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Technical Solutions for NEMO PROJECT
R. Papaleo
Villa OLMO, 15-19 October 2001
The detection of high energy neutrinos of astrophysical origin is one of the major
challenges for coming years in astroparticle physics.
It is widely accepted that only a underwater cherenkov detector of 1 km3 scale could
identify the astrophysical sources of these neutrinos.
The NEMO Collaborations has carried out in the past three years an R&D project aimed
at:
1. Selection and characterization of an deep sea site for the deployment of the km3
detector in the Mediterranean Sea.
2. A feasibility study for the km3 detector in cooperation with leading companies in
submarine and engineering and operations.
We have evaluated several solution for:
•
•
•
•
•
Layout of the telescope
Mechanical structure
Data transmission system
Power distribution
Deployment of the telescope
NEMO Collaboration List
INFN:
CNR:
Bari, Bologna, Cagliari, Catania, Genova, LNF, LNS, Messina,
Roma
Istituto di Oceanografia Fisica di La Spezia
Istituto di Biologia del Mare di Venezia
Istituto Talassografico di Messina
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia
Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e Geofisica Sperimentale
Marina Militare Italiana
Fondazione “Ugo Bordoni”
Università:
Bari, Bologna, Cagliari, Catania, Genova, Messina,
Roma “La Sapienza”
R. Papaleo
Villa Olmo – October 15-19, 2001
Sites studied by the NEMO collaboration:
35 50’ N, 16 10’ E (3350m) Mar Jonio (Capo Passero)
39 05’ N, 13 20’ E (3400m) Mar Tirreno (Ustica))
39 05’ N, 14 20’ E (3400m) Mar Tirreno (Alicudi)
40 40’ N, 12 45’ E (3500m) Mar Tirreno (Ponza)
R. Papaleo
Villa Olmo – October 15-19, 2001
The Capo Passero region
Three sites explored
KM2 36°10’ N 16°19’E, depth 3350m
KM3 36°30’ N 15°50’E, depth 3345m
KM3
KM4 36°19’N, 16°04’E, depth 3341m
KM4
100 Km
R. Papaleo
Villa Olmo – October 15-19, 2001
KM2
Summary of NEMO
deep sea exploration
The preliminary results show that Capo Passero site has
all the required characteristics for the installation of a km3
detector:
• it is close to the coast (~ 80 km)
• depth it is ~ 3300 m
• the measured currents intensities are low and regular
(<10 cm/s)
• the light transmission length is ~60 m
• the biological activity and the sedimentation rate are low
• it is close to existing infrastructure (LNS-INFN)
R. Papaleo
Villa Olmo – October 15-19, 2001
NEMO PROJECT
SHORE STATION
ELECTRO OPTICAL CABLE
R. Papaleo
Villa Olmo – October 15-19, 2001
Layout
 64
STRINGS and/or TOWERS
8
ROWS
8
COLUMNS
 200m
Distance between ROWS
 200m
Distance between COLUMNS
8
JUNCTION BOXES
8
BRANCHING UNITS
 100 km ELECTRO OPTICAL CABLE FROM SHORE
 4096
OPTICAL MODULES
Upper View
R. Papaleo
Villa Olmo – October 15-19, 2001
Electro Optical Cable
Electrical wire
Nexans is a leading company in the field of telecom underwater
cables.
Main characteristics of the EOC:
•Length
•Power load
•Optical fibers
100 km
80 kW
48
They have evaluated different solutions (mechanical and electrical
aspects, complete cable designs, cable cost,manufacture time, ..):
Optical fibers
AC voltage
•AC voltage
•DC voltage – monopolar system (sea return)
•DC voltage – bipolar system (cable return)
In order to make a qualified decision of what power system to
implement for the NEMO project, It is necessary to perform an
evaluation of the complete power system, including cable,
transformers, AC/DC converters, rectifiers, the required voltage
stability, etc …
DC voltage – bipolar system
R. Papaleo
Villa Olmo – October 15-19, 2001
NEMO structure
Connections
Length of the connection cables JB - string
View of a telescope row
String
•100 m
•300 m
•500 m
•700 m
Jumper JB - String
Jumper JB - JB
Branching unit
Junction Box
Jumper JB - BU
Branching unit
R. Papaleo
Villa Olmo – October 15-19, 2001
Underwater Connectors and Jumpers
Wet-mateable hybrid
[optical / electrical]
Ocean Design is a leading company in the manufacture
of underwater wet matable connectors, JB – JB jumper
and JB – BU jumpers.
Mate up to 8 optical fibers and/or electrical
circuits underwater. Available in ROV, manual
and stab-plate versions with single and/or multimode optical fiber. In a single connector, multiple
channels allow for higher fiber count,
maintenance flexibility and expansion.
Specification
•100 mate cycles without refurbishment
•< 0.5 dB attenuation/optical contact
•10 amps at 1,000 volts electrical circuit
•10,000 psi operation,
•80 lbs mating force for ROV format
R. Papaleo
Villa Olmo – October 15-19, 2001
STRING a la ANTARES
Height
16
Distance between the string
base and the first plane
150 m
Distance between planes
40 m
Optical module for plane
4
Total number of optical
modules in a string
64
Material
Ti
150 m
750 m
Planes number
750 m
R. Papaleo
Villa Olmo – October 15-19, 2001
Optical Module Frame
String base
TOWER a la NEMO
750 m
Number of planes
16
Distance between the BSS and the first plane
150 m
Plane length
20 m
Distance between planes
40 m
Optical modules in each plane
4
Optical modules in each tower
64
Material
Ti or composite
Electro optical cable
Beam
Electronic module
Optical Module
R. Papaleo
Villa Olmo – October 15-19, 2001
750 m
Total height
POWER DISTRIBUTION
It has been evaluated, in collaboration with the University of Catania – Research
Group of Electric System, different solutions for the power distribution:
1. Single cable JB-tower base, single cable tower base- tower
plane (1JB-1TP);
2. Single cable JB-tower base, single cable tower base- tower
plane with transformer at the tower base (1JB-TR-1TP) ;
3. Single cable JB-tower base, 16 cables tower base – tower
plane (1JB-16TP);
4. Single cable JB-tower base, 16 cables tower base – tower
plane (1JB-16TP), with transformer (1JB-TR-16TP).
Gruppo di Ricerca di Sistemi Elettrici per l’Energia Università degli Studi di
Catania
G. Tina
R. Cocimano
R. Papaleo
CASO
1JB-1PT
1JB-TR-1PT
Tower plane
Transformer
=

=

=

=
LOAD
0
LOAD
1
LOAD
2
LOAD
16

JB
ROV Connector
Junction box
G. Tina
R. Cocimano
R. Papaleo
Base of the
tower
Gruppo di Ricerca di Sistemi Elettrici per l’Energia Università degli Studi di
Catania
CASO
1JB-16PT
1JB-TR-16PT

JB
=
LOAD
0
G. Tina
R. Cocimano
R. Papaleo

=
LOAD
1

=
LOAD
2

=
LOAD
16
Gruppo di Ricerca di Sistemi Elettrici per l’Energia Università degli Studi di
Catania
Power load on a tower plane
Centralina

PMT
PMT
G. Tina
R. Cocimano
R. Papaleo
=
PMT
sensors
PMT
Gruppo di Ricerca di Sistemi Elettrici per l’Energia Università degli Studi di
Catania
G. Tina
R. Cocimano
R. Papaleo
G. Tina
R. Cocimano
R. Papaleo
DATA TRANSMISSION SYSTEM
ALCATEL
proposed
a
data
transmission system according to NEMO
specifications.
STM 1
Main characteristics :
• Standard communication system;
• Redundancy system;
• High MTBF;
• High transmission rate (8 output line @ 20 Gbps)
• Low power consume (< 500 W each string and/or tower)
One module for each plane of
the string.This Optical Module
(S-1.1) will be used as
Electrical/Optical
converter
within the customer equipment
in both sides, under sea and in
the landing station.
1660 SM
R. Papaleo
Villa Olmo – October 15-19, 2001
One module for each tower of
the detector. Each 1660SM will
collect all the data coming from
the 16 STM 1 of the string. The
module will be closed inside a
small Junction Box at the base
of the string.
TRANSMISSIOM SYSTEM
Underwater detector station
1
57
17
9
1
Note:
1
58
18
10
2
59
19
11
3
60
20
12
4
2
32
3
64xSTM-16 Main
16
• Redundancy system;
• Auto configuration of the
system in case of
malfunctions;
• The Sea station is the specular
of the Landing station.
48
4
61
21
13
5
62
22
14
6
1
1660SM – string and/or tower
64
1686WM – junction box
1
63
23
15
5
7
16
24
16
6
8
32
7
48
8
16xSTM-1
R. Papaleo
Villa Olmo – October 15-19, 2001
64
64xSTM-16 Spare
64
The 1686WM equipments are
used to concentrate 16xSTM16 channel to one lambda
(DWDM technology).
4x1686WM are necessary to
carry the main traffic and other
four to carry the protection.
TRANSMISSIOM SYSTEM
General Scheme
NEMO
Spare
STM-1
1660SM
1686WM
100 Km.
1686WM
1660SM
Main
STM-1
Ring Structure
SHORE
R. Papaleo
Villa Olmo – October 15-19, 2001
TRANSMISSIOM SYSTEM
LANDING station
Landing Station
8x1686WM (they are the equivalent
of the 8 junction Boxes)
From Sea
1024xSTM-1
(they are the equivalent of the 1024 planes of
the telescope)
64x1660SM (they are the equivalent of the
NMS
R. Papaleo
Villa Olmo – October 15-19, 2001
64 strings and/or towers of the telescope)
TEST SITE LAB at Port of Catania
Catania
Port
LNS
Test site Laboratory
R. Papaleo
Villa Olmo – October 15-19, 2001
TEST SITE LAB at Port of Catania
Long term tests for:
underwater connections, electronics, mechanical structures,
optical and acoustic detectors.
Multidisciplinary laboratory
GEOSTAR – POSEIDON on line underwater seismic station
LABORATORY
UNDERWATER
STATION
R. Papaleo
Villa Olmo – October 15-19, 2001
LABORATORY at the PORT of CATANIA
R. Papaleo
Villa Olmo – October 15-19, 2001
LABORATORY at the PORT of CATANIA
Cable Entrance
R. Papaleo
Villa Olmo – October 15-19, 2001
TEST SITE CABLE LAYOUT
Drop cable 2 - 5.220 m
2.330 m of Double Armed Cable
JB
JB
20.595 m of Single Armed Cable
BU
JB
Drop cable 1 - 5.000 m
Cable features:
• 10 Optics Fiber standard ITU- T G-652
• 6 Electrical Conductors  4 mm2
R. Papaleo
Villa Olmo – October 15-19, 2001
BRANCHING UNIT
R. Papaleo
Villa Olmo – October 15-19, 2001
CABLE IN THE VESSEL ON THE SHIP
R. Papaleo
Villa Olmo – October 15-19, 2001
Cable on the ship
R. Papaleo
Electric connections
Villa Olmo – October 15-19, 2001
Deployment of a joint
Fiber optic connections
Deployment of the branching unit
LNS Cable
GEOSTAR Cable
R. Papaleo
Villa Olmo – October 15-19, 2001
Deployment of the joint of the main cable
Buoys on the cable
Shielded cable
R. Papaleo
Villa Olmo – October 15-19, 2001