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WoW
Unique Water Purification System
No need for filters
TM – WoW Proprietary
th.
March 30 , 2011
Ref: CT/15/2011
Rev. 0
Issue 03-2011
An innovative patented method and technology
in water purification named
“WoW”
Executive summary:
“WoW” is an invented method that is able to purify any kind of polluted water without
any filter.
It eliminates any microbiological element as well as solid and liquid contaminants
concentrating them.
It was originally developed for humanitarian reasons.
A prototype was realized and tested in order to prove method effectiveness.
It is a very simple but efficient, unique and performing technology.
This device is easy to be designed and produced.
This device can be enlarged to a bigger scale and method is scalable to large water
treatment plants. A scaled up device could be quickly engineered and produced.
Invention patent was registered and it is owned by Cross Technology.
We recently performed an harsh test on highly contaminated water.
Measured data about contaminants abatement performance are summarized on
abstract files at Annex (1) and (2).
“WoW” method is more selective and more efficient than other methods/systems.
Annex (2) compares in details “WoW” method and molecular sieves methods.
A very high metals rejection can be observed on abstract files of Annex (1) and (2).
This method could effectively remove all radioactive metals (abatement factor in the
range of 100000-400000) and other substances that may include radioactive
elements.
Physics experts confirmed that, in theory, this method may work even on complex
water contaminated by radioactive elements.
This method could be suitable to effectively remove all radioactive elements from
contaminated water. A specific test could be done with our prototype contaminating
water with non-radioactive isotopes of elements such as Cs, I, Zr, Sr.
Ing. Adriano Marin, Cross Technology S.r.l., Via Friuli n°4, 35020 Villatora di Saonara (PD), Italy, Tel: (+39) 049 8791330
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
Contents of this document and any attachment are property of Cross Technology Srl. These information are confidential and
intended for the use of named recipient('s) only. Therefore it is forbidden the copy and diffusion of the content.
Page 2 of 7
A. Introduction:
A1- Introduction to patented method & technology.
A2- History and scope
A3- Technical description and specifications of working prototype that proved
method.
A4- Simple Technology - Description.
A5- Scalability.
A6- Intellectual property.
A1- Introduction to patented method & technology:
This method has the capacity for purifying and sterilizing any kind of polluted water,
without any filter, obtaining drinkable water. It works selecting and extracting water
among other liquids and solids. The method of selecting water is the invention we
recorded and deposited and this is not correlated to prototype we made or even to its
parts.
It eliminates
• microbiological elements: bacteria, viruses, protozoan, pathogens, parasites
and toxins,
• chemical solid contaminants,
• chemical liquid contaminants,
• and any other water pollution.
It works through a multistage thermal treatment principle and without the aid of any
filter or chemical substances.
It is an unique technological approach. No similar ideas have been developed
before.
Careful check with patent attorney about all existing patents/literature has been done
before patent registration. Result is that our patent is totally new either because it
works without any filter either because it uses standard components.
A2- History and scope:
Idea have been originally developed for dearly important humanitarian reasons.
Original intent was to study and develop a simple, cheap and effective method to
make drinkable water from any kind of polluted water. Main aim was to allow any
user to do small investment for having pure and drinkable water. For this purpose we
realized a prototype, in order to verify invented method functionality.
A3- Technical description and specifications of working prototype that proved
method:
In order to study and test this method, an Electro-mechanical prototype has been
made.
Electrical Power consumption of this prototype is around 800W and it produces 1,2
litres/hour with a very little energy recovery.
Currently parameters of this prototype are:
Ing. Adriano Marin, Cross Technology S.r.l., Via Friuli n°4, 35020 Villatora di Saonara (PD), Italy, Tel: (+39) 049 8791330
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
Contents of this document and any attachment are property of Cross Technology Srl. These information are confidential and
intended for the use of named recipient('s) only. Therefore it is forbidden the copy and diffusion of the content.
Page 3 of 7
800Wh., 1,20 Litres/h, 634Kcal/h meaning 528Kcal/litre (considering 1 kcal = 4,1868
kJ = 0,0012 kW·h; 1KWh = 833Kcal).
This method is scalable. Cost/litre decreases a lot in case this method is used into
large water treatment plants.
Due to method simplicity we verified almost no maintenance is required.
Processing parts have to be only washed after use.
Washing process is not critical. It is not required to be severe while contaminants
remain concentrated.
A4- Simple Technology - Description:
Whole process is a combination of 4 water transformations that enable to potabilize
any kind of contaminated water without any filter.
Contrived water processing method is made by few steps of thermal process. For
some steps of this process we applied existing knowledge and/or theories,
enhancing thermal process phenomena through original techniques and solutions.
For other steps of this process we used existing devices just making them more
selective and performing.
In a few words prototype is realized by simple technology while this method is based
on solid physics theory.
This thermal process could apparently be confused with simple distillation process
because our method contains it. However our method is more complex and we
developed particular solutions in order to solve distillation defects. For instance we
avoid drag factor typical of distillation. Moreover “WoW” thermal process is selective.
A5- Scalability:
Prototype just proved effectiveness of our method. Device can be enlarged to a
bigger scale and method is scalable to large water treatment plants with high water
flow volumes( ≈20 to 5000l/h).
For many reasons the efficiency of a scaled up system could be improved al lot. It
can be also improved even considering alternative energy sources than electric
source. Considering more efficient heating systems, with energy recovery systems,
water treatment cost per litre may change radically.
Finally, considering achievable improved efficiency and alternative heating sources,
treatment cost per water litre can decrease of ~80-85% if applied on a scaled up
treatment system while energy needed per 1 litre could drop off to ~200250Kcal/litre.
A6- Intellectual property:
Invention patent has been registered in Italy on 2009 after patent search survey.
Rights ownership and exploitation are owned by Cross Technology.
Author and inventors are Cross Technology shareholders.
Engineering team is by Cross Technology.
Ing. Adriano Marin, Cross Technology S.r.l., Via Friuli n°4, 35020 Villatora di Saonara (PD), Italy, Tel: (+39) 049 8791330
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
Contents of this document and any attachment are property of Cross Technology Srl. These information are confidential and
intended for the use of named recipient('s) only. Therefore it is forbidden the copy and diffusion of the content.
Page 4 of 7
B. Facts:
B1- Performances data analysis and competitive advantages.
B2- Opportunities and strenghts.
B1- Performances data analysis and competitive advantages:
A multinational company asked us to perform validation test on “WoW” device.
Its technicians and managers directly delivered to us bacteriological and chemical
contaminants to be mixed into water and perform test.
Analysis on purified water were very successful.
Recently an harsher test has been performed in order to understand prototype and
method limits and weak points as well as to improve the device performances.
This test was conceived by a National certified laboratory which tainted some water
with high quantities of dangerous contaminants such us heavy metals (cadmium,
mercury, arsenic, barium, lead etc.) surfactants, aromatic organic compound,
organic halogenated volatile compounds etc..
The same laboratory then tested samples of purified water.
Contaminants were added into water all together therefore our device had to process
and remove all pollutants at the same time. Quantity of contaminants mixed into
water were far beyond the local allowed emission limit fixed and regulated from a
local law regarding drainage of industrial waste water into sewerage system.
Data about contaminants abatement/rejection or selectivity performance that
laboratory measured are summarized on abstract file at Annex (1).
It has to be considered that this test was performed in the worse condition possible.
Moreover sensitivity of used instruments limited test accuracy of low contaminant
quantities present into purified water.
Competitive analysis on “WoW” compared to existing purifying technologies
(Reverse Osmosis Systems used by big and complex plants & systems with multistage filters as well as Reverse Osmosis Systems used by US Army) can be found
on abstract file at Annex (2).
This abstract summarizes relevant data we extracted from laboratory certificates of
chemical analysis.
Original certificates of chemical analysis about polluted water and purified water are
available on demand.
An improvement is under development for ammonia rejection.
B2- Opportunity and strenghts:
Analysing relevant data summarized on abstracts of Annex (1) and (2) it is easy to
evaluate how “WoW” method enhanced water selectivity performances compared to
other systems especially considering that validation test has been performed on
hand made prototype not yet engineered.
Another strength to be pointed out is that our method is scalable and that scaled
up device could be quickly engineered and produced. This device was designed
and realized using standard raw materials. No critical technology has been used
furthermore manufacturing could be quickly done.
Ing. Adriano Marin, Cross Technology S.r.l., Via Friuli n°4, 35020 Villatora di Saonara (PD), Italy, Tel: (+39) 049 8791330
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
Contents of this document and any attachment are property of Cross Technology Srl. These information are confidential and
intended for the use of named recipient('s) only. Therefore it is forbidden the copy and diffusion of the content.
Page 5 of 7
Once again this method is simple, low cost (if considered in proportion to efficiency
obtained by treatment) and it is very efficient on contaminants treatment.
“WoW” method is reliable, strong and resistant.
C. Competitive analysis
C1- Water treatment systems and their effectiveness
C2- Comparison of methods and technology.
C1- Water treatment systems and their effectiveness:
From performances point of view ultrafiltration, nanofiltration and reverse osmosis
(molecular sieves) are all methods similar to each other and are the best
technologies currently available. For this reason we compared “WoW” to these
technologies.
These technologies are able to remove contaminants, even if with not so high
rejection ratio, when molecular size <0.0001 μm.
This means that some contaminants cannot be effectively removed while others are
almost not removed at all.
Here below a list of some key notes regarding molecular sieves methods.
1) High purchasing and maintenance cost.
2) Membranes deteriorate rapidly in the presence of petroleum, oils, lubricants (POL)
and chlorine.
3) If water is too hard, it may form a deposit that requires immediate cleaning to
prevent the development of a pathogens colonization site and to prevent nano
pores clogging.
4) It is not a suitable system for purifying particularly filthy water due to its basic
components sensitivity.
5) It is required a microbiological analysis of water before each intake of purified
water therefore it is often associated with UV purification systems (this is
necessary even in the best mobile available system ROWPU (Reverse Osmosis
Water Purifying Unit); often, in absence of chemical analysis, it is recommended
to use in emergency conditions for 24 to 48 hours only).
For outlined above reasons, Reverse Osmosis systems are vulnerable and not
effective in 100% of cases.
C2- Comparison of methods and technology:
Abstracts files on Annex (1) and (2) show in details chemical/technical data in order
to compare “WoW” method and molecular sieves methods.
Evidences confirmed that “WoW” method is more selective and that contaminant
rejection is more efficient than on other methods/systems.
Ing. Adriano Marin, Cross Technology S.r.l., Via Friuli n°4, 35020 Villatora di Saonara (PD), Italy, Tel: (+39) 049 8791330
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
Contents of this document and any attachment are property of Cross Technology Srl. These information are confidential and
intended for the use of named recipient('s) only. Therefore it is forbidden the copy and diffusion of the content.
Page 6 of 7
D. Specific case
D1- How it could work with radioactive elements.
D2- Nuclear Expert Opinions and Endorsements.
D3- We are available to perform a specific test with some not radioactive key
metals.
D1- How it could work with radioactive elements:
As stated and described above, “WoW” method can reject all relevant contaminants.
A very high rejection about metals can be observed on abstracts files of Annex (1)
and (2). These results were achieved even with heavily polluted liquids.
This method can effectively remove all radioactive metals (abatement factor in the
range of 100000-400000) and other elements that may include radioactive elements
(for instance plankton, bacteria, salts, colloidal suspensions, molecules, etc).
This means that “WoW” method can remove radioactive elements even from a very
complex water, as sea water, avoiding multistage solution.
No difference on behavior can be considered between stable elements and
radioactive elements.
At the same time this method can reject radioactive contaminants concentrating
them into a dense mixture that can be easily drained, collected, stocked and
preserved.
Purified water can be drained without any problem as radioactive elements remain
concentrated inside the device. In this case device has to be studied with particular
solutions for nuclear application.
D2- Expert Opinions and Endorsements:
We consulted nuclear physics experts in order to confirm “WoW” effectiveness on
radioactive contaminants rejection. After checking Annex (1) and (2) experts
confirmed that in theory this method may work even on complex water contaminated
by radioactive elements due to its unique metal abatement performances.
In particular a physicist specialized in applied research on controlled nuclear fusion,
researcher for over 10 years at CNR (Italian National Research Centre) and at ENEA
(Italian National Body for Alternative Energies) highlighted high metals abatement
factor of “WoW” process compared to existing methods.
This performance is essential for purifying water contaminated by nuclear elements.
D3- It is possible to perform a specific test with some key metals.
It is possible to confirm our opinion performing a specific tests with our prototype,
contaminating water with non-radioactive isotopes of elements that are part of decay
chains such as Cs, I, Zr, Sr..
Ing. Adriano Marin, Cross Technology S.r.l., Via Friuli n°4, 35020 Villatora di Saonara (PD), Italy, Tel: (+39) 049 8791330
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
Contents of this document and any attachment are property of Cross Technology Srl. These information are confidential and
intended for the use of named recipient('s) only. Therefore it is forbidden the copy and diffusion of the content.
Page 7 of 7
NOTES:
Invented process could be used also for other applications and aims.
“WoW” method is visibly better than existing treatment methods.
Annex (1) and (2) show that “WoW” process is more efficient than other processes (for instance in
some cases it is even 4 orders of magnitude better than Reverse Osmosis).
ANNEX:
(1) ABSTRACT of WOW Pollutants abatement factors.
(2) ABSTRACT OF WOW POTABILIZATION vs REVERSE OSMOSIS & ROWPU COMPETITIVE
ANALYSIS.
Ing. Adriano Marin, Cross Technology S.r.l., Via Friuli n°4, 35020 Villatora di Saonara (PD), Italy, Tel: (+39) 049 8791330
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
Contents of this document and any attachment are property of Cross Technology Srl. These information are confidential and
intended for the use of named recipient('s) only. Therefore it is forbidden the copy and diffusion of the content.
"WoW" POTABILIZATION EFFICIENCY DATA
as Result of tests dated 12-02-2011
ACQUA CONTAMINATA PRIMA DEL TEST / POLLUTED WATER BEFORE TEST
ACQUA PURIFICATA DOPO IL TEST / DRINKABLE WATER AFTER WOW TEST
LAB. TEST REPORT N. 140344 Rev. 0 09/03/2011
LAB. TEST REPORT N. 140346 Rev. 0 09/03/2011
CONTAMINANTI / POLLUTANTS
pH
Conducibilità elettrica /
electrical conductivity
QUANTITA'
CONTAMINANTI /
POLLUTANTS
QUANTITY
6,90
Tol./
Note
+/-0,1
UNITA' /
UNIT
QUANTITA' MASSIMA
CONSENTITA DAL D.Lo
152/2006 (Allegato 5, Tabella 3) /
MAXIMUM ALLOWED LIMIT AS
PER IT. LAW 152/2006 (Annex 5,
Table 3)
[valori limite di emissione di
acque reflue industriali in
fognatura / emission limit
values for industrial waste
water into sewerage system]
Q.TA' Cont./Q.TA'
Limite -- Q.TY
CONTAMINANTI / POLLUTANTS
Poll./Q.TY Limit
QUANTITA' RESIDUA
CONTAMINANTI /
RESIDUAL POLLUTANTS
QUANTITY
Tol./
Note
UNITA' /
UNIT
QUANTITA' MASSIMA CONTAMINANTI
CONSENTITA PER LA
POTABILIZAZIONE DAL D.Lo 31/2001 /
MAXIMUM ALLOWED CONTAMINANTS
LIMIT FOR PURIFIED WATER AS PER
IT. LAW 31/2001
FATTORE DI ABBATTIMENTO DEI
CONTAMINANTI / POLLUTANTS
ABATEMENT FACTOR
-- come risultato del test / as result of
test
NOTE
NUMERICAL
%
ABATEMENT FACTOR ABATEMENT FACTOR
pH
5,5-9,5
2.228
µS cm-1
N.A.
160,00
mg/l
0,60
267
113,00
mg/l
30,00
4
pH
6,0-9,5
209
µS cm-1
N.A.
Nitriti (NO2) / Nitrites
0,07
mg/l
0,50
2.286
Ammoniaca (NH4)/Ammonia
38,00
mg/l
N.A.
2,97
66,3716814%
1,00
mg/l
250,00
291
99,6563574%
pH
Conducibilità elettrica /
electrical conductivity
8,40
+/-0,1
METALLI / METALS
Nitriti (NO2)/Nitrites
Ammoniaca (NH4)/Ammonia
Cloruri(Cl)/Chlorides
Nitrati(No3)/Nitrates
Solfati(SO4)/Sulfates
Calcio(Ca)/Calcium
Magnesio(Mg)/Magnesium
Sodio(Na)/Sodium
Potassio(K)/Potassium
Bromati/Bromates
Cloriti(ClO2)/Chlorites
Tensioattivi anionici
(M.B.A.S.)/Anionic Surfactant
Arsenico(As)/Arsenic
Bario(Ba)/Barium
Cadmio(Cd)/Cadmium
Cromo Totale(Cr)/Chrome Total
Cromo VI/Chrome VI
Ferro (Fe)/Iron
Mercurio(Hg)/Mercury
Manganese(Mn)/Manganese
Piombo(Pb)/Lead
99,9562500%
291,00
+/-29
mg/l
1200,00
0,2425
Cloruri(Cl)/Chlorides
258,00
+/-41
mg/l
30,00
9
Nitrati(No3)/Nitrates
<
1,00
mg/l
50,00
258
99,6124031%
Solfati(SO4)/Sulfates
<
1,00
mg/l
250,00
261
99,6168582%
mg/l
100,00
113
99,1142604%
+ >
<
1,00
30,40
+/-4,3
mg/l
N.A.
N.A.
Magnesio(Mg)/Magnesium
<
0,50
mg/l
N.A.
61
98,3552632%
189,90
+/-24,7
mg/l
N.A.
N.A.
Sodio(Na)/Sodium
<
0,50
mg/l
200,00
380
99,7367035%
161,60
+/-11,3
mg/l
N.A.
N.A.
Potassio(K)/Potassium
<
0,20
mg/l
N.A.
808
111.988,00
µg/l
25,00
4480
Bromati/Bromates
<
3,00
µg/l
10,00
37.329
99,9973211%
37.014,00
µg/l
N.A.
N.A.
Cloriti(ClO2)/Chlorites
<
100,00
µg/l
N.A.
370
99,7298320%
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
107,00
mg/l
0,20
535
Tensioattivi anionici (M.B.A.S.)/Anionic
Surfactant
<
0,02
mg/l
0,20
5.350
99,9813084%
>>
329.000,00
µg/l
500,00
658
Arsenico(As)/Arsenic
<
1,00
µg/l
10,00
329.000
99,9996960%
360.000,00
µg/l
20000,00
18
31.000,00
µg/l
20,00
1550
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
261,00
+/-31
mg/l
1000,00
0,26
112,90
+/-16,9
mg/l
N.A.
N.A.
Calcio(Ca)/Calcium
257.000,00
Bario(Ba)/Barium
<
5,00
µg/l
1.000,00
72.000
99,9986111%
Cadmio(Cd)/Cadmium
<
0,20
µg/l
5,00
155.000
99,9993548%
99,9945525%
µg/l
4000,00
64
Cromo Totale(Cr)/Chrome Total
<
mg/l
0,20
800
Cromo VI/Chrome VI
<
349.000,00
µg/l
4000,00
87
Ferro (Fe)/Iron
16200
160,00
+/-18
99,8762376%
81.000,00
µg/l
5,00
119.000,00
µg/l
4000,00
30
359.000,00
µg/l
300,00
1197
Piombo(Pb)/Lead
9,00
µg/l
Tot. Val. < 10000µg
N.A.
5,00
µg/l
Tot. Val. < 10000µg
N.A.
4,00
µg/l
Tot. Val. < 10000µg
N.A.
6,00
µg/l
Tot. Val. < 10000µg
N.A.
3,00
µg/l
Tot. Val. < 10000µg
N.A.
1.150,00
µg/l
Tot. Val. < 10000µg
N.A.
Benzene
Etilbenzene
M,p-Xilene
O-xilene
Stirene
Toluene
14,00
0,02
+/-0,005
19,00
Mercurio(Hg)/Mercury
<
0,20
Manganese(Mn)/Manganese
<
5,00
µg/l
50,00
18.357
mg/l
50,00
9.412
99,9893750%
µg/l
200,00
18.368
99,9945559%
1,00
405.000
99,9997531%
µg/l
µg/l
50,00
23.800
99,9957983%
1,00
+/-0,2
µg/l
10,00
359.000
99,9997214%
<
0,3
10,00
30,00
96,6666667%
0,50
µg/l
10,00
10,00
90,0000000%
<
0,50
µg/l
10,00
8,00
87,5000000%
<
0,50
µg/l
10,00
12,00
91,6666667%
<
0,30
***
***
***
***
***
***
µg/l
<
µg/l
10,00
10,00
90,0000000%
µg/l
10,00
1.642,86
99,9391304%
****
****
****
****
µg/l
30,00
270
99,6296296%
µg/l
30,00
6.570
99,9847793%
µg/l
30,00
538
99,8141264%
µg/l
30,00
810
99,8765432%
>>
>>
COMPOSTI ORGANICI AROMATICI / AROMATIC ORGANIC COMPOUND
Benzene
Etilbenzene
M,p-Xilene
O-xilene
Stirene
Toluene
COMPOSTI ORGANICI ALOGENATI VOLATILI / ORGANIC HALOGENATED VOLATILE COMPOUND
Triclorofluorometano/Trichlorofluoro
27,00
µg/l
N.A.
methane
657,00
µg/l
N.A.
Freon
269,00
*/-118
µg/l
N.A.
Cloroformio/Chloroform
Tetracloroetilene/Tetrachloroethylen
81,00
+/-36
µg/l
N.A.
e
COMPOSTI MICROBIOLOGICI / MICROBIOLOGIC COMPOUND
0,70
N.A.
Triclorofluorometano/Trichlorofluorom
ethane
<
0,10
N.A.
Freon
<
0,10
N.A.
N.A.
Cloroformio/Chloroform
Tetracloroetilene/Tetrachloroethylene
<
0,50
<
0,10
1.000.000.000
99,9999999%
Stafilococcus aureus ATCC 9144
1.000.000.000
99,9999999%
Enterococcus faecalis CCM 2541
1.000.000.000
99,9999999%
Escherichia coli NCTC 13167
1.000.000.000
99,9999999%
Virus
1.000.000.000
99,9999999%
Protozoi / Protozoans
1.000.000.000
99,9999999%
Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027
0,00
$$ >>
$$ >>
$$ >>
$$ >>
$$ >>
$$
$
$
$
$
$
$
NOTE
A N N E X (1)
Page 1 of 2
(>)Il valore limite dell'ammoniaca è valido solo in Italia. Negli altri paesi non esiste alcun valore limite / Allowed limit for ammonia in valid in Italy country only. In other countries there is no
limit value.
(>>)Fattore di abbattimento minimo misurato con questo teste e correlato alla sensibilità dello strumento: il fattore di abbattimento reale può risultare molto maggiore /
Minimum abatement factor measured with this test and correlated to sensitivity of instrument: real abatement factor could be much better.
(+)E' in corso una modifica a WOW per aumentare il fattore di abbattimento mediante strippaggio ad aria / An improvement is in progress in order to increase ammonia
abatement stripping it by air insufflation.
(***)Limite valore totale composti aromatici < 10µg / Total allowed limit for aromatic compound is < 10µg
(****)Limite valore totale dei Trialometani totali < 30µg / Total allowed limit fot total Trihalomethanes compound is < 30µg
($)Valore di abbattimento microbiologico misurato in precedenti test / Microbiological abatement measured and verifed on previous tests
($$)Valore di abbattimento "worst case"; realmente WoW è in grado di offrire un abbattimento molto superiore / Abatement value worst case; really WoW is able
to guarantee an abatment value much better.
A N N E X (1)
Page 2 of 2
WOW vs REVERSE OSMOSIS & ROWPU
COMPETITIVE ANALYSIS
as Result of WOW tests dated 12-02-11
TEST REFERENCE: LAB. TEST REPORT N. 140346 & 140344 Rev. 0 09/03/2011
MULTI STAGE
WOW
CONTAMINANTI / POLLUTANTS
FATTORE DI ABBATTIMENTO
DEI CONTAMINANTI /
POLLUTANTS ABATEMENT
FACTOR -- come risultato del
test / as result of test
NUMERICAL
ABATEMENT FACTOR
NOTE
%
ABATEMENT
FACTOR
FATTORE DI
REVERSE OSMOSIS
MIGLIORAMENTO
FATTORE DI
FATTORE
DI ABBATTIMENTO MIGLIORAMENTO
DI WOW vs
DEI CONTAMINANTI /
REVERSE
DI WOW vs ROWPU
POLLUTANTS ABATEMENT
OSMOSIS /
/ IMPROVEMENT
IMPROVEMENT FACTOR -- come risultato del FACTOR OF WOW
test / as result of test
FACTOR OF WOW
vs REVERSE
[ Biblio. 1) & 3) ]
vs REVERSE
OSMOSIS
OSMOSIS
NUMERICAL
%
ABATEMENT
FACTOR
NUMERICAL ABATEMENT FACTOR
ABATEMENT
FACTOR
METALLI / METALS
Nitriti (NO2)/Nitrites
Ammoniaca (NH4)/Ammonia
Cloruri(Cl)/Chlorides
Nitrati(No3)/Nitrates
Solfati(SO4)/Sulfates
Calcio(Ca)/Calcium
Magnesio(Mg)/Magnesium
Sodio(Na)/Sodium
Potassio(K)/Potassium
Bromati/Bromates
Cloriti(ClO2)/Chlorites
Tensioattivi anionici
(M.B.A.S.)/Anionic Surfactant
Arsenico(As)/Arsenic
Bario(Ba)/Barium
Cadmio(Cd)/Cadmium
Cromo Totale(Cr)/Chrome Total
Cromo VI/Chrome VI
Ferro (Fe)/Iron
Mercurio(Hg)/Mercury
Manganese(Mn)/Manganese
Piombo(Pb)/Lead
600-GPH ROWPU
(US. Army: main used water purifier)
FATTORE DI ABBATTIMENTO DEI
CONTAMINANTI / POLLUTANTS
ABATEMENT FACTOR -- come risultato
del test / as result of test
[ Biblio. 2) ]
%
ABATEMENT
FACTOR
Range
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
2.285,71
2,97
291,00
258,00
261,00
112,90
60,80
379,80
808,00
37.329,33
370,14
99,9562500%
66,3716814%
99,6563574%
99,6124031%
99,6168582%
99,1142604%
98,3552632%
99,7367035%
99,8762376%
99,9973211%
99,7298320%
>+
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
114,29
0,09
0,29
5,16
2,61
3,32
1,79
3,80
35,13
1.493,17
3,70
~
>
~
~
~
~
20,00
34,00
1.000,00
50,00
100,00
34,00
34,00
100,00
23,00
25,00
100,00
95,0000000%
97,0588235%
99,9000000%
98,0000000%
99,0000000%
97,0588235%
97,0588235%
99,0000000%
95,6521739%
96,0000000%
99,0000000%
67,23
?
5,82
17,20
?
?
1,22
7,60
?
?
?
~
34,00
97,0588235%
~
~
50,00
15,00
98,0000000%
93,3333333%
~
~
50,00
50,00
98,0000000%
98,0000000%
~
~
~
100,00
99,0000000%
25,00
96,0000000%
34,00
97,0588235%
~
2,25
55,5555556%
~
34,00
97,0588235%
>
5.350,00
99,9813084%
>>
157,35
~
34,00
97,0588235%
?
>
>
329.000,00
72.000,00
155.000,00
99,9996960%
99,9986111%
99,9993548%
97,0588235%
97,0588235%
97,0588235%
?
?
1.550,00
18.357,14
99,9945525%
34,00
97,0588235%
734,29
>
9.411,76
18.368,42
405.000,00
23.800,00
359.000,00
99,9893750%
99,9945559%
99,9997531%
99,9957983%
99,9997214%
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
34,00
34,00
34,00
>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
9.676,47
2.117,65
4.558,82
34,00
34,00
34,00
34,00
34,00
97,0588235%
97,0588235%
97,0588235%
97,0588235%
97,0588235%
276,82
?
180.000,00
?
10.558,82
33,78%
20,00
6,67
5,33
8,00
6,67
1,64
1,50
1,50
1,50
1,50
1,50
1.000,00
33,3333333%
33,3333333%
33,3333333%
33,3333333%
33,3333333%
99,9000000%
20,00
6,67
5,33
8,00
6,67
1.095,24
15-50%
15-50%
15-50%
15-50%
15-50%
15-50%
~
~
~
~
~
~
1,50
1,50
1,50
1,50
1,50
1,50
33,3333333%
33,3333333%
33,3333333%
33,3333333%
33,3333333%
33,3333333%
3,00
66,6666667%
3,00
3,00
66,6666667%
66,6666667%
2,00
50,0000000%
1.000,00
99,9000000%
>
>
>
>
>>
>>
539,92
276,82
540,25
11.911,76
700,00
10.558,82
COMPOSTI ORGANICI AROMATICI / AROMATIC ORGANIC COMPOUND
Benzene
Etilbenzene
M,p-Xilene
O-xilene
Stirene
Toluene
>
>
>
>
>
30,00
10,00
8,00
12,00
10,00
1.642,86
96,6666667%
90,0000000%
87,5000000%
91,6666667%
90,0000000%
99,9391304%
£
£
£
£
£
$$
$$
$$
$$
$$
COMPOSTI ORGANICI ALOGENATI VOLATILI / ORGANIC HALOGENATED VOLATILE COMPOUND
Triclorofluorometano/Trichlorofluor
>
270,00
99,6296296%
omethane
>
6.570,00
99,9847793%
Freon
>
538,00
99,8141264%
Cloroformio/Chloroform
Tetracloroetilene/Tetrachloroethyle
>
810,00
99,8765432%
ne
£
£
£
£
$$
$$
$$
$$
180,00
1,50
33,3333333%
90,00
50-80%
4.380,00
358,67
1,50
1,50
33,3333333%
33,3333333%
2.190,00
179,33
50-80%
50-80%
540,00
1,50
33,3333333%
405,00
15-90%
~
~
~
~
1.000,00
99,9000000%
1.000.000,00
?
?
BATTERI, PROTOZOI, FUNGUS, VIRUS, TOSSINE ECC. / BACTERIA, PROTOZHOAN, FUNGUS, VIRUSES, TOXINS ETC.
QUALSIASI / ANY
1.000.000.000,00
99,9999999%
$
1.000.000,00
>
NOTE:
-I dati relativi al fattore di abbattimento dell'Osmosi Inversa sopra riportati sono legati a grandi impianti complessi con filtri a multi stadio / The abatement factors of the Reverse Osmosis
above listed related to big and complex plants & systems with multi-stage filters.
-I dati relativi al fattore di abbattimento dell'Osmosi Inversa sono dati non stabili e talvolta incerti./The abatement factor of the Reverse Osmosis data are not stable and sometimes uncertain.
A N N E X (2)
Page 1 of 2
-Alcune sostanze disciolte nell'acqua non possono essere rimosse da sistemi ad Osmosi Inversa./Some substances dissolved in water can not be removed by Reverse Osmosis systems.
-Il test di Wow si riferisce ad un worst case dato che i livelli di contaminazione degli inquinanti sono assai elevati (molto oltre i limiti di legge delle acque di scarico) e i contaminanti
sono stati provati tutti assieme./ Wow test is in a worst case condition since the contamination levels of pollutants are very high (well beyond the legal limits of wastewater) and contaminants
are present all together.
Il simbolo "?" indica, per mancanza di informazioni, un dato non certo ma presunto / The symbol "?" indicates, due to lack of information, certainly not a given data but presumed data.
(£)Dato non dichiarato. I sistemi a Reverse Osmosis non possono eliminare tali contaminanti. Quindi tali dati si riferiscono ad un filtraggo con carboni attivi / Data not declared.
Reverse Osmosis systems cannot reject these contaminants. So these data are referred to a filter with activated carbons. [BIBLIOGRAFIA / BIBLIOGRAPHY 1) & 3)]
(>)Il valore limite dell'ammoniaca è valido solo in Italia. Negli altri paesi non esiste alcun valore limite / Allowed limit for ammonia in valid in Italy country only. In other countries there
is no limit value. [Drinking Water Contaminants US EPA; European_standards_for_drinking-water; Maximum Contaminant Levels - Safe Drinking Water Act]
(>>)Fattore di abbattimento minimo misurato con questo test e correlato alla sensibilità dello strumento: il fattore di abbattimento reale può risultare molto maggiore /
Minimum abatment factor measured with this test and correlated to sensitivity of instrument: real abatement factor could be much better.
(+)E' in corso una modifica a WOW per aumentare il fattore di abbattimento mediante strippaggio ad aria / An improvement is in progress in order to increase ammonia
abatement stripping it by air insufflation.
($)Valore di abbattimento microbiologico misurato in precedenti test / Microbiological abatement measured and verifed on previous tests
($$)Valore di abbattimento "worst case"; realmente WoW è in grado di offrire un abbattimento molto superiore / Abatement value worst case; really WoW is able
to guarantee an abatment value much better.
BIBLIOGRAFIA / BIBLIOGRAPHY:
1) Reverse Osmosis RO Water Filters GUIDE by
http://www.reverse-osmosis-water-filter-guide.com/reverse-osmosis-ro-water-filter-systems.html
2) ROWPU tbmed577.pdf by
www-nehc.med.navy.mil/downloads/prevmed/Drinking_Water_RA.pdf or http://armypubs.army.mil/med/dr_pubs/dr_a/pdf/tbmed577.pdf
3) Capacità di adsorbimento Carboni Attivi -- SNF FLOEGER GROUP - Prohibited disclosure and for internal use only.pdf ( Absorption capacity of activated carbons by SNF )
Date: 08-03-2011
A N N E X (2)
Revision: 0
Issue: 01-2011
Page 2 of 2