Ð Ç2]_\‹3¥-Œ2ŠŒ a-^`‡\;a-¦8] Ð
z ?|
{Ànsç n n ‰n t z nË{‰|zGç nË{}| ±²³k´'µ?¶>·k¶>¸¬ÄZº Ÿ» a_Ç?Ç Šha-ß:‹:ŽgÁ2]O¾?a-^`Š¾-‡2]0Œ2‡ß:]_\®Š\5]3a-¦ØŠ m ]p“½a-¦8]0¦˜ac¾-Š8_‡-¥-‡a‰¥-¦ØŠha-Œˆ‰ao^`\®Šha-Œ¥‹¦˜a-\5]Ó
m nqp m n p » ®Ž_x \®Š€½-]_\5]o‡ Œ a©¾¾-‹Š8½-_] ‡"¥-­‡Ca‰]0å ¥-‡¦ØŠhŒ©a-ŒŒ2ˆ‰‡¨a©ß:Žg]_Á2\5]*‹]gŒ _a-^]_^h‡¨Œ \;¾?a-a„¦8]¦˜aa-\ Ç \5Š€]g^`\;Žga-]3¾\®ŠG]_‹-Œ2à ^](Û ¾?Š€ß:a-¦À‹‰_Ž3a^h\;‰a-‹M\5]0¾-Šy¦˜a:¾-Œ2‡2‡¿]:‹a-½¦…a:Ž3¾-aŠ8‰_‹„‡"¥-¾-‡CŠ a‰¼¥-¦ØŠhŒ2a-‡Œß:ˆ‰a?]_à \®Š
m m m Ð
±]…²Ç2³k]_´'\“µ?‹3¶>¥-·kŒ2¶>¸¬ŠâŒ2ÄZ‡¨º ß:]_ \5‹a-Œ Œ a-¾^h‹‡¨\;Š€a-¦}Ǧ8] \_Š€ŒŽ_½Š–a-Ç ¦8ŠG]L‹L¦˜¾-a*Š ¾-Š€ŒŠ8_¾-‡"‡"¥-ˆ‡CŠGa‰‹¥-Œ¦Ø] Šha-Ð Œ¾-ˆ‰Š€ß:a ‹‰_^`\;a-\5]ŽgÁ2] Ç2]_\~‹3¥-Œ2Š Œ2‡¨ß:]_\5‹\g]3a-¦8]Ì Ëv
z9{ÀnqÌ| {Àn Ì ±²³k´'µ?¶>·k¶>¸¬ÄZºh¹ å ½-]_\3a¦˜a*¾-Š8_‡"¥-‡Ca‰¥-¦ØŠha-Œˆ‰a
z m p_| 2z m nsp_|x m xgp ±²³k´'µ?¶>·k¶>¸¬ÄZºh¹¿¹wÛ Š€ß:‹‰_^h\3a-\5]0¦˜a:¾-Š8_‡"¥-‡Ca‰¥-¦ØŠha-Œˆ‰a(^h\3a:ß:]3¾-Šha¥]g‹ß:]_^`\®ŠGŽ3aA]Oß:]3¾-Šhaca-\®Š€^hß:]_^`ŠGŽ3a
æ m p m nsç p x m x5p Ëv ±¦˜a²¦8³k‹´'\gµ?‹¶>·kß:¶>¸¬]3¾-ÄZŠha:ºh¹a-Ě\_Š€^hÛ ß:a-]_^h^hŠEŠGŽ3¾-aA‡2]y]Œ2¥‡¨]gß:‹ß:]_\®]_ŠZ^`\®\5ŠG]3Ž3a-a(¦ØŠR\®ŒŠ8‹Ç2Œ:]_^hŒ^`Š€]G½¥?a-a-ß:^hŠ€½‰]_ŠŒ2m^]Ã]Up Ð \5‹Š€Œ ½¾-a-ŠG\5Žg]ÁŽgŠha-Á2ß:] ‹NŽg‹ŒN› "z m xgp_|]"› !'z m xgp_|
&#8!z m xgp_| "› !-z m xgp_| › "z m xgp_| &($ Zz m xgp_| #
$&
#
#
#
#
"! !
&
#
!
&
#
2DZŽg‹‹²ŒM^h³k\5´']_¦8]Lߓµ?¶>‰ß:·k]G¶>¥-‹¸¬‡¿¾]_ÄZ]>Œ2ºh¹^hŠRŒ2ÊNJ€\5\5]L‹gÇa&\®a-,ŠG]_)Œ ^¨#8¾a?$:å ‹‰Ó Ž_‡¨ŠŒ _a ‡¨®¦â‡ß:Œˆ‹ŠG¾‹]_Œ¦€]U¦8‹A›¢¾]_¾-¦€Š–¦8Ç2]]_ß:Œ ¾]3¾-]_Œ2ŠG]0^]¥¾?]g‹aoß:¾-]_‡¿^h]\®ŠGŒ2Ž3a©‡¨ß:]o]_a-\®\_ŠeŠ€\5^h]3ß:a-]_¦ØŠ ^hŠGm Ž3aM]¾-pOŠuŒ¾-‹‡2ŒA]“ŒŒ2]G‡¥?ß:a-^h]_Š€½‰\®ŠŠ ÐÐ
Š–Š€ÖLŠ–ÖL›7&(z #=m !Exgz p_|Àxgp_tœ| ›7z`›7p‰x z m | xgÐ p_Ç2| ]_\‹3&(¥-$Œ2ZŠ z m xg]~p_|upAÇ2Ô`]__\Š€ß“‹3ß:¥-Œ2]_Š ^h\_Šha_]~Ö‰× pÃ
Œ2½-]_Œ2^Õa-\5m ]0‡Œ a(ß:]3¾-m Šha Ð ¾-Š€½-]_\5ac¾?m a*†‡2]_¦€¦˜a¥]g‹ß:m ]_^h\®ŠGŽ3aA]†‡¿]_¦€¦˜a:a-\_Š€^hß:]_^hŠGŽ3a?Ã
±²³k´'µ?¶>·k¶>¸¬ÄZºh¹?Ù ]_\ mCЗm œv Ð _Šha
›7z m x5p|t æ m n ç æ p Û Š€ß:‹‰_^`\;a-\5]ŽgÁ2]y› ]0å ‡Œ a:ß:]3¾-ŠhaA]ŽgÁ2]
› !'z m xgp_| ›7z m xgp_| › "z m xgp_|x m x5p œv "
T @)C[ "#8!«@!ª,$!,R)!?,o45.;.3&:@g$-f&$','l‚á #8#%-|_!Q ,“~))ª#@,"13!?,&(43,C!kC#845DMB%$&:$'C43.3,"&(.;$'#845,_#=4'@$d *)# ~Md .3,@g1;f13#=,&(.3,:,),,*13).;,,1;#u15!k$@&-!¬,.;#2$-.3,.;"$-B8B8#À,o136#u@" !°7d 13,#=13&‚R.;#8-&B8#y,.;z>,
Ž‰g‹]gŽgߓ‹‡Œ Œ¾†‹‰‡2× ]_Š—Ç \5]_Œ ¾?a-Œ‹*¾-‡¿]oŒ2‡ß:]_\®Š\5]3a-¦ØŠ Ç2‹‰_Š€^hŠ€½‰Š Ð ]g_Š8_^]o‡¨Œ¬ß“‡¨¦Ø^hŠ–Ç ¦8‹6¾]_¦RÇ \®Š€ß:‹cßa‰¥‰¥-ŠG‹\g]o¾]_¦
-.;,
Kex5"
P áKex5P vux á K P l$-,!I")B=#,1313-,B=.;4g@$'#=l!k#Z43“@gf#E,013#=1;&,I"‚R--B8!#Gá o)‰+",43,013@.;#=+-,.3,0),B8B=,L$ R,.3&($-l#8"!# ,jk#˜+'$-B8,!k43#E$jk,B=B8,)$'45,'DC45#=B8#=l_§
£á,1;#81945,-‘
•á ,.y"I"!#`‘
á4g$-B=,L@gf,-‘
á$-2$'.;45#=,!,'‘
á#=&(B=#8@$C‘
d ,jk#˜+'$-B8,!k43,O$C‘
áy,L
á@"!CI"#8!Cl#8-!,:]"‘
á)#81;I"#8C!l#="!,(‹Q
±²³k´'µ?¶>·k¶>¸¬ÄZºh¹ÞŸ» ]0‡Œ©Œ2‡¨ß:]_\5‹\5]3a-¦8]«]0å ßa‰¥‰¥-ŠG‹\5]O¾-ŠUÝ Ð Š€¦_‡2‹*Ž_‡ _‹ ]0å ßa‰¥‰¥-ŠG‹\5]N¾-ŠUÝ -Ã
±]Lå ²Œ2³k‡¨´'¦€µ?¦8‹-¶>·kà ¶>¸¬ÄZºh¹äŸ» ]0Š€¦¨Ç \5‹¾‹^h^ȋ:¾]_Š†‡Ca?¾-\;a-^`Š¾-ŠU ¾-‡¿]0Œ2‡ß:]_\®Š\5]3a-¦ØŠ(]0å Œ2‡¦€¦8‹ Ð ‡¨Œ‹¾]_Š¾-‡¿]OŒ2‡ß:]_\®Š
&
±¾-Š8²³kÇC´'a-µ?\®Šh¶>÷k¶>¸¬ÄZºh¹ Ò» ](Š€¦eÇ \5‹¾‹^h^ȋ©¾-Š¾-‡2](Œ2‡¨ß:]_\®ŠŒ a-^`‡\;a-¦ØŠ©]cå ¾-Š8ÇCa-\®Š Ð a-¦€¦8‹\;aŠ¾-‡2]:Œ2‡¨ß:]_\®Š‰‹Œ‹
±²³k´'µ?¶>·k¶>¸¬ÄZºh¹ Œ©Œ2‡ß:]_\5‹oŒ a-^h‡¨\;a-¦8]•]å ÇCa-\®Š—‰]“]L‰‹¦8‹‰]0Š€¦_‡2‹:†‡Ca?¾-\3a-^‹ ]å ÇCa-\®ŠhÃ
±a-¦Ø²^h\®³kŠh´'à µ?¶>·k¶>¸¬ÄZºh¹ Å Š€Œ2^È]_\®½a-¦€¦8‹ à vCx{}|„Œ‹Œ¼Žg‹Œ2^hŠG]_Œ]„‡¨Œ”]_¦8]_ß:]_Œ2^‹°ßO¥‰¥-ŠG‹\g]©‹°‡-¥-‡a-¦8]a«^h‡¨^h^`Š¥-¦ØŠ
±‰Žg²]G³k¥-´'¦ØŠGµ?]_¶>\5·k] ¶>¸¬ªÄZ_‡_º=ĤXŽ_ŠG ]_¦LŒ2^Œ2]_‡ß:ß:]_]_Œ2\5^ȋq]¥-{}\3è a-Œ Ð ¾]Ã Ð Ç ‡‹œå ]gg‰]_\g]7\5]g‰‹ a-\ Š€^`\;a-\®Šha-ß:]_Œ2^]*Ç ŠGŽgŽg‹¦8‹©Ç ‡¨\¬¾-Š
±à ²,³k.´'jkµ?¶>·k,¶>19¸¬45“ÄZ,º=13ÄE,¹ .;@#= l#8Œ2‡Rß:-]_43\®,Š43,Ç \®Š€1;ߓC<>Š—.3‰‹#=.3Œ,~‹o)Š€#RŒÂC!*Œ2Š€13^h#8Šh&à ‚R"B=0#8!c#5Zd á—#=!)#=@$'43,~@"! ÜB`Fi#=!13#=,&,u<>".3&($'45
)$“43C4343#E#Z!k&,.3#EC.3#8&#GQ ã
…-!13#=),.;#%$-&“BGFi$ R,.3&($-l#8"!,z><h$-B=15$?|®á~‹3¥-Œ2ŠŒ2‡ß:]_\g‹“Œ a-^`‡\;a-¦8]«]uå ÇCa-\_Š€DC}+k+-,.3
á „t”ç ƒ ‹3¥-$MŒ2Šâ!C,Œ2I?‡¨$-ß:l#8]_"\5!C‹o,:Œ )a-#U^h‡¨jk\;a-,¦8]«194g$£]Nå ¾-$ Š8RÇC,.3a-&(\®Š9$-|_l‘C#8#8"!*!13,6#=&,-d Ⴀ"]gB8_# Š8_^]Aa-¦Øß:]_Œ‹„‡ŒsŒ2‡ß:]_\5‹„Œ a-^`‡\;a-¦8]A¾-Š8ÇCa-\®Šzh,(!"!Zá
á á qt”’ ç ,I?$45,uB8,$,.3&($-l#="!#@"!?43,!kC45,!,I"B8#¨,13,.3@#8l#21;,I"C,!?45#`D?,)o,1;.3#=&(,_45,uB%$!C,I?$-l#8"!C,#8!“1;#8&‚ "B8#`Q
±Œ a-²^h³k‡´'\3µ?a-¶>¦Ø·kŠhà ¶>¸¬ÄZº=Ä¿
Ä ¥-Œ2ŠŒ2‡ß:]_\5‹£Œ a-^`‡\;a-¦8]c_Š~‰Ž_\®Š€½-]MŽg‹ß:]NÇ \5‹¾‹^`^‹°¾-Š0†‡Ca?¾-\;a-^`Š0¾-ŠL¾-‡¿]AŒ2‡ß:]_\®Š
±²³k´'µ?¶>·k¶>¸¬ÄZº=Ä¿Ê a ®‡¨ŒˆŠG‹Œ] âz>KR|tŸ{ÀnªK ag_‡ß:]0½a-¦8‹\®ŠŒ]G¥?a-^hŠ€½‰ŠhÃ
T Y W NW ƒ@gfC$c,M),#=1;&(#819-4g1;$£45.3$-! l#="!k!,&@,B%.;$-¬1;13#=.5@$'$cl#8)-!2,B8$-BGB8FH#8,*.;.5b$-l45#8$-"B8!,A$-B8@g#˜f4'$“,„d )b #Àæ t ç*ç¨CQX.3@,,!)Cl,$°!C,B,.3&)C¨,.3),„:)13#y,I-I",,!C!?,45.5,'$'áNB8#=41;$©d R ""1;!13#8#8$-$-&(&(
1; ".3.;,L@gf,0b13#13@.;#=+'$“@"&,.3$- ".;43 è'@"!„,L!C&(,.3#Z!2$45.3$-B8#`D¨.;#8&# 43.5$“B8-.3Q ~B8B=".5$
t¼ç t¼ç' x
 )C!jk, ,0d 2$'.3#Z,0@-!13,I",!?43,&,!?45, ¬,0d 2$-.;#Gá ct¼ç A ,.u!6@,.;43 °QU,I",O$-B=B8".3$
zGç | t t”ç' ç tœ x
,N1;#%$-jk!C#8!C)C.3##8&$-!#[email protected],$“MB8-,N.3d 2Q $-.3#…zh ,.;@gfZ,“d B8M,d #8Be1;*jk2$-).3$'45k|®Q ,1945*@"!?45.5$'))#8@,#=B <h$'4;45(@gf, ©,
±²³k´'µ?¶>·k¶>¸¬ÄZº=ÄÙ ^hŠ€¦ØŠ˜ˆgˆ‰a-^]Š€¦"Ç \5‹‰Žg]3¾-Š€ß:]_Œ2^‹a_Ç?Ç2]_Œ a½‰Š8_^ȋuÇ2]_\¾-Š€ß:‹‰_^`\;a-\5]LŽgÁ2] æ ]~å Š€\®\;a‰ˆŠG‹Œ a-¦8]Ã
±²³k´'µ?¶>·k¶>¸¬ÄZº=Ä¿Þ \g‹½a-\5]ŽgÁ2] æ ]Oå Š€\_\;a‰ˆŠG‹Œ a-¦8]ÀÇ2]_\“‹3¥-Œ2ŠâŒ2‡¨ß:]_\5‹LÇ \®Š€ß:‹ (Ã
» ‡-¥‰¥]_\®Š€ß:]_Œ2^ȋ-Óy‡¨^hŠ€¦ØŠ˜ˆgˆ‰a-^]O¦˜a‰Žg‹ßÇ2‹‰_Š˜ˆŠG‹Œ]O¾-Š sŠ€Œ a-^`^‹\®ŠÇ \_Š€ß“Šhà ,.#=BC.;"131;#8&L,13,.3@#8l#=D?)#8$-&(R,.‚"!L#=BC1;,I",!?45,y<h$'4343á—-I"!#C#=!?45,.9+'$-B8B=ozUx—| ),B8B%$~.3,4;4g$CD
@"! D2@"!?43#8,!C,OC!„!k&,.;.3$-l#="!2$-B=,-Q
±²³k´'µ?¶>·k¶>¸¬ÄZº=Ä¿äšÛ Š€ß:‹‰_^h\3a-\5]ŽgÁ2]‹3¥-Œ2ŠŠ€Œ2^È]_\®½a-¦€¦8‹ à m xgp5ã~Žg‹Œ2^hŠG]_Œ]0Š€ŒÂŒ2Š€^hŠŒ2‡¨ß:]_\®Š\;a‰ˆŠG‹Œ a-¦ØŠhÃ
&
#
#
âL
© © ±ˆŠG²‹³kŒ´'] µ?¶>·k¶>¸¬ÊZºh¹¼» Ž_\®Š€½-]_\5]“¦8]cŽg‹Œ ¾-Š˜ˆŠG‹Œ2Š_‡¨Š~Žg‹‰]>¤XŽ_ŠG]_Œ2^hŠ m xgp‰xgr6¾-Š‡Œ ac¥]_Œ]_\®ŠGŽ3a6\5]_^h^Õa:b°¾-Š~]3†‡Ca
m KonqpgP0nsrutwvyx
a;¤qŒŽgÁ]uå bAŠ€Œ2^]_\5‰]gŽgÁŠ¦˜aOÇCa-\;a _‹¦˜ac¾-ŠÀ]3†‡Ca‰ˆŠG‹Œ]yPotœK #=!A),0!?45#e)#=1;43#8!?45#ÕÃ
±²³k´'µ?¶>·k¶>¸¬ÊZº=ğ» Šha-Œ‹
m K“nspgPot¼vux Ì~KnsÍPotwv
¦_8]~‡Š~]3†Žg‡‹‰a‰]>¤XˆŠG‹Ž_Œ2ŠG]_ŠŒ2¾-^hŠEŠ ¾-‡2xg]up‰x5\5Ì]_^hxg^ÈÍ]b:Žg]Á2b]c?]gÇCaÇ g\®Š€a-ߌ2a6^`ŠkŠ€Ç2¦ ]_\a-¦3^h^ÅƋ‹©\®Š˜Žg¥-Á2Š€Œ]o]‡¨Ã ŒÛ ‹6a-¾^ȋ]G¥- ¦ØŠy a-Œà ¥v¨‹x®ç¦ØŠ Z㠋Ð \®^hß\g‹a-½^ha-Šy\5¾?]a-‡¨¦€Œ¦8]a¾-Žg‡2‹]Œ ¾-\5Š˜]_ˆ^`ŠG^‹] Œ]] å
‡-¥-‡Ca-¦8]a Ã m
±²³k´'µ?¶>·k¶>¸¬ÊZº=ÊšÛ a-^Ga(‡Œ a“¥]_Œ]_\_ŠGŽ3a\g]_^h^Gab¾-ŠÀ]3†‡Ca‰ˆŠG‹Œ]
m Konqp®PLnsrut¼vux m x5p}x5r Òx
Ç‰Ž_‡\®Œ2Š€½-^hŠU]_\5¾-]0Š8_¦8^`]Š€Œ2Žg^h‹ŠUŒ a-¾-½-Š˜]_ˆŒ2ŠG‹^`Œ2ŠŠ ¾-_Š8_‡¨^ՊÀa-ŒŽg‹‰ˆ‰]>ac¤XÝ:Ž_¦3ŠG]_Å ‡Œ2Œ^hŠ‹(m ¾?xga-p‰¦€xg¦3roÅ a-¦Ø^Õ^ha-\5¦Ø‹-Š…à ŽgÁ2]ÓÀbAŠ€Œ2^]_\5‰]gŽgÁŠŠU¾-‡¿]ag_ŠUŽg‹‰‹\3¾-Š€Œ a-^hŠŠ€Œ£¾-‡2]
±‰‹²¦˜³ka0´'\5µ?]_¶>^`·k^Gao¶>¸¬Žg‹ÊZŒ„ºÚÙ Žg‹‰» ]>¤XŠha-ŒŽ_ŠG‹ ]_Œ2^]¦˜aa-ÇCŒa-¥\;‹a ¦˜a-_\5‹]¦˜a› ¾-Š—ŽgÁ2]3†]‡CŠ€a‰Œ2ˆ^ȊG]_‹\5Œ‰]]gŽ3Poa tXK Š€Œc]U‡¨Œ› ‰‹ ¦8‹…£Ç à ‡Œ2Û ^Ȋ€‹ß:]u‹‰_^`\5^h\3‹a-½\5a-]\5]yŽgÁ2¦8]]Žg]g‹‰_‹Š8_\;^Ⱦ-]yŠ€Œ ‡a-Œ ^a ]
¾]_¦Ç ‡¨Œ2^‹:¾-ŠŠ€Œ2^È]_\5‰]3ˆŠG‹Œ]Š€Œ ®‡¨ŒˆŠG‹Œ]N¾-ŠE›7Ã
±]3†²‡C³ka‰´'ˆµ?ŠG‹¶>·kŒ¶>]y¸¬PÊZt˺=ޟK » Ž_Š€\®ŒŠ€½-‡]_\5Œ]7‹*¦3]3Åƾ:]3†‡¨‡ŒMa‰ˆ‰ŠG‹‹Œ¦8‹]¬Ç ¾‡]_Œ2¦€^¦˜a‹-à a-ߓŠ˜¥-¦ØŠhaX¾-Š“\5]_^h^È]qŽgÁ2]7Š€Œ2^È]_\5‰]gŽ3a-Œ‹q¦˜a°ÇCa-\;a _‹¦˜aX¾-Š
±K¿P“²³ktŸ´'µ?{:¶>·kŠ€¶>Œ©¸¬‡ÊZŒº=‹*äš]3Û ¾(]g‡‰ŒMŽ_\®‰Š€½-‹]_¦8‹\5]Ç ¦˜‡¨a Œ2^a-‹-ߓà Š˜¥-¦ØŠha(¾-Š—^`‡^h^È]0¦8]\5]_^`^]ŽgÁ2]LŠ€Œ2^]_\5‰]gŽ3a-Œ‹¦3Å Š–Ç2]_\ _‹¦8]L¾-ŠU]3†‡Ca‰ˆŠG‹Œ]
±¦8]L²Ž_³kŠ€´'\5µ?Žg‹¶>·kŒ ¶>¸¬]_\5ÊZ]_Œº ˆ]~ ¾Œ ]_¾-¦-ŠGÇ ŽgÁŠha-ŠhŒa-ß:‹-à ‹Žg\;‹a?Œ ¾-‡¨\®\5]¦3Š€Å Š€Œ:ŒC__ŠGŠ€]_ß ß:_]O‹¦ØŠZ¾]_¦˜aNŠRÇ ‰‡]G¥-Œ2‡2^h]_ŠUŒ2¾^È]_]¦¨a Ç Šha-]_Œ\®ß‹:a‰]ˆŠGŽg‹‹ŒŒ ]XӁ¦˜a .3,13a-#¿ß“@-Š˜¥-&¦ØŠha(!¾-jkŠ,y^`‡45^h.;^È,]
C!?45#E),BE#%$-!C,13#=1;45,0!$@#8.3@"!C<>,.3,!Cl$o@gf,N$-1313$ ,.ujk,1;45#e45.;,L!?45#ÕÃ
±²³k´'µ?¶>·k¶>¸¬ÊZº Ÿ» Šha
z€KR|tË&#8! K x K { Û Š8‰]G¥-Œ a-\g]Š ¥-\;a;Ž_Š¾]_¦€¦8] ®‡ŒˆŠG‹Œ2ŠhÓ
âz>KR|x z€KR| z>KR|x "K z€KR| z>KR| ±²³k´'µ?¶>·k¶>¸¬ÊZº šÛ Š8‰]G¥-Œ a-\5]LŠ€¦ ¥-\;a;Žg‹(¾]_¦€¦˜a ®‡¨ŒˆŠG‹Œ]
z€KR|t z>K n K:™ | ±²³k´'µ?¶>·k¶>¸¬ÊZºh¹ ŸÛ Š8‰]G¥-Œ a-\5]LŠ€¦ ¥-\;a;Žg‹(¾]_¦€¦˜a ®‡ŒˆŠG‹Œ]
&($ &:$ K { x{ 6x {v
$#
$#
±¾-Š8²‰³k]G¥-´'Œµ?¶>a-·k^G¶>a(¸¬Š€ŒÊZºh—¹¿¥-¹¼‡\;» a?Ž_à \®Š€½-]_\g]‡ŒÅÆ]gÇ \5]gg_ŠG‹Œ]:a-Œ a-¦ØŠ€^`ŠGŽ3a©¾]_¦€¦˜a ®‡ŒˆŠG‹Œ] wŠ€¦Ž_‡¨ŠÀ¥-\;a;Žg‹ ](å ¦˜a¬Ž_‡\®½a
y
2
1
x
−2
−1
1
2
±²³k´'µ?¶>·k¶>¸¬ÊZºh¹ÄšÛ Š8‰]G¥-Œ a-\5]LŠ€¦ ¥-\;a;Žg‹(¾]_¦€¦˜a ®‡ŒˆŠG‹Œ]
z>KR|tË&($ Kex K { K•tw’ v ±²³k´'µ?¶>·k¶>¸¬ÊZºh¹ÊšÛ Š€ß:‹‰_^h\3a-\5]0¦3Å Šh¾]_Œ2^hŠ€^a å
K6t z€KR| K x K ±²³k´'µ?¶>·k¶>¸¬ÊZºh¹?ÙÜÛ Š€ß:‹‰_^h\3a-\5]ŽgÁ2]…Ç2]_\“‹3¥-Œ2ŠâŒ2‡¨ß:]_\5‹Ç2‹‰_Š€^hŠ€½-‹ m ½a-¦8]
m n m{ { _Š8_^]‡Œ aM¾-Š8_‡-¥-‡Ca‰¥-¦ØŠha-Œˆ‰aMŽgÁ2]ߓŠ˜¥-¦ØŠG‹\;aA¦˜aÇ \5]gŽg]3¾]_Œ2^È] ½‰½-]_\5‹ Ð ]g_Š8_^]‡Œ¬Œ2‡ß:]_\5‹“r Ü{6^Ga-¦8]
ŽgÁ2]
m n m{ œrâx m v ±²³k´'µ?¶>·k¶>¸¬ÊZºh¹ÞšÛ Š€ß:‹‰_^h\3a-\5]‹:Žg‹Œ ®‡¨^Ga-\5]O¦˜a‰]G¥-‡¿]_Œ2^]N¾-Š8_‡-¥-‡a‰¥-¦ØŠha-Œˆ‰a
m n "p Ë&#8! m xgp ±²³k´'µ?¶>·k¶>¸¬ÊZºh¹ä ]_\ m v7]p v©¾]>Œ2Šha-ß:‹
›7z m x5p|t n { Û a*Š€ß:†‡C‹‰_a-^`Œ2\;^`a-Š€\5^]aå Žg›7Á2]yz ›7xgp_z |«m x5]å p|«Žg‹]Œ å ®‰\g]_‹ßŒ2^GÇ a \5]Š€¦8Žg]‹ßŽg‹Ç Œ©\5]g¦˜aa(ß:^`\;]3a:¾-ŠhaŠ€¦E¥ß“]gŠ€‹Œ2ß:Š€ß:]_^`‹(\®ŠGŽ3]OaAŠ€¦E]ßa-a\®Š€g^h_ß:Š€ß:]_^`‹“ŠGŽ3^ha:\3a ¾-Š m ]~]~pÃ p
m
m
±²³k´'µ?¶>·k¶>¸¬ÊZºh¹ Û a-^hŠ¾-‡¿]OŒ2‡ß“\®Š\5]3a-¦ØŠ m ]~poßa‰¥‰¥-ŠG‹\®ŠÀ‹‡-¥-‡Ca-¦ØŠUaˆ]_\5‹ Ð ¾]>Œ2Šha-ß:‹
›7z m xgp_|t m nsç p \›75z ‹½xga-p_\5|•]*]å ŽgÁ2Žg‹]NŒ ›7®\5‹z mŒ2xg^Õap_|œŠ€¦8]“å ]‰Žg]_‹ßŒÇ ¦˜\5a(]6ß:Žg‹]3¾-ߊhÇac\5a-]g‰\®Š€‹6^hß:^h\;]_a©^`ŠGŠ€Ž3¦a6ß]a¥g]g_‹Š€ß:ß:‹]_^h\®](ŠGŽ3Š€ac¦ß“¾-Š Š€Œ2Š€ß:]~‹6pÃ ^h\3a m ]Np'à » ^Õa Š€¦ØŠ€\5]o‰]
m
m
{-{
"!
&
&
±1;@².;³k#=43´'43µ?~¶>@·k"¶>¸¬&,ÀÊZºh1;¹ "&(&(\;$ya?)¾-#k‡2)Žg]_^È,…]!kŠ€Œc&_Š€,ß .;#k_‹.3¦ØŠe#=&(¦˜aN#␉Ô;]GŽg¥-‹‡¿Œ]_¥Œ2]_^^`]^h‡¨a \;aO]_¾-\_Šß~‹a‰ˆ¦˜ŠG¾ ‹gŒa]ŽgÓuÁ‰Ö "I"Š€!CŒ #2¾-!ŠGCŽ3a-&(Œ ,¾.3‹0Žg‹$-Œ .3#¿ —¦3Å OŠ€d ŒC,_1;ŠG13]_,ß:.3, ]
Ð
¾-Šâ^`‡^`^hŠUŠŒ2‡¨ß:]_\®ŠÇ \®Š€ß“ŠhÃ
±$¨QU²³kç-vC´'µ?{ ¶># ·k!¶>¸¬"!AÊZºh¹ (d ,13\;13a?,¾-.3‡2,OŽg13]_@^È.3]0#=4;Š€45Œ6o_@Š€-ß &(_,0‹¦ØŠh13Ó -&(&($)#E@C‚#E)#Z45.;,0!C&(,.3#Z.;#8&#G‘
‚Q,Ld #=BZ#5*d C#8@@"B8“!k&,.;(@"!6jC,1;45$C.3".;#8,_4'$Cd Q
±!$'²45³k´'.3µ?$-¶>B8·k#R¶>@¸¬"!CÊZ13º=,Ä @C45#˜+\;#Ua?,0¾-d ‡1;\_,\5&]¬Š€.3ŒÒ,0)_Š€#˜ß+¨#=_13#=‹‚¦ØŠo#8B=,¦˜a ,‰.u]G¥-45‡¿.;,?]_Œ2à ^]ªa ]_\®ßa‰ˆŠG‹Œ]ӟB8$ 13"&&($ )#43.3,•!k&,.3#
±)C#=²+³k#81;´'#8µ?‚¶>#=·kB8,¶>¸¬R,ÊZ. º=ÄE¹ D¿$-B8B=\;"a?.5¾-$‡$'\_B8\5&]7,Š€!¦“‰]G¥-!C‡2]_Œ2)C^È,]•#Z45]_.;Œ2,0‡!ŒCŽ_&(Šha-,^‹-.3#Ó ,0d 13),¬#=+#=B0#=13#8‚C.3#8B8,~)-R4;,45. )CQ #043.3,°!C&(,.3#O!2$'45C.5$-B=#o,d
±,0d ²#=B³k´'.;µ?¨¶>·k)¶>'¸¬4345ÊZoº=Ä¿)ğ#EC» !„Ž_!k\®Š€½-&]_\g,].;Š€Œ6.3$-_Š€lß #="_!2‹$-¦ØŠB=,¦˜a,0Œ)]G,¥?B=B%a‰$ˆŠG.3‹$-Œ)]#8@¾,L]_jk¦¿2‰$-]G¥-)‡¿.3]_$'Œ24g$o^])]_#EŒ2‡!6ŒŽ_!kŠha-&(^ȋ-,Ó .3oI"!2!$'# 43!.5C$'&(B8,?,à .3“.3,$-B8,
{‰ç
Fly UP