First - Pragma Progetti

NUOVO IMPULSO AL VOSTRO BUSINESS CON
LA…“STOCCATA” VINCENTE!
IBM Systems
E⁴ per lo sviluppo di un
ambiente IT flessibile e
conveniente: consigli pratici
per consolidare e virtualizzare
Maurilio Manzoni
IBM System x Channel Development manager
tutti i servers sono uguali
Technology Innovation
Ci differenziamo attraverso
l’innovazione nella tecnologia
che conta
 BladeCenter
 EXA Architecture
 Server Virtualization
 IO Virtualization
 Energy Efficiency
 Storage Innovation
……As one measure of this leadership, we announced that
for the 16th consecutive year we were No. 1 in U.S.
patents, with over 4,000 in 2008.
That’s more than the total of Microsoft, HP, and Cisco
combined.
Consistent with the direction of our business, over 70
percent of our patents were for software and services……
Mark Loughridge,
IBM’s Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer.
business as usual = strada senza uscita
• Spazio insufficiente
• Impossibilita’ a fornire l’energia
necessaria (power e/o cooling)
• Human resource / cost challenges
• Vulnerabilita’ ad hackers e attacchi
Virtualization changes
everything
Cosa succede quando si virtualizza?
•
Con i giusti strumenti le risorse virtualizzate possono
essere facilmente create, aggiustate, mosse, clonate,
monitorate e controllate
Tuttavia, possono emergere nuove complessita’
•
•
•
Crescita rapida di risorse virtualizzate “cross”
ambienti multipli
Relazione delle risorse virtualizzate con il
sottostante strato fisico
Monitoraggio della “salute” e determinazione dei
problemi tra infrastruttura fisica e virtualizzata
Le maggiori sfide che i clienti
“hanno in testa”
• Ho troppi servers da gestire, di fornitori
diversi
• Non ho abbastanza potenza e capacita’ di
raffreddamento nella mia server room da
poter installare ancora server
• Il mio budget per la gestione dei server e’
molto facile che verra’ tagliato
Che cosa guida oggi il mercato ??
• Si cerca la riduzione dei costi di acquisizione e operativi attraverso il
deployment di workloads mission-critical su sistemi x86, guidando
cosi la necessita’ di high availability
• I costi di gestione dei sistemi sono cresciuti sette volte piu’
rapidamente dei costi hardware1
• I costi di power & cooling sono pure cresciuti —il business medio ora
spende circa 50 cents di power & cooling per ogni dollaro speso di
hardware2
• x86 processor technology diventa sempre piu’ potente e capace di far
girare applicazioni di business piu’ grandi e piu’ sofisticate che aiutano
a ridurre i costi dell’IT
• I costi della gestione dei server stanno rapidamente superando
l’effettivo costo della vita dell’hardware
• La proliferazione dei servers sta consumando prezioso spazio,
consumando budget IT , consumando budget per impianti elettrici/di
raffreddamento
1.
2.
IDC, Directions 2007, CIO Strategies to Build the Next Generation Data Center, Doc #DR2007_5VT, February 2007
IDC, Virtualization 2.0: The Next Phase in Customer Adoption, Doc #204904, December 2006
I costi di gestione sono cresciuti di 8 volte nell’ultimo decennio
FACILE
IDC Directions 2007, CIO Strategies to Build the Next Generation Data Center, Doc #DR2007_5VT, Feb 2007
In che classe e’ il vs frigorifero ?
E il vs server ?
Dove va tipicamente l’energia in un datacenter ?
Data center
Server hardware
IT Load
60%
40%
Cooling and
Power conversions
Server loads
Resource
usage rate
Processor
65%
65%
35%
35%
Power supply,
memory, fans,
planar, drives . . .
Data source: Creating Energy-Efficient Data Centers, ,
U.S. Department of Energy , Data Center Facilities and
Engineering Conference , May 18, 2007
70%
Idle
30%
…………" Consolidamento", "Virtualizzazione", "Sicurezza"
Sono queste le "parole chiave" che individuano i temi principali su cui è puntata
l'attenzione di tutti i Responsabili EDP.
Dopo il momento dell' entusiasmo nello sviluppo delle nuove tecnologie,
la maggior parte di noi ritiene giunto il momento di….
fare un po' d'ordine ……….
The RIGHT choice of chassis…
IBM BladeCenter E
Enterprise, best
efficiency, best density
IBM BladeCenter S
Distributed, small office,
easy to configure
IBM BladeCenter T
Ruggedized, shortdepth
IBM BladeCenter H
Enterprise high
performance
 A common set of blades
 A common set of industry-standard switches and I/O fabrics
 Common management infrastructure
13
IBM Systems and Technology Group
IBM BladeCenter HT
Ruggedized, high
performance
Meet the IBM BladeCenter S
A mobile datacenter-in-a-box starting at $2,599 USD
Service label cards slot enable quick and
easy reference to BladeCenter S
Ideal for tiered workloads;
SAS and SATA disks can
be mixed in BladeCenter S
using RAID 0, 1, and 10
7U
Office-friendly
100V/220V Power
Supplies – 2 Plugs is
all you need to get up
and running
Easy access to shared USB
ports & optical drive
Battery Backup for SAS
RAID Controller Module
14
IBM Systems and Technology Group
Ideal for all-in-one
configurations, legacy &
future servers supported
IBM BladeCenter S – Office
Enablement Kit
 Ideal way to deploy BladeCenter S into office environments
 Includes Acoustical Module built into the back
 Optional Air Filter on the front
 Locking door for security
 Mobile with rollers
 33% (4U) extra room to grow
15
IBM Systems and Technology Group
The RIGHT choice – not just the ONLY choice
HS21 XM
Virtualization
LS42
Scalable, enterprise
performance
HS21
General Purpose
Enterprise
HS12
Entry & SMB
LS22
High Performance
Computing
JS22
High-performance
with native
virtualization
JS12 Express
Great Value
for
AIX and IBM i
 A common set of blades
 A common set of industry-standard switches and I/O fabrics
 Common management infrastructure
16
IBM Systems and Technology Group
QS22
High-performance
The Competition Can’t Touch This!
Announced. Shipping Today. Only from IBM.
IBM BladeCenter QS22
 Latest Cell/B.E. processor based blade
 7x faster than latest industry standard servers
– Standard HPC - Life Science, Financial, Math benchmarks
 Used standalone or in conjunction with other processing blades
 Supported by standard Linux OS (RHEL 5.2)
 Double precision floating point
 Up to 32GB of memory
More Choice, More Flexibility. Blade.org – clearly out in front
Themis T2BC Blade Server
 UltraSPARC T2 server works in any BladeCenter chassis
 Simplifies moving Sun Solaris workloads to BladeCenter
– Removes need to port Solaris applications to a new architecture
 Runs UltraSPARC applications under Solaris 10
– Can run Solaris 8 or 9 applications with Migration Assistant
 Compatible with Sun management
17
IBM Systems and Technology Group
QS22
Cell/B.E.
IBM Expansion Blades
Support for diverse application needs
•Simplify legacy application migration with the PCI Expansion Module
– Support 2 standard form factor PCI-X or PCI-Express adapters
– Available only from IBM BladeCenter
•Move more applications to blades with the Storage
and I/O Expansion Blade
– 3 hot-swap SAS hard disk drives; up to 5 total hard drives
per blade
– RAID-5 with battery-backed cache
– Support up to 10 ports for rich I/O configurations
•Boost memory and I/O performance with the Memory
and I/O Expansion Blade
– Support for 4 DIMMs, 2 additional Ethernet ports and additional I/O
•Turn high-speed switch bays into standard switch bays with the
Multi-Switch Interconnect Module
– Add up to 4 additional legacy Ethernet or Fibre-Channel switches per chassis
18
IBM Systems and Technology Group
The RIGHT choice in I/O & storage…
InfiniBand™
Ethernet
Fibre Channel
InfiniBand
Fibre Channel Fibre Channel
InfiniBand
1Gb, 10Gb
Ethernet
 A common set of blades
 A common set of industry-standard switches and I/O fabrics
 Common management infrastructure
19
IBM Systems and Technology Group
1Gb Ethernet
iSCSI
SAS
Pass Through
Blade Storage Best Practice
Best
Shared External
Solid State
On board
20
IBM Systems and Technology Group
•
•
•
•
Fibre
SAS
In chassis (BCS)
iSCSI
• SSD
• uDOC (USB Flash)
• Hot swap
• Fixed disk
Solid State – Reliable and Robust Local Storage
•Innovative alternative to traditional hard
disks
– Ideal for boot environments with low writes
– 32GB single drives available on the HS21, HS21 XM
and LS21
•Smarter solution
– MTBF rates are more than double that of
conventional SAS drives
– Two 16GB solid state drives occupy the space of one
traditional hard disk drive bay
– 87% less power
Less
power,
more
savings
Solid State Drive
HS1
2
HS21
HS21 XM
LS22
LS42
16GB NHS Single Solid State








16GB NHS Dual Solid State
32GB NHS Single Solid State



*Source: Carnegie Mellon University Study, 2007 (http://www.usenix.org/events/fast07/tech/schroeder/schroeder_html/index.html)
21
IBM Systems and Technology Group
Una immagine vale piu’ di mille parole ;
Quale soluzione vorreste avere a casa vostra ?
Soluzione A
Soluzione IBM
oppure
virtualizzazione
•Una rappresentazione logica delle risorse senza vincoli dovuti a limitazioni fisiche
 Creare molte risorse
virtuali in un unico
dispositivo fisico
 Estendere “beyond
the box”—vedere e
gestire diverse risorse
virtuali come una sola
 Dinamicamente
cambiare e regolare
l’intera infrastruttura
The Importance of
Virtualisation
Used
Idle
> 80%
Mainframe
<6%
15% - 20%
UNIX®
x86
Virtualizzazione in un Server Singolo
• Linux
• POWER Hypervisor
 i5/OS
 AIX
 Linux
- RED HAT
- Novell
SUSE
-…
• 64 bit
z/Architecture
– Hypervisor
• z/OS
• z/VM
• Linux
• Intel - AMD based servers
– VMware, Xen, MS Virtual
Server,..
• Windows
• Linux
• …
Evoluzione del “mercato virtuale”
Mission Critical
Installazioni server x86
NON - Mission Critical
Tanti e .. “meno buoni”
Pochi ma buoni
From Tower to Rack
1980-2001
Server Fisici
From Rack to Blade
2001-2006
Server Fisici
Server VirtualiVMware
2007
Server Fisici
2008 +
Server Fisici
Server Virtuali VMware
Tecnologie varie di virtualizzazione
Altro
X86 Virtualization – Positioning
Higher Mgmt
P2V, backup,
broker, HA,
vm Mgmt
Application
Container
PlateSpin
PowerConvert
Recon
Vizioncore Symantec Connection VMware
IBM
ESXRanger LiveState
Broker
Converter TUAM, TPM, RDM
VMware
VirtualCenter
Virtual Iron
Sun Solaris
Containers
Virtuozzo
(SWsoft)
Hypervisor
Level 2
(Host OS)
VMware Server
Level 1
(no Host OS)
IBM
VM
Microsoft
Virtual Server
VMware VI3
CPU
HW Assist
Physical
(Partitioning,
Interconnections)
Intel-VT
IBM Scalability
(X4)
AMD-V
Novell
Qumranet
KVM
Xen
With HW Assist
Para-Virtual
XenSource
Xen
Hyper V
x86 Virtualization Trends
•
Percent of Organizations using Virtualization for Production Workloads
2008 (projected)
71%
May 2007
51%
Sept 2006
•
37%
Percent of Installed Servers using Virtualization
2009 (projected)
58%
18%
May 2007
Sept 2006
8%
Source: Merrill Lynch, IT Hardware CIO Survey, May 2007
La strategia per Virtualizzare con i System x
Supporto degli industry standard per
tecnologie hypervisor
Essere un riferimento leader tra le
piattaforme hardware
Offrire una soluzione completa per la
gestione
Proprieta’ delle macchina virtuali
Partizionamento
Isolamento/ Secure
Molteplici macchine virtuali
“girano” simultaneamente su un
singolo server/PC
La macchina virtuale e’ isolata dal
Host OS, e dalle altre VMs
Incapsulamento
Hardware Independence
L’intera VM e’ salvata in files. Puo’
essere spostata e/o copiata come
un qualsiasi file
Una macchina virtuale gira
senza legami specifici con l’HW
Maggior utilizzo dell ‘ HW
Prima di VMware
Dopo VMware
La virtualizzazione permette il consolidamento di workloads
da servers sottoutilizzati su un singolo server
per ottenere un maggior utilizzo
in piena sicurezza
I clienti virtualizzano per:
• consolidare
• risparmiare energia
• la flessibilita’
•l’ alta affidabilita’
•Anche per applicazioni particolari
•la continuita’ di servizio
•Anche durante gli aggiornamenti (es. SO, sw, fix per DB..)
• il D/R facilitato
• il costo di gestione basso
Regole per la Virtualizzazione
• Evitare gli Hot spot
•
– Riducendo
il rischio di più carichi di lavoro saturando un dato server
– Se i server virtuali sono posizionati su più server di piccola dimensione
(per esempio quatto macchine con 2 processori) piuttosto che su di un
server più grande (per esempio un 8 processori) allora le richieste di
risorse da un particolare workload possono saturare un dato server fisico
mentre un altro sarebbe sottoutilizzato Un server condiviso ma di
maggiore dimensione/potenza può evitare hot spot artificiali che
impattano il livello di servizio (throughput e tempo di risposta).
•
Disporre di risorse hardware stimando possibili carichi di lavoro futuri
– Spesso è il caso di pianificare una nuova configurazione multi-sistema se le richieste di
risorse da parte di alcuni sistemi/workload non sono noti con precisione.
In questi casi si ha un gran vantaggio usando un server scalabile come x3850M2
per ospitare diversi server virtuali in modo da gestire le “sorprese”
di un particolare sistema/workload senza acquisire altro hardware per il server o
apportando modifiche fisiche.
•
Capacità di soddisfare picchi di carico .
– Con un “grosso” server piuttosto che con N server più piccoli, c’è una grande
probabilità che un processore sia libero in qualche intervallo di tempo per gestire
picchi per qualsiasi aumento di carico.
Virtualizzazione Posizionamento /Portfolio
un approccio olistico
Il cliente sta cercando…..…
Virtualization – To Blade or Not to Blade
IBM
IBM BladeCenter
• Total Infrastructure consolidation
• Best when concerned about aggregation –
“too many eggs in one basket”
CPU
Memory
• High end virtualizations
I/O
• Choose when OS images average less than
2GB of memory per VM
System
Balance
• Low power, heat, super dense
• Best when hosting multiple high
performance VMs
• Choose when OS images average more
than 2GB of memory per VM or has SMP
VM's
• Balanced system performance
• Fewest number of systems to manage
• Scale out
• Truly scalable, balanced system
• Scale up
32GB
(growing)
FB DIMMs
2 x SSD
8 ports
of IO
HS21XM
35
Embedded
Hypervisor
IBM Systems and Technology Group
x3850 M2
x86 server: la scelta per la virtualizzazione
Semplificazione
Semplificazione dell’
dell’
Infrastruttura
Infrastruttura
Piattaforma
Piattaforma
Supporto alle
Supporto alle Applicazioni
Applicazioni
Server
Server consolidation
consolidation
IBM
System
xTM 2-processori
IBM
System
xTM 2rack & tower
IBM System
xTM 4+ processori
IBM System
xTM
rack
Combinare alcune applicazioni
su un singolo server per un
migliore utilizzo
Combinare
alcune
Consolidare un buon numero di
tower
server poco utilizzati per un
miglioreun
TCObuon
Consolidare
IBM BladeCenter
BladeCenter® ®
IBM
processori rack & tower
Descrizione
Descrizione
Peculiarità
Integrazione di risorse server,
networking e storage
Integrazione di risorse
server, networking e
Disponibilità Hardware
storage
applicazioni su un
singolo server per un
Prezzo/prestazioni
migliore utilizzo
Industry-standard design
Densità del Packaging
Peculiarità
Gestione Unificata
• Disponibilità Hardware
• Risparmio
Densità del Packaging
energetico e
• Gestioneraffreddamento
Unificata
• Risparmio energetico e di
raffreddamento
• Server mobility
• Funzionalità di High
availability/disaster recovery
di
•
•
•
•
•
Compatibilità
Industry-standard design
Prezzo/prestazioni
Compatibilità
Più applicazioni per server
Alto utilizzo delle risorse
4+processori rack &
numero di server poco
Prestazioni
utilizzati per un migliore
Scalabilita
TCO
Robustezza e affidabilità dei
• Prestazioni
componenti
• Scalabilita
• Robustezza e affidabilità dei
componenti
• Isolamento Applicativo
• Riduzione dei sistemi fisici
• Installazione rapida dei sistemi
Why Is Sizing Important??
• There are so many sizing considerations, both the source
and target
• Consider just the Source server
–
–
–
–
–
Average and Peak CPU utilization
Average and Peak memory utilization
Page Size and page extents
Disk I/O throughput
Network I/O throughput
• And now the Target
• server
–
–
–
–
CPU Utilization
Memory Utilization
Page size page extents
Disk I/O throughput
Virtualization efforts are only successful if they are sized appropriately
IBM continues to lead in x86 server market
virtualization
• IBM System x Enterprise Servers
–IBM x3850M2 – Best of Show VMWorld 2007
–Multi-architecture support (VMware, XEN, Microsoft Hyper V etc.)
–Extensive collaboration with market virtualization leader
•
•
•
•
•
•
First VMware® system vendor
First joint development partner
First to leverage VMware® SDK
First to offer comprehensive support
First to integrate VMware® into Virtual Client Solution
First to integrate VMware® ESXi
• Recommended virtualization design
–…better to purchase two four-way ESX Server licenses than to
purchase four two-way machines. Similarly, two eight-way servers will
provide more scheduling flexibility than four four-way servers…*
*VMware Tips & Tricks for Implementing Infrastructure Services on ESX Server
Abbiamo ottimizzato i nostri server……
Ma siamo probabilmente a meta’ strada…… (forse meno)
Mancano i desktop…..
IBM Client Consolidation (CCON)
– Muovere i “workloads” dai desktop ai “datacenter” ….…
Virtual Client
(VCS)
• You are probably familiar with server
consolidation using virtualization
(SCON)
• Now consolidate desktop workloads
onto servers using Client
Consolidation (CCON)
• Three IBM approaches to CCON:
–
–
CCON
Shared
Services
–
Workstation
Blades
Shared Services: Server based applications or
desktops deployed in shared services models
such as Citrix, where users share a single OS
Virtual Client: uses virtualization of client OS
and applications on servers to deliver client
computing, specially integrated and priced for
client workloads (VMware)
Workstation Blades: Uses workstation class
hardware installed in the data center to host a
connection to a thin client device. Typically, 1
blade per user.
CCON (Client Consolidation) architectures
CCON
Shared Services
Virtual Client
Workstation Blade
User4 session
User3 session
User2 session
User1 session
Server OS
Server
Users get sessions on a shared Server OS
User1
User2
Client OS
Client OS
Client OS
User1
User2
Client OS
Client OS
WKS Blade WKS Blade
Client OS
WKS Blade
Hypervisor (VMware ESX Server)
Blade Chassis
Server
Users get dedicated OS sessions on a shared Server
Users get dedicated sessions on dedicated Blades
The 6 Layers of a Virtual Client Solution
Virtualizing Desktops with a Server-hosted Architecture
4. Virtualization Software
1. Thin Client
Front-end
Outsourced
or Branch
Office PCs,
Call Centers
3. User Management
2. Network
Ethernet/
Wireless
6. Systems
Management
Microsoft Active
Directory / LDAP
(Manages Users)
Connection
broker
Server
Developer
Desktops
Fault & security isolated
Shared Storage
Remote /
Laptop
Users
Virtual Center
(Assigns VMs)
5. Datacenter Hardware
System x Servers
BladeCenter Blades
IBM TotalStorage
x3650
x3850
DS3400/4700
x3755
x3950
BC or BC-H
HS21 LS21
LS41
Benefici Consolidando/Virtualizzando i Client
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Creazione/cancellazione account
Accesso internet
Gestione antivirus
Aggiornamento SO
Aggiornamento Applicativi e sw d’ambiente
Alta Affidabilità
Gestione muletti
Uniformità del parco
Ottimizzazione delle risorse dedicate
Domande o Commenti ?
Grazie !
Maurilio Manzoni
[email protected]
Legal Information and Trademarks
The following terms are trademarks of International Business Machines Corporation in the United States, other countries, or both:
IBM, IBM Logo, on demand business logo, TotalStorage, Enterprise Storage Server, xSeries,BladeCenter, eServer, ServeRAID and
FlashCopy.
The following are trademarks or registered trademarks of other companies.
Intel is a trademark of the Intel Corporation in the United States and other countries.
Java and all Java-related trademarks and logos are trademarks or registered trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc., in the United States and other countries.
Lotus, Notes, and Domino are trademarks or registered trademarks of Lotus Development Corporation.
Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds.
Microsoft, Windows and Windows NT are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation.
SET and Secure Electronic Transaction are trademarks owned by SET Secure Electronic Transaction LLC.
UNIX is a registered trademark of The Open Group in the United States and other countries.
* All other products may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies.
Notes:
Performance is in Internal Throughput Rate (ITR) ratio based on measurements and projections using standard IBM benchmarks in a controlled environment. The
actual throughput that any user will experience will vary depending upon considerations such as the amount of multiprogramming in the user's job stream, the I/O
configuration, the storage configuration, and the workload processed. Therefore, no assurance can be given that an individual user will achieve throughput
improvements equivalent to the performance ratios stated here.
IBM hardware products are manufactured from new parts, or new and serviceable used parts. Regardless, our warranty terms apply.
All customer examples cited or described in this presentation are presented as illustrations of the manner in which some customers have used IBM products and the
results they may have achieved. Actual environmental costs and performance characteristics will vary depending on individual customer configurations and
conditions.
This publication was produced in the United States. IBM may not offer the products, services or features discussed in this document in other countries, and the
information may be subject to change without notice. Consult your local IBM business contact for information on the product or services available in your area.
All statements regarding IBM's future direction and intent are subject to change or withdrawal without notice, and represent goals and objectives only.
Information about non-IBM products is obtained from the manufacturers of those products or their published announcements. IBM has not tested those products and
cannot confirm the performance, compatibility, or any other claims related to non-IBM products. Questions on the capabilities of non-IBM products should be
addressed to the suppliers of those products.
Prices subject to change without notice. Contact your IBM representative or Business Partner for the most current pricing in your geography.
This presentation and the claims outlined in it were reviewed for compliance with US law. Adaptations of these claims for use in other geographies must be reviewed
by the local country counsel for compliance with local laws.
46
IBM Systems and Technology Group
NOTICES AND DISCLAIMERS
Copyright © 2004 by International Business Machines Corporation. All rights reserved.
No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form without written permission from IBM Corporation.
Product data has been reviewed for accuracy as of the date of initial publication. Product data is subject to change without notice. This
document could include technical inaccuracies or typographical errors. IBM may make improvements and/or changes in the product(s) and/or
program(s) described herein at any time without notice. Any statements regarding IBM's future direction and intent are subject to change or
withdrawal without notice, and represent goals and objectives only. References in this document to IBM products, programs, or services does
not imply that IBM intends to make such products, programs or services available in all countries in which IBM operates or does business. Any
reference to an IBM Program Product in this document is not intended to state or imply that only that program product may be used. Any
functionally equivalent program, that does not infringe IBM's intellectually property rights, may be used instead.
THE INFORMATION PROVIDED IN THIS DOCUMENT IS DISTRIBUTED "AS IS" WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY, EITHER EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED. IBM EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ANY WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR
NONINFRINGEMENT. IBM shall have no responsibility to update this information. IBM products are warranted, if at all, according to the terms
and conditions of the agreements (e.g., IBM Customer Agreement, Statement of Limited Warranty, International Program License Agreement,
etc.) under which they are provided. Information concerning non-IBM products was obtained from the suppliers of those products, their
published announcements or other publicly available sources. IBM has not tested those products in connection with this publication and cannot
confirm the accuracy of performance, compatibility or any other claims related to non-IBM products. IBM makes no representations or
warranties, expressed or implied, regarding non-IBM products and services.
The provision of the information contained herein is not intended to, and does not, grant any right or license under any IBM patents or
copyrights. Inquiries regarding patent or copyright licenses should be made, in writing, to:
IBM Director of Licensing
IBM Corporation
North Castle Drive
Armonk, NY 1 0504- 785
U.S.A.
47
IBM Systems and Technology Group