Leonardo Testi

Atacama Large Millimeter Array
• 64x12m Antennas
• Frequency range 30-1000 GHz
(0.3-10mm)
• 14km max baseline (<10mas)
• ALMA Compact Array (short
spacing and total power)
1. Detecting CO and [C II] in a Milky Way galaxy at z=3 in less than
24 hours of observation
2. To map dust emission and gas kinematics in protoplanetary disks
3. The ability to provide high-quality and high resolution imaging in
the millimeter and submillimeter bands to match that of HST and
ground-based AO-equipped telescopes
Leonardo Testi, INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, ALMA
Alma sensitivity
• Observing thermal sources, there is no point having
angular resolution without sensitivity to low brightness
temperature
• Alma allows 30 K rms with 30 mas res. at 1mm
Leonardo Testi, INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, ALMA
Red shifted CII and OI lines
CO at z=6.4
is already seen
• With ALMA one will see the fine structure lines of
CII(157 micron) and O I(63 micron) (for z> 2 (CII) and
z>5(OI)), so one can measure the cooling directly.
Leonardo Testi, INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, ALMA
ALMA Site
Leonardo Testi, INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, ALMA
Trasparenza Atmosferica
Leonardo Testi, INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, ALMA
ALMA Receivers
★ Japanese contribution all telescopes plus ACA
★ EC funded 8 receivers ALMA-Herschel sinergy
Leonardo Testi, INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, ALMA
ALMA Receivers
Band 3 (“3mm”)
Band 7 (“850μm”)
Band 6 (“1mm”)
Band 9 (“450μm”)
Leonardo Testi, INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, ALMA
Milky Way galaxy at high redshift
Leonardo Testi, INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, ALMA
ALMA Compact Array
• ACA è il contributo più rilevante portato dal Giappone,
assieme alle bande 4, 8 e 10.
Leonardo Testi, INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, ALMA
Leonardo Testi, INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, ALMA
Leonardo Testi, INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, ALMA
Comparing CO and optical image
 The “Antennae”
• Antennae Galaxy (HST and OVRO)
HST optical image
HST optical image + CO contours
(CO : Wilson et al. 2000)
(HST: Whitmore et al. 1999)
36th Liège International Astrophysical Colloquium: From Optical to Millimetric Interferometry
Extragalactic Observations with ALMA
Leonardo Testi, INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, ALMA
Project schedule towards ES
Leonardo Testi, INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, ALMA
Science Operations Plan
Leonardo Testi, INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, ALMA
ALMA SW: Expectation for Early Science
• Observation Preparation
– All modes offered to the users will be supported from the Novice to the
Expert levels.
– At the very beginning of Early Science, the Novice mode behaviour will be
mostly based on expectation from simulation and initial testing rather
than on a solid experience with ALMA
• Science Pipeline
– Not available to the users for Early Science (it will be in the
heuristics “learnig phase”)
• Offline Data Reduction Package (AIPS++)
– All modes offered will have been fully tested and supported
– No Graphical User Interface will be available for Early science
– A solid well tested User Interface and scripting language based on Python
will be available
Leonardo Testi, INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, ALMA
Ruolo degli ARC – Core Functions
Leonardo Testi, INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, ALMA
Ruolo degli ARC – Science Support Functions
Leonardo Testi, INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, ALMA
Struttura degli ARC
Leonardo Testi, INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, ALMA
Euro ARC
Leonardo Testi, INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, ALMA
Risposte alla Call di ESO per ARC Nodes
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Germania (UniBonn, MPIfR, UniKoeln, UniBochum)
IRAM (Francia, Germania-MPG, Spagna)
Italia (INAF-Istituto di Radioastronomia)
Paesi Bassi (Leiden, + probabilmente Belgio)
NORDIC-Onsala (Svezia, Danimarca, Finlandia, +…)
UK (Jodrell, Edinburgh, Cambridge, +…)
(Portogallo & Svizzera)
• Ogni nodo fornisce servizi di base e servizi
specializzati (per tutta la comunità Europea)
Leonardo Testi, INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, ALMA
Where is italian mm astronomy
• Disadvantaged rel. to IRAM countries but with interest in
certain areas
• Quite a few “theoretical groups” (esp. Cosmology)
• Stellar (circumstellar) groups absent
Leonardo Testi, INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, ALMA