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6. Subito!
€ € € € Da dove e quando a qui e subito! € € H2IT Marieke Reijalt € Seminar TF € arly Markets Milano 7 aprile 2008 € H2IT, Associazione Italiana Idrogeno e Celle a Combustibile Contenuti 1. H2IT 2. Definizione 3. Dove - le prime infrastrutture in Europa; - le prospettive per Italia; 4. Quando - prospettive sulle tecnologie per produrre H2 5. Qui - da dove cominciare - catene industriali di valore - prezzi 6. Subito! - JTI; - Programmi nazionali - H2IT Piano di azione 2008 H2IT, Associazione Italiana Idrogeno e Celle a Combustibile H2IT - L’associazione Italiana Idrogeno e Celle a Combustibile Nasce come Associazione nel 2004 e fa parte della FAST, Federazione Associazioni Scientifiche e Tecniche a Milano. Si propone di: essere un portavoce per gli attori che operano nel settore; promuovere le attività sull’idrogeno a livello nazionale; facilitare lo sviluppo delle infrastrutture per l’idrogeno stabilire forte collegamenti alle iniziative internazionali H2IT, Associazione Italiana Idrogeno e Celle a Combustibile H2IT - L’associazione Italiana Idrogeno e Celle a Combustibile Obiettivi principali per 2008: Facilitare la rinascita della piattaforma nazionale; Sostegno alla JTI; facilitare partecipazione italiana; Facilitare entrata italiana nel Hydrogen Bus Alliance; Supporto allo sviluppo locale; miscela, centri logistici; Partner in progetti europei importanti come coordinatore dei WP Dissemination: 6Pq: Hyapproval, H2Training, HYPER; H2IT Roadshow 2008 visita il sito: www.h2it.org/roadshow; Preparazione di un Roadmap verso il WorldExpo 2015. H2IT, Associazione Italiana Idrogeno e Celle a Combustibile Definizione Early Markets : IG Business Development and Early Markets (HFP) - On site hydrogen supply systems for small service vehicles; - FC systems and hydrogen storage components for back up power of off grid antenna installations; - Fuel cell systems for cogeneration of condominiums, hotels and hospitals; - Small service vehicles as forklift trucks, airport trolleys, transport on big fairgrounds; H2IT, Associazione Italiana Idrogeno e Celle a Combustibile Dove? Hydrogen deployment in 3 phases (Hyways) Phase Vehicles EUwide Regional spread of H2 use Phase I (lighthouse projects, precommercial phase) 10,000 Some large-scale demonstration “first user centres” in Europe (LHPs) Phase II (early commercialisation) 10,000500,000 app. 2-5 “early user centres” per country** (10-25% of population totally, emerging simultaneously). Potentially furthermore a network of transit roads for commuters out of the early user centers and between them (considered by various deployment scenarios, representing focus on private cars or captive fleets) Phase III (full commercialisation) >500,000 Step 1: 500,000 Step 2: 4 mill. Step 3: 16 mill. Extension of existing user centres and development of new hydrogen regions; dense network installed by 2030; vehicles EU-wide: one distributed and one concentrated users deployment scenario in all steps H2IT, Associazione Italiana Idrogeno e Celle a Combustibile Dove? Distributed users Hydrogen deployment map Italy Concentrated users H2IT, Associazione Italiana Idrogeno e Celle a Combustibile Dove? Hydrogen intensity map – Phase II (10,000 cars EU-wide)[GWh/(a km2)]?“ High penetration - Distributed users - Early networkd Low penetration - Concentrated users – Late network 1,000 vehicles 1,000 vehicles 21% of population 21% of population 188 fuelling stations 94 fuelling stations H2IT, Associazione Italiana Idrogeno e Celle a Combustibile Dove? Hydrogen intensity map - Phase III-3 (16 mill cars EUwide) [GWh/(a km2)]? High penetration - Distributed users - Early network 2.7 mill vehicles (8%) 100% of population 5900 fuelling stations Low penetration - Concentrated users – Late network 2.7 mill vehicles (8%) 85% of population 4400 fuelling stations H2IT, Associazione Italiana Idrogeno e Celle a Combustibile Quando? Produzione di H2 CCS + (gasification/ reforming) Demo Early commercial Commercial 2011 +/-2015 +/- 2020 Coal gasification with biomass cofeeding Bio-gasification Bio-gas reforming (small scale) Electrolysis large scale, using renewable electricity Electrolysis small scale, renewable electricity 2007 +/- 2008 +/- 2014 +/- 2018 2006 +/-2013 +/-2018 2008 2003 +/- 2010 +/- 2016 Application Comments •Shell Pernis (NL), • Capture cost with RCI R’dam (NL), gasification is much lower, RWE Cologne (G) than for reforming •Nuon, Buggenum • Buggenum coal gasification plant (NL) power plant can use up to 3 0% of biomass as feedstock •Freiburg (G), Choren, •Gussing (A) • Beta plant being constructed; syngas supplied to Fisher-Trops reactor, 15 KT/yr Bio-fuel=4 KT/yr H2) •Hynor (Norway) • Biomethane as feedstock ( land fills, Agriculture) • Gas impurity bad for catalyst, Discontinuous process issue •Sote Vento (Es), • Large scale electrolysis is used Gaz Naturel (120 for production of Chlorine, only m3, 250 kg/day) appropriate when renewable electricity is abundant •Statoilhydro • Reliability of the electrolyser (ly Hamburg, Reykjavik H2IT, Associazione Italiana Idrogeno e Celle a Combustibile Quando? Hydrogen delivery mechanisms both to the fuelling station and the vehicle Demo Early commercial Commercia l Fuelling Station High Pressure Hydrogen Supply 2003 +/-2010 2015 •many • Robustness of components • Safety • Underground systems Fuelling Station Liquid Hydrogen Supply 2003 +/- 2012 +/- 2020 •Berlin • Robustness of components • Safety • Underground systems High Pressure Hydrogen (700bar+) 2005 +/-2013 +/- 2015 •Marl, Berlin (’09) • Composite storage, higher pressures, more robust components and processes Hydrides 2005 +/-2013 +/-2020 •HyChain •some off road niche vehicles • Continued development of hydride mix Pipeline 2020 +/-2025 +/- 2025 •- Liquid Hydrogen 2025 2030 •- • Urban pipelines required Cost reduction for installation and maintenance of safety vs NG • New LHY cycles, larger production trains, production integration with other processes, storage / component enhancements Application Comments H2IT, Associazione Italiana Idrogeno e Celle a Combustibile1 1 Qui! H2IT, Associazione Italiana Idrogeno e Celle a Combustibile Qui! H2IT, Associazione Italiana Idrogeno e Celle a Combustibile Qui! 1. Stazioni di servizi esistenti. 2. Centri logistici: 1. elevatori, 2. trasferimenti ai veicoli servizi piccoli a bassi emissioni, taxi e bus; 3. sistemi di back up power. 3. Parchi eolici: California: 80.000 MW in attesa, mancanza capacità sufficiente della rete; Giappone: NEDO, National Energy Development Agency stoccaggio prerequisito per lo sviluppo del eolico in Giappone; Ungeria: problemi tecnici con connessioni; H2IT, Associazione Italiana Idrogeno e Celle a Combustibile Qui!: Rete Automotive fonte: Bocconi 2006 H2IT, Associazione Italiana Idrogeno e Celle a Combustibile Subito! prospettive FCV in 2008 Honda, Takeo Fukui, Sole 24ore, 28-02-08: “Nell’estate 2008 in Usa e in autunno in Giappone comincia la commercializzare della FCX Clarity.” Mercedes, Dieter Zetsche, Motorshow Ginevra 07-03-08: In 2010 inizia modesta della produzione di massa della B-Class: verso 2014-15, arrivano i modelli “distinctive, economically competitive fuel-cell, 100,000 a year.” Fiat: Frankfurt Motorshow Fiat Aria primo modello a combustione interna alimentato dalla miscela H2 (30%V)/CNG: decine di Aria in Lombardia e Piemonte H2IT, Associazione Italiana Idrogeno e Celle a Combustibile Subito!: sviluppare catene industriali di valore Industrial Sectors Residues of organic material Recycling of primary and secondary materials Residues of inorganic material Technology Bridges Fermentation Product Bridges Natural gas and other gases Pyrolysis, gassification Hydrogen rich gas Cogeneration Microturbines Electrical Generation Metallurgic ovens Equipment manufacturing Printing machinery Engines, filters and other components Combustion engines Vehicles Surface treatment Printed material Metal membranes semi porous materials Filters Support for metal membranes and semi porous materials Photo catalyctic surface treatment Surface treatment Air purifiers Vernices Sinteration Metallurgic processes Thermal treatment Hot air treatment Other smart materials H IT, Associazione Italiana 2 Metal powders Idrogeno e Celle a Combustibile Reducters Resistent materials Subito!: i prezzi AGIP Francoforte: idrogeno a €8 al kg Valori H2: Con 1,5 kg H2 si fa 100km ; 0.089 kg/ Nm3 3 kWh/Nm3 H2 H2IT, Associazione Italiana Idrogeno e Celle a Combustibile Hydrogen production mix and specific hydrogen costs at the pump (Hyways) Produced hydrogen [GWh] 20,000 10.0 ct/kWh 13.34 ct/kWh 12.4 ct/kWh NUCLEAR EL 18,000 COORIDOR 16,000 BYPRODUCT 14,000 12,000 10,000 Coal or biomass or mix of coal & biomas gasification WIND OFFSHORE WIND ONSHORE BIOMASS ONSITE BIOMASS CENTRAL ELECTROLYSIS CENTRAL ELECTROLYSIS ONSITE HARD COAL 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000 WASTE LINGITE CCS 24.9 ct/kWh 20.5 ct/kWh 19.6 ct/kWh HARD Coal CCS 0 USER CENTRES 2017 2017 2017 2027 Concentrated User Early Network Bounds 20%LH2 Concentrated User Early Network Bounds 0%LH2 Concentrated User Early Network NoBounds 0%LH2 Concentrated User Early Network Bounds 20%LH2 2027 2027 SMR Central CCS Concentrated Concentrated SMR Onsite User Early User Early Network Network SMR Central Bounds NoBounds H2IT, Associazione Italiana 0%LH2Idrogeno 0%LH2 e Celle a Combustibile Subito!: i prezzi, powertrain costs (Hyways) Spec. additional costs / savings* of a FCV compared to conventional vehicle Drivers: Additional cost Internalisation of CO2 fuel 0 €/t Hydrogen Wind Cost Savings 70 €/t CO2 NG 100 $/bbl 25 $/bbl Crude oil CO2 Hydrogen drive system Moderate PR Max cost differences: * (w/o tax) 6 Max additional cost 3 0 3 6 Optimistic PR* 9 c/km Max savings H2IT, Associazione Italiana Idrogeno e Celle a Combustibile Subito!: Iniziativa tecnologica congiunta JTI 1. JOINT TECHNOLOGY INITIATIVE proposal without further delay: the most effective instruments for concentrating industry effort & funding over the whole innovation chain; 2. LIGHTHOUSE DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS including public procurement enhance current demonstration projects towards commercialization; 3. PUBLIC PROCUREMENT & BUYERS’ POOLS – example: MOU Joint Public Procurement of H2 buses by European Cities and Regions (5 October 06); 4. STRATEGIC PROCUREMENT APPROACH for start-ups (pre- commercialization phase): include H2&FC in the current EC public procurement legislation. H2IT, Associazione Italiana Idrogeno e Celle a Combustibile Subito! Iniziativa tecnologica congiunta JTI (2) 5. REMOVE REGULATORARY BARRIERS, harmonize CODES & STANDARDS internationally – example: EC Regulation on H2 vehicles; 6. FINANCING INSTRUMENTS: specific approaches for SMEs, but also a need for new financing approaches, based on equity investments to address the specific needs of independent private developers H2IT, Associazione Italiana Idrogeno e Celle a Combustibile Subito! Implementation Plan IDA 4 Early Markets Action reference Action number Action focus 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Portable Micro-FCs EM 1 EM EM EM EM EM 2 3 4 5 6 7 EM EM EM EM 8 9 10 EM 11 EM EM EM EM EM EM 12 13 14 15 16 17 EM EM EM 18 19 20 EM 21 EM EM EM EM 22 23 24 25 EM EM EM 26 27 28 EM 30 EM EM EM EM EM EM EM EM EM EM EM EM EM EM EM 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 State of the art technology System development Basic R&D General Diagnostic tools System modelling Reduction of complexity Reformer Reformer Improvement of performances Demonstration Alpha testing Product development & demo Portable generators, Back-up power, UPS State of the art technology System development Basic R&D General Diagnostic tools System modelling Reduction of complexity Reformer Demonstration Improvement of performances Alpha testing Product development & demo Specialist vehicles State of the art technology System development General Diagnostic tools System modelling Reduction of complexity Improvement of performances Alpha testing Product development & demo By-product H2 Power Generation State of the art technology System development General Diagnostic tools System modelling Reduction of complexity Improvement of performances Demonstration Pilot Alpha testing Product development & demo From research to market - Developing a healthy Demonstration Building the Market - Stimulating and Meeting Early Creating Peace of Mind - Developing and Getting the numbers right - socio-economics modelling H2IT, Associazione Italiana Idrogeno e Celle a Combustibile 2013 Subito! Iniziativa tecnologica congiunta JTI - Budget Operational Resources Breakdown 2008-2013 EC Contribution (in M€) 120.0 100.0 80.0 106.800 90.100 70.300 73.800 80.900 IDA 3 IDA 2 60.0 40.0 IDA 4 28.100 IDA 1 EC Contribution 20.0 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Timeframe H2IT, Associazione Italiana Idrogeno e Celle a Combustibile Subito!: Finanziamenti nazionali 1. Industria 2015: per efficienza energetica 200 mln per 11 area di cui area a4 ) riferisce a - celle a combustibile di 3 e 30 kW; - accumulo d’idrogeno; - termine dal 30 aprile a 30 giugno 2008; - max. €15 mln per l’intero progetto, max €5 mln/partner 2. Finanziaria 2008: € 10 mln per la piattaforma nazionale per le tecnologie d’idrogeno e le tecnologie collegate (incl. la miscela). H2IT, Associazione Italiana Idrogeno e Celle a Combustibile Subito! Azioni H2IT - Facilitare informazioni diretti sull’avanzamento JTI; - Creazione di un attività di verifica delle possibilità per il WorldExpo 2015 a Milano; - Facilitare alleanze con iniziative internazionali : Hydrogen Bus Alliance; Contact: Marieke Reijalt www.h2it.org [email protected] Tel direct +39 340 7914751 H2IT, Associazione Italiana Idrogeno e Celle a Combustibile