Presentazione di PowerPoint

ISTITUTO NAZIONALE DI GEOFISICA
E VULCANOLOGIA
MONITORING ITALIAN VOLCANOES
BY NOAA–AVHRR SATELLITE DATA
C. Spinetti, M. F. Buongiorno, S. Amici, M. Silvestri,
V.Lombardo, M. Musacchio, F. Doumaz, S. Corradini
Picture Courtesy of B. Behncke
ISTITUTO NAZIONALE DI GEOFISICA
E VULCANOLOGIA
INGV REMOTE SENSING GROUP HAS BEEN ACTIVE
IN THE LAST 15 YEARS IN DEVELOPING ALGORITHM TO MEASURE
GEOPHYSICAL PARAMETERS RELATED TO VOLCANIC ACTIVITIES
ISTITUTO NAZIONALE DI GEOFISICA
E VULCANOLOGIA
Satellite Receiving Station INGV NOAA TeraScan
• Antenna swath area 2000 km * 2000 km
•Daily and nightly detection of
Thermal anomalies
Ash cloud and plumes
• 4-6 pass day 3 satellites
NOAA 15-17-18
• NOAA-AVHRR data
- Apparent reflectance, Brightness
temperature and spectral radiance
- 5 channels, 1.1 km Nadir spatial
resolution
AVHRR
NOAA 12, 14, 15, 18
Ch 1 (VIS)
0.58-0.68 m
Ch 2 (NIR)
0.725-1.1 m
Ch 3 (MIR)
3.55-3.9 m
Ch 4 (TIR)
10.3-11.3 m
Ch 5 (TIR)
11.4-12.4 m
NOAA 17
1.58-1.64 m
ISTITUTO NAZIONALE DI GEOFISICA
E VULCANOLOGIA
STRUCTURE
AVO system
AVHotRR system
Storage
ADA system
DPC dedicate web
AVO system
ISTITUTO NAZIONALE DI GEOFISICA
E VULCANOLOGIA
Etna
Stromboli
Collaboration
with the Alaska
Volcano
Observatory
Vulcano
Vesuvio
ISTITUTO NAZIONALE DI GEOFISICA
E VULCANOLOGIA
Hot spot detection
ISTITUTO NAZIONALE DI GEOFISICA
E VULCANOLOGIA
Temporal evolution of
brightness temperature
Ch 3
Ch 4
ISTITUTO NAZIONALE DI GEOFISICA
E VULCANOLOGIA
Hotspot detection tested during
2006 Mt. Etna eruption
Alarm Correctness
- Works well on night hotspots
Almost 100% effective at > 25°C contrast
- False alarms due to sunrise
High-contrast sunlit peaks, clouds
- False alarms due to pixel noise
Hotspot detection noise filter
ISTITUTO NAZIONALE DI GEOFISICA
E VULCANOLOGIA
Automatic routine
for lava flow effusion rate estimation
ISTITUTO NAZIONALE DI GEOFISICA
E VULCANOLOGIA
Activity Report via E-mail
Agreement with HIGP
ISTITUTO NAZIONALE DI GEOFISICA
E VULCANOLOGIA
AVHRR Data Stream
ISTITUTO NAZIONALE DI GEOFISICA
E VULCANOLOGIA
Automated (MODVOLC-Based) Hot Pixel Detection
(1) Detection of hot spot trips on Etna
trips automated email notice
Subject:
GOES notice for etna
From:
Thermal Hotspot Algorithm
Date:
Sat, 5 Jul 2008 05:20:33 -1000
To:
Distribution List
(2) Links to automated image quick look products
HOT
RGB
B1
KEY
Current Directory: /data/goes/etna
Current File: 05jul081159et
Area: etna 160 127 10 10
Alarm Probability: -0.8 Total Probability: -0.7
Fires
Images:
05jul081159et.b1
05jul081159et.rgb
05jul081159et.hot
05jul081159et.prob
05jul081159et.key
(3) Operator Analysis of Raw Data
(i) Image checked by operator for quality/cloud conditions
(ii) Target & background band 4 radiances extracted for all hot
lava-containing pixels.
(iii) Calculate lava area using a 2-component mixture model
(with hot component Temperature range of 100 to 500 °C)
(Harris et al., 1997)
Effusion rates
ISTITUTO NAZIONALE DI GEOFISICA
E VULCANOLOGIA
Rates derived from MODIS
data (ModVolc)
Rates estimated
from AVHRR data
(AVHotRR)
ISTITUTO NAZIONALE DI GEOFISICA
E VULCANOLOGIA
Comparison
between maximun
and minimun Rates
estimated from
AVHRR data
(AVHotRR) Rates
derived from
MODIS data
(ModVolc)
ISTITUTO NAZIONALE DI GEOFISICA
E VULCANOLOGIA
Volcanic Ash Detection ADA
Based on the different absorption between
TIR channels around 11 and 12 m
[Prata, 1989; Wen and Rose, 1994]
Exctinction coefficient Simulation
- Refract index
-Effective radius 1m
- Log normal size distribution
22-7-06 05:39 GMT
24-11-06 13:01 GMT
ISTITUTO NAZIONALE DI GEOFISICA
E VULCANOLOGIA
Volcanic ash in air information
Date and time
GMT
Plume direction
Ash in air maximum
extension
Length - Width
Plume maximum
altitude
24 - 11 - 06
15:14
S
18 Km – 2 Km
4300 - 4500 m asl
24 - 11 - 06
13:01
SE
54 Km -30 Km
4700 - 4900 m asl
24 - 11 - 06
11:20
SE
83 Km - 16 Km
4900 - 5400m asl
24 - 11 - 06
10:02
SE
45 Km – 5 Km
4900 - 5400m asl
24 - 11 - 06
8:22
SE
18 Km – 3 Km
4300 - 4500 m asl
ISTITUTO NAZIONALE DI GEOFISICA
E VULCANOLOGIA
Volcanic ash loading
BTD Alghorithm application
Ash plume detected
Retrieval of ash mass
Date and time AOT mean
GMT
4 - 9 - 2007
20:35
1 ± 0.2
Reff mean
Total mass
2.5 ± 0.5μm
260 ± 100 t
ISTITUTO NAZIONALE DI GEOFISICA
E VULCANOLOGIA
Satellite derived information
Observation Report
INGV CT
Operative Room
Hot Spot
detection
ER calculation
Avhotrr
Modvolc
Volcanic ash
detection
DPC
Synthesis Room
2006 Etna
increase of
explosive events
Volcanic ash
information has
been sent
2 time per day
Fontanarossa Airport
ISTITUTO NAZIONALE DI GEOFISICA
E VULCANOLOGIA
DPC dedicated web interface
ISTITUTO NAZIONALE DI GEOFISICA
E VULCANOLOGIA
Experienced eruptions
MT. ETNA July 2006
(Lava flow)
 MT. ETNA September to December 2006
(Lava flow and explosive activity)
 STROMBOLI February to March 2007
(Lava flow and paroxysm)
 MT. ETNA November 2007
(explosive activity)
 MT. ETNA ongoing 2008 from May
(explosive activity and lava flow)

Volcanological and remote sensing observation reports are available on
‘monitoring volcanoes’
http:\\www.ingv.it
ISTITUTO NAZIONALE DI GEOFISICA
E VULCANOLOGIA
Vesuvius eruption simulation
Mesimex (October 2006)
INGV OV
DPC Blog
ISTITUTO NAZIONALE DI GEOFISICA
E VULCANOLOGIA
No conclusions but future work
Updating System in a Multimission Receiver
Modis 24-11-2006 12:20 GMT
Seviri 24-11-2006 4-16 GMT