TRE CHIODI PER UNA CROCE Piergiorgio Odifreddi Settembre
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TRE CHIODI PER UNA CROCE Piergiorgio Odifreddi Settembre
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YC-I=?G,N<Cf@K\5:U[ '( $/%#9( ( # %# #.$ GM>BA <E@K\6: :Z >B=5 G,X5X5=?G :Z >BA+L@&=D:ME+I:@K\5: HP,WC-=?@K\6:Z ¼ \GYA5Ef;+=DJ=DIIC W5GM<J=DEE@&@K=D\6W5:<Z =DCf>B=;+=6G,X5A5X5E=?G,G E5=DN<=DI,GZ :_Z >BA+L@&=D:ME+I:H@K\5: : . fP8W:MJf=DF GM;+<=DJ=DEI@KICH\6:_Z >BA >B=Y G,X5: X5 =?G :^Z >BA+L@&=D:ME+I:L@K\5: . <PWC-=?@K\6:Z \G^A5E GW5M<J=DEE@&@K=D\6W5:<Z =DCf>B=;+=6G,X5A5X5E=?G,G E5=D N<=DI,G+Z g !:_Z >BA+L@&=D:ME+I:H@K\5: : . $PW:MJ$=DF G->BIKGHG,FDFDC-JKGf@K\5:'V-FD=jC-JK;+=DE5=6W:MJK>BC-EG,FD=;+= ¼ : >B=?G,E5CH=8>B:MV-A5:ME+I=S[ : . . . S l 3 E , G D F I J < : W , G J C D F U : P ? F _ G D F D = X M : J , I ^ G Z + ; = C 5 W D = 5 E D = C 5 E ^ : < : Z d 5 E _ : ^ G B > _ : B > I , : > > + G < [ ? F _ G B > + C & @ D = M : , I _ G Z 5 W 8 A C Z =D=DE+EQS;+G,=DIT+I=?=;+A5G,FC5P+NL:'G-W5>>BA8=DC<N<Z G,CfE:,;5>G,>BJc:MJ@&:$C-T+E+=DIEJCH@&C-G,F?G,FDFDIK:'G<W5GHJ:&IQR:M:ME5J:M:ME5JcOM@&:cC-E+;+I=8CL@&=?;+G-:M>FD@&FDA5:$E_W5G,J:&FDIQRJ:MC5J:Mg E5OM:$;+=8A5Eb>BC-FDC $-%#9( $ $/% ( ( # *( ( % *( %# % % #?$ % E $ % $ E % $/% ( % ( % /% % $ ' 9W5jJG^:&QR;+:M:MJN<:ME5C+OM@&:HJKG,=DEOM;+=?G<=DT+E5=?;+C-AEeG,>BFD=1==DFDE=DN<A5=DIKEeG<C-@&JKC-;+NH=DE5A5:LEaU@&C-A5FD:HFD:MG^II=D;+TU=?C5@K\5[$=?:,G,>JK>G,G_J:<W5;+J:M=1ITU:MEC-FD;+:M:<JfG,>B=DEE+@KI\5:M:_I=DOM;+O,=1G,QSJG,:fJFDFDC: N<;+:M:,FDFD;+:<=?G,:ME+FDI:M:OM=DTUC-C-E5IK=1G,NLOM=DC-G,E5V-V-=SPU=DC-@KJ\5=D:YIKG,>BJW=D:,:U>P>BE5C<:M]SFDG-FD:<;HTU:,C->B:MIKG,N<OMW5=DC-=DE5CY=E5W:M=5G,JJF?:&G,QR:MN<J:M:MEE+IK;+G,A5JN^=SP P,CE5C:M&=j`'>BW5:,@&JC-:MEE;+;+C-=5E5IA5CbJE5F?G = QRC-JNLlSELGfaU;+A5=6:,>>B@&I:MCfFDIK@MG'G-QR>BJKCHGH>B;+=jA5A:$>G$G,FD=DIN<:MJW5EFD=?G,@&I=D=DIKTUG,:UNHg :&E+I:A5E<wjr&n?o Mn wjn?q<mUn8mUn wv&o5m+v&oUuMt<mUt MqSq5P >XB:,G-@&>BC-:$EG,;+FDCLFD:c@&W5A5J=6:&F?QRGH:MJ>:M@&E5:MOMFD:'IKGH;+;+:MV-:MFDFD=jF?Gf=DE>B;+C+=D@&T+=D:M=?;+I,G$A5Z =QRJKJGH=?>BW;+:MA5I:fICHG,FDG-I;L:MJ:,E>G,>BI:U=DgTU:'lSE_T+=DG,:MFDE5IJ:c:cQSWG,IG,IKJG<C-FD>B:UC-P FDIKG,E+I>BCHA =DE : lSEe;+=DWaU:MA5E:,;+>BI:$:L>B@&C-C-FDIKEG,;+E+=DIOMC<=DC-;5E5G,=SP6=6=T-G,W5JJ= C-X5FD8:MN<>BA =1;+:M: FDF?G_H;+g :MN<C+@&JKG,OM=?GL;+=DTU:ME+IKG,E5C_G,E@&C-JKG_W5=A Z V-JKGMT+=Sg # ' !) !,- 06v Mt y qUo5q n?tn1wjr&n?o Mn wjncmUn +o5tUo5n?sfn t3 vLmUn mUn wv&o5m+v&oUuMtLmUt Mq Sq 2v |t |n &v&r t< mUn1q&wjn?o5n?qUo4v 3t |qUrtLv n Bv +o^mUn St SqUrKCv 6 B,,B 88RR 1³U-£¨|¡K¦5>¨ =,£&|¨S¡& ,§Y| ,§&|ª|§&¥M¡K¦5ª¡K¦~¥MB¤&³ 6K~ 8,~&BRR~ :5RBR³5¸¹&º,¸&» 9 0 0# ( 9 $ * ?( ) 1 C6 *$ 1 C E B > ? = + ; M : J ? = , G < N L C + ; 5 A < : , G D F I M : J E , G I D = U T : : 5 E C E D = E + ; | = j i M : J M : + E I 8 = W M : J F?: GfH>BC+P5@&W=D:M:MI,JYG+Z C-P+V-IKE5G,=FD=8=DE@&=D;+C5=D:'Z T+=?@K;+\5A5: C >B=GMT+J:MC X5X:'C $gzU:cE5:,NL>>BG A5E5C<GMTU:,>>B:c]S@&A5=DC5E_:Z ;+=DJ=DIICf'>BA `KPC N<>BAe=DE;+G,=1J:,:>FS>BhNL:UC-[fJKG ;+@&=DC-E5E:c>B>B=?C+;+@&:M=?JG,=?G,FD]S:cN<@&=D>BCLC5A :Z G,#FDFDC-: JKGLF?:'ZfG_>B`K>BA+g'=DLI{8A@&G,:M=DOMJc:M=DE+C-F?G<IE5:Y:H;+>B=DW=DWEe:,:M@&E@&=|A5dj;+=:M@ME5G,@&JO,=?:YG-G<>V-@&;5FDA5=G,EbF1C-JKTU=D;+EC-=DI;+E5C5=D=jT+Pj=D=?WE;+:M;+A5J'=DCLT+;+=?\;+:MGLAI:MG,F?JBFDG k = W5IA5J:&IIQR:M=5JGM:MTUE5:MO,JG:=DF?EGc;+>B=DIT+:,=?>;+>AGcG,W5FD:J:&@KQR\5:MJ::M;+E5:MO,IG+:MP,JWN<:M=DJKE@KG1\6:A5Z EfE5C-C-E<JK;+>B=D=+E5W5:A8>BC$Z C+@&GM=?TUG,:MFD:J:@&@&C-C-E+E+IJKI:MG,N<J=DC5WgC-1JKG,>E5>B=:,G,;+N<:MTU:MC-E+E5IC : : G$aUA5:,>BI$CH[fT-GfaUA5@&=DC-EE+;+I=JCHG-;b=DFj:,W5>BJ:M=DN<E@&W5=DW5=DC_=DCf>B=;+=6\A5G EG,E5=DN<=DI,G+Z g W:MJ$C-V-E5==DE;+=DT+=?;+A5CL: $ + P L N Y 5 A E U a 5 A U : P W M : 1 J C V 5 E = & @ C 5 W 5 W ? = ' G + ; 5 = , G D F I M : J E , G I D = U T : 5 E C H E D = E + ; | = j i M : J M : + E I U = W M : 1 J ? F c G B > + C & @ D = M : , I c G Z + ; M : U T : :,NL>B=?G->B>I>B:M=DJN<:fCA5A5EbEf=DE=DE;+;+=DT+=DT+=?;+=?;+A5A5CLC@KW5\5A8:$C$Z \GMGLTU:MA5JEb:;+;+:M=D=5J=D;+II=DJC_=DI>BIA=S[j;+W=:MJ:,>C->BV-:UE5gH=^@&C-G+W5P6W5W=?Gc:MJc;+=+=DFIKG,IFD:M=5C-G,JFD:MINL:MJG EG,¼ IP8=DTUG,: F :fA5Z ELG,FD;+FDC-=DIJKIKG<G,I>BC-:MJN<:UW5P+WJ:':MJKFD@KC \6:'Z B:cvZ FSh q<A5E5=D=?E@&;+C$=DT+G-=?;L;+A5GMC<TU:MG-J;^:Y;+GM=DTUJ:M=DIJI:f=SPU;+:Y=DJFD=D=II\=8Gf>BAb>BA<;+C-=8V-:,E5>=j>B:UWg CU>>B=DV-X5FD==DFD:':HZ @&aUC-A5W5=DEW5;+=?G = ;+=8G,FDI:MJEG,I=DTU:cE5C-E^>BC+@&=?G,FDN<:ME+I:Y=DE;+=|ij:MJ:ME+I=Sg A5=DE;+=5=DF+IKG,E;+:MN ;+:MFDF?GYFD=DX:MJI,GcZ ;+=+C-W5=DE5=DC-E5:Y:Y;+:MF+N<:,@M@MG,E5=?>BN<C;+:MFDF?GYTUC-IKG,OM=DC,k E5E5:U:MFDP$FSh C+@K\5@M:@&=?;+>B:M:ME+NHIX5:UJP-:M\JGf:MX5FD:'X:bJA5@MC-G,IJK:$G,IX5IA:M@MJG,=DOMIO,:UG,[1JFD:b:'F?;+G3:,@&;+=?>B:M=DN<C-E5C+=8@&JK>BG,C+OM@&=?=?GG,FD=6@&C-J= N<:M:bII:,C->E5>CHG3FDT+:c=D:MW5E5J:&:^QR:M=DJE+:MIE5:,OM>G: ;+=6A5E5C<>BC-FDC<;+:MV-FD=j=DE;+=DT+=?;+A5=SPU:$>B:MN<W5J:';+:MFDFDCf>BI:,>>BC5g Y l>B=j;+G,A5E5:$E5=?I;5:MG,C-E5J:MCfN<;+=j=D:MW5IJJ:,C'@&=j:,;+;+:M=?>E+@&IC-=8JK;+>B=jC,T+>BA5J:MFDF?X5G'X;+:M:MJCHN<V-C+=B@&G<Z JKG,GMOMTU=?:MG+JcP-NL@&C-GYFDW5TU=DC-IC<V-FD=?GfG,N<N<C'C-J;5IG,:'JFD:'FDC-dJC'E5OMA5=DE<C-E5@&=C-@KFDW\5C : =c;+G,='=8>B:MV-WV-JKG,V-G,J=cOMI=?=DE5G+I='g:MFD=DFDE#:LA5:MX:,FD>BG-:MIK>BOMGf:e=DC-TUE5G,C-=S='FDP1IKTUGH>BC-=?G@&I=6=fG,=D]RE+='C,IT+@&:MT+C-J:,FD=?FDG,>:MN<>BV-:M=:MJ:ME+:MN<IFD:M:_C$II:M;+C-E+JK:MIG,F6JKFDG,N<=NH=DC+E3X5;+=CHX='G-=DE^>BW5:bJ@&C-A5G,X5FD=6F?FDG^TU:MN<:MWE5=cC-V-WC->B='E5C-F?C<WG,OMC-;+=DE5=?C->BV-E5IC-J:UE5=DPcX5C#A5@K\5=D=DIE : = A5@&C+E;+GH=|dj:M@MFD:MG,OMI=D:'C-E5E5:U:MP+FDFDA5:cE5FDCH:MV-W5V-J=6=D:MNLFD:MGfII;+C-:MJKF6G,TUFD=RC-`KIg CH:$FSh~G,FDIJCH;+C-WC5Pj:$FD:$>BC-FDA5OM=DC-E5=G-;+C-IIKG,I:H>BC-E5C I>B=?C-GfJ=8:,{8C<aUC-A=?;+@KG+=6\6P5:TUZ :,C-=D>F5IK>G,GHE+E+A5;+IN<=SC,P5T+:MF?J,JGHGHCcZ ;+;+GM=DT+:MT+=jTU=?>B:M>B=D:ME5C-V-=DE5JV-:':c=6E5:Y>BZ :,C-C,@&E^T+C-T+E>=?G,;+G,J,CHN<GHZ A5:M=DE_E_E+IwjV-:1:Mr&N<E5n?o :MC-MnJFD:'IwjCcA5n?qL=DE_E+mUQRE+:MnA5Jwj=DN<C-rJq&:M:Yw5JC$qUG,rF=DuME+E+n?IA5qU:Mo5N<Jt C5:M|g nJCct ;+[8<==DF6E:MFDE+@K:M\6A+IB:Zkk N<;+A5:M:fJC$G,W5;+W5=jJ>BCU:M>V->BV-=D=6NLG-G,>OM>B=D:MC-V-E5E=6G,=DIE+C<I:MG-J;H:fA5]RWEL:M@&JcC-;+FDFD=|:MQRV-:M=DIC'IC5CHPG-CH;HWA5:ME<JY:,W@MG,@&J:,I>=D>BIC+Cf`;+;+C,:MT+F6J,G'E+Z A5:,N<>>B:M:MJJC$:cA5JKG,EOMG$=DC-;+E:MG,FDFDFD:: @K\5:c>B=jC-II=D:ME5:';5G,FDF?G$;+=DT+=?>B=DC-E5:Ug1zU:'G-;H:,>B:MN<W5=DC'=6>B:MV-V-=6;5Gf;+=?>BIJ=DX5A5=DJ:c>BC-E5C ¼ $:,; & 1 $ )$-%#9( "( ( %'.$ 1( %#'$ %#( ( *( $ %#?$ %#.$ $ $ $ ( " 1( *$ %'( "$ %#'( "( %#( ?( *$ %'( %#9$ > %#9$ A5;+A5E_E@&aUC-A5FDFD:':MV-:,=D>C'>B:M\JG$: A5ELC I:MgJOMCf;+:MFDF?G'WC-WC-F?G,OM=DC-E5:UP=6>B:MV-V-=6G-;<:,>>BC<G->>B:MV-EG,I=8;+C,T+JKG,E5E5C F _ M : + E I J c : ? F $ G 5 W J C W C J M O D = C E , G D F D = , I $ G Z J D = V A , G K J 5 ; f G ? 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