Morini-Lezioni_1

Storia delle Istituzioni Americane
- una prospettiva culturale –
dott. Marco Morini
Struttura del Corso
• 10 lezioni (19 ottobre-24 novembre)
1: mercoledì 19/10: 17-19 (aula E1 Magistero – settore Aula Magna, Via Saffi)
2: giovedì 20/10: 11-13 (aula Blu Economia – Palazzo Battiferri, Via Saffi)
3: mercoledì 26/10: 17-19 (aula E1 Magistero)
4: giovedì 27/10: 11-13 (aula Blu Economia)
5: mercoledì 2/11: 17-19 (aula E1 Magistero)
6: mercoledì 9/11: 17-19 (aula E1 Magistero)
7: giovedì 10/11: 11-13 (aula Blu Economia)
8: mercoledì 16/11: 17-19 (aula E1 Magistero)
9: giovedì 17/11: 11-13 (aula Blu Economia)
10: giovedì 24/11: 11-13 (aula Blu Economia)
Ricevimento: giovedì dalle 13 alle 14 – Piazza Rinascimento 7 – studio prof.ssa Calanchi
Testo suggerito:
Tonello, F. (2010). La Costituzione degli Stati Uniti. Milano: Bruno Mondadori.
Esame. per frequentanti: paper (su argomento da concordare con il docente) oppure
esame orale
Per non frequentanti: libro Tonello – esame orale
Email: [email protected]
Contenuti generali del corso
• Storia degli Stati Uniti ( 1776-1787)
• Costituzione (“making of”, esegesi)
• “Conoscere le istituzioni attraverso la
Costituzione”
• Congresso, Presidenza, Corte Suprema
• Contesto culturale
• Meccanismi politici - emendamenti
Letture consigliate
• Bonazzi, T. (2003). “Introduzione” in Bonazzi, T. (a cura di) La
Dichiarazione d’Indipendenza degli Stati Uniti d’America (p. 11-62).
Venezia: Marsilio.
• McKay, D. (2005). “US Legislators and their Constituents” in McKay,
D. American Politics and Society (p. 129-145). Malden, MA:
Blackwell (6. edizione).
• McKay, D. (2001). “Congress as Policy-maker” in McKay, D.
American Politics and Society (p. 146-168). Malden, MA: Blackwell
(5. edizione).
• McKay, D. (2001). “Presidential Power” in McKay, D. American
Politics and Society (p. 170-202). Malden, MA: Blackwell (5.
edizione).
• McKay, D. (2005). “The Supreme Court and Judicial Politics” in
McKay, D. American Politics and Society (p. 243-268). Malden, MA:
Blackwell (6. edizione).
• Testi, A. (1992). “Ascesa e declino del partito di massa: il caso
storico degli Stati Uniti”, in Calise, M. (a cura di) Come cambiano i
partiti (p. 45-60). Bologna: Il Mulino.
Lezione 1
• Lipset, S. M. (1979). The First New Nation.
The United States in Historical and
Comparative Perspective. New York:
Norton.
• Tocqueville, A. (ed. 2003). Democracy in
America. London: Penguin.
Bandiera delle prime 13 colonie
Primi insediamenti
3 livelli amministrativi
• Township (municipality): select men (1 anno) – potere esecutivo.
Assemblea pubblica
• Contea – amministrazione della Giustizia – “make townships comply
with rules”. Magistrati della Contea nominati dal Governatore dello
Stato. Dirimere I conflitti Township-Stato
• Stato: Senato (selezione dei “civil servants” e in alcuni casi
copartecipazione al potere giudiziario). Camera (congresso) ~
stesso potere, ma i suoi membri in carica per 1 solo anno. (senatori
termine più lungo). Congressmen eletti direttamente, mentre i
senatori sono eletti dai “select men”. Il potere esecutivo è del
governatore (1-2 anni), “Commander-in Chief”. Potere di veto
sull’assemblea.
Dichiarazione d’Indipendenza
(II sentence)
• “We hold these truths to be self-evident,
that all men are created equal, that they
are endowed by their Creator with certain
unalienable Rights, that among these are
Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness”.
Articles of the Confederation
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1. Establishes the name of the confederation: "The United States of America."
2. Asserts the equality of the separate states with the confederation government.
3. Does not call the United States of America a "nation" or "government," but instead says, "The
said States hereby severally enter into a firm league of friendship with each other, for their
common defense, the security of their liberties, and their mutual and general welfare, binding
themselves to assist each other, against all force offered to, or attacks made upon them, or any of
them, on account of religion, sovereignty, trade, or any other pretense whatever."
4. Establishes freedom of movement – anyone could pass freely between the states, excluding
"paupers, vagabonds, and fugitives from justice." All people are entitled to the rights established
by the state into which he travels. If a crime is committed in one state and the perpetrator flees to
another state, he will be extradited to and tried in the state in which the crime was committed.
5. Allocates one vote in the Congress of the Confederation to each state, which was entitled to a
delegation of between two and seven members. Members of Congress were appointed by state
legislatures. Also, individuals could not serve more than three out of any six years.
6. Only the central government was allowed to conduct foreign relations and to declare war. No
states could have navies or standing armies, or engage in war, without permission of Congress
(although the existence of state militias is encouraged).
7. Whenever an army is raised for common defense, colonels and military ranks below colonel will
be named by the state legislatures.
8. Expenditures by the United States of America will be paid by funds raised by state legislatures,
and apportioned to the states based on the real property values of each.
9. Defines the powers of the United States of America: to declare war, to set weights and
measures (including coins), and for Congress to serve as a final court for disputes between states.
10. Defines a Committee of the States to be a government when Congress is not in session.
11. Requires nine states to approve the admission of a new state into the confederacy.
12. Reaffirms that the Confederation accepts war debt incurred by Congress before the existence
of the Articles.
13. Declares that the Articles are perpetual, and can only be altered by approval of Congress with
ratification by all the state legislatures.
Altre letture:
• Bonazzi, T. (2003). “Introduzione” in Bonazzi, T.
(a cura di) La Dichiarazione d’Indipendenza
degli Stati Uniti d’America (p. 11-62). Venezia:
Marsilio.
• Tonello, F. (2010). La Costituzione degli Stati
Uniti. Milano: Bruno Mondadori.
• Lipset, S. M. (1979). The First New Nation. The
United States in Historical and Comparative
Perspective. New York: Norton.
Country
Monarchies/
Parliamentary System
Semi-Presidential
System
United States
Australia
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Austria
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Belgium
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Brazil
Canada
Presidential
System
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Costa Rica
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Finland
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France
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Germany
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Ireland
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Israel
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Italy
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Japan
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New Zealand
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Poland
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Romania
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Spain
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Sweden
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South Africa
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Switzerland
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United Kingdom
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Country
United
States
Australia
Belgium
Brazil
Canada
Germany
India
South
Africa
Switzerland
United
Kingdom
Federalism
Presidentia
lism
“Strong”
“Strong”
Bicameralis Constitutio
m
nal control
First-pastthe post
Distorsione rappresentativa del
Senato
• 17 stati meno popolati: Alaska, Arkansas, Delaware,
Hawaii, Idaho, Maine, Montana, Nebraska, N.Dakota, Nevada, N.Mexico,
(20,1m
persone): 6,6% House, 34 Senatori.
R.Island, S.Dakota, Utah, Vermont, W.Virginia, Wyoming
• California (36,8m): 12,1% House, 2
Senatori.
Dibattito sulla schiavitù
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Impedire l’importazione di schiavi dall’Africa
Rappresentazione degli Stati alla Camera
Schiavi fuggitivi
3/5 degli schiavi inclusi nel censimento
Commercio degli schiavi autorizzato per 20 anni
Cattura e riconsegna ai padroni degli schiavi
fuggiti
• Altri stati introdussero la schiavitù
Costituzione Americana (struttura)
- Preamble: Statement of purpose
- Article One: Legislative Power
- Article Two: Executive power
- Article Three: Judicial power
- Article Four: States' powers and limits
- Article Five: Amendments
- Article Six: Federal power
- Article Seven: Ratification
- Amendments:
– The Bill of Rights (Amendments 1 to 10)
– Subsequent amendments (11 to 27)